.
Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns:
CRS Experts
Clinton T. Brass
Analyst, Coordinator
Specialist in Government Organization and Management
April 6, 2011September 21, 2015
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
R41723
CRS Report for Congress
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congressc11173008
Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
Summary
.
In the event of a funding gap, the potential impacts of a government shutdown willwould depend on a
program’s or agency’s specific circumstances and, furthermore, how relevant law is interpreted. The following
table
Table 1 provides names and contact information for CRS subject matter experts on policy
concerns and legal issues relating to
funding gaps and the processes and effects that may be
associated with a government shutdown.
1 Policy areas identified include
•
that are identified in Table 1 include
agencies and programs funded by specific regular appropriations bills;
cross-cutting shutdown issues;
•
domestic social policy-related programs and agencies;
•
foreign affairs, defense, and trade-related programs and agencies;
•
general government-related programs and agencies; and
•
resources, science, and technology-related programs and agencies.
For questions concerning the impact of a shutdown on a specific agency or program that is not
listed here, see the contact information for the listed “coordinators,” who will help to identify the
relevant subject matter expert. See also the notes forunder Table 1 for additional CRS resources.
Additional Online and Written Resources
CRS Website: Appropriations Status Table
For information about the status of funding for particular agencies and programs, see the CRS
“Appropriations Status Table” at http://www.crs.gov/AppropriationsStatusTable/Indexcrs.gov/Pages/AppropriationsStatusTable.aspx. Under the
“Regular Appropriations” tab, the left-hand column lists the CRS reports that cover each
appropriations bill. The reports identifyend of each report contains contact information for CRS subject matter
experts for thewho cover agencies and programs
that are funded by each bill. To locate a specific agency or program within an appropriations bill,
; see a report’s “Key Policy
Staff” table and list of authors, as applicable. To identify which appropriations bill provides
funding for a specific agency or program, see CRS Report R40858, Locate an Agency or
Program Within Appropriations Bills, by Mary
Frances Bley.
For information about funding gaps, see CRS Report RS20348, Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief
Overview, by Jessica TollestrupJustin Murray.
CRS Reports
For an annotated list of CRS resources related to the FY2014 shutdown, see CRS Report R43250,
CRS Resources on the FY2014 Funding Gap, Shutdown, and Status of Appropriations, by Justin
Murray.
For an annotated list of CRS and non-CRS resources related to past government shutdowns,
including the FY2014 shutdown, see CRS Report R41759, Past Government Shutdowns: Key
Resources, by Jared C. Nagel and Justin Murray.
For general information about the causes, processes, and effects of government shutdowns, see
CRS Report RL34680, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects,
coordinated by Clinton T. Brass.
For information about funding gaps, see CRS Report RS20348, Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief
Overview, by Jessica Tollestrup.
1
A government shutdown is different from a debt limit impasse. A debt limit impasse occurs if the federal government
no longer has the ability to borrow to finance its obligations and runs out of cash to liquidate all of the obligations that
would result in federal outlays. For more information about the debt limit issue, see CRS Report R41633, Reaching the
Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations, by D. Andrew Austin et al.
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
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For information about continuing resolutions (CRs) and related historical practices, see CRS
Report R42647, Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices, by
Jessica Tollestrup.
Table 1. Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Agencies and programs funded by regular appropriations billsa
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Coordinator for Agriculture and
related agencies appropriations
Jim Monke
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
7-9664
jmonke@crs.loc.gov
Coordinators for Commerce,
Justice, science, and related
agencies appropriations
Nathan James (Justice)
Analyst in Crime Policy
7-0264
njames@crs.loc.gov
Jennifer D. Williams (Commerce)
Specialist in American National Government
7-8640
jwilliams@crs.loc.gov
John F. Sargent, Jr. (science agencies)
Specialist in Science and Technology Policy
7-9147
jsargent@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for Defense
appropriations
Pat Towell
Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget
7-2122
ptowell@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for Energy and
water development
appropriations
Mark Holt
Specialist in Energy Policy
7-1704
mholt@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for financial
services and general
government appropriations
Baird Webel
Specialist in Financial Economics
7-0652
bwebel@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for Homeland
Security Department
appropriations
William L. Painter
Analyst in Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Policy
7-3335
wpainter@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for Interior,
environment, and related
agencies appropriations
Carol Hardy Vincent
Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
7-8651
chvincent@crs.loc.gov
Coordinators for Labor, Health
and Human Services, and
Education appropriations
Karen E. Lynch (overall/HHS)
Specialist in Social Policy
7-6899
klynch@crs.loc.gov
David H. Bradley (Labor)
Specialist in Labor Economics
7-7352
dbradley@crs.loc.gov
C. Stephen Redhead (public health,
ACA)
Specialist in Health Policy
7-2261
credhead@crs.loc.gov
Gail McCallion (Education)
Specialist in Social Policy
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
Scott Szymendera (Social Security)
Analyst in Disability Policy
7-0014
sszymendera@crs.loc.gov
Coordinator for legislative
branch appropriations
Ida A. Brudnick
Specialist on the Congress
7-6460
ibrudnick@crs.loc.gov
Coordinators for military
construction, Veterans Affairs,
and related agencies
appropriations
Daniel H. Else
Specialist in National Defense
7-4996
delse@crs.loc.gov
Sidath Viranga Panangala
Specialist in Veterans Policy
7-0623
spanangala@crs.loc.gov
Congressional Research Service
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
.
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Susan B. Epstein
Specialist in Foreign Policy
7-6678
sepstein@crs.loc.gov
Alex Tiersky
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
7-7367
atiersky@crs.loc.gov
Marian L. Lawson
Specialist in Foreign Assistance Policy
7-4475
mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Maggie McCarty
Specialist in Housing Policy
7-2163
mmccarty@crs.loc.gov
David Randall Peterman
Analyst in Transportation Policy
7-3267
dpeterman@crs.loc.gov
Ida A. Brudnick
Specialist by
Clinton T. Brass.
Congressional Research Service
Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
I
n the event of a funding gap, the potential impacts of a government shutdown will depend on
a program’s or agency’s specific circumstances and how relevant law is interpreted. The
following table provides names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns
relating to funding gaps and the processes and effects that may be associated with a government
shutdown. Policy areas identified include
•
cross-cutting shutdown issues;
•
domestic social policy-related programs and agencies;
•
foreign affairs, defense, and trade-related programs and agencies;
•
general government-related programs and agencies; and
•
resources, science, and technology-related programs and agencies.
For questions concerning the impact of a shutdown on a specific agency or program that is not
listed in the table, see the contact information for the listed coordinators, who will help to identify
the relevant subject matter expert. See also the notes for Table 1 for additional CRS resources.
For information about the status of funding for particular agencies and programs, see the CRS
“Appropriations Status Table” at http://crs.gov/Pages/AppropriationsStatusTable.aspx. Under the
“Regular Appropriations” tab, the left-hand column lists the CRS reports that cover each
appropriations bill. The reports identify CRS subject matter experts who cover agencies and
programs that are funded by each bill. To locate a specific agency or program within an
appropriations bill, see CRS Report R40858, Locate an Agency or Program Within
Appropriations Bills, by Mary Frances Bley.
Table 1. Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Ida A. Brudnick
Analyst on the Congress
7-6460
ibrudnick@crs.loc.gov
R. Eric Petersen
Specialist in American National Government
7-0643
epetersen@crs.loc.gov
Clinton T. Brass
AnalystSpecialist in Government Organization and
Management
7-4536
cbrass@crs.loc.gov
Virginia A. McMurtry
Specialist in American National Government
7-8678
vmcmurtry@crs.loc.gov
Lorraine H. Tong
Analyst in American National Government
7-5846
ltong@crs.loc.gov
Denis Steven Rutkus
Specialist on the Federal Judiciary
7-7162
drutkus@crs.loc.gov
Legal issues
Todd B. Tatelman
Legislative Attorney
7-4697
ttatelman@crs.loc.gov
Government contracts lawMichelle D. Christensen
Analyst in Government Organization and
Management
7-0764
mchristensen@crs.loc.gov
Barry J. McMillion (operations)
Analyst on the Federal Judiciary
7-6025
bmcmillion@crs.loc.gov
Matthew Eric Glassman (budget)
Analyst on the Congress
7-3467
mglassman@crs.loc.gov
Edward C. Liu
Legislative Attorney
7-9166
eliu@crs.loc.gov
Thomas J. Nicola
Legislative Attorney
7-5004
tnicola@crs.loc.gov
Brian T. Yeh
Legislative Attorney
7-5182
byeh@crs.loc.gov
Kate M. Manuel
Legislative Attorney
7-4477
kmanuel@crs.loc.gov
John R. LuckeyRodney M. Perry
Legislative Attorney
7-7897
jluckey@crs.loc.gov
Cross-cutting shutdown issues
Congressional operations
Executive branch operations
Judiciary operations
Congressional Research Service
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Federal grants law
Kathleen S. Swendiman
Legislative Attorney
7-9105
kswendiman@crs.loc.gov
Funding gaps and congressional
5203
rperry@crs.loc.gov
Federal grants-in-aid
Natalie Keegan
Analyst in American Federalism and
Emergency Management Policy
7-9569
nkeegan@crs.loc.gov
Legal issues (federal grants law)
Alissa M. Dolan
Legislative Attorney
7-8433
adolan@crs.loc.gov
Funding gaps, continuing
resolutions (CRs), and
congressional budget process
Jessica Tollestrup
Analyst on Congress and the Legislative
Process
7-0941
jtollestrup@crs.loc.gov
Impact of shutdown on
economy and financial markets
D. Andrew Austin
Analyst in Economic Policy
7-6552
aaustin@crs.loc.gov
National security concerns
during shutdown perioda
John Rollins
Specialist in Terrorism and National Security
7-5529
jrollins@crs.loc.gov
Domestic social policy-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Karen Spar
Specialist in Domestic Social Policy and
Division Research Coordinator
7-7319
ksparJames V. Saturno
Specialist on Congress and the Legislative
Process
7-2381
jsaturno@crs.loc.gov
Coordinators for State, foreign
operations, and related
programs appropriations
Coordinators for
Transportation, Housing and
Urban Development, and
related agencies appropriations
Cross-cutting shutdown issues
Congressional operations
Executive branch operations
Judiciary operations and budget
Legal issues (appropriations law)
Legal issues (government
contracts law)
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
.
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
D. Andrew Austin
Analyst in Economic Policy
7-6552
aaustin@crs.loc.gov
Marc Labonte
Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy
7-0640
mlabonte@crs.loc.gov
Edward V. Murphy
Specialist in Financial Economics
7-6201
tmurphy@crs.loc.gov
John Rollins
Specialist in Terrorism and National Security
7-5529
jrollins@crs.loc.gov
Karen Spar
Specialist in Domestic Social Policy and
Division Research Coordinator
7-7319
kspar@crs.loc.gov
Richard Rimkunas
Deputy Assistant Director/Domestic Social
Policy
7-7334
rrimkunas@crs.loc.gov
Annie L. Mach
Analyst in Health Care Financing
7-7825
amach@crs.loc.gov
C. Stephen Redhead
Specialist in Health Policy
7-2261
credhead@crs.loc.gov
Education and job training
programs
Gail McCallion
Specialist in Social Policy
7-7758
gmccallion@crs.loc.gov
Federal Employees Health
Benefits Program (FEHB)
Cliff BinderKirstin B. Blom
Analyst in Health Care Financing
7-7965
cbinder@crs.loc.gov
Medicare and Medicaid
Cliff Binder
Analyst in Health Care Financing
7-7965
cbinder@crs.loc.gov
Social Security
Dawn Nuschler
Specialist in Income Security
7-6283
dnuschler@crs.loc.gov
Unemployment insurance
Katelin P. Isaacs
Analyst in Income Security
7-7355
kisaacs@crs.loc.gov
Veterans benefits
Christine Scott
Specialist in Social Policy
7-7366
cscott@crs.loc.gov
Foreign affairs, defense, and trade-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Gary J. Pagliano
Section Research Manager
7-1750
gpagliano@crs.loc.gov
Department of Defense (DOD)
operationsb
Stephen Daggett
Specialist in Defense Policy and Budgets
7-7642
sdaggett@crs.loc.gov
General government-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Jeffrey W. Seifert
Section Research Manager
7-0781
jseifert@crs.loc.gov
Executive Office of the
President (EOP)
Barbara L. Schwemle
Analyst in American National Government
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Internal Revenue Service and
Tax-Related Operations
Gary Guenther
Analyst in Public Finance
7-7742
gguenther@crs.loc.gov
Office of Management and
Budget (OMB)
Clinton T. Brass
Analyst in Government Organization and
Management
7-4536
cbrass@crs.loc.gov
Virginia A. McMurtry
Specialist in American National Government
7-8678
vmcmurtry@crs.loc.gov
Barbara L. Schwemle
Analyst in American National Government
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Office of Personnel
Management (OPM)
Congressional Research Service
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
Legislative Issues
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Resources, science, and technology-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Charles V. Stern
Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
7-7786
cstern@crs.loc.gov
Air safety and air traffic control
issues
Bart Elias
Specialist in Aviation Policy
7-7771
belias@crs.loc.gov
Food safety issues
Renée Johnson
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
7-9588
rjohnson@crs.loc.gov
Nuclear safety issues
Mark Holt
Specialist in Energy Policy
7-1704
mholt@crs.loc.gov
Notes:
a.
For information and analysis related to possible security vulnerabilities during periods of government
uncertainty, see CRS Report RL34456, 2008-2009 Presidential Transition: National Security Considerations and
Options, by John Rollins.
b.
For additional, prospective analysis of potential effects of a government shutdown on the Department of
Defense, see CRS Report R41745, Government Shutdown: Operations of the Department of Defense During a
Lapse in Appropriations, by Stephen Daggett.
Experts List Coordinator
Clinton T. Brass
Analyst in Government Organization and
Management
cbrass@crs.loc.gov, 7-4536
Congressional Research Service
32397
kblom@crs.loc.gov
Federal employee retirement
benefits (CSRS/FERS)
Katelin P. Isaacs
Analyst in Income Security
7-7355
kisaacs@crs.loc.gov
Medicaid
Alison Mitchell
Analyst in Health Care Financing
7-0152
amitchell@crs.loc.gov
Medicare
Patricia A. Davis
Specialist in Health Care Financing
7-7362
pdavis@crs.loc.gov
Social Security
Dawn Nuschler
Specialist in Income Security
7-6283
dnuschler@crs.loc.gov
William R. Morton
Analyst in Income Security
7-9453
wmorton@crs.loc.gov
Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program (SNAP)
Randy Alison Aussenberg
Specialist in Nutrition Assistance Policy
7-8641
raussenberg@crs.loc.gov
Unemployment insurance
Julie M. Whittaker
Specialist in Income Security
7-2587
jwhittaker@crs.loc.gov
Veterans benefits
Scott Szymendera
Analyst in Disability Policy
7-0014
sszymendera@crs.loc.gov
Veterans health care and
medical research
Sidath Viranga Panangala
Specialist in Veterans Policy
7-0623
spanangala@crs.loc.gov
7-4475
mlawson@crs.loc.gov
Economic and financial market
issues
National security concerns
during shutdown period
Domestic social policy-related programs and agencies
Coordinators
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
insurance exchanges
Foreign affairs, defense, and trade-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
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Marian L. Lawson
Specialist in Foreign Assistance Policy
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
.
Legislative Issues
Department of Defense (DOD)
operations
Name/Title
Phone
E-mail
Pat Towell
Specialist in U.S. Defense Policy and Budget
7-2122
ptowell@crs.loc.gov
General government-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Louise D. Yinug
Section Research Manager
7-0459
lyinug@crs.loc.gov
Executive Office of the
President (EOP)
Barbara L. Schwemle
Analyst in American National Government
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA)
Francis X. McCarthy
Analyst in Emergency Management Policy
7-9533
fmccarthy@crs.loc.gov
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
and tax-related operations
Gary Guenther
Analyst in Public Finance
7-7742
gguenther@crs.loc.gov
Merit Systems Protection Board
(MSPB)
Barbara L. Schwemle
Analyst in American National Government
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Office of Management and
Budget (OMB)
Clinton T. Brass
Specialist in Government Organization and
Management
7-4536
cbrass@crs.loc.gov
Office of Personnel
Management (OPM)
Barbara L. Schwemle
Analyst in American National Government
7-8655
bschwemle@crs.loc.gov
Resources, science, and technology-related programs and agencies
Coordinator
(will help identify subject matter
experts for unlisted areas)
Amy Abel
Section Research Manager
7-7239
aabel@crs.loc.gov
Air safety, air traffic control,
aviation/airport security, and
screening issues
Bart Elias
Specialist in Aviation Policy
7-7771
belias@crs.loc.gov
Highway spending issues
Robert S. Kirk
Specialist in Transportation Policy
7-7769
rkirk@crs.loc.gov
Food safety issues
Renée Johnson
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
7-9588
rjohnson@crs.loc.gov
Nuclear safety issues
Mark Holt
Specialist in Energy Policy
7-1704
mholt@crs.loc.gov
Notes:
a. For information about the status of funding for particular agencies and programs, see the CRS
“Appropriations Status Table” at http://crs.gov/pages/AppropriationsStatusTable.aspx. Under the “Regular
Appropriations” tab, the left-hand column lists the CRS reports that cover each appropriations bill. The end
of each report contains contact information for CRS subject matter experts who cover agencies and
programs that are funded by each bill; see a report’s “Key Policy Staff” table and list of authors, as
applicable. To identify which appropriations bill provides funding for a specific agency or program, see CRS
Report R40858, Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills, by Justin Murray.
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Funding Gaps and Government Shutdowns: CRS Experts
.
Author Contact Information
Clinton T. Brass, Coordinator
Specialist in Government Organization and
Management
cbrass@crs.loc.gov, 7-4536
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