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INSIGHTi

FY2024 Agriculture Appropriations:
Status and Scope

Updated January 23, 2024
Status of Agriculture Appropriations
The Agriculture appropriations bill—formally known as the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and
Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act—funds the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA), excluding the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) in the Department of Health and Human Services and, in even-numbered fiscal years, the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
Table 1 shows the status for FY2024 and the previous two years. For FY2024, the House appropriations
committee reported a bill that failed on the floor. The Senate committee reported a bill, and the Senate
passed it in a three-bill minibus appropriation. Continuing resolutions are funding Agriculture
appropriations through March 1, 2024.
Table 1. Status of FY2022-FY2024 Agriculture Appropriations
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024



House
Senate


Admin
House
Senate
Enacteda
Enactedb
Request
Cmte
Floor
Cmte
Floor
CR
Enacted
3/15/2022
12/29/2022
3/13/2023
6/14/2023
9/28/2023
6/22/2023
11/1/2023
P.L. 118-15

P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-328,
OMB
H.R. 4368
H.R. 4368
S. 2131
H.R. 4366,
9/30/2023
Division A
Division A
Appendix
Division B
to Nov. 17
USDA
H.Rept. 118-
Failed by
S.Rept. 118-
Cong. Rec.
Cong. Rec.
P.L. 118-22
FDA
124
vote of
44
Vote of
3/9/2022,
12/20/2022
11/16/2023
CFTC
Vote of
191-237
Vote of
82-15
Book III
S7819
to Jan. 19
FCA
34-27
28-0
P.L. 118-35
1/19/2024
to Mar. 1
Source: CRS using Congress.gov, OMB, and agency websites.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN12158
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
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Notes: OMB = Office of Management and Budget; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture; FDA = Food and Drug
Administration; FCA = Farm Credit Administration; CFTC = Commodity Futures Trading Commission; CR = continuing
resolution.
a. For FY2022, see House-reported H.R. 4356, H.Rept. 117-82, House-passed H.R. 4502 (Division B), Senate-reported
S. 2599, and S.Rept. 117-34.
b. For FY2023, see House-reported H.R. 8239, H.Rept. 117-392, House-passed H.R. 8294 (Division B), and Senate-
introduced S. 4661 with unofficial explanation.
Scope of Agricultural Spending
The federal budget treats discretionary and mandatory spending differently. Congress organizes
committees around these types of spending and their responsibilities for authorizing and appropriating.
Agricultural programs rely on both types of spending.
Discretionary spending is the focus of the appropriations process. Budget enforcement
is through resolutions and laws that set spending limits. Discretionary spending typically
provides agency operations and grant programs. In FY2023, discretionary Agriculture
appropriations were $25.5 billion (Table 2, Figure 1).
Mandatory spending is minimally addressed during the appropriations process and
supports entitlement programs. Budget enforcement occurs during the authorization
process (e.g., omnibus farm bills, which follow budget rules including Pay-As-You-Go).
In FY2023, mandatory agriculture and nutrition spending was $216 billion.
Appropriations Amounts
For agency operations, the House-reported bill proposes $25.9 billion, a $615 million reduction from
FY2023 (-2%, Table 2). The House-reported bill also proposes $8.4 billion of rescissions and
scorekeeping adjustments, including $5.8 billion from farm loan debt relief and rural energy programs in
the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) and $1.7 billion from limiting the Commodity Credit
Corporation
and Section 32 accounts. This makes the official total of the House-reported bill $17.8 billion
(-31% from FY2023).
The Senate-passed bill proposes $26.8 billion for agency operations, a $292 million increase over
FY2023 (+1%). The official total after rescissions and adjustments would be $26.0 billion, $517 million
above FY2023 (+2%).
Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2022-FY2024
Budget authority in millions of dollars

FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Proposed Change
from FY2023 to
House-
Senate-
FY2024:
reported
passed
P.L. 117- P.L. 117-
Admin.
H.R.
H.R.
Agencies and Programs
103
328
request
4368
4366
Enacted
House
Senate
Discretionary Accounts








Research, Education, and Economics
(Agricultural Research Service, National
Institute of Food and Agriculture, National
Agricultural Statistics Service, Economic
Research Service)
3,676
3,823
4,188
3,732
3,868

-91
+45


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FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Proposed Change
from FY2023 to
House-
Senate-
FY2024:
reported
passed
P.L. 117- P.L. 117-
Admin.
H.R.
H.R.
Agencies and Programs
103
328
request
4368
4366
Enacted
House
Senate
Marketing and Regulatory Programs
(Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Agricultural Marketing Service)
1,341
1,413
1,448
1,355
1,420

-58
+7
Food Safety and Inspection Service
1,109
1,158
1,290
1,197
1,205

+39
+47
Farm Service Agency, Risk Management
Agency, Business Center

1,868
1,923
2,020
1,904
1,946

-19
+22
Natural Resources Conservation Service
(Conservation Operations, Watershed and
Flood Prevention, Watershed Rehabilitation,
Healthy Forests, Urban Agriculture)
1,005
1,034
1,227
911
1,015

-122
-19
Rural Development (Rural Housing Service,
Rural Business Cooperative Service, Rural
Utilities Service)
3,970
4,079
4,861
4,038
3,941

-41
-138
Food and Nutrition Service (Special
Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
Infants, and Children; Commodity Assistance
Programs; Nutrition Programs Administration)a
6,709
6,741
7,066
6,638
7,027

-102
+286
Foreign Agricultural Service (Food for
Peace, McGovern-Dole)
2,217
2,242
2,311
2,223
2,297

-18
+55
USDA Departmental Administration and
other appropriations in General Provisions
666
578
733
416
545

-162
-33
Food and Drug Administration
3,317
3,543
3,915
3,504
3,563

-39
+20
Subtotal: Agency Operations
25,878
26,534
29,059
25,919
26,825

-615
+292
Commodity Futures Trading
Commission
b
382
[365]
295
345
[365]c

-20
[+0]
Rescissions, Changes in Mandatory
Spending, Scorekeeping Adjustments

-1,139
-1,061
-462
-8,430
-836

-7,369
+225
Total, Discretionary Budget Authority








Senate Jurisdictionb
[24,738]
25,471
28,595
[17,488]
25,988

-7,983
+517
House Jurisdictionb
25,120
[25,836]
28,890
17,833
[26,353]

-8,003
[+517]
Mandatory Spending








Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
12,281
15,395
14,695
14,695
14,695

-700
-700
Commodity Credit Corporation
14,402
16,832
10,612
10,612
10,612

-6,220
-6,220
Section 32 (Funds for Strengthening
Markets, Income, and Supply)
1,391
1,483
1,574
574
1,574

-910
+90
Child Nutrition Programsa
26,789
28,456
32,009
31,973
32,001

+3,517
+3,545
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program (SNAP), and Food & Nutrition
Act Programsa
140,438
153,861
149,641
121,992
122,133

-31,869
-31,728
Total, Mandatory Spending
195,301
216,027
208,531
179,846
181,015

-36,182
-35,013


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FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Proposed Change
from FY2023 to
House-
Senate-
FY2024:
reported
passed
P.L. 117- P.L. 117-
Admin.
H.R.
H.R.
Agencies and Programs
103
328
request
4368
4366
Enacted
House
Senate
Loan Authority








Rural Development Programs
46,208
46,870
44,874
45,979
45,884

-891
-986
Farm Loan Program
10,386
10,652
10,686
10,686
10,686

+33
+33
Source: CRS using appropriations text, reports, and unpublished Congressional Budget Office (CBO) tables.
Notes: Amounts are nominal budget authority. Numbers may not sum to totals shown because of rounding. Excludes
supplemental appropriations.
a. Reflects that CBO scores a portion of the Child Nutrition Program and SNAP as discretionary spending (usually less
than $100 million).
b. Chamber notation refers to Agriculture appropriations jurisdiction. Bracketed amounts are noted for comparison.
Enacted Commodity Futures Trading Commission appropriations rotate annually between Agriculture and Financial
Services subcommittees.
c. S. 2309, Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2024.
Figure 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2023
Budget authority in billions of dollars

Source: CRS, Table 2.


Congressional Research Service
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Related Products About Agricultural Spending
• CRS Report R47560, Agricultural Conservation: FY2023 and FY2024 Appropriations
• CRS In Focus IF12233, Farm Bill Primer: Budget Dynamics
• CRS Report R47659, Expiration of the Farm Bill

Author Information

Jim Monke

Specialist in Agricultural Policy




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IN12158 · VERSION 8 · UPDATED