link to page 1 link to page 2 
Updated June 15, 2023
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
The United States has been a leading provider of security
destruction, border security, law enforcement training, and
assistance to Ukraine, particularly since Russia launched its
counter-weapons of mass destruction capabilities.
renewed and expanded invasion of Ukraine on February 24,
Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine,
2022. From 2014, when Russia first invaded Ukraine,
FY2021-FY2023
through February 27, 2023, the United States has
(in millions of dol ars)
committed more than $42 billion in security assistance “to
help Ukraine preserve its territorial integrity, secure its
#
Authorized
Value
#
Authorized
Value
borders, and improve interoperability with NATO.” Of this
amount, the Biden Administration has committed more than 1
Aug. 27, 2021
60.0 21 Sept. 15, 2022
600.0
$40 billion in security assistance since the start of the 2022
2
Dec. 28, 2021
200.0 22 Oct. 4, 2022
625.0
war.
3
Feb. 25, 2022
350.0 23 Oct. 14, 2022
725.0
4
Mar. 12, 2022
200.0 24 Oct. 28, 2022
275.0
FY2022 and FY2023 security assistance packages are
5
Mar. 16, 2022
800.0 25 Nov. 10, 2022
400.0
mostly being funded via $48.7 billion in supplemental
6
Apr. 5, 2022
100.0 26 Nov. 23, 2022
400.0
appropriations. This amount includes $25.93 billion to
replenish Department of Defense (DOD) equipment stocks
7
Apr. 13, 2022
800.0 27 Dec. 9, 2022
275.0
sent to Ukraine via presidential drawdown authority; $18
8
Apr. 21, 2022
800.0 28 Dec. 21, 2022
1,000.0
billion for DOD’s Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative
9
May 6, 2022
150.0 29 Jan. 6, 2023
2,850.0
(USAI; P.L. 114-92, §1250); and $4.73 billion in Foreign
10
May 19, 2022
100.0 30 Jan. 19, 2023
2,500.0
Military Financing (FMF; 22 U.S.C. §2763) for Ukraine
11
June 1, 2022
700.0 31 Feb. 3, 2023
425.0
and “countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine.”
12
June 15, 2022
350.0 32 Feb. 20, 2023
460.0
Supplemental appropriations also include funds for U.S.
13
June 23, 2022
450.0 33 Mar. 3, 2023
400.0
European Command operations and related support for the
14
July 1, 2022
50.0 34 Mar. 20, 2023
350.0
U.S. military. For more, see CRS Insight IN12107,
15
July 8, 2022
400.0 35 Apr. 4, 2023
500.0
Department of Defense Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: 16
July 22, 2022
175.0 36 Apr. 19, 2023
325.0
A Summary.
17
Aug. 1, 2022
550.0 37 May 3, 2023
300.0
Overview of Programs Since 2014
18
Aug. 8, 2022
1,000.0 38 May 21, 2023
375.0
The United States has used a variety of security assistance
19
Aug. 19, 2022
775.0 39 May 31, 2023
300.0
programs and authorities to help build the defensive
20
Sept. 8, 2022
675.0
June 13, 2023
325.0
capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through
Total
22,095.0
train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending
Sources: Department of State and Department of Defense press
accounts.
releases through June 14, 2023.
Especially since 2021, the United States has been providing
Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine,
defense items to Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown
established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard,
Authority (PDA), by which the President can authorize the
together with military trainers from U.S. allies, provided
immediate transfer of articles and services from U.S.
training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the UAF
stocks, up to a funding cap established in law, in response
before the war. This training mission was suspended at the
to an “unforeseen emergency” (22 U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)).
outset of Russia’s invasion. In April 2022, DOD announced
Since August 2021, the Biden Administration has
it would resume training Ukrainian personnel, outside
authorized 40 drawdowns valued at $22.1 billion (Table 1).
Ukraine, both to operate weapon systems and at the
collective unit level. Separately, U.S. Special Operations
USAI and FMF procurement packages have included
Forces have trained and advised Ukrainian special forces.
training, equipment, and advisory efforts to enhance
Ukraine’s defensive capabilities (see Table 2). FY2022
Provision of Defense Equipment
appropriations also directed that USAI funds be provided
After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama
for logistics support, supplies, and services; salaries and
Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security
stipends; sustainment; weapons replacement; and
assistance. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced
intelligence support.
U.S. readiness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine.
Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD’s
According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022
security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner
provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers,
Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building
counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic
(10 U.S.C. §332), as well as International Military
warfare detection and secure communications, satellite
Education and Training, which has provided professional
imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial
military education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian
systems (UAS), air surveillance systems, night vision
military officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded
devices, and equipment to support military medical
security assistance has supported conventional weapons
treatment and combat evacuation procedures.
https://crsreports.congress.gov
link to page 2 U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
Table 2. Selected U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine, FY2016-FY2023
(selected account al ocations, in millions of dol ars)
FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21
FY22
FY23
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) 85.0
99.0
95.0 115.0 115.0 115.0
1,317.6a
—
Ukraine Security Assistance
226.5 148.6 195.5 214.8 256.7 275.7
6,300.0 (obl.)
10,400.0 (obl.)
Initiative (USAI)
out of 12,300.0 (appr.)
Sources: State Department congressional budget justifications, Department of Defense budget requests, P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128, P.L. 117-
180, P.L. 117-328. Table data valid through June 14, 2023.
a. FMF assistance from FY2022 Ukraine supplemental appropriations also has been provided to other European al ies and partners.
Since 2018, Ukraine also has used FMF, as well as some of
FY2022 via P.L. 117-128 and up to $14.5 billion for
its national funds, to procure U.S. defense equipment,
FY2023 via P.L. 117-328.
including Javelin anti-armor missiles and Mark VI patrol
boats purchased through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
P.L. 117-328 continues provisions from P.L. 117-128 that
require the Secretaries of State and Defense to report on
system. Ukraine also has used a combination of FMF and
national funds to refurbish former U.S. Coast Guard Island-
measures taken to account for the end-use of U.S. weapons
transferred to Ukraine. The act also continues a requirement
class patrol boats provided through the Excess Defense
Articles (EDA; 22 U.S.C. §2321j) program. In addition,
for monthly descriptions of U.S. security assistance
provided to Ukraine since February 24, 2022, including a
Ukraine has purchased firearms; ammunition; ordnance;
and other equipment directly from U.S. suppliers via Direct
comprehensive list of provided defense articles and
Commercial Sales.
services, as well as associated authorities and funding.
Since 2022, the United States has provided more advanced
In addition, P.L. 117-328 appropriated $6 million for the
DOD Inspector General to carry out reviews of DOD
defense equipment to Ukraine, as well as greater amounts
of previously provided equipment. According to DOD, U.S.
activities to execute funds in the bill. Additionally, the
Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022 (P.L.
security assistance committed to Ukraine as of June 14,
117-118) provides means to bypass bureaucratic barriers for
2023, has included the following:
leasing or lending U.S. defense articles to Ukraine.
• 38 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS)
Discussion on Future Assistance
and ammunition;
•
U.S. policy increasingly has recognized the UAF’s ability
8 National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile Systems
to employ and operate advanced weaponry, including
(NASAMS); 1 Patriot air defense battery; and other air
systems capable of supporting offensive operations to
defense systems;
•
liberate Ukrainian territory. Much of U.S. assistance has
31 Abrams tanks, 45 T-72B tanks and 120+ Bradley
been focused on providing capabilities that Ukraine’s
infantry fighting vehicles;
domestic defense industry cannot produce, as well as those
• 300 M113 and 100 Stryker Armored Personnel Carriers;
that can be immediately deployed on the battlefield to
• 1,700+ Stinger anti-aircraft systems;
increase the UAF’s resilience and ability to sustain
• 10,000+ Javelin anti-armor systems and 60,000+ other
offensive combat operations. In addition to advanced rocket
anti-armor systems;
and missile systems, these include protected mobility assets
•
(such as armored vehicles), artillery and ammunition,
Phoenix Ghost Tactical, Switchblade Tactical, and other
communication, and intelligence support.
UAS;
• 160+ 155 mm and 72 105 mm Howitzers and artillery;
Ukrainian officials have sought to acquire other advanced
• 182 mortar systems;
systems, including more Western battle tanks, fighter
•
aircraft, long-range missiles, and additional air defense
Remote Anti-Armor Mine (RAAM) Systems;
•
capabilities. Increasingly, the provision of security
4,000+ Tube-Launched, Optically-Tracked, Wire-
assistance to Ukraine also is focused on improving the
Guided (TOW) missiles, high-speed anti-radiation
UAF’s medium- to long-term capabilities, including
missiles (HARMs), and laser-guided rocket systems;
transitioning towards more NATO-standard weaponry and
• 35,000+ grenade launchers and small arms;
improving the UAF’s ability to service and repair defense
• communications, radar, and intelligence equipment; and
equipment provided.
• training, maintenance, and sustainment.
Concerns remain about the potential for escalation as well
In addition, the Biden Administration has authorized third-
as the ability of the U.S. defense industrial base to supply
party transfers of U.S. defense articles and equipment from
growing demands. The Biden Administration reportedly has
several NATO and EU members to Ukraine. NATO and EU
received Ukrainian assurances that the UAF will not use
members and other allies state they have committed at least
U.S.-provided long-range weapons to attack Russian
$22 billion in security assistance to Ukraine (some
territory.
countries do not fully disclose such assistance).
Christina L. Arabia, Analyst in Security Assistance,
Recent Legislation
Security Cooperation and the Global Arms Trade
Prior to and immediately following Russia’s renewed
Andrew S. Bowen, Analyst in Russian and European
invasion of Ukraine, Congress authorized or proposed
Affairs
increased funding levels for existing security assistance
Cory Welt, Specialist in Russian and European Affairs
authorities. Congress increased the PDA funding cap (22
U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)) from $100 million up to $11 billion for
IF12040
https://crsreports.congress.gov
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
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https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF12040 · VERSION 24 · UPDATED