Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
May 26, 2023
Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and
Emily M. McCabe
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign
Assistance and Foreign
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal
Policy
programs and activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations,

and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S.
Cory R. Gill
diplomatic activities; cultural exchanges; development, security, and humanitarian
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
assistance; and participation in multilateral organizations, among other international

activities. On March 9, 2023, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2024
budget request, which called for $69.01 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS

accounts, or $68.73 billion when including proposed rescissions of prior year funding.
The FY2024 request, including rescissions, represented a 14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base
appropriations (excluding emergency funding responding to Russia’s war in Ukraine) and a 15.0% decrease from
total FY2023 enacted appropriations. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations
measures, the budget request divided SFOPS into two main components:
• Department of State and Related Agency. These accounts, which are provided in Title I of the
SFOPS bill, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The
FY2024 proposal included $18.84 billion for Title I accounts, representing an 8.4% increase from
FY2023 enacted base appropriations and a 7.4% increase from total FY2023 enacted levels.
• Foreign Operations and Related Programs. These accounts, which are provided in Titles II-VI
of the SFOPS bill, fund most foreign assistance activities and would see a total of $50.16 billion
for FY2024, a 16.4% increase when compared with FY2023 enacted base levels and a 21.7%
decrease when compared with total FY2023 enacted levels.
Table A-1 provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2024 request to FY2023 enacted and FY2022
actual (allotted) funding levels. Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International
Affairs budget. Both appendices will be updated to reflect congressional action. Figure A-1 depicts the SFOPS
account structure.
This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and
purposes. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and
contextual information on international affairs issues, consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects,
such as global health, diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. Table A-3 includes a list
of CRS experts who may be consulted for additional information within their respective issue areas. For more
information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Cory R. Gill and Emily M. McCabe.
Congressional Research Service

link to page 5 link to page 5 link to page 6

Overview
Annual Department of State, Foreign
A Note on Numbers
Operations, and Related Programs
Consistent with prior years’ analyses, CRS is comparing the
(SFOPS) appropriations support a range of
FY2024 SFOPS request and subsequent appropriations bil s
U.S. activities around the world, including
to FY2023 enacted funding levels from the appropriations
the operation of U.S. embassies;
laws and/or FY2022 actual funding as presented in the
diplomatic activities; international
Congressional Budget Justification (CBJ).
development, security, and humanitarian
Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2024 CBJ
assistance; U.S. participation in
for the FY2024 request and FY2022 “actuals,” and Division
B of P.L. 117-180 and Divisions K and M of P.L. 117-328 for
multilateral organizations; and certain U.S.
FY2023 enacted. In the CBJ, the Administration provides an
export promotion activities. The SFOPS
“adjusted enacted” total for FY2023 that shifts $2.12 bil ion
appropriations closely align with the
in emergency funding enacted in Division M of P.L. 117-328
International Affairs budget function (150),
to “base” funding. Because Congress designated such funds
which typically represents about 1%-1.5%
as “being for an emergency requirement,” CRS is keeping
such funds separate from base enacted levels for
of the annual federal budget (see Figure
calculations in this report and using the enacted FY2023
1).1
legislation as the basis of comparison.

Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2024 Estimate

Source: Prepared by CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2024 Budget Historical Table 5.1.
The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2024, released on March 9, 2023, proposed
$69.01 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $68.73 billion when including
proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The request, including rescissions, represented a
14.9% increase from FY2023 enacted base appropriations and a 15.0% decrease from FY2023
enacted total appropriations, which include supplemental appropriations enacted for SFOPS
accounts to respond to Russia’s war in Ukraine. When compared with prior years’ requests, the
Administration’s request is lower than that for the past two fiscal years (see Table 1). However, in

1 The SFOPS appropriation aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The
primary differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the
Agriculture appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function
300 budget (Natural Resources and Environment).
2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals
for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps.
Congressional Research Service

1

link to page 7

both of those years, Administration requests included proposals for supplemental funds that were
transmitted to Congress later in the fiscal year and separate from the regular budget request.
Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2016-FY2024 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
FY24
Request
54.83
60.21
40.21
41.66
43.10
44.12
71.37
90.54
69.01
Actual/Enacted
54.52
59.78
54.18
54.38
57.37
71.38
85.42
80.92

Difference
-0.6%
-0.7% +34.7% +30.5% +33.1% +61.8% +19.7%
-10.6%

Source: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and U.S.
Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L. 117-180 and P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Includes supplemental, emergency, and overseas contingency operations funds and rescissions. FY2023
figures are enacted appropriations, while FY2016-FY2022 figures are “actual” spending as reported in the CBJs.
Emergency Funds
Congress periodically appropriates funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of
activities outside of preestablished budget caps. In recent years, Congress has enacted emergency
funds to address unanticipated situations both during the regular budget cycle in annual
appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental measures. For FY2023, for example, Congress
has thus far enacted two emergency funding measures that included appropriations for SFOPS
accounts: one as part of the first continuing resolution for FY2023 (P.L. 117-180) and the other as
part of the omnibus appropriation (P.L. 117-328). Such funding was enacted primarily for
security, economic, and humanitarian assistance for Ukraine and countries and populations
affected by the war in Ukraine.
From FY2012 through FY2021, SFOPS appropriations included funding designated as “Overseas
Contingency Operations” (OCO), a type of emergency funding initially used by Congress in the
“frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.3 OCO funding was also one of the
mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various activities while still adhering to
discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25).
Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in funding level and
scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including many that were widely
considered to be base budget programs, in the later years. The BCA discretionary caps expired in
FY2021; OCO has not been requested or appropriated in the fiscal years since.
Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at
times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (see Figure 2). In
FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds
that year. For FY2022, appropriated emergency supplemental funding totaled $29.19 billion,
representing 34.2% of total appropriated SFOPS funding. Thus far, for FY2023, supplemental
funding for SFOPS accounts has totaled $21.07 billion, accounting for 26.0% of total
appropriated SFOPS funding.

3 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding:
Background and Current Status, by Emily M. McCabe.
Congressional Research Service

2

Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2016-FY2024 Request

Source: Prepared by CRS using annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the
Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development; FY2023 enacted levels compiled from P.L.
117-180 and P.L. 117-328.
Mandatory Funds4
Traditionally, the majority of funding for SFOPS accounts is discretionary (enacted in annual
appropriations measures).5 However, for the past two fiscal years, the Biden Administration has
proposed mandatory budget authority for select initiatives. For FY2023, for example, the
Administration proposed $6.5 billion in mandatory budget authority for global health security
purposes.6 Congress did not act on the Administration’s proposal.
For FY2024, the Administration proposed $11.1 billion in mandatory budget authority as part of a
U.S. government effort to “out-compete China, strengthen the U.S. role in the Indo-Pacific, and
grow the U.S. economy.”7 The proposed mandatory budget authority would include $7.1 billion
for Compact of Free Association economic assistance to the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and
Palau over 20 years, to be administered by the Department of the Interior (DOI);8 $2 billion over
five years to support the implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy; 9 and $2 billion over five
years to establish an International Infrastructure Fund for projects that “align with U.S. strategic
interests in countries that are vulnerable to malign influence by strategic competitors.”10

4 Thomas Lum, CRS Specialist in Asian Affairs, contributed to this section. For a brief explanation of discretionary and
mandatory budget authority, see CRS In Focus IF12105, Introduction to Budget Authority, by James V. Saturno.
5 The consistent exception to this has been annual Payment to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund
($158.9 million annually).
6 For more details on the request, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” in CRS Report R47070, Department of State,
Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations, by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R.
Gill.
7 U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 100.
8 The $7.1 billion includes $634 million for U.S. Postal Service services. Compact assistance is distinct from USAID
program assistance.
9 The White House, “Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,” February 2022, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf.
10 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 179.
Congressional Research Service

3

Economic assistance pursuant to Title II of the Compacts of Free Association is set to expire at
the end of FY2023 for the Marshall Islands and Micronesia and at the end of FY2024 for Palau.
Such assistance currently is both funded (through mandatory appropriations) and administered by
DOI. The Administration has not indicated why it proposes shifting Compact administration from
DOI to the Department of State. Once the United States and the three Compact countries reach
bilateral agreements, currently under negotiation, to extend Compact assistance, the President is
to submit draft legislation to Congress, after which both houses of Congress must approve them
through implementing legislation for them to go into effect.11
State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2024 request sought $18.84 billion in funding for the State
Department and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This request comprised an increase of
7.4% from the total FY2023 enacted funding Congress provided for these accounts and an 8.4%
increase from base (nonemergency) funding. The Biden Administration identified several key
priorities it intended to fund through the State Department and Related Agency accounts in
FY2024, including
• implementing its Indo-Pacific Strategy, including by strengthening U.S.
engagement in the region and expanding the U.S. diplomatic presence;
• investing in the State Department’s workforce through building professional
expertise and training capacity in areas critical to U.S national security such as
cyberspace and emerging technologies, and climate and clean energy;
• ensuring the safety and security of U.S. personnel and facilities overseas while
enabling robust, on-the-ground diplomatic engagement;
• fulfilling U.S. commitments to Afghan partners who served alongside the United
States in Afghanistan (see the text box below); and
• renewing U.S. leadership in multilateral diplomacy through paying U.S. assessed
contributions (membership dues) and arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to
international organizations and international peacekeeping missions.12
Enduring Welcome Account
The State Department is leading a whole-of-government effort known as “Enduring Welcome” that seeks to
“expeditiously process the applications of our Afghan allies, such as Afghan Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) candidates,
and family reunification cases, and welcome them to the United States—while simultaneously safeguarding national
security.”13 During FY2023, the State Department assumed new responsibilities in this effort, including establishing
and managing overseas civilian processing sites to adjudicate the applications of Afghans potentially eligible for U.S.
immigration benefits. As part of the FY2024 request, the Biden Administration asked Congress to create a new
Enduring Welcome appropriations account to consolidate funds Congress previously appropriated to support
Afghan allies, including funds transferred by the Department of Defense to the State Department. The Biden
Administration did not request any new funding for this account for FY2024.

11 For further information on the Compacts of Free Association, see CRS In Focus IF12194, The Compacts of Free
Association, and CRS Report R46573, The Freely Associated States and Issues for Congress.
12 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, Fiscal Year 2024, pp. v-viii; U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Budget Request, slide presentation, March
8, 2023, p. 75.
13 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 78.
Congressional Research Service

4

link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 9 link to page 23

Table 2. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts and Total,
FY2022-FY2024 Request
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
Base
Total
Diplomatic Programs
9,638.87
9,610.21
10,433.85
+10.3%
+8.6%
(346.73)
(147.05)
Worldwide Security Protection
3,788.20
3,813.71
4,066.17
+6.6%
+6.6%
Embassy Security, Construction &
2,093.15
1,957.82
2,013.18
+2.8%
+2.8%
Maintenance
(110.00)
Educational & Cultural Exchange
763.15
777.50
783.72
+0.8%
+0.8%
Programs
(9.40)
International Organizations
3,161.44
2,919.92
3,644.58
+24.8%
+24.8%
U.S. Agency for Global Media
885.00
884.70
944.00
+6.7%
+6.7%
(25.00)
State and Related Agency Totalc
18,178.74
17,541.42
18,844.85
+8.4%
+7.4%
(851.20)
(152.55)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and
P.L. 117-128.
b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division M of P.L. 117-328.
c. State and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above. For all State and
Related Agency accounts, see Table A-1.
Diplomatic Programs
The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and
funds several programs and functions, including
• most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
• the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and
access (DEIA) programs;
• public diplomacy programs;
• operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and
• the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning and Legislative Affairs.14
The Biden Administration’s FY2024 Diplomatic Programs request totaled $10.43 billion, or about
8.6% more than the $9.61 billion Congress appropriated in FY2023 (including all base and
emergency funding). As it did in its previous two budget requests, the Administration called on

14 Ibid., pp. 94-106.
Congressional Research Service

5

Congress to make the entirety of this appropriation (with the exception of the Worldwide Security
Protection, or WSP, component, which Congress generally makes available until expended)
available for expenditure for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year funding”). In previous
years, Congress made about 15% of this appropriation (excluding WSP and supplemental
funding) available for two fiscal years, with budget authority for the remainder of the funds
expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. In the FY2024 budget
request, the Biden Administration asserted that broader provision of two-year availability would
provide it “greater flexibility,” while also resulting in “streamline[d] funding execution during the
second year of availability.”15
The Biden Administration’s request built upon its efforts to strengthen the State Department’s
workforce, including through implementing Secretary Blinken’s Modernization Agenda (see the
text box below). It sought funding for an additional 515 Foreign Service and Civil Service
positions, 462 of which the Administration planned to fund through Diplomatic Programs and
other State Department and Related Agency accounts.16 The Biden Administration indicated that
these new positions would focus on advancing State Department priorities, including increasing
passport and visa processing capacity (204 positions), implementing the Indo-Pacific Strategy (56
positions), and conducting oversight of U.S. foreign assistance (53 positions). The request further
called for an additional 50 positions to expand the State Department’s Professional Development
and Training Float (“training float,” or component of employees participating in training and
professional development programs rather than serving in policy assignments).17 The State
Department espoused the training float as a key element of the Modernization Agenda, asserting
that it would provide department personnel with additional professional development
opportunities to build requisite skills to address contemporary foreign policy challenges without
understaffing bureaus and sacrificing readiness.18
Modernization Agenda
Launched by Secretary Blinken in October 2021, the Modernization Agenda sought to position the State
Department to meet contemporary foreign policy challenges and ensure that it was “strong, effective, diverse, and
flexible enough to lead America’s engagement in the world.”19 The State Department’s FY2024 budget request
identified the fol owing lines of effort for which it requested funding through Diplomatic Programs and other
appropriations accounts to advance the Modernization Agenda.
•
Strengthening and Empowering the Workforce through updated recruitment, hiring, and retention practices to
effectively compete with the private sector for talent, along with increasing personnel expertise in foreign
policy issues such as climate change and global health and strengthening the department’s diversity, equity,
inclusion, and accessibility programming.
•
IT Modernization and Cybersecurity, for which the Administration requested approximately $3.0 bil ion in
FY2024 across various appropriations accounts, to fund priorities including implementing Zero Trust
Architecture across the department’s information technology (IT) enterprise, providing streamlined and
secure cloud services, and leveraging special incentive pay to recruit and retain qualified, talented IT
professionals.20

15 Ibid., p. 95
16 Ibid., pp. 15-16.
17 U.S. Department of State, FY2024 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 82.
18 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 8.
19 State Department, Fiscal Year 2022 Agency Financial Report: Data Informed Diplomacy, p. 116.
20 Zero-trust architecture moves away from protecting the boundary of an IT network and toward limiting access within
a network and continually assessing whether or not a presented user is authorized to access a particular resource. Zero
trust shifts security focus from the location of the system to the data or resource being accessed by the individual user
regardless of its place. This philosophy inherently shifts the presumption that users and devices on a network are vetted
(continued...)
Congressional Research Service

6

link to page 12

•
Delivering Equitable and Effective Services for all Americans, for which the budget includes $258.60 mil ion,
including through improving and streamlining passport services.21
The Biden Administration also asked for $76.2 million to further expand its diversity, equity,
inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) programming in support of several executive orders President
Biden issued that were intended to advance DEIA in the federal workforce. This request exceeded
the FY2023 funding level by 5.9%.22 Among the priorities the Administration highlighted in its
request were expanding the recruitment and retention of personnel from varied backgrounds,
continuing the department’s paid internship program, providing workforce training on DEIA-
related issues, promoting a workplace free of discrimination and harassment, and increasing
support for persons with disabilities who qualify for overseas employment.23
Diplomatic Security
The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security,
Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the SFOPS “diplomatic
security accounts.” WSP serves as the primary operating appropriation for the Bureau of
Diplomatic Security (DS), which implements the State Department’s security programs to protect
U.S. diplomatic personnel, embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and
domestic State Department offices. WSP also funds security and emergency response programs at
10 additional State Department bureaus, including the Bureaus of Information Resource
Management (which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s
information technology enterprise) and Medical Services (which provides routine and emergency
health services to U.S. government employees assigned abroad, including in high-threat, high-risk
environments).24 ESCM funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is responsible
for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions abroad with secure, safe, and functional
facilities.25
For FY2024, the Biden Administration requested $6.08 billion for the diplomatic security
accounts: $4.07 billion for WSP and $2.01 billion for ESCM. This request totaled 5.3% more than
the funding Congress appropriated for the diplomatic security accounts in FY2023 (see Table 3).
As part of its FY2024 WSP request, the Biden Administration called for $747.4 million to support
security operations in Iraq, including costs involved with local guard forces and armored vehicle
replacements. The Administration requested an additional $51.3 million to support similar
programs to protect the U.S. Mission in Pakistan.26 The request further sought $42.7 million to
potentially resume a U.S. diplomatic presence in Libya, where the U.S. Embassy suspended
operations in 2014.27 With regard to ESCM, the request included $980.8 million in State
Department funding for the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost Sharing
Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of U.S.

to one that views users and devices as suspicious and requiring constant verification. For additional information, see
CRS Report R46926, Federal Cybersecurity: Background and Issues for Congress, by Chris Jaikaran.
21 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 7-11.
22 Ibid., p. 70.
23 Ibid., pp. 67-68.
24 Ibid, pp. 378-393.
25 Ibid., p. 395.
26 Ibid., p. 382.
27 Ibid., p. 380; CRS Report RL33142, Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard, p. 8.
Congressional Research Service

7

link to page 15

diplomatic posts. The Administration indicated that this sum, combined with proceeds from
consular fee collections and contributions from other agencies with personnel assigned abroad,
would provide $2.44 billion in funding for these programs. Among other priorities, the
Administration stated its intent to use these funds to meet construction and maintenance costs
involved with new U.S. embassies in the Central African Republic, Kiribati, and Tonga.28
Table 3. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds)
%
%
Change
Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actuala
Enacted
Request
Base
Total
Worldwide Security Protection
3,788.20
3,813.71
4,066.17
+6.6%
+6.6%
Embassy Security, Construction,
2,093.15
1,957.82
2,013.18
+2.8%
+2.8%
and Maintenance
(110.00)
Diplomatic Security Total
5,881.35
5,771.53
6,079.35
+5.3%
+5.3%
(110.0)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.29
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-128.
Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43
international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the
U.N. system (such as the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture
Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO).30 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to 10 U.N. peacekeeping
missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.31
The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various
SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.

28 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 397-398.
29 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
The department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it is
authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
30 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 442.
31 Ibid., p. 483.
Congressional Research Service

8

link to page 13

The Biden Administration’s FY2024 request for these accounts totaled a combined $3.64 billion.
The request exceeded the FY2023 funding level for these accounts by 24.8%. Table 4 illustrates
recent funding for each account.
Table 4. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
Base
Total
Contributions to International
1,662.93
1,438.00
1,703.88
+18.5%
+18.5%
Organizations
Contributions for International
1,498.51
1,481.92
1,940.70
+31.0%
+31.0%
Peacekeeping Activities
Total
3,161.44
2,919.92
3,644.58
+24.8%
+24.8%
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-328; CRS calculations.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s CIO request sought $150 million to pay both
an annual assessment to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) and a share of the $612 million in accumulated U.S. arrears to UNESCO. The United
States began accumulating these arrears in 2011, as UNESCO’s decision to grant membership as
a state to the Palestinians that year triggered U.S. laws prohibiting funding U.N. entities that take
such action. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.32 Congress included a
measure in the FY2023 SFOPS law authorizing the President to waive these provisions with
respect to UNESCO should the President inform Congress that doing so would enable the United
States to counter Chinese influence or promote other U.S. national interests.33 The
Administration’s request noted that it intended to provide funding to UNESCO only if President
Biden exercised this waiver authority.34 Additionally, the request included $69.8 million for
NATO’s civil budget, which the Biden Administration said was necessary for NATO to maintain
its “technological and operational edge” amid continued Russian and Chinese aggression,
cybersecurity challenges, and dangers associated with emerging and destructive technologies.35
With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration stated that its FY2024 request would advance its
intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at the current U.N.-assessed
rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions Congress has
kept in place since the 1990s due to Member concerns that assessed rates are too high.36 The
Administration also again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay assessed

32 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield.
33 Section 7070 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2023
(Division K of P.L. 117-328).
34 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, p. 443.
35 Ibid., p. 444.
36 For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by Luisa
Blanchfield.
Congressional Research Service

9

link to page 14 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 15

contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a measure in
the FY2023 and FY2022 SFOPS appropriations laws despite the Administration’s request that it
do so.37 The FY2024 CIPA request further included $343.8 million to pay a share of the $1.1
billion in peacekeeping arrears that have accumulated since FY2017; the arrears stem from gaps
between the U.N. rate of assessment and the congressional cap.38 The Biden Administration noted
that this request reflected its priority of paying its assessments in full, arguing that doing so would
better enable the United States to use its influence to ensure peacekeeping missions had realistic
and achievable mandates and were subject to clear performance and accountability standards.39
Foreign Operations Highlights
SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in
the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill,
which provides funding for Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants (FFP), and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.40 The FY2024 request for
Foreign Operations totaled $50.16 billion, an increase of 16.4% over FY2023 enacted base
funding and 21.7% below total FY2023 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance request,
including food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation, was $52.20 billion. See Table 5
for a more detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type.
Table 5. Foreign Assistance, by Type, FY2022-FY2024 Request
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals
designated as emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
Type
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
Base
Total
USAID Administrationc
2,021.15
2,095.95
2,293.04
+10.1%
+9.4%
(47.00)
(13.00)
Global Health Programs
9,830.00
10,560.95
10,928.00
+3.5%
+3.5%
Nonhealth Development Assistanced
20,182.99
27,780.78
12,674.72
+27.9%
-54.4%
(10,620.80)
(17,871.50)
Humanitarian Assistancee
20,496.85
11,090.70
10,511.36
+22.7%
-5.2%
(11,939.10)
(2,522.95)
Independent Agenciesf
1,404.50
1,452.50
1,666.00
+14.7%
+14.7%
Security Assistance
14,085.55
9,498.73
9,076.08
+1.5%
-4.4%
(5,186.20)

37 CRS Report R47070, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and
Appropriations, by Emily M. McCabe and Cory R. Gill, pp. 11-12, and CRS Report R46935, Department of State,
Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson,
and Emily M. Morgenstern.
38 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification Appendix 1, pp. 483-484.
39 Ibid., pp. vii-viii, 484.
40 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance:
An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.
Congressional Research Service

10

link to page 15 link to page 15 link to page 16

% Change
% Change
FY2024
FY2024
Request
Request
from
from
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
FY2023
FY2023
Type
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
Base
Total
Multilateral Assistance
3,024.46
2,763.12
4,411.21
+59.6%
+59.6%
(650.00)
(560.00)
Export Promotion
515.29
738.08
643.86
-12.8%
-12.8%
Foreign Assistance Total
71,560.79
65,980.81
52,204.26
+16.0%
-20.9%
(28,443.10) (20,967.45)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
a. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, Division N of P.L. 117-103, and
P.L. 117-128.
b. Totals include emergency supplemental funds from Division B of P.L. 117-180 and Division M of P.L. 117-
328.
c. Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General.
d. Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food
for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations).
e. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
f.
Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S.
African Development Foundation.
The Administration asserted that the FY2024 foreign assistance request would “continue to
ensure that Russia’s aggression remains a strategic failure and supports the people of Ukraine”
and counter the People’s Republic of China (PRC) “to protect our interests and build a prosperous
future.”41 Related to the PRC, the Administration noted that it would seek to direct resources to
areas in which the PRC is “gaining traction,” particularly the Indo-Pacific region. Beyond those
two aims, the Administration also identified continuing work in the humanitarian, democracy and
governance, digital and emerging technology, and infrastructure sectors as priorities for FY2024.
In an effort to support such priorities, the Administration proposed to increase USAID’s direct
hire workforce by 230 in FY2024. The 105 Civil Service Officers and 125 Foreign Service
Officers would be focused on “democracy and anti-corruption expertise, global health security,
climate change, national security, operational management, and a more permanent humanitarian
assistance workforce.”42
Foreign Operations Sectors
Humanitarian Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration requested $10.51 billion for the four global humanitarian
assistance accounts administered by the State Department and USAID: International Disaster
Assistance (IDA, $4.7 billion), Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA, $3.9 billion), and
Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA, $100 million) accounts in the SFOPS
appropriation; and Food for Peace, Title II Grants (FFP. $1.8 billion) in the Agriculture
appropriation (see Figure 3). This level would represent an increase of 22.7% over FY2023

41 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 109.
42 Ibid., p. 104.
Congressional Research Service

11

link to page 17

enacted base funding but a 5.2% decrease from FY2023 total enacted funding (which included
$2.52 billion in emergency supplemental funding). The Administration noted that the request
would aim to address ongoing humanitarian crises in countries and regions such as Afghanistan,
the Horn of Africa, Syria, Ukraine, Haiti, Venezuela, and Yemen, among others. It also would
prioritize combating growing food insecurity, which has been exacerbated by Russia’s war in
Ukraine. More broadly, the Administration also highlighted prioritizing U.S. leadership on
humanitarian and refugee issues in international fora, such as in multilateral international
organizations.
Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance, by Account, FY2022-FY2024 Request

Source: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-
328.
Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency
Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II Grants.
Historically, Congress has often appropriated global humanitarian funding well above
Administration budget requests on a bipartisan basis. U.S. humanitarian assistance has also been
provided through emergency supplemental funding, which in FY2022 and FY2023 has funded
parts of the U.S. responses in Afghanistan and Ukraine, as well as in countries affected by
Russia’s war in Ukraine.
Global Health Programs (GHP)
The Administration requested $10.93 billion for Global Health Programs (GHP) for FY2024, an
increase of 3.5% over FY2023 enacted levels (see Table 6). At the subaccount level, the
Administration proposed the largest increase to Family Planning and Reproductive Health, which
would see a 14.5% increase from 2023 enacted levels. Proposed decreases would be for Global
Health Security at USAID (-17.2%), Tuberculosis (-9.1%), Malaria (-1.9%) and State HIV/AIDS
programming (-0.6%). Five subaccounts would remain level with FY2023 enacted
appropriations. For FY2024, the Administration also proposed two new global health
subaccounts: the Pandemic Fund at the Department of State and the Global Health Worker
Initiative at USAID. The Pandemic Fund, formally launched in response to the COVID-19
pandemic, seeks to build capacity, cooperation, and efficiency in global health to prevent,
Congressional Research Service

12

link to page 18

prepare, and respond to global pandemics. The Global Health Workers Initiative would aim to
strengthen global health systems by “reducing the estimated 10 million global health worker
shortage.”43 Including the request for the Pandemic Fund, the Administration sees an overall
budgetary increase of 38.3% for global health security activities through the GHP account.
Table 6. Global Health Programs, by Subaccount, FY2023-FY2024 Request
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
% Change
FY2024 Request
from FY2023

FY2023 Enacted
FY2024 Request
Total
HIV/AIDS (State)
4,395.0
4,370.0
-0.6%
Global Fund
2,000.0
2,000.0
0.0%
Pandemic Fund

500.0
n.a.
Total, State-GHP
6,395.0
6,870.0
+7.4%
HIV/AIDS (USAID)
330.0
330.0
0.0%
Tuberculosis
394.5
358.5
-9.1%
Malaria
795.0
780.0
-1.9%
MCH
910.0
910.0
0.0%
Nutrition
160.0
160.0
0.0%
Vulnerable Children
30.0
30.0
0.0%
FP/RH
524.0
600.0
+14.5%
Other Public Health Threats/NTDs
122.5
124.5
+1.6%
GHS
900.0
745.0
-17.2%
Global Health Worker Initiative

20.0
n.a.
Total, USAID-GHP
4,166.0
4,058.0
-2.6%
Total, GHP
10,561.0
10,928.0
+3.5%
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: GHS = Global Health Security; MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and
Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Security Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration requested a total of $9.08 billion for the five SFOPS security
assistance accounts: Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR,
$921.3 million); Peacekeeping Operations (PKO, $420.5 million); International Military
Education and Training (IMET, $125.4 million); Foreign Military Financing (FMF, $6.12 billion);
and International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE, $1.48 billion). This funding
level would represent a 1.5% increase from FY2023 enacted base funding and a 4.4% decrease
from FY2023 total enacted funding (see Figure 4).44 All security assistance accounts would be
increased under the Administration’s proposal, with the exception of PKO, which would see an

43 Ibid., p. 111.
44 The FY2023 enacted total included $560 million in emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies
in the region.
Congressional Research Service

13

link to page 19

8.7% decrease. The Administration noted that the proposed decrease was a result of the
cancellation of a South Sudan program and an adjustment to the levels of UN Assessed Expenses
arrears for Somalia.45 More broadly, the Administration’s articulated priorities for security
assistance accounts were largely consistent with prior years, including countering transnational
crime and drug trafficking, strengthening military alliances to promote national security, and
combating corruption.
Figure 4. Security Assistance, by Account, FY2022-FY2024 Request

Source: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-
328.
Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping
Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE =
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
More than one-third of the FY2024 foreign operations request is for nonhealth development
sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies (e.g., the
Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export
promotion and development finance agencies.
Nonhealth Development Sectors
As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2024 does not specify dollar amounts for
many nonhealth development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within certain sectors.
(For FY2022 and FY2023 enacted levels for select development sectors, see Table 7). Consistent
with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the nonhealth
development sectors for FY2024 include food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation,
energy security, economic growth, democracy, and gender equity and equality.

45 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 156.
Congressional Research Service

14

Table 7. Select Development Sectors, FY2022-FY2023 Enacted
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
Sector
FY2022 Enacted
FY2023 Enacted
Democracy Programs (excluding NED)
2,600.00
2,900.00
Education (basic and higher)
1,200.00
1,262.00
Cooperative Development Programs
18.50
18.50
American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA)
31.50
31.50
Food Security
1,010.60
1,010.60
Environment
1,295.00
1,035.00
Water and Sanitation
475.00
475.00
Gender
560.00
650.00
Trafficking in Persons
106.40
116.40
Reconciliation Programs
25.00
25.00
Micro and Small Enterprise
265.00
265.00
Source: Division K of P.L. 117-103 and P.L. 117-328.
Notes: NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
Independent Agencies
The Biden Administration proposed $1.67 billion for independent agencies for FY2024, a 14.7%
increase from FY2023 enacted levels. All agencies would see increases under the proposal, with
the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) receiving the largest increase (15.4%), followed
by the Peace Corps (15.0%), Inter-American Foundation (IAF, 10.6%), and U.S. African
Development Foundation (USADF, 2.2%). According to the Administration, proposed increases
would support new MCC compacts, continue the return of Peace Corps Volunteers overseas
following the COVID-19 pandemic, and expand both IAF and USADF’s grant portfolios.
Multilateral Assistance
For FY2024, the Administration proposed increasing multilateral assistance by 59.6%. The
proposal included funding for multiple entities that did not receive appropriations for FY2023,
including the Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Green Climate
Fund, Multilateral Development Bank Climate Trust Funds, Quality Infrastructure, and Treasury
International Assistance Programs. The Administration also proposed large funding increases for
the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (+300%), Clean Technology Fund (+240%),
and the Asian Development Fund (+145.9%). The only multilateral assistance account that would
see a decrease under the President’s request was International Organizations and Programs
(-4.5%). Thematically, in its request for multilateral assistance, the Administration appeared to
focus on environmental efforts, including those to combat climate change. In its budget materials,
the Administration also highlighted global challenges such as poverty reduction, health systems
modernization, and sustainable infrastructure.46

46 For information on certain multilateral assistance accounts, including some funded through SFOPS but administered
by the Department of the Treasury, see CRS In Focus IF11902, International Financial Institutions: FY2024 Budget
Request, by Rebecca M. Nelson and Martin A. Weiss.
Congressional Research Service

15

link to page 20

Regional Assistance
As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding
allocations that capture all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian
assistance is proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be
allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities.
The Administration, however, did propose regional funding for certain accounts. These included
GHP; Development Assistance (DA); Economic Support Fund (ESF); Assistance to Europe,
Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security assistance accounts. Compared with
FY2022 actuals (not including emergency supplemental funding), for FY2024, the Administration
proposed the largest increase in funding for Europe and Eurasia (+96.1%), followed by East Asia
and the Pacific (+23.3%), South and Central Asia (+21.2%), Western Hemisphere (+21.1%), and
sub-Saharan Africa (+5.1%); the proposal reduced regional funding only for the Near East region
(-3.5%) (see Figure 5). The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including
countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe
and Eurasia; out-competing the PRC and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy in East Asia and the
Pacific; and addressing the root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance
in Central America.
Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2022 Actual vs. FY2024 Request

Source: CRS using data from the SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024.
Notes: FY2022 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2022 actuals do not include
emergency funding.
Outlook
As Congress begins drafting and considering SFOPS legislation for FY2024, issues that may
feature in debates include the following:
Ukraine and Emergency Supplemental Funding. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affected
consideration of both FY2022 and FY2023 SFOPS appropriations and is likely to remain a
subject of debate in the FY2024 budget cycle. The Administration’s request for FY2024 noted
that funds requested for the Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia Region would seek to help
Congressional Research Service

16

countries stabilize in the wake of Russian aggression and “prepare for a broader recovery.”47 In
budget hearings, Secretary of State Blinken noted that previously appropriated funds for Ukraine
should last through much of this year, but did not state whether the Administration might request
supplemental funding in the months ahead.48 Congress may evaluate evolving needs in Ukraine
and the surrounding region as it considers FY2024 regular appropriations. Members may also be
thinking about how, if at all, they might address a potential request for emergency supplemental
appropriations from the Administration either for FY2023 or FY2024.
Mandatory Funding. As noted above, SFOPS funds are traditionally discretionary, provided for
in regular annual or emergency supplemental appropriations measures. FY2024 is the second
fiscal year for which the Administration requested mandatory funding for SFOPS purposes.
While Congress did not act on the Administration’s proposal for mandatory funding for global
health purposes for FY2023, Congress did enact mandatory spending for the State Department in
the CHIPS Act of 2022 (Division A of P.L. 117-167), which makes funding available to the
Secretary of State through a “CHIPS for America International Technology Security and
Innovation Fund.” As Congress considers the FY2024 budget request, Members may consider
how, if at all, they might act on another Administration request for mandatory budget authority
and what budgetary precedent it may set to enact mandatory funding in a space that traditionally
receives only discretionary money.

47 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 99.
48 See, for example, U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations,
and Related Programs, Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request For The Department Of State, 118th Cong., 1st
sess., March 23, 2023.
Congressional Research Service

17

link to page 23 link to page 29 link to page 30 link to page 31

Appendix. Supplementary Tables and Figures
The following tables provide additional detail on and comparisons of the FY2024 request,
FY2023 enacted, and FY2022 actual funding levels. Table A-1 provides an account-by-account
comparison of the three years; Table A-2 offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the
International Affairs budget. Figure A-1 depicts the SFOPS account structure. Table A-3 offers a
list of CRS experts who focus on various issues related to International Affairs.
Congressional Research Service

18

link to page 28 link to page 28
Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds)
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
Title I. State, Broadcasting &
18,178.74
17,541.42
18,844.85
+8.4%
+7.4%
Related Agencies TOTAL
(851.20)
(152.55)
Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal
13,526.41
13,115.95
13,667.41
+5.4%
+4.24%
(826.20)
(152.55)
Diplomatic Programs
9,638.87
9,610.21
10,433.85
+10.3%
+8.6%
(346.73)
(147.05)
of which Worldwide Security Protection
3,788.20
3,813.71
4,066.17
+6.6%
+6.6%
Consular and Border Security Programs
0.00
0.00
-434.00
n.a.
n.a.
Capital Investment Fund
334.17
389.00
491.59
+26.4%
+26.4%
(34.17)
Office of Inspector General
139.46
139.20
133.67
0.0%
-4.0%
(8.00)
(5.50)
Education & Cultural Exchanges
763.15
777.50
783.72
+0.8%
+0.8%
(9.40)
Representation Expenses
7.42
7.42
7.42
0.0%
0.0%
Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials
30.89
30.89
30.89
0.0%
0.0%
Embassy Security, Construction &
2,093.15
1,957.82
2,013.18
+2.8%
+2.8%
Maintenance
(110.00)
of which Worldwide Security Upgrades
1,242.43
1,055.21
1,095.80
+3.8%
+3.8%
(110.00)
Emergencies in the Diplomatic & Consular
325.29
8.89
10.69
+20.3%
+20.3%
Services
(317.90)
Repatriation Loans
1.80
1.30
1.80
+38.5%
+38.5%
Payment to the American Institute in
32.58
34.08
34.96
+2.6%
+2.6%
Taiwan
CRS-19

link to page 28 link to page 28
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
International Chancery Center
0.74
0.74
0.74
+0.1%
+0.1%
Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory)
158.90
158.90
158.90
0.0%
0.0%
International Organizations
3,161.44
2,919.92
3,644.58
+24.8%
+24.8%
Contributions to International
1,662.93
1,438.00
1,703.88
+18.5%
+18.5%
Organizations (CIO)
Contributions to International
1,498.51
1,481.92
1,940.70
+31.0%
+31.0%
Peacekeeping Activities
International Commissions (FUNCTION
180.85
192.89
172.13
-10.8%
-10.8%
300)
Int'l Boundary and Water Commission
103.00
110.97
104.82
-5.5%
-5.5%
American Sections - International
15.01
16.20
13.51
-16.7%
-16.7%
Commissions
International Fisheries Commissions
62.85
65.72
53.80
-18.1%
-18.1%
Agency for Global Media
885.00
884.70
944.00
+6.7%
+6.7%
(25.00)
International Broadcasting Operations
875.30
875.00
934.30
+6.8%
+6.8%
(25.00)
Broadcasting Capital Improvements
9.70
9.70
9.70
0.0%
0.0%
Related Programs, Subtotal
410.73
414.44
402.06
-3.0%
-3.0%
Asia Foundation
21.50
22.00
23.00
+4.5%
+4.5%
United States Institute of Peace
54.00
55.00
56.30
+2.4%
+2.4%
Center for Middle Eastern-Western
0.24
0.18
0.20
+14.7%
+14.7%
Dialogue Trust Fund
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program
0.17
0.18
0.18
+2.9%
+2.9%
Israeli-Arab Scholarship Program
0.12
0.09
0.12
+28.6%
+28.6%
East-West Center
19.70
22.00
22.26
+1.2%
+1.2%
CRS-20

link to page 28 link to page 28
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
National Endowment for Democracy
315.00
315.00
300.00
-4.8%
-4.8%
Other Commissions, Subtotal
15.05
13.53
14.68
+8.5%
+8.5%
Commission for the Preservation of
0.64
0.82
0.77
-6.0%
-6.0%
America’s Heritage Abroad
United States Commission on
4.50
3.50
4.70
+34.3%
+34.3%
International Religious Freedom
Commission on Security and Cooperation
2.91
2.91
2.91
+0.1%
+0.1%
in Europe
Congressional-Executive Commission on
2.25
2.30
2.30
0.0%
0.0%
the People’s Republic of China
United States-China Economic and
4.00
4.00
4.00
0.0%
0.0%
Security Review Commission
Foreign Operations, TOTAL
69,226.79
64,022.48
50,160.93
+16.4%
-21.7%
(28,343.10)
(20,912.45)
Title II. Administration of Foreign
2,021.15
2,095.95
2,293.04
+10.1%
+9.4%
Assistance
(47.00)
(13.00)
USAID Operating Expenses
1,677.95
1,748.35
1,902.84
+9.1%
+8.8%
(42.00)
(5.00)
Capital Investment Fund
258.20
259.10
304.70
+17.6%
+17.6%
Inspector General
85.00
88.50
85.50
+6.2%
-3.4%
(5.00)
(8.00)
Title III. Bilateral Assistance
49,837.34
48,926.60
33,736.75
+18.0%
-31.0%
(22,459.90)
(20,339.45)
Global Health Programs
9,830.00
10,560.95
10,928.00
+3.5%
+3.5%
of which USAID
3,880.00
4,165.95
4,058.00
-2.6%
-2.6%
of which State
5,950.00
6,395.00
6,870.00
+7.4%
+7.4%
Development Assistance
4,140.49
4,368.61
5,425.70
+24.2%
+24.2%
CRS-21

link to page 28 link to page 28
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
International Disaster Assistance
11,303.46
4,843.36
4,699.36
+20.3%
-3.0%
(7,398.00)
(937.90)
Transition Initiatives
200.00
130.00
102.00
+27.5%
-21.5%
(120.00)
(50.00)
Complex Crisis Fund
60.00
60.00
60.00
0.0%
0.0%
Economic Support Fund
13,486.00
21,767.80
5,391.49
+25.3%
-75.2%
(9,387.00)
(17,466.50)
Democracy Fund
340.70
355.70
290.70
-18.3%
-18.3%
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and
1,613.80
850.33
1,049.50
+109.8%
+23.4%
Central Asia
(113.80)
(350.00)
Migration and Refugee Assistance
5,077.19
4,447.24
3,912.00
+34.3%
-12.0%
(2,165.00)
(1,535.05)
Emergency Refugee and Migration
2,276.20
0.10
100.00
+99900.0%
+99900.0%
Assistance
(2,276.10)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,404.50
1,452.50
1,666.00
+14.7%
+14.7%
Peace Corps
410.50
430.50
495.00
+15.0%
+15.0%
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
912.00
930.00
1,073.00
+15.4%
+15.4%
Inter-American Foundation
42.00
47.00
52.00
+10.6%
+10.6%
U.S. Africa Development Foundation
40.00
45.00
46.00
+2.2%
+2.2%
Dept. of the Treasury, Subtotal
105.00
90.00
112.00
+24.4%
+24.4%
International Affairs Technical Assistance
38.00
38.00
45.00
+18.4%
+18.4%
Treasury Debt Restructuring
67.00
52.00
67.00
+28.8%
+28.8%
Tropical Forest and Coral Reef

20.00

-100.0%
-100.0%
Conservation
Title IV. International Security Assistance
14,085.55
9,498.73
9,076.08
+1.5%
-4.4%
(5,186.20)
(560.00)
CRS-22

link to page 28 link to page 28
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
International Narcotics Control and Law
1,821.00
1,766.00
1,484.40
+6.7%
-15.9%
Enforcement
(430.00)
(375.00)
Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism,
1,006.20
1,026.00
921.25
0.0%
-10.2%
Demining and Related
(106.20)
(105.00)
Peacekeeping Operations
455.00
460.76
420.46
-8.7%
-8.7%
International Military Education and
112.93
112.93
125.43
+11.1%
+11.1%
Training
Foreign Military Financing
10,690.42
6,133.05
6,124.55
+1.2%
-0.1%
(4,650.00)
(80.00)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance
3,024.46
2,763.12
4,411.21
+59.6%
+59.6%
(650.00)
International Organizations and Programs
423.00
508.60
485.85
-4.5%
-4.5%
Int'l Bank for Reconstruction and
706.50
206.50
233.32
+13.0%
+13.0%
Development
Global Environment Facility
149.29
150.20
168.70
+12.3%
+12.3%
International Development Association
1,001.40
1,430.26
1,479.26
+3.4%
+3.4%
Asian Development Bank

119.38
n.a.
n.a.
Asian Development Fund
53.32
43.61
107.22
+145.9%
+145.9%
African Development Bank
54.65
54.65
54.65
0.0%
0.0%
African Development Fund
211.30
171.30
224.00
+30.8%
+30.8%
Inter-American Development Bank

75.00
n.a.
n.a.
Green Climate Fund

800.00
n.a.
n.a.
MDB Climate Trust Funds and Facilities

27.00
n.a.
n.a.
Quality Infrastructure

40.00
n.a.
n.a.
Treasury International Assistance

50.00
n.a.
n.a.
Programs
CRS-23

link to page 28 link to page 28
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
Clean Technology Fund
125.00
125.00
425.00
+240.0%
+240.0%
International Monetary Fund
102.00
20.00

-100.0%
-100.0%
International Fund for Agricultural
43.00
43.00
81.83
+90.3%
+90.3%
Development
European Bank for Reconstruction and
500.00

Development
(500.00)
Global Agriculture and Food Security
155.00
10.00
40.00
+300.0%
+300.0%
Program
(150.00)
Title VI. Export and Investment Assistance
515.29
738.08
643.86
-12.8%
-12.8%
Export-Import Bank
92.00
57.50
-38.84
-167.5%
-167.5%
International Development Finance
343.79
593.58
565.20
-4.8%
-4.8%
Corporation
Trade and Development Agency
79.50
87.00
117.50
+35.1%
+35.1%
SFOPS TOTAL, before rescissions
87,662.53
81,563.90
69,005.78
+14.1%
-15.4%
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
Rescissions, net
-2,243.78
-667.00
-273.00
-59.1%
-59.1%
SFOPS TOTAL, Net of Rescissions
85,418.75
80,896.90
68,732.78
+14.9%
-15.0%
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to
rounding.
a. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103), and emergency supplemental
funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70), and the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128).
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), and emergency supplemental
funding from the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180, Division B).
CRS-24

link to page 29 link to page 29
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular, international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement
Commission and the International Trade Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of the International Affairs Function 150 account.
Table A-2. International Affairs Budget: FY2022-FY2024
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as emergency funds)
% Change FY2024
% Change FY2024
Request from
Request from

FY2022 Actuala
FY2023 Enactedb
FY2024 Request
FY2023 Base
FY2023 Total
SFOPS, excluding Commissions
85,237.89
80,704.01
68,732.78
+14.1%
-15.4%
(29,194.30)
(21,065.00)
Agriculture
2,077.00
2,048.33
2,043.33
+2.5%
-0.2%
(100.00)
(55.00)
Food for Peace Act, Title II
1,840.00
1,800.00
1,800.00
+2.9%
0.0%
(100.00)
(50.00)
McGovern-Dole
237.00
248.33
243.33
0.0%
-2.0%
(5.00)
Commerce-Science-Justice
112.43
124.90
130.01
+4.1%
+4.1%
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
2.43
2.50
2.61
+4.2%
+4.2%
International Trade Commission
110.00
122.40
127.40
+4.1%
+4.1%
Total International Affairs (150)
87,427.33
82,877.25
70,734.00
+14.5%
-14.7%
(29,294.30)
(21,120.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2024; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not add due to
rounding.
a. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103), and emergency supplemental
funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-70), and the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128).
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), and emergency supplemental
funding from the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180, Division B).
CRS-25

SFOPS and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

Figure A-1. International Affairs Budget Components

Source: Created by CRS.
Congressional Research Service

26

SFOPS and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

Table A-3. CRS Experts, International Affairs
Area of Expertise
Name
By Agency/Sector
Development Assistance
Emily McCabe
Nick Brown
Democracy and Human Rights
Michael Weber
Development Finance Corporation
Shayerah Ilias Akhtar
Nick Brown
Diplomatic Security
Cory Gil
Export-Import Bank
Shayerah Ilias Akhtar
Family Planning/Reproductive Health
Luisa Blanchfield
Global Health Programs
Tiaji Salaam-Blyther
Humanitarian Assistance
Rhoda Margesson
International Crime and Narcotics
Liana Rosen
International Organizations/United Nations
Luisa Blanchfield
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
Nick Brown
Multilateral Development Banks
Marty Weiss
Rebecca Nelson
Peace Corps
Nick Brown
Peacekeeping
Luisa Blanchfield
Public Diplomacy
Matthew Weed
State Department Operations
Cory Gil
Security Assistance
Christina Arabia
Terrorism
John Rol ins
U.S. Agency for Global Media
Matthew Weed
U.S. Agency for International Development
Emily McCabe
Nick Brown
By Country/Region
Africa
Tomás Husted
Asia
Thomas Lum
Europe
Sarah Garding
Latin America and the Caribbean
Peter Meyer
Middle East
Jeremy Sharp
Russia and Ukraine
Cory Welt
Notes: For a list of CRS appropriations experts covering issues beyond international affairs, see CRS Report
R42638, Appropriations: CRS Experts, by James M. Specht and Justin Murray.

Congressional Research Service

27

SFOPS and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations

Author Information

Emily M. McCabe
Cory R. Gill
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy
Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service
R47579 · VERSION 1 · NEW
28