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INSIGHTi
FY2024 Agriculture Appropriations: Status
and Scope
May 9, 2023
Status of Agriculture Appropriations
The Agriculture appropriations bill—formally known as the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and
Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act—funds all of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA), excluding the U.S. Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) in the Department of Health and Human Services and, in even-numbered fiscal years, the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Jurisdiction over CFTC appropriations is in the House
Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee and the Senate Financial Services and General Government
Appropriations Subcommittee; the two subcommittees rotate carrying enacted CFTC appropriations.
Table 1 shows the status of FY2024 action on Agriculture appropriations and the previous two fiscal
years. For FY2024, the House and Senate subcommittees have held hearings on the Administration’s
request but have not marked up bills.
Table 1. Status of FY2022-FY2024 Agriculture Appropriations
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Admin.
House
Senate
Enacteda Enactedb Request Subcmte
Cmte
Floor
Subcmte
Cmte
Floor
Enacted
3/15/2022 12/29/2022 3/13/2023
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
P.L. 117-
P.L. 117-
OMB
103,
328,
Appendix
Division A Division A
USDA
FDA
Cong. Rec. Cong. Rec.
CFTC
3/9/2022, 12/20/2022
FCA
Book III
S7819
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), compiled from Congress.gov, OMB, and agency websites.
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
IN12158
CRS INSIGHT
Prepared for Members and
Committees of Congress
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Notes: OMB = Office of Management and Budget; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture; FDA = Food and Drug
Administration; CFTC = Commodity Futures Trading Commission; and FCA = Farm Credit Administration.
a. For FY2022, see also House-reported H.R. 4356 and H.Rept. 117-82, House-passed H.R. 4502 (Division B), and
Senate-reported S. 2599 and S.Rept. 117-34.
b. For FY2023, see also House-reported H.R. 8239 and H.Rept. 117-392, House-passed H.R. 8294 (Division B), and
Senate-introduced S. 4661 with unofficial explanation.
Scope of Agriculture Appropriations
The federal budget process treats discretionary and mandatory spending differently. Committees in
Congress are organized around these types of spending and their corresponding responsibilities for
authorizing and appropriating (CRS In Focus IF11032, Budgetary Decisionmaking in Congress). Federal
spending for agricultural programs relies on both discretionary spending and mandatory spending.
Discretionary spending is controlled by annual appropriations acts and receives most of
the attention during the appropriations process. Budget enforcement is through annual
budget resolutions that set spending limits. Discretionary spending typically includes
agency operations (including salaries and expenses) and grant programs. In FY2023,
discretionary Agriculture appropriations are $25.5 billion (Table 2, Figure 1).
Mandatory spending appears in appropriations acts and is usually not changed. Budget
enforcement for mandatory spending occurs during the authorization process (e.g.,
passage of legislation such as omnibus farm bills, which follow budget rules including
Pay-As-You-Go, PayGo). Mandatory spending creates funding stability for entitlement
programs compared with annual appropriations. In FY2023, mandatory agriculture
spending is $216 billion and comprises the majority of USDA and farm bill funding.
Table 2. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2022-FY2024
Budget authority in millions of dollars
FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Change from
FY2023 to FY2024
Admin. Request
P.L. 117- P.L. 117-
Admin.
Agencies and Programs
103
328
request
House
Senate
Enacted
$
%
Discretionary Accounts
Research, Education, and Economics
(Agricultural Research Service, National
Institute of Food and Agriculture, National
Agricultural Statistics Service, Economic
Research Service)
3,676
3,823
4,188
—
—
—
+364
+10%
Marketing and Regulatory Programs
(Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Agricultural Marketing Service)
1,341
1,413
1,448
—
—
—
+35
+2%
Food Safety and Inspection Service
1,109
1,158
1,290
—
—
—
+132
+11%
Farm Service Agency, Risk Management
Agency, Business Center
1,868
1,923
2,020
—
—
—
+97
+5%
Natural Resources Conservation Service
(Conservation Operations, Watershed and
Flood Prevention, Watershed Rehabilitation,
Healthy Forests, Urban Agriculture)
1,005
1,034
1,241
—
—
—
+207
+20%
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FY2022
FY2023
FY2024
Change from
FY2023 to FY2024
Admin. Request
P.L. 117- P.L. 117-
Admin.
Agencies and Programs
103
328
request
House
Senate
Enacted
$
%
Rural Development (Rural Housing Service,
Rural Business Cooperative Service, Rural
Utilities Service)
3,970
4,079
4,887
—
—
—
+808
+20%
Food and Nutrition Service (Special
Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
Infants, and Children; Commodity Assistance
Programs; Nutrition Programs Administration)a
6,610
6,647
7,038
—
—
—
+391
+6%
Foreign Agricultural Service (Food for
Peace, McGovern-Dole)
2,217
2,242
2,311
—
—
—
+69
+3%
USDA Departmental Administration and
other appropriations in General Provisions
666
578
713
—
—
—
+135
+23%
Food and Drug Administration
3,317
3,543
3,915
—
—
—
+372
+11%
Commodity Futures Trading
Commission
382
[365]
295
—
—
—
-70
-19%
Rescissions, Changes in Mandatory
Spending, Scorekeeping Adjustments
-1,139
-1,061
-545
—
—
—
+516
-49%
Subtotal, Discretionary Spending
Senate jurisdictionb
[24,738]
25,471
28,560
—
—
—
+3,089
+12%
House jurisdictionb
25,120
[25,836]
28,855
—
—
—
+3,019
+12%
Mandatory Spending Accounts
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
12,281
15,395
14,692
—
—
—
-703
-5%
Commodity Credit Corporation
14,402
16,832
11,785
—
—
—
-5,047
-30%
Section 32c
1,391
1,483
1,771
—
—
—
+288
+19%
Child Nutrition Programsa
26,884
28,545
32,031
—
—
—
+3,485
+12%
SNAP, Food & Nutrition Act Programsa
140,441
153,864
122,133
—
—
—
-31,730
-21%
Subtotal, Mandatory Spending
195,302
216,028
182,358
—
—
—
-33,670
-16%
Loan Authority
Rural Development Programs
46,208
46,870
47,456
—
—
—
-586
+1%
Farm Loan Program
10,386
10,652
10,686
—
—
—
-34
+0%
Source: CRS, using appropriations text, reports, and unpublished Congressional Budget Office (CBO) tables. For FY2024,
CRS complied amounts from the OMB Budget Appendix based on Agriculture appropriations subcommittee jurisdiction.
Notes: Amounts are nominal budget authority. Excludes supplemental appropriations, except as have been incorporated
into mandatory appropriations. SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
a. Less than $100 mil ion of the mandatory spending amounts shown in the table for the Child Nutrition Programs and
SNAP are classified as discretionary spending in the official total.
b. Bracketed amounts [] are shown for comparison and are not in the official total of the associated column due to
jurisdiction or inclusion of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Senate jurisdiction refers to the
Agriculture appropriations subcommittee bil not including the CFTC. House jurisdiction includes the CFTC.
c. Section 32 refers to the account known as Funds for Strengthening Markets, Income, and Supply.
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Figure 1. Agriculture and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY2023
Budget authority in billions of dollars
Source: CRS, Table 2.
Note: Excludes Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Related Products About Agricultural Spending
CRS Report R44606, The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)
CRS In Focus IF12193, Farm and Food Support Under USDA’s Section 32 Account
CRS In Focus IF12233, Farm Bill Primer: Budget Dynamics
CRS In Focus IF12115, Farm Bill Primer: Programs Without Baseline Beyond FY2023
Author Information
Jim Monke
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
Congressional Research Service
5
Disclaimer
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