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April 3, 2023
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations
Congress generally funds the civil works activities of the
authorized projects (i.e., similar to additional funding
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy
provided through annual appropriations). USACE allocated
and Water Development appropriations acts. These
this funding along with FY2023 annual discretionary
activities include the planning and construction of
funding, provided by Division D, in its FY2023 work plans.
authorized water resource projects and the operation and
For more information, see CRS In Focus IF12090, U.S.
maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and navigation
Army Corps of Engineers: FY2023 Appropriations.
improvements managed by USACE. USACE directly
commits funds for project planning and construction. It uses
USACE Funding in the FY2024 Request
most of its appropriations for work on specific studies and
As with previous budget requests, a majority of President
projects authorized by Congress. Nonfederal project
Biden’s FY2024 USACE request would fund maintenance
sponsors or users often share in project construction costs.
of existing infrastructure, as reflected by the share of funds
For more on the USACE appropriations process and related
requested for the O&M account (see Figure 2). The next
issues, see CRS Report R46320, U.S. Army Corps of
largest share of funding in the FY2024 budget request is for
Engineers: Annual Appropriations Process.
construction, at 28%. The Administration notes in its
request that the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
For USACE civil works, President Biden requested $7.41
(IIJA; P.L. 117-58) provided $1.05 billion in advance
billion for FY2024 (see Figure 1), which is $903 million
appropriations for FY2024—$1.00 billion for O&M
lower than FY2023 enacted annual appropriations of $8.31
activities and $50 million for coastal flood damage
billion (Division D, Title I of P.L. 117-328).
reduction construction. The Administration allocated these
supplemental funds toward eligible USACE activities in
Figure 1. Annual USACE Budget Requests and
FY2024 IIJA spend plans.
Appropriations, FY2017-FY2024
(nominal $, in bil ions)
Figure 2. USACE FY2017-FY2023 Annual
Appropriations and FY2024 Budget Request,
Percentage of Total Funds by Account
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS).
Notes: Does not reflect supplemental appropriations, including those
Source: CRS, based on appropriations laws and FY2024 request.
provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328.
Notes: ASA = Assistant Secretary of the Army; FUSRAP = Formerly
Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program; Regulatory = Regulatory
In addition to annual appropriations, Congress provided
Program; Req. = Request; WIFIP = Water Infrastructure Finance and
supplemental appropriations to USACE for FY2023 (not
Innovation Program. FY2023 does not reflect supplemental
shown in Figure 1). For more information on USACE
appropriations, including those provided by Division N of P.L. 117-
supplemental funding, see CRS In Focus IF11945, U.S.
328. Although the FY2024 request included a proposal to fund
Army Corps of Engineers: Supplemental Appropriations.
certain expenses directly from a navigation trust fund, the FY2024
Of the $1.48 billion in emergency supplemental funds from
request is shown using traditional USACE accounts.
Division N of the FY2023 enacted appropriations bill, $350
million of this amount was available for USACE to allocate
Newly funded USACE studies and projects are referred to
to construction and O&M of certain categories of
as new starts. For FY2024, the Administration requested
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations
funding for five new studies and one new construction
Congressionally Directed Funding Process
start—Cape Cod Canal Bridges, MA. Annual and
From the 112th to the 116th Congresses, moratorium policies
supplemental appropriations in the 117th Congress funded at
limited congressionally directed funding of site-specific
least 48 new studies and 50 new construction projects in
studies and projects, which are sometimes referred to as
FY2022 and FY2023.
earmarks. The 117th Congress included congressionally
directed funding for these site-specific studies and projects
Navigation Improvements, Flood Risk Reduction,
in enacted FY2022 and FY2023 appropriations (see Figure
and Ecosystem Restoration Activities
3). For these fiscal years, in addition to providing funds for
The FY2024 budget requests $3.44 billion for navigation―
the President’s requested studies and projects, Congress in
$2.36 billion for coastal navigation and harbors and $1.08
the joint explanatory statement funded (1) geographically
billion for inland and intracoastal waterways. $2.79 billion
specific studies and projects that were requested by
of the total would be for navigation O&M, of which $1.68
Members of Congress (i.e., community project
billion is to be derived from the Harbor Maintenance Trust
funding/congressionally directed spending items, CPF/CDS
Fund. The request includes $5 million for inland and
items), and (2) broad categories (referred to as additional
intercostal waterway construction, of which no funding is to
funding), such as shore protection. Congress also directed
be derived from the Inland Waterway Trust Fund. The
USACE to develop work plans to distribute the additional
FY2024 request for flood risk reduction is $1.99 billion, of
funding to individual studies and projects (as had been the
which $1.92 billion is for inland flood risk reduction
case in the 112th to the 116th Congresses).
projects (including $855 million for construction projects).
The request includes $73 million for coastal storm damage
Figure 3.USACE Funding for Site-Specific Studies and
reduction (with $2 million of this amount for construction).
Projects, FY2017-FY2023 Annual Appropriations and
For FY2024, President Biden requests $653 million for
FY2024 Budget Request
USACE aquatic ecosystem restoration efforts, of which
(nominal $, in bil ions)
$415 million is requested for Everglades restoration.
Continuing Authorities Programs and
Environmental Infrastructure Assistance
USACE may plan and construct projects of limited scope
and cost without project-specific authorizations through its
Continuing Authorities Programs (CAPs; see CRS In Focus
IF11106, Army Corps of Engineers: Continuing Authorities
Programs). President Biden’s FY2024 request includes $5
million for four of the nine authorized (CAPs). In the
enacted FY2023 annual appropriations, Congress funded
$72 million for nine CAPs.
In FY2024, the Administration for the first time requested
funding for environmental infrastructure (EI) assistance ($5
million). FY2023 annual and supplemental appropriations
for EI totaled $169 million. For more information, see CRS
Report R47162, Overview of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Source: CRS, using enacted appropriations explanatory statements
Environmental Infrastructure (EI) Assistance.
and the FY2024 budget request.
Notes: CPF/CDS = community project funding/congressional y
Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program
directed spending; Req. = Request. Continuing Authorities Programs
In 2014, the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
and Tribal Partnership Program are not included. Does not reflect
Act (WIFIA; 33 U.S.C. §§3901-3914, as amended)
supplemental appropriations, including $350 mil ion provided by
authorized USACE (and the Environmental Protection
Division N of P.L. 117-328 that USACE al ocated in FY2023 work
Agency, which operates its own separate WIFIA program)
plans along with additional funding from annual appropriations.
to provide credit assistance, in the form of direct loans or
loan guarantees, for a range of water projects. Since
For FY2024, the House and Senate Appropriations
FY2021, when Congress created a new USACE Water
committees invited Members of Congress to request
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program (WIFIP)
CPF/CDS items, respectively. Their instructions identify
account, Congress has funded the account multiple times,
USACE’s Investigations, Construction, Mississippi River
while limiting the program’s lending to nonfederal dam
and Tributaries, and O&M accounts as eligible for requests.
safety projects. USACE’s program, which is referred to as
The submission process in the House for CPF requests
the Corps Water Infrastructure Financing Program
includes certain information requirements related to
(CWIFP), may solicit its first call for preliminary
establishing a federal nexus (e.g., congressional
applications in FY2023. For FY2024, the Administration
authorization for certain USACE activities) and USACE’s
requested $2.2 million for CWIFP lending for nonfederal
spending capability in FY2024 for the activity.
dam safety projects and $5.0 million for administrative
expenses. (See CRS Insight IN12021, Corps Water
Anna E. Normand, Analyst in Natural Resources Policy
Infrastructure Financing Program (CWIFP)).
Nicole T. Carter, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy
IF12370
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2024 Appropriations
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