Transportation, Housing and Urban
December 9, 2022
Development, and Related Agencies (THUD)
Maggie McCarty
Appropriations for FY2023
Specialist in Housing Policy

The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and
David Randall Peterman
Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing
Analyst in Transportation
annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of
Policy
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.

President Biden’s FY2023 budget proposed increasing discretionary funding for THUD

agencies by 9.6% (+$7.8 billion) from FY2022 levels. The bulk of that increase was
directed to HUD (+$7.9 billion, +14.6%), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs
(+$6 billion). DOT would receive an additional $1.5 billion (+1.5%).
On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R.
8294; H.Rept. 117-402). The bill included a larger increase in overall funding for THUD agencies than the
President’s budget request, with larger increases than requested for both HUD (+16.7%, +$9.0 billion) and DOT
(+2.4%, +$2.4 billion) compared to FY2022. The text of several other appropriations bills were added to the
THUD bill and the resulting consolidated appropriations bill was passed by the House on July 20.
While the Senate never formally considered its own FY2023 THUD legislation, on July 28, 2022, the chair of the
Senate Appropriations Committee released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report
language. According to the chair, the purpose of this release was to advance negotiations toward enacting final
full-year appropriations. That same day, the chair of the THUD Subcommittee, introduced S. 4670, the
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2023, which
appeared to be identical to the draft text released by the full committee chair. This bill recommended a smaller
increase compared to FY2022 than was requested in the President’s budget for HUD (+11%, +$5.9 billion) and a
larger increase than requested for DOT (+3.6%, +$3.7 billion).
Outside of the regular appropriations process, DOT will receive an additional $36.8 billion in funding for FY2023
as a result of the supplemental funding provided in Division J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58). DOT received an additional amount in FY2022 and is scheduled to receive similar
additional amounts through FY2026.
Because final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1,
2022, Congress enacted a continuing resolution (P.L. 117-180) to maintain government operations through
December 16, 2022.

Congressional Research Service

THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual
T appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing
and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.
This report describes action on FY2023 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed
tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues.

Recent Development: Continuing Resolution
On September 30, 2022, the President signed into law the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine
Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180). It continues funding for federal programs and activities through
the earlier of enactment of final FY2023 appropriations measures on December 16, 2022. It contains several
THUD-related anomalies:

Section 153 extends through the end of FY2023 HUD’s Market-to-Market program, which was slated to be
repealed at the end of FY2022;

Section 154 allows for an increased loan volume for the Section 184A Native Hawaiian housing loan
programs so that loans can be processed during the period of the continuing resolution;

Section 155 provides $2 bil ion in emergency disaster recovery funding via HUD’s Community Development
Block Grant Disaster Relief (CDBG-DR) program, to address unmet recovery needs in communities
experiencing major disasters in calendar years 2021 and 2022;

Section 156 authorizes HUD to transfer funding from the Project-Based Rental Assistance account to the
Rental Housing Assistance account to address a funding shortfall related to the Section 236 Interest
Reduction Payment program; and

Section 157 extends the availability of funds awarded by DOT under the National Infrastructure Investment
Grants program.
For more information, see CRS Report R47283, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023 (Division A of P.L.
117-180).

FY2023 Budget Process
Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill
happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process
generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of
congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of
spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House
and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations
bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor
consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in
combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts.
The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by
the first Monday in February. However, the FY2023 budget submission was delayed until March
28, 2022.1

1 The White House, “Statement by President Joe Biden on the FY2023 Budget,” press release, March 28, 2022,
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/28/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-
fy-2023-budget/.
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The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process currently
involves procedural elements, primarily associated with the budget resolution.2 The budget
resolution limits both total discretionary spending available to the appropriations committees
(commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of each
appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”).
As of the cover date of this report, a FY2023 budget resolution has not been agreed to by the
House and the Senate. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House provided for budget
enforcement prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2023 appropriations measures by
adopting a deeming resolution, H.Res. 1151, on June 8, 2022.3 This resolution provided for
302(a) allocations to the House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on
advance appropriations,4 and allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency
requirements and other purposes. Pursuant to this resolution, the chair of the House Budget
Committee, Representative Yarmuth, published in the Congressional Record the House
Appropriations Committee allocations on June 21, 2022.5 The House Appropriations Committee
reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12 subcommittees on June 24 (H.Rept. 117-398).6
The Senate has not taken similar action to establish Senate Appropriations Committee
allocations.7
Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittee, compared to the applicable FY2022
enacted and President’s budget request figures.
Table 1. FY2023 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context
(dollars in billions)
FY2022
President’s FY2023
House
Senate
FY2023

Enacted
Request
FY2023 302(b)
FY2023 302(b)
Enacted
THUD
81.038
88.811
90.888

Totals
Source: FY2022 Enacted and President’s FY2023 Request figures taken from the Comparative Statement of
New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 503, 532.
Note: FY2022 Enacted and President’s FY2023 Request figures exclude emergency appropriations to provide
for comparability across figures.

2 In the recent past, budget enforcement had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements included
limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended (BCA; P.L. 112-25).
However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on
discretionary spending are in place for FY2023.
3 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, Deeming
Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution.
4 Advance appropriations become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the
appropriations act. The FY2023 THUD appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2024
for two HUD programs. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding,
and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations.
5 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 168, No. 105 (June 21, 2022), p.
H5731-5732.
6 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. As of the
cover date of this report, they were most recently amended on July 1, 2022, by H.Rept. 117-398.
7 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 1151, see CRS Report R47175, Setting
Budgetary Levels: The House’s FY2023 Deeming Resolution.
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FY2023 THUD Appropriations Process
President’s Budget
As noted earlier, the President’s FY2023 budget was submitted to Congress on March 28, 2022. It
included the following:
 $104.5 billion for DOT (+1.5% over FY2022), including $26.8 billion in
discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
 $61.6 billion for HUD, a $7.9 billion (+14.6%) increase in net funding over
FY2022; and
 $416 million for the related agencies, a 4.6% increase over FY2022.
House Action
On June 30, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 THUD
appropriations bill, H.R. 8294. This was preceded by THUD Subcommittee approval on June 23.
Subsequently, the text of H.R. 8294 was amended to include the text of five other appropriations
measures. The revised bill, retitled the FY2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act, was approved
by the House on July 20, 2022.
As passed by the House, the consolidated measure would provide the following:
 $105.4 billion for DOT (+$2.4 billion, +2.4% from FY2022), including $27.8
billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
 $62.7 billion for HUD (+$9.0 billion, +16.7% from FY2022); and
 $436 million for the related agencies (+$38 million, +9.5% from FY2022).
Senate Action
On July 28, 2022, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee released a chairman’s
mark for each of the 12 appropriations bills, including draft committee reports. The same day, the
chairman of the THUD Subcommittee introduced S. 4670, which contained the text of the
chairman’s mark for THUD. It would provide the following:
 $106.6 billion for DOT (+$3.7 billion, +3.6% from FY2022), including $29.0
billion in discretionary funding and $77.6 billion in mandatory funding;
 $59.6 billion for HUD (+$5.9 billion, +11.0% from FY2022);
 $419 million for the related agencies, (+$21 million; +5.4% from FY2022); and
 $1.4 billion in emergency funding for disaster recovery via HUD’s Community
Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program.

Table 2 tracks FY2023 THUD funding at the bill title level.
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Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2022-FY2023
(dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023

Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670 )
Enacted
Title I: DOT
102,947
104,455
105,393
106,635

Discretionary
26,946
26,841
27,779
29,020

Mandatory
76,002
77,614
77,614
77,614

Title II: HUD
53,694
61,554
62,673
59,608a

Title III: Related Agencies
398
416
436
419

Total Discretionary
81,038
88,811
90,888
90,495

Total Mandatory
76,002
77,614
77,614
77,614

Total
157,085
166,425
168,502
168,109

Additional Appropriations
44,536b
36,811c
36,811c
38,258d
39,811e
Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, adjusted for floor
amendments; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report released
by the Chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. Totals include both discretionary
budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT that is not
included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are excluded when
calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation.
a. Excludes $1.447 bil ion in emergency spending, shown elsewhere in this table.
b. Includes appropriations provided to DOT and HUD through the Disaster Relief Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division B, Title VII of P.L. 117-43) and Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-
58).
c. Reflects additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
d. Includes $1.447 bil ion in emergency funding for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants
proposed by S. 4670 and $36.81 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII
of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
e. Includes $2 bil ion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and
Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from
disasters declared in 2021 and 2022; $1 bil ion appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction
Act (P.L. 117-169) for “Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable
housing”; and $36.811 bil ion in additional appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the
IIJA (of P.L. 117-58).
Department of Transportation
The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for
surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the
programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways
Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and
increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust
Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general
fund money.
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Administration Budget Request
The Administration’s FY2023 budget requested a 1.5% (+$1.5 billion) increase for DOT over the
amount it received through the regular FY2022 appropriations process. Within that request, the
notable variations in funding requested compared to regular FY2022 appropriations include the
following:
 National Infrastructure Investment program: a 94% (+$725 million) increase in
funding for the RAISE grant program;
 Federal Railroad Administration: an 86% (+$625 million) increase in funding for
state rail grant programs;
 Amtrak: a 29% (+$669 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak;
 Federal Transit Administration: a 27% (+$602 million) increase in funding for
capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects); and
 Federal Highway Administration: a 2% (-$1.2 billion) decrease in funding.
House and Senate Committee Action
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.4 billion for DOT for FY2023, a 2.4%
(+$2.4 billion) increase from the FY2022 enacted amount of $102.9 billion and 0.9% (+$938
million) over the President’s request ($104.5 billion), and the House-passed bill reflected this
recommendation. Every agency within the department, save the Maritime Administration, would
receive an increase compared to FY2022. The Senate Appropriations Committee chair’s draft
proposed a 3.6% (+$3.7 billion) increase over FY2022, which would be 2.1% more than the
President’s request. Details are provided in Table 3.
Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
DOT
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)
National infrastructure investment
775
1,500
775
1,090

(RAISE/BUILD/TIGER)
Cyber Security Initiatives
39
48
48
48

Payments to air carriers (Essential Air
350
369
355
369

Service)a
Thriving Communities Initiative
25
111
100
25

Electric Vehicle Fleet
—
16
11
16

All other accounts
258
295
293
301

Total, OST
1,447
2,339
1,582
1,844

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Operations
11,414
11,934
11,870
11,901

Facilities & equipment
2,893
3,015
2,900
3,060

Research, engineering, and development
249
261
261
266

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FY2023
Chairman’s
DOT
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport
3,350
3,350
3,350
3,350

Improvement Program) (limitation on
obligations)
Airport Discretionary Grants
554
—
273
517

Total, FAA
18,460
18,559
18,653
19,094

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on
58,212
59,504
59504
59,504

obligations + exempt contract authority)
Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding
2,445
—
1,755
3,160

Total, FHWA
60,657
59,504
61,259
62,664

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor carrier safety operations and programs
360
368
368
368

Motor carrier safety grants to states
496
506
506
506

Total, FMCSA
856
874
874
874

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Operations and research
393
470
427
407

Highway traffic safety grants to states
774
795
795
795

(limitation on obligations)
Total, NHTSA
1,167
1,265
1,222
1,202

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety and Operations
241
254
250
254

Railroad Research and Development
43
58
47
44

Federal-state Partnership for State of
100
555
555
200

Good Repair
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and
625
500
630
535

Safety Improvements
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
—
245
—
—

Restoration and Enhancement grants
—
50
—
—

Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants
875
1,200
882
1,135

National Network
1,457
1,800
1,463
1,466

Subtotal, Amtrak grants
2,331
3,000
2,345
2,601

Rescission
-15
—
-2
—

Total, FRA
3,325
4,662
3,826
3,634

Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Formula Grants (mandatory)
13,355
13,634
13,634
13,634

Transit Infrastructure Grants
504
200
646
527

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FY2023
Chairman’s
DOT
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Transit Research
—
30
—
—

Technical Assistance and Training
8
8
8
8

Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,248
2,850
3,012
2,511

Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area
150
150
150
150

Transit Authority
Rescission
-7
—
—
-7

Total, FTA
16,258
16,872
17,450
16,830

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
38
39
42
38

Corporation
Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Maritime Security Program
318
318
318
318

Cable Security Fleet
10
—
10
10

Tanker Security Program
60
60
60
60

Operations and Training
172
192
192
245

State Maritime Academy Operations
233
78
78
121

Assistance to Small Shipyards
20
20
20
25

Ship Disposal
10
6
6
10

Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3
3
3
3

Port Infrastructure Development Program
234
230
300
234

Total, MARAD
1,251
840
987
959

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Subtotal
279
292
289
294

Emergency preparedness grants (mandatory)
28
47
28
28

Offsetting user fees
-155
-159
-159
-165

Total, PHMSA
307
339
317
322

Office of Inspector General
103
108
108
108

DOT Totals
Appropriation (discretionary funding)
27,163
26,908
27,821
29,087

Limitations on obligations (mandatory)
76,002
77,614
77,614
77,614

Subtotal—new funding
102,969
104,522
105,762
106,701

Rescissions
-218
-67
-42
-67

Net new discretionary funding
26,946
26,841
27,779
29,020

Net new budget authority
102,947
104,455
105,393
106,635

Additional appropriations (emergency)b
44,536
36,811
36,811
36,811

Net new budget authority
147,483
141,266
142,204
143,446

(incl. additional appropriations from
P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58)
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Sources: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request, and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 501-532, adjusted
for floor amendments; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from S. 4670 and the draft committee report
released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.
a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees; this
additional funding is not reflected in this table. For FY2022, those fees were expected to provide an
additional $116 mil ion to the program. Due to the pandemic’s effects on aviation, the Administration’s
FY2023 estimate for overflight fees is down to $81 mil ion; the House estimated a higher amount ($122
mil ion), which combined with the recommended appropriation would provide a total of $477 mil ion for
the program. The Senate draft bil recommended the Administration’s requested appropriation and
estimated fee amount, which combined would provide a total of $450 mil ion.
b. In FY2022, DOT received supplemental appropriations from the Disaster Relief Supplemental
Appropriations Act, FY2022 (Division B, P.L. 117-43) and in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
Title VIII appropriated a total of $184.1 bil ion for DOT in FY2022, but divided that total into five equal
portions, to be made available to DOT annually over the period of FY2022-FY2026; $36.811 bil ion is the
amount available in FY2023.
Selected DOT Issues
Additional Funding for FY2023 Provided in the IIJA
DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J,
Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; commonly referred to
as the bipartisan infrastructure law or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were
divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization
period (FY2022-FY2026) for DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. That $36.8
billion in annual supplemental funding equals slightly over one-third of the FY2023 funding
recommended for DOT in the THUD FY2023 appropriations bills. For some agencies within
DOT, this additional funding represents a relatively small addition to the FY2022 regular
appropriated amount (e.g., 16% (+$9.5 billion) for FHWA, 26% (+$4.3 billion) for FTA); for
other agencies, the additional funding is greater than the regular FY2022 appropriated amounts
(e.g., $5 billion on top of $3.9 billion for FAA infrastructure accounts, $13.2 billion on top of
$725 million for FRA state rail grants). Table 4 shows the distribution of the supplemental
funding available to DOT during FY2023.
Table 4. FY2023 Department of Transportation Funding Provided in the IIJA,
Outside the FY2023 THUD Appropriations Act
(dollars in millions)
DOT Accounts
FY2023
Office of the Secretary (OST)

National Infrastructure Investments
$2,500.0
Safe Streets and Roads for All grants
1,000.0
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants
200.0
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program
100.0
Total OST
3,800.0
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Facilities and Equipment
1,000.0
Airport Infrastructure Grants
3,000.0
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DOT Accounts
FY2023
Airport Terminal Program
1,000.0
Total FAA
5,000.0
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Highway Infrastructure Program
9,454.4
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program
10.0
Motor Carrier Safety Grants
124.5
Total FMCSA
134.5
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Crash Data
150.0
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs
109.7
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs
62.0
Total, NHTSA
321.7
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements
1,000.0
Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak
1,200.0
National Network Grants to Amtrak
3,200.0
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
600.0
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants
7,200.0
Total FRA
13,200.0
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Transit Infrastructure Grants
2,050.0
Capital Investment Grants
1,600.0
All Stations Accessibility Program
350.0
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program
50.0
Ferry Service for Rural Communities
200.0
Total FTA
4,250.0
Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Port Infrastructure Development Program
450.0
Total MARAD
450.0
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program
200.0
Total Other Appropriations
$36,810.6
Source: H.Rept. 117-402 accompanying H.R. 8294, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 521-532.
Note: These funds were provided in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Overview
HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed
primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other
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special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership.8 The largest share of HUD’s
budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-
based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811; and public housing. These
programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income
recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.
Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments
finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income
families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Indian Housing Block
Grant program (also called the Native American Housing Block Grant program).
Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons
(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency
Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing
Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing
enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard
identification and remediation.
HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to
homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings
containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured
mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds.
Agency Funding
Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in
the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD
programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in
some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides budget authority
via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of that budget
authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is generally
reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government National
Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent, other
collections and rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also effectively offset the cost of the
HUD budget. The gross budget authority provided to HUD, minus savings from offsets and
rescissions, is the net budget authority total used for budget enforcement purposes.

8 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal
Housing Assistance Programs and Policy.
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FY2023 HUD Appropriations
Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
HUD Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Appropriations

Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.)
1,588
1,796
1,800
1,767

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8

27,370
32,130
31,043
30,182
Housing Choice Vouchers)a
Voucher Renewals (non-add)
24,095
26,234
26,184
26,184

Administrative Fees (non-add)
2,410
3,014
2,756
2,802

Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing

(VASH) incremental vouchers (non-add)
50
0
50
85b
Family Unification Program (FUP)

incremental vouchers
30
0
30
30
Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add)
200 1,550 1,100
50

Mobility services (non-add)
25
445
25
0

Public Housing Fund
8,452
8,780
8,734
8,469

Operating Grants (non-add)
5,038
5,035
5,039
5,039

Capital Grants (non-add)
3,200
3,200
3,400
3,225

Climate Resiliency/Utility Consumption

Reduction Grants (non-add)
0
276
75
0
Choice Neighborhoods
350
250
450
250

Self Sufficiency Programs
159
175
175
200

Native American Programs
1,002
1,000
1,000
1,052

Native American Block Grants (Formula)

(non-add)
772
772
772
819
Native American Block Grants

(Competitive) (non-add)
150
150
150
150
Indian Community Development Block

Grants (non-add)
72
70
70
75
Indian housing loan guarantee
4
6
6
6

Native Hawaiian block grant
22
10
10
22

Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA)
450
455
600
468

Community Development Fund
4,841
3,770
5,299
4,818

CDBG Formula Grants
3,300
3,550
3,300
3,525

SUPPORT for Patients and Communities
25
25
25
25

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FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
HUD Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Economic Development Initiativesc
1,516
—
1,974
1,068

Competitive Economic Development
—
—
60d
—

Grants
HOME Investment Partnerships
1,500
1,950
1,675
1,725

Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative

—
—
for Community Enhancement

500
0
e
Self-Help Homeownership
63
60
65f
70

Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership

13
10
13
17
Opportunity Program
Section 4 Capacity Building
41
41
47f
43

Rural Capacity Building
5
5
5
6

Veterans Home Rehabilitation and

4
4
0
4
Modification Pilot Program
Homeless Assistance Grants
3,213
3,576
3,604
3,545g

Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)a
13,940
15,000
14,940
14,687

Contract Renewals
13,585
14,065
14,565
14,312

Contract Administrators
355
375
375
375

Service coordinators for the elderly
0
31
0
0

Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
1,033
966
1,200
1,033

Housing for Persons with Disabilities

(Section 811)
352
288
400
288
Housing Counseling Assistance
58
66
70
63

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundh
14
14
14
14

Green Retrofit for Multifamily
0
250
0
0

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

150
165
150
150
Expensesh
Government National Mortgage Assn.

35
42
35
43
(GNMA) Expensesh
Research and technology
145
145
180i
115

Fair housing activities
85
86
86
85

Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-

25
26
26
26
add)
Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-

56
56
56
55
add)
Lead Hazard Reduction
415
400
415
390

Information Technology Fund
323
382
380f
384

Inspector General
140
149
140
140

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FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
HUD Accounts
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Gross Appropriations Subtotalj
65,702
71,911
73,029
69,964

Offsetting Collections and Receipts

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-14
-14
-14
-14

FHA
-9,596
-8,236
-8,236
-8,236

GNMA
-2,363
-2,107
-2,106
-2,106

Offsets Subtotal
-11,973
-10,357
-10,356
-10,356

Rescissions

Native Hawaiian block grant rescission
-6
0
0
0

Executive and Administrative Support

-29
0
0
0
Offices rescission
Rescissions Subtotal
-35
0
0
0

Total Net Discretionary Budget

53,694
61,554 62,673
59,608
Authority
Emergency Disaster Fundingk
5,000l
0
0
1,447m
2,000n
Total w/Emergency Disaster Funding
58,694
61,554
62,673
61,055

Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for
floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from
S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/
media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding.
a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes
appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year.
b. Up to $10 mil ion of the $85 mil ion proposed for HUD-VASH in S. 4670 would be for administrative
expenses, including amounts to facilitate leasing through payment of security deposits and landlord retention
payments.
c. All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally requested projects.
d. Competitive grant funds provided under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program Account,
with authority from Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended
(42 U.S.C. §5308).
e. The House bil would include funding for a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community
Enhancement that would provide competitive funding for a range of activities in support of manufactured
housing and manufactured home communities. For additional detail, see the “New Assistance for
Manufactured Housing” section in this CRS report.
f.
Amount adjusted for floor amendment.
g. The Senate chairman’s mark proposes a set-aside of $100 mil ion in Continuum of Care program funds for
the new construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of permanent supportive housing.
h. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table.
i.
The proposal for Research and Technology in H.R. 8294 includes $20 mil ion for grants to provide legal
assistance for people facing eviction.
j.
Total includes advance appropriations.
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THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

k. Amounts presented here reflect discretionary funding for disaster recovery designated as an emergency
requirement, and thus are excluded from totals for budget enforcement purposes. Amounts presented here
do not include one-time mandatory funding provided by the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2) or the
Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169). HUD received $10.77 bil ion from ARPA and $1 bil ion from the
IRA, both in FY2022.
l.
Division B of the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43)
provided $5 bil ion in emergency supplemental FY2022 funding for HUD’s Community Development Block
Grant disaster recovery grants.
m. $1.4 bil ion would be provided for HUD’s CDBG-DR program for disaster recovery grants.
n. Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L.
117-180) appropriated these funds to CDBG-DR for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021
and 2022.
Selected FY2023 HUD Appropriations Topics
Rental Assistance Funding
Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the
rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-
market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each
year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to
smallest in terms of households [HHs] served in FY2020):
 Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million HHs);
 Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs);
 public housing (880,000 HHs);
 Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and
 Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs).9
Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross)
appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families.
It is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance, leading to
waiting lists for assistance in most communities. For many years, expansions of these programs to
serve new families were limited. For example, most new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as
incremental vouchers) that were funded in annual appropriations acts were only for homeless
veterans, via the Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-
involved families and former foster youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). This
changed in FY2021, when Congress funded the first expansion in general purpose vouchers in
nearly 20 years; and in FY2022, when Congress funded an even larger expansion.
New Housing Choice Vouchers
The President’s FY2023 budget request included $1.55 billion in the tenant-based rental
assistance account for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents stated this
would allow the program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest one-year increase in
new vouchers since the program was created. All of these new vouchers would be general

9 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Overview of Rental Assistance Programs, p. 2-1,
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf.
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THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

purpose vouchers, rather than being provided through VASH or FUP. This would be an increase
over the $200 million that was provided for new incremental vouchers in FY2022.
The House-passed bill included $1.1 billion for general purpose new incremental vouchers, which
the committee estimates would be sufficient to serve an additional 140,000 households. The bill
would also provide another $50 million for homeless veterans through VASH and $30 million for
families and youth involved in the child welfare system through FUP.
The Senate chairman’s mark also included funding for new incremental vouchers, but less than
was requested by the President, passed in the House, or funded the previous year. Specifically, it
proposed $50 million for new general purpose incremental vouchers, plus $85 million for VASH
and $30 million for FUP.
CDBG, EDI, and Section 108
The President’s budget requested $3.77 billion for the Community Development Fund (CDF)
account, with $3.55 billion in CDBG funds for entitlement communities, states, and insular areas.
The House-passed bill would include $5.29 billion in CDF funds, with $3.30 billion in CDBG
funds and $1.97 billion in congressionally directed spending under the Economic Development
Initiative (EDI). The House-passed bill would also include $60 million in competitive economic
development grants under the Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account, of
which $50 million would be specifically for shopping mall redevelopment projects.10 The Senate
chairman’s mark would include $4.81 billion for the CDF account, with $3.52 billion in CDBG
funds and $1.06 billion in EDI funding.
HOME Down Payment Assistance Set-Aside Proposal
The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) provides formula funding to states, local
governments, and insular areas that can be used for a range of eligible affordable housing
activities that benefit low-income households. The President’s budget requested up to $100
million in HOME funding for a new initiative titled FirstHOME Downpayment Assistance that
would provide funds to states and insular areas for assistance to homebuyers. (While homebuyer
assistance is currently one of several eligible use of HOME funds, FirstHOME would be a set-
aside of HOME funds to be used specifically for homebuyer assistance.11) The House-passed bill
would include up to $50 million for FirstHOME down payment assistance. The appropriations
language requested by HUD and included in the House-passed bill would leave HUD with broad
discretion in how to implement the program, although both the HUD budget justifications and the
House committee report indicate that the funding would be intended to support first-time, first-
generation homebuyers.12 The Senate chairman’s mark does not include funding for FirstHOME
down payment assistance.

10 The Community Development Loan Guarantees Program account typically sets the maximum loan commitments
under the HUD Section 108 Loan Guarantee program. Section 108(q) of the Housing and Community Development
Act of 1974, as amended, also authorizes the provision of grants related to Section 108 loan funded projects (42 U.S.C.
§5308). In the past, Congress has used this authority to fund competitive grants under the EDI and the Brownfields
Economic Development Initiative.
11 For several years in the 2000s, Congress provided a set-aside of HOME funding to be used for down payment
assistance and certain other homebuyer assistance through the American Dream Downpayment Initiative (ADDI). For
more information on ADDI, see Appendix A of CRS Report R40118, An Overview of the HOME Investment
Partnerships Program.
12 See HUD’s FY2023 Congressional Budget Justifications, p. 18-2, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/
2023_CJ_Program_-_HOME_updated.pdf, stating that the initiative would aim “to support sustainable homeownership
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New Assistance for Manufactured Housing
The House committee report includes language discussing the importance of manufactured
housing as a source of affordable housing and certain challenges faced by residents of
manufactured homes or manufactured home communities.13 In response to some of these
challenges, the House-passed bill would provide $500 million to support manufactured housing
through a new Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement. The
funding would be for competitive grants to support the preservation and revitalization of
manufactured housing and eligible manufactured home communities. Eligible grantees would
include states, local governments, resident-owned manufactured housing communities,
cooperatives, nonprofits, community development financial institutions (CDFIs), Indian tribes or
their tribally designated housing entities (TDHEs), or other entities approved by the Secretary of
HUD. Grant funds could be used for a range of eligible activities, including infrastructure,
planning, resident and community services, resiliency activities, and other assistance, such as land
and site acquisition. Of the $500 million in the House-passed bill, $50 million would be for a
pilot program to help redevelop manufactured home communities as affordable replacement
housing.
CDBG-DR Authorization
Title V of the Senate chairman’s mark includes the text of S. 2471, the Reforming Disaster
Recovery Act. It would establish the Office of Disaster Management and Resiliency within HUD,
to oversee disaster preparedness and response in the department, and manage inter- and intra-
agency coordination. The act would permanently authorize CDBG-DR as a standing program
under which HUD could establish a standardized regulatory structure.14 It would also establish
the Long-Term Disaster Recovery Fund to provide for CDBG-DR grant assistance and program
administration.
NAHASDA Reauthorization
Title VI of the Senate chairman’s mark includes the text of S. 2264, the Native American Housing
Assistance and Self-Determination Reauthorization Act of 2021. It would reauthorize certain
programs authorized under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act
(NAHASDA); namely, the Indian Housing Block Grant and Native Hawaiian Housing Block
Grant, as well as the Section 184 Indian Housing Loan Guarantee and Section 184A Native
Hawaiian Loan Guarantee programs. In addition, it would make certain changes to NAHASDA
programs and include other provisions related to housing assistance for tribes.

among first-generation, first-time homebuyers,” and H.Rept. 117-402, pp. 144-145, stating that “the Committee
includes up to $50,000,000 for down payment assistance to support sustainable homeownership among first-generation,
first-time homebuyers.”
13 See H.Rept. 117-402, p. 114-115. In addition to the funding that the House-passed bill would provide for the
Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for Community Enhancement, the House committee report otherwise
addresses manufactured housing in various ways. These include directing HUD to conduct a review of its programs that
can be used for activities related to manufactured housing and directing that $2.5 million in technical assistance funding
provided in the Policy Development and Research account be used in support of manufactured housing (see page 161
of the committee report).
14 The President’s FY2023 budget also supported the authorization of CDBG-DR.
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THUD Related Agencies
As shown in Table 6, most of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received
level or increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2023 budget request.
The largest dollar increases were proposed for the National Transportation Safety Board (+$8
million, +7%) and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation/Neighborworks (+$4 million,
+2%). The House-passed legislation proposed increases above the President’s request for several
agencies, including $15 million more for the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation relative to
the President’s budget. The Senate chairman’s mark largely matched the President’s request,
although it included more for the Federal Maritime Commission (+$3 million compared to the
President’s request) and less for the Interagency Council on Homelessness (matching the FY2022
enacted level).
Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2022-FY2023 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions)
FY2023
Chairman’s
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Mark
FY2023
Related Agency
Enacted
Request
House
(S. 4670)
Enacted
Access Board
10
10
10
10

Federal Maritime Commission
33
35
38
38

National Railroad Passenger
Corporation (Amtrak) Office
26
28
28
28

of Inspector General
National Transportation
Safety Board
121
129
129
129

Neighborhood Reinvestment
Corporation
166
170
185
170

(NeighborWorks)
Surface Transportation Board
39
41
42
41

Offsetting Col ections
-1
-1
-1
-1

U.S. Interagency Council on
Homelessness
4
5
5
4

Total
398
416
436
419

Source: FY2022 Enacted, FY2023 President’s Request and FY2023 House figures are taken from the
Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 117-402, p. 532, adjusted for
floor amendments, as well as congressional budget justifications; FY2023 Chairman’s Mark figures are taken from
S. 4670 and the draft committee report released by the chairman at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/
media/doc/THUDFY23RPT.pdf.
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding.

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THUD: FY2023 Appropriations

Author Information

Maggie McCarty
David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Housing Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
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