National Statuary Hall Collection: Background
September 7, 2022
and Legislative Options
Jacob R. Straus
The National Statuary Hall Collection, located in the U.S. Capitol, comprises 100 statues
Specialist on the Congress
provided by individual states to honor persons notable for their historic renown or for

distinguished services. The collection was authorized in 1864, at the same time that Congress
R. Eric Petersen
redesignated the hall where the House of Representatives formerly met as National Statuary Hall.
Specialist in American
The first statue, depicting Nathanael Greene, was provided in 1870 by Rhode Island. The
National Government
collection has consisted of 100 statues—two statues per state—since 2005, when New Mexico

sent a statue of Po’pay. At various times, aesthetic and structural concerns necessitated the
relocation of some statues throughout the Capitol. Today, some of the 100 individual statues in

the National Statuary Hall Collection are located in the House and Senate wings of the Capitol,
the Rotunda, the Crypt, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Legislation to increase the size of the National Statuary Hall Collection was introduced in several Congresses. These
measures would permit states to furnish more than two statues or allow the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories to
provide statues to the collection. None of these proposals were enacted.
Should Congress choose to expand the number of statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection, the Joint Committee on the
Library (JCL), other congressional officials, and the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) may need to address statue location to
address aesthetic, structural, and safety concerns in National Statuary Hall, the Capitol Visitor Center, and other areas of the
Capitol.
This report provides historical information on the National Statuary Hall Collection and National Statuary Hall. It examines
the creation, design, placement, and replacement of statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection. The report then discusses
recent legislative proposals to increase the size of the National Statuary Hall Collection.
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National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options

Introduction
The U.S. Capitol is home to extensive art collections. These collections are considered by
Congress as “an integral part of the history of this renowned building.”1 Perhaps the most
prominent collection is the National Statuary Hall Collection, which contains statues of notable
citizens provided by each state. First authorized in 1864, today, the National Statuary Hall
Collection contains 100 statues throughout the Capitol. Today, 35 collection statues are displayed
in National Statuary Hall.2 The rest of the National Statuary Hall Collection is displayed in the
House and Senate wings of the Capitol, the Rotunda, the Crypt, and the Capitol Visitor Center
(CVC).3
Collection statues—chosen by the states to honor prominent citizens—are furnished to Congress
for display in the Capitol. In the 106th Congress (1999-2000), for the first time, states were
allowed to replace a statue previously donated to the National Statuary Hall Collection.4 In past
Congresses, legislation has been introduced to alter the size of the collection by allowing each
state to contribute three statues instead of two or allow the District of Columbia and the U.S.
territories to provide one statue each.5
Establishing the National Statuary Hall Collection
On January 6, 1864, Representative Justin Morrill introduced a resolution, which was agreed to
by voice vote, requesting that the House Committee on Public Buildings examine the possibility
of using the Old Hall of the House of Representatives to display statues.
Resolved, That the Committee on Public Buildings be requested to examine and report as
to the expediency of setting apart the old hall of the House of Representatives as a hall for
statuary; and also as to the cost of a new flooring and bronze railing on each side of the
passage-way through the hall, preparatory to the reception of such works of arts.6
On April 19, 1864, Representative John Hovey Rice introduced, on behalf of the House
Committee on Public Buildings, which he chaired, a joint resolution to create a statuary hall in the
Old Hall of the House and to authorize existing appropriations to repair the old House chamber.7
The resolution called for the President to “invite each of the states to provide and furnish statues
in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number each, of men who have been citizens thereof,

1 U.S. Congress, House Joint Committee on the Library, Art in the United States Capitol, prepared by the Architect of
the Capitol, 91st Cong., 2nd sess., H.Doc. 91-368 (Washington: GPO, 1976), p. ix.
2 The House generally met in the Old Hall from 1807 until the completion in 1857 of the present House wing of the
Capitol. One other statue is on display in National Statuary Hall that is not part of the National Statuary Hall
Collection. In 2005, Congress commissioned a statue to honor Rosa Parks (P.L. 109-116, 119 Stat. 2524 (2005)). The
statue was dedicated and placed in Statuary Hall in 2013. For more information, see U.S. Congress, Architect of the
Capitol, “Rosa Parks Statue,” at https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/rosa-parks-statue.
3 The location of statues in the collection is available from the Architect of the Capitol, at https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-
hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/nsh-location.
4 P.L. 106-554, §1(a)(2), 114 Stat. 2763A-119 (2000).
5 Current statutory requirements for statues placed in National Statuary Hall can be found in Title 2 United States Code
2131, 2131a, and 2132.
6 U.S. Congress, Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 83rd Cong. 1st sess., January 6, 1864
(Washington: GPO, 1863), p. 108.
7 Rep. John Rice et al., “The Old House Hall,” House debate, Congressional Globe, vol. 34, part 2 (April 19, 1864), pp.
1736-1737.
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illustrious in their historical renown or distinguished for their civic or military services, such as
each State shall determine are worthy of national remembrance.”8 The joint resolution passed the
House by a vote of 87 to 20 and was referred in the Senate to the Committee on Public Buildings
and Grounds,9 where it was reported without amendment and with the recommendation that it
“ought not to pass.”10 The Senate took no further action on the joint resolution.
Subsequently, in June 1864, during House consideration of a civil appropriations bill,
Representative Thaddeus Stevens offered an amendment similar to the joint resolution previously
passed by the House.11 The amendment was agreed to in the House,12 but was removed from the
bill when it was considered in the Senate.13 The proposed language was restored in conference
committee, and it stated
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That a marble floor, similar to that of the Congressional
Library or the Senate vestibule, shall be constructed in the old Hall of the House of
Representatives, using such marble as may be now on hand and not otherwise required,
and that suitable structures and railings shall be therein erected for the reception and
protection of statuary, and the same shall be under the supervision and direction of the
Commissioner of Public Buildings; and so much of the moneys now or heretofore
appropriated for the capitol extension as may be necessary, not exceeding the sum of fifteen
thousand dollars, is hereby set apart and shall be disbursed for the porse [purposes]
hereinbefore mentioned. And the President is hereby authorized to invite each and all the
States to provide and furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for
each state, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their
historic renown or from distinguished civic or military services, such as each state shall
determine to be worthy of this national commemoration; and when so furnished the same
shall be placed in the old hall of the House of Representatives, in the capitol of the United
States, which is hereby set apart, or so much thereof as may be necessary, as a national
statuary hall, for the purposes herein indicated.14
The first statue in the collection, depicting Nathanael Greene, was provided by Rhode Island in
1870. As the Union grew, the number of statues in the collection increased; by 1933, the hall held
65 statues, some of which stood three deep. Aesthetic and structural concerns necessitated the

8 Ibid., p. 1736.
9 Ibid., p. 1737.
10 U.S. Congress, Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 83rd Cong. 1st sess., April 25, 1864
(Washington: GPO, 1863), p. 366.
11 Rep. Thaddeus Stevens, “Civil Appropriations Bill,” House debate, Congressional Globe, vol. 34, part 4 (June 20,
1864), pp. 3106-3107.
12 U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Library, Legislation Creating the National Statuary Hall in the Capitol, 64th
Cong., 2nd sess. (Washington: GPO, 1916), p. 12.
13 “Civil Appropriations Bill,” Senate debate, Congressional Globe, vol. 34, part 4 (June 24, 1864), p. 3225.
14 13 Stat. 347, July 2, 1864. Authority over the Capitol Building and Grounds was transferred to the Architect of the
Capitol in 1876 (19 Stat. 147 (1876). For more information on the creation of National Statuary Hall, see U.S.
Congress, Joint Committee on the Library, Legislation Creating the National Statuary Hall in the Capitol: With the
Proceedings in Congress Relating to the Statues Placed in the National Statuary Hall by the States, prepared by H.A.
Vale, 64th cong., 2nd sess. (Washington: GPO, 1916), pp. 5-17.
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relocation of some statues throughout the Capitol.15 The collection reached 100 statues in 2005
when New Mexico, which became a state in 1912, added the statue of Po’pay.16
Statues in the Collection: Design, Placement, and
Replacement
Pursuant to the July 1864 civil appropriations bill, each state may donate up to two statues for
inclusion in the National Statuary Hall Collection. Statues donated to the collection are to be
made of “marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who
have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic or
military services.”17
Statue Design and Placement Guidelines
Statues donated to the collection must be formally accepted by the Joint Committee on the
Library (JCL).18 To assist states, the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) has published guidelines,
which are subject to modification by the JCL, for creating statues for the collection. The
guidelines address numerous aspects of statuary design, including subject, material, pedestal,
inscriptions, size and weight, patina and coating, and other considerations.19
Additionally, the AOC, upon the approval of
Statue Design and Placement
the JCL with the advice of the Commission of
Guidelines
Fine Arts as requested,20 is authorized and
Specific requirements and guidelines for statue design
directed to locate or relocate collection statues
and placement are available from the Architect of the
within the Capitol.21 The AOC, under the
Capitol, at https://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/
JCL’s guidance, established a nine-step
statue_replacement_guidelines_2014.pdf.

15 National Statuary Hall is the two-story, former chamber of the House of Representatives and is also called the “Old
Hall of the House.” For more information, see “Statuary Hall,” House Debate, Congressional Record, vol. 76, part 4
(February 20, 1933), pp. 4533-4534; and “Statuary Hall,” Congressional Record, vol. 76, part 4 (February 20, 1933),
pp. 4533-4534. Also, see “Statuary Hall Creaks ‘Neath the Weight of Fame,” The Christian Science Monitor, January
25, 1933, p. 1.
16 U.S. Congress, Architect of the Capitol, “Po’pay,” Capitol Campus Art, at http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/popay.cfm.
17 2 U.S.C. §2131.
18 In addition to authorities granted to the JCL in 1872, Congress in 1988 assigned responsibility to provide works of
fine art and other property for display in the Capitol to the Capitol Preservation Commission. Similar authorities were
granted to the House and Senate through the House of Representatives Fine Arts Board, Senate Commission on Art,
and Senate Committee on Rules and Administration for art in their buildings and respective wings of the Capitol. (2
U.S.C. §§2081, 2101, 2102, 2121, 2133, 2135). These parallel authorities may raise questions related to which
congressional entities might be involved in future National Statuary Hall Collection and other fine art decisions.
19 2 U.S.C. §2131. Also, see Architect of the Capitol, Procedure for Admission of Statues to Statuary Hall, p. 1. A copy
of this document is available to congressional clients from the authors upon request. Other considerations include
requirements that statues and pedestals not be safety hazards and should not include sharp or protruding elements.
20 The Commission of Fine Arts was created by Congress in 1910. The commission advises Congress, the President,
and heads of departments and agencies on the location of statues, fountains, and monuments in public spaces in the
District of Columbia; selection of models and artists for statues, fountains, and monuments erected under the authority
of the federal government; and responds to questions of art, when required. A 2002 revision of the law states that the
commission’s responsibilities do “not apply to the Capitol Building and the Library of Congress buildings,” suggesting
it no longer has a role in decisions regarding the location of the collection within the Capitol. See 40 U.S.C. §9102.
21 H.Con. Res. 47 (72nd Congress), agreed to February 24, 1933. Statutory authority was enacted in 2000, 2 U.S.C.
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process for the acceptance of a new or replacement statue. This process is part of the statue design
and placement guidelines.
Replacement of Statues
Since 2000, states have been allowed to replace statues donated to the collection. Regulations for
the replacement of statues were established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001.22 In
2005, Congress enacted a requirement that an individual depicted on a statue displayed in the
National Statuary Hall Collection must be deceased for at least 10 years.23 To replace a statue, a
state must
 request—through the approval of a resolution adopted by the state legislature and
signed by the governor—in writing, approval from the Joint Committee; and
 ensure that the statue to be replaced has been displayed in the collection for at
least 10 years.24
Upon the Joint Committee’s approval of the replacement request, the AOC is authorized to enter
into an agreement with the state, subject to any conditions imposed by the Joint Committee. Once
accepted, the state is responsible for paying all related costs, including the design, construction,
transportation, and placement of the new statue, the removal and transportation of the statue being
replaced (back to the state or other location determined by the state legislature), and any unveiling
ceremony.25
Since the authorization of replacements within the collection in 2000, nine states (Alabama,
California, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Arizona, Ohio, and Nebraska) have sent a
replacement statue. A list of statues replaced in the collection can be found in Appendix B.
Proposals to Expand the Collection
Legislation to increase the size of the collection might fall into two categories. The first would
increase the number of statues that states are permitted to donate, from a maximum of two per
state to three per state. The second would permit the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories
to contribute one or more statues to the collection.
Expansion of Permitted Statues Per State
Since the redesignation of the Old Hall of the House as National Statuary Hall in 1864, each state
has been allowed to place two statues in the collection. Supporters of providing a third statue per
state argue that additional statues could provide an opportunity to increase the diversity of the

§2132(e).
22 This section is based on P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763A-119 (2000), codified at 22 U.S.C. §2132, and other sources
as noted.
23 2 U.S.C. §2131a (a).
24 The Joint Committee on the Library may waive the 10-year requirement for cause at the request of the state, 2 U.S.C.
§2132.
25 For example, see the State of Iowa’s account of the replacement of a statue of James Harlan with a statue of Dr.
Norman E. Borlaug in 2014, at https://iowaculture.gov/iowa-culture/special-projects/iowa-nshc/borlaug-statue-project.
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collection, which currently includes 18 statues of women or minorities.26 Several proposals have
been introduced since the 1990s to provide a third statue to each state.27
If Congress were to authorize an additional statue per state, states would be able, but not be
required, to add statues to the collection. Increasing the collection by up to 50 statues may take
some time, as states debate who might be honored, approve their selections, request JCL
approval, raise funds, and commission artists to create new statues.
Should the National Statuary Hall Collection expand to more than 100 statues, space for the
additional statues in the Capitol complex could become an issue. Currently, collection statues are
located in the Rotunda, the Crypt, the House wing of the Capitol in National Statuary Hall, the
Hall of Columns, and adjacent to the House chamber, the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the
CVC. When the CVC opened in 2008, collection statues were moved to Emancipation Hall and
other CVC locations to reduce the number of statues in National Statuary Hall and other Capitol
locations. The addition of 50 or more statues might require the AOC to place statues closer
together in those locations. If more statues are placed in National Statuary Hall itself, some
display and structural concerns that have arisen in the past may be revisited.
Statues for the District of Columbia and U.S. Territories
Measures to authorize the District of Columbia and the territories to provide statues for the
National Statuary Hall Collection have been introduced since at least the 93rd Congress (1973-
1974). These bills generally would “provide authority for the District of Columbia to place two
statues in Statuary Hall of the Capitol.”28
In the 111th Congress (2009-2010), for the first time, legislation to allow statues from the District
of Columbia and the territories passed the House. These bills were H.R. 5493, introduced by
Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton to provide for statues from the District of Columbia; and H.R.
5711, introduced by Delegate Eni F. H. Faleomavaega to provide statues for the U.S. territories.
In July 2010, the Committee on House Administration held a markup on both bills. After
defeating an amendment to merge the bills offered by then-ranking member Representative Dan
Lungren, the committee reported both bills.29

26 U.S. Congress, Architect of the Capitol, “How Many Women are Represented in the National Statuary Hall
Collection,” Capitol Hill Facts, at https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/capitol-hill-facts; and Rep. Stephen
Cohen, “Support More Diversity in the United States Capitol,” remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 157, (March 30, 2011), p. H2049.
27 For example, see H.R. 3368 (103rd Congress), introduced October 26, 1993; and H.R. 1289 (112th Congress),
introduced March 31, 2011.
28 S. 566 (94th Congress), introduced February 5, 1975. See also S. 3678 (93rd Congress), introduced June 20, 1974.
“Introduction of Bill and Joint Resolutions,” Congressional Record, vol. 121, part 2 (February 5, 1975), p. 2447.
Similar legislation to authorize the District of Columbia and territories to provide statues to the collection was
introduced in the 99th Congress (H.R. 3778) and the 109th Congress (H.R. 4070). H.R. 4070 would have provided the
District of Columbia and each territory with one statue in the collection.
29 U.S. Congress, Committee on House Administration, Markup of H.R. 5493, H.R. 5711, H.R. 5681, H.R. 5682, H.R.
5717, and Two Committee Resolutions, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., July 14, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), pp. 31-48; U.S.
Congress, Committee on House Administration, To Provide for the Furnishing of Statues by the District of Columbia
for Display in Statuary Hall in the United States Capitol, report to accompany H.R. 5493, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., July
22, 2010, H.Rept. 111-561 (Washington: GPO, 2010); and U.S. Congress, Committee on House Administration,
Providing for the Furnishing of Statues by the Territories of the United States for Display in Statuary Hall in the
United States Capitol, report to accompany H.R. 5711, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., July 30, 2010, H.Rept. 111-583
(Washington: GPO, 2010).
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Between the reporting of H.R. 5493 and H.R. 5711 by the Committee on House Administration
and the consideration of these bills in the House, Representative Robert Brady, then-chair of the
panel, helped negotiate a merger of the bills. Subsequently, H.R. 5493 was debated in the House
with an amendment that would have permitted the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories to
place statues in the collection. The bill passed the House, as amended, under suspension of the
rules.30 In the Senate, the bill was referred to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration,
and no further action was taken.31
While not part of the National Statuary Hall collection, in the 112th Congress, a statue of
Frederick Douglass, was donated by the District of Columbia government and accepted by
Congress for placement in Emancipation Hall of the Capital Visitor Center.32 The statue was
officially unveiled on June 19, 2013.33
Issues for Congress
Over the past four decades, Congress has considered proposals to increase the number of statues
in the National Statuary Hall Collection. One group of legislative proposals involves adding
additional statues for each state; another would expand the collection by allowing the District of
Columbia and the U.S. territories to provide statues to the collection. If either or both options
were adopted, proponents argue that states could donate statues that better represent various
aspects of their history. Congress might also consider revising the criteria used for statues as
described in “Legislation, 117th Congress.”
Increasing the number of statues in the collection, however, could result in further space concerns
related to statue display in the Capitol. When the CVC opened, the AOC, under the JCL’s
direction, reduced the number of collection statues on display in National Statuary Hall as well as
in the House and Senate wings of the Capitol by moving them to Emancipation Hall and other
locations within the CVC. Adding additional statues to the collection might necessitate relocating
existing statues.
Any changes to the collection would likely be weighed against the potential costs to states, or if
approved, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories, who might provide new statues. In the
case of expanding the number of statues that might be added to the collection, a further concern is
whether the larger collection could be displayed in the Capitol in an appropriate manner. Other
considerations include structural, traffic management, and life safety constraints of the physical
environment.

30 “Authorizing Statues in Capitol for District of Columbia and Territories,” Congressional Record, daily edition,
House debate, vol. 156 (December 15, 2010), pp. H8492-H8495.
31 In the 112th Congress (2011-2012), Rep. Dan Lungren, then-chair of the Committee on House Administration,
reintroduced a bill that was nearly identical in language to H.R. 5493 in the 111th Congress. His bill, H.R. 3106, would
have permitted the District of Columbia and the territories to place statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection.31
Upon introduction, H.R. 3106 was referred to the Committee on House Administration. No further action was taken.
32 P.L. 112-174, 126 Stat. 1311, September 20, 2012.
33 S.Con.Res. 16 (113th Congress), May 21, 2013. In recent Congresses, legislation has also been introduced to direct
the Joint Committee on the Library to accept a statue of Pierre L’Enfant from the District of Columbia for permanent
display in the Capitol. These bills (H.R. 2837, 114th Congress; and H.R. 3213, 115th Congress) were referred to the
Committee on House Administration and did not receive further consideration.
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Legislation, 117th Congress
H.R. 8237
H.R. 8237, the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2023, provides for the removal of all
Confederate statues and busts from any publicly accessible area of the United States Capitol. The
bill additionally names three statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection—Charles Brantley
Aycock, John Caldwell Calhoun, and James Paul Clarke—to be removed.34 H.R. 8237 was
reported by the House Appropriations Committee and placed on the Union Calendar on June 24,
2022.35
H.R. 3005
H.R. 3005, a bill “To direct the Joint Committee on the Library to replace the bust of Roger
Brooke Taney in the Old Supreme Court Chamber of the United States Capitol with a bust of
Thurgood Marshall to be obtained by the Joint Committee on the Library and to remove certain
statues from areas of the United States Capitol which are accessible to the public, to remove all
statues of individuals who voluntarily served the Confederate States of America from display in
the United States Capitol, and for other purposes,” would require removal of the same statuary
described in H.R. 8237.36 Further, the bill would create a procedure for the removal of a statue
from the Capitol.37 On June 29, 2021, H.R. 3005 passed the House. On July 12, 2021, it was
received in the Senate and on May 24, 2022, it was read twice and referred to the Committee on
Rules and Administration.
If enacted, H.R. 3005 or H.R. 8237 would require the removal of statues from the current
National Statuary Hall Collection that meet the legislation’s criteria.

34 H.R. 8237, §214 (117th Congress). Additionally, the bill would require the removal of the Roger Brooke Taney bust
from the Old Supreme Court Chamber. The Taney bust is not part of the National Statuary Hall Collection.
35 U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Appropriations, Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill, 2023, 117th Cong., 2nd
sess., H.Rept. 117-389 (Washington: GPO, 2022), at https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/117th-congress/
house-report/389.
36 H.R. 3005, §3(b) (117th Congress). Additionally, the bill would require the removal of the Roger Brooke Taney bust
from the Old Supreme Court Chamber (§1(b)) and require the JCL to acquire a bust of Thurgood Marshall to be placed
in the Capitol’s Old Supreme Court Chamber (§1(c)).
37 H.R. 3005, §2.
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Appendix A. National Statuary Hall Collection
Statues
Since 2005, when New Mexico provided its second statue—Po’Pay—the National Statuary Hall
Collection has contained 100 statues. Table A-1 provides a list of statues currently in the
collection, by state, with the name of the statue and the year it was placed in the collection.
Table A-1. National Statuary Hall Collection Statues
State
Statue
Year
State
Statue
Year
Placed
Placed
Alabama
Helen Keller
2009
Montana
Jeanette Rankin
1985
Alabama
Joseph Wheeler
1925
Montana
Charles Marion
1959
Russell
Alaska
Ernest Gruening
1977
Nebraska
Julius Sterling Morton
1937
Alaska
Edward Lewis Bartlett
1971
Nebraska
Chief Standing Bear
2019
Arizona
Eusebio Kino
1965
Nevada
Sarah Winnemucca
2005
Arizona
Barry Goldwater
2015
Nevada
Patrick Anthony
1960
McCarran
Arkansas
James Paul Clarke
1921
New
John Stark
1894
Hampshire
Arkansas
Uriah Milton Rose
1917
New
Daniel Webster
1894
Hampshire
California
Father Junipero Serra
1931
New Jersey
Richard Stockton
1888
California
Ronald Wilson Reagan
2009
New Jersey
Philip Kearny
1888
Colorado
John L. Swigert
1997
New Mexico
Po'pay
2005
Colorado
Florence R. Sabin
1959
New Mexico
Dennis Chavez
1966
Connecticut
Roger Sherman
1872
New York
Robert R. Livingston
1875
Connecticut
Jonathan Trumbul
1872
New York
George Clinton
1873
Charles Brantley
Delaware
Caesar Rodney
1934
North Carolina
Aycock
1932
Delaware
John Middleton Clayton
1934
North Carolina
Zebulon Baird Vance
1916
Florida
Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune
2022
North Dakota
Sakakawea
2003
Florida
John Gorrie
1914
North Dakota
John Burke
1963
Georgia
Crawford W. Long
1926
Ohio
Thomas Edison
2016
Georgia
Alexander Hamilton Stephens
1927
Ohio
James A. Garfield
1886
Hawaii
Kamehameha I
1969
Oklahoma
Wil Rogers
1939
Hawaii
Father Damien
1969
Oklahoma
Sequoyah
1917
Idaho
Wil iam Edgar Borah
1947
Oregon
John McLoughlin
1953
Idaho
George Laird Shoup
1910
Oregon
Jason Lee
1953
John Peter Gabriel
Il inois
James Shields
1893
Pennsylvania
Muhlenberg
1889
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State
Statue
Year
State
Statue
Year
Placed
Placed
Il inois
Frances E. Wil ard
1905
Pennsylvania
Robert Fulton
1889
Indiana
Lewis Wallace
1910
Rhode Island
Nathanael Greene
1870
Indiana
Oliver Hazard Perry Morton
1900
Rhode Island
Roger Wil iams
1872
Iowa
Dr. Norman E. Borlaug
2014
South Carolina
John Caldwell Calhoun
1910
Iowa
Samuel Jordan Kirkwood
1913
South Carolina
Wade Hampton
1929
Kansas
Amelia Earhart
2022
South Dakota
Joseph Ward
1963
Wil iam Henry
Kansas
Dwight D. Eisenhower
2003
South Dakota
Harrison Beadle
1938
Kentucky
Ephraim McDowell
1929
Tennessee
John Sevier
1931
Kentucky
Henry Clay
1929
Tennessee
Andrew Jackson
1928
Louisiana
Edward Douglass White
1955
Texas
Stephen Austin
1905
Louisiana
Huey Pierce Long
1941
Texas
Sam Houston
1905
Maine
Wil iam King
1878
Utah
Philo T. Farnsworth
1990
Maine
Hannibal Hamlin
1935
Utah
Brigham Young
1950
Maryland
Charles Carrol
1903
Vermont
Ethan Allen
1876
Maryland
John Hanson
1903
Vermont
Jacob Col amer
1881
Robert E. Lee
Massachusetts Samuel Adams
1876
Virginia
(Removed from
1934
display, 2020)
Massachusetts John Winthrop
1876
Virginia
George Washington
1934
Michigan
Lewis Cass
1889
Washington
Mother Joseph
1980
Michigan
Gerald R. Ford Jr.
2011
Washington
Marcus Whitman
1953
Minnesota
Maria L. Sanford
1958
West Virginia
John E. Kenna
1901
Minnesota
Henry Mower Rice
1916
West Virginia
Francis Harrison
1910
Pierpont
Mississippi
James Zachariah George
1931
Wisconsin
Jacques Marquette
1896
Mississippi
Jefferson Davis
1931
Wisconsin
Robert M. La Fol ette
1929
Missouri
Francis Preston Blair Jr.
1899
Wyoming
Washakie
2000
Missouri
Thomas Hart Benton
1899
Wyoming
Esther Hobart Morris
1960
Source: CRS compilation from Architect of the Capitol National Statuary Hall Col ection website, at
http://www.aoc.gov/the-national-statuary-hall-col ection?capitol_hil =TRUE.
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link to page 13 National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options

Appendix B. Statues Replaced in the National
Statuary Hall Collection
Since 2000, states have been allowed to replace statues donated to the collection. Regulations for
the replacement of statues were established by the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001.38
Table B-1 provides a list of states that have replaced statues, the year of the replacement, the
original statue, and the replacement statue.
Table B-1. Replaced Statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection
State
Year
Original Statue
Replacement Statue
Kansas
2003
George W. Glick
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Alabama
2009
Lamar Monroe Curry
Helen Keller
California
2009
Thomas Starr King
Ronald Wilson Reagan
Michigan
2011
Zachariah Chandler
Gerald R. Ford Jr.
Iowa
2014
James Harlan
Dr. Norman E. Borlaug
Arizona
2015
John Campbell Greenway Barry Goldwater
Ohio
2016
Wil iam Allen
Thomas Edison
Nebraska
2019
Wil iam Jennings Bryan
Chief Standing Bear
Florida
2022
Edmund Kirby Smith
Mary McLeod Bethune
Kansas
2022
John James Ingalls
Amelia Earhart
Virginia
Pending
Robert E. Lee
Barbara Johns
(Removed from
display, 2020)
Source: CRS Compilation from Architect of the Capitol National Statuary Hall Col ection Website, at
http://www.aoc.gov/the-national-statuary-hall-col ection.

Author Information

Jacob R. Straus
R. Eric Petersen
Specialist on the Congress
Specialist in American National Government

38 This sentence is based on P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763A-119, December 21, 2000, codified at 22 U.S.C. §2132, and
other sources as noted.
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National Statuary Hall Collection: Background and Legislative Options

Disclaimer
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under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
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Congressional Research Service
R42812 · VERSION 30 · UPDATED
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