link to page 2 link to page 1 
Updated August 29, 2022
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
The United States has been a leading provider of security
Training (IMET), which has provided professional military
assistance to Ukraine, both before and after Russia renewed
education at U.S. defense institutions for Ukrainian military
its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. From 2014,
officers. Other State Department- and DOD-funded security
when Russia first invaded Ukraine, through August 24,
assistance has supported conventional weapons destruction,
2022, the United States has provided more than $15.5
border security, law enforcement training, and counter-
billion in security assistance “to help Ukraine preserve its
weapons of mass destruction capabilities.
territorial integrity, secure its borders, and improve
interoperability with NATO.” Since the start of the 2022
Table 1. Presidential Drawdowns for Ukraine,
war, the Biden Administration has committed about $12.9
FY2021-FY2022
billion in security assistance to “provide Ukraine the
#
Date Authorized
Amount
equipment it needs to defend itself.”
1
August 27, 2021
$60,000,000
FY2022 security assistance packages are being funded via
2
December 28, 2021
$200,000,000
more than $23 billion in regular and supplemental
3
February 25, 2022
$350,000,000
appropriations, including the Ukraine Supplemental
4
March 12, 2022
$200,000,000
Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103, Division N), and
the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act,
5
March 16, 2022
$800,000,000
2022 (P.L. 117-128). In total, FY2022 appropriations
6
April 5, 2022
$100,000,000
include $12.55 billion to replenish Department of Defense
7
April 13, 2022
$800,000,000
(DOD) equipment stocks sent to Ukraine via presidential
8
April 21, 2022
$800,000,000
drawdown authority; $6.3 billion for DOD’s Ukraine
9
May 6, 2022
$150,000,000
Security Assistance Initiative (USAI); and $4.65 billion in
Foreign Military Financing (FMF) for Ukraine and
10
May 19, 2022
$100,000,000
“countries impacted by the situation in Ukraine.” FY2022
11
June 1, 2022
$700,000,000
supplemental appropriations also have included funds for
12
June 15, 2022
$350,000,000
additional U.S. troop deployments to Europe.
13
June 23, 2022
$450,000,000
Overview of Programs Since 2014
14
July 1, 2022
$50,000,000
The United States has used a variety of security assistance
15
July 8, 2022
$400,000,000
programs and authorities to help build the defensive
16
July 22, 2022
$175,000,000
capacity of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) through
17
August 1, 2022
$550,000,000
train, equip, and advise efforts across multiple spending
18
August 8, 2022
$1,000,000,000
accounts. Prior to the 2022 war, the two primary accounts
were the State Department’s FMF (22 U.S.C. §2763) and
19
August 19, 2022
$775,000,000
DOD’s USAI (P.L. 114-92, §1250) (see Table 2).
Total
$8,010,000,000
Source: Department of State and Department of Defense.
USAI packages have included training, equipment, and
advisory efforts to enhance Ukraine’s defensive
Through the Joint Multinational Training Group-Ukraine,
capabilities. FY2022 appropriations also directed that USAI
established in 2015, the U.S. Army and National Guard,
funds be provided for logistics support, supplies, and
together with military trainers from U.S. allied states,
services; salaries and stipends; sustainment; weapons
provided training, mentoring, and doctrinal assistance to the
replacement; and intelligence support. Prior to FY2022, a
UAF before the war. This training mission was suspended
portion of annual USAI funds was contingent on DOD and
at the outset of Russia’s invasion. In April 2022, DOD
State certifying Ukraine’s progress on key defense reforms.
announced it would resume training Ukrainian personnel,
The United States also has been providing defense items to
outside Ukraine, specifically to operate U.S. and allied
Ukraine via Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA), by
systems. Separately, U.S. Special Operations Forces have
which the President can authorize the immediate transfer of
trained and advised Ukrainian special forces.
articles and services from U.S. stocks without congressional
Provision of Defense Equipment
approval in response to an “unforeseen emergency” (22
After Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2014, the Obama
U.S.C. §2318(a)(1)). Since August 2021, the Biden
Administration provided Ukraine nonlethal security
Administration has authorized 19 drawdowns valued at
assistance, such as body armor, helmets, vehicles, night and
over $8 billion (see Table 1).
thermal vision devices, heavy engineering equipment,
Ukraine also has received assistance pursuant to DOD’s
advanced radios, patrol boats, rations, tents, counter-mortar
security cooperation authorities, notably Building Partner
radars, uniforms, medical kits, and other related items. In
Capacity (10 U.S.C. §333) and Defense Institution Building
2017, the Trump Administration announced U.S.
(10 U.S.C. §332), and International Military Education and
willingness to provide lethal weapons to Ukraine.
https://crsreports.congress.gov
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
Table 2. Selected U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine, FY2016-FY2022
(selected account al ocations, in millions of dol ars)
FY22
FY22
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
(P.L. 117-103)
(P.L. 117-128)
Foreign Military Financing (FMF)
85.0
99.0
95.0
115.0
115.0
115.0
322.0 (obl.)*
4,000.0 (appr.)*
Ukraine Security Assistance
226.5
148.6
195.5
214.8
256.7
275.0
300.0 (obl.)
6,000.0 (appr.),
Initiative (USAI)
of which 4,495.0 (obl.)
Sources: State Department Congressional Budget Justifications, Defense Department Budget Requests, P.L. 117-103, and P.L. 117-128
Notes: *P.L. 117-103 includes $650 mil ion in FMF for Ukraine and other countries, of which about $322 mil ion was to be obligated for
Ukraine. P.L. 117-128 includes $4 bil ion in FMF for Ukraine and other countries.
and European Union (EU) members also have provided
Since 2018, Ukraine used FMF, as well as some of its
weapons and military assistance to Ukraine.
national funds, to procure U.S. defense equipment,
including Javelin anti-armor missiles and Mark VI patrol
Recent Legislation
boats purchased through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS)
Prior to and immediately following Russia’s renewed
system. Ukraine also used a combination of FMF and
invasion of Ukraine, Congress authorized or proposed
national funds to refurbish former U.S. Coast Guard Island-
increased funding levels for existing security assistance
class patrol boats provided through the Excess Defense
authorities. Congress increased the PDA (22 U.S.C.
Articles (EDA; 22 U.S.C. §2321j) program. On April 24,
§2318(a)(1)) funding cap from $100 million up to $200
2022, the State Department notified Congress of a potential
million via P.L. 117-70; up to $300 million via P.L. 117-86;
FMS sale of up to $165 million for nonstandard
up to $3 billion via P.L. 117-103; and up to $11 billion via
ammunition for Ukraine. In addition, Ukraine has
P.L. 117-128. Similarly, Congress increased a special
purchased firearms, ammunition, ordnance, and other laser,
authority (22 U.S.C. §2364) used to overcome PDA caps
imaging, or guidance equipment directly from U.S.
from $250 million to $500 million via P.L. 117-103 and up
suppliers via Direct Commercial Sales.
to $1 billion via P.L. 117-128.
According to DOD, USAI packages prior to FY2022
P.L. 117-128 requires the Secretaries of State and Defense
provided sniper rifles, rocket-propelled grenade launchers,
to report on measures being taken to account for the end-
counter-artillery radars, Mark VI patrol boats, electronic
use of U.S. weapons transferred to Ukraine. The act also
warfare detection and secure communications, satellite
requires monthly descriptions of U.S. security assistance
imagery and analysis capability, counter-unmanned aerial
provided to Ukraine since February 24, 2022, including a
systems, air surveillance systems, night vision devices, and
comprehensive list of the defense articles and services
equipment to support military medical treatment and
provided, as well as the associated authority and funding.
combat evacuation procedures.
Additionally, the Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease
In 2022, the United States has provided more advanced
Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-118) modifies provisions in the FAA
defense equipment to Ukraine, as well as greater amounts
and Arms Export Control Act to bypass bureaucratic
of previously provided equipment. According to DOD, U.S.
barriers for leasing or lending U.S. defense articles to
security assistance committed to Ukraine as of August 24,
Ukraine and neighboring countries.
2022, has included the following:
Discussion on Future Assistance
8 National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile Systems;
Since 2014, U.S. policy increasingly emphasized support
16 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS)
for the UAF’s ability to deter Russia and defend its
and ammunition;
territorial integrity. Much of U.S. assistance has been
1,400+ Stinger anti-aircraft systems;
focused on providing systems and capabilities that
Ukraine’s domestic defense industry cannot produce, as
8,500+ Javelin anti-armor systems and 27,000+ other
well as those that can be immediately deployed on the
anti-armor systems;
battlefield to increase UAF resilience and ability to sustain
700+ Phoenix Ghost Tactical UAS, 700+ Switchblade
combat operations.
Tactical UAS, and other UAS;
126 155 mm and 16 105 mm Howitzers with more than
Ukrainian officials have sought to acquire advanced
900,000 artillery rounds;
systems, including fighter aircraft, anti-ship, and additional
air defense and anti-missile capabilities. Increasingly, the
20 120 mm mortar systems and 85,000 mortar rounds;
provision of security assistance to Ukraine includes a focus
1,500 Tube-Launched, Optically-Tracked, Wire-Guided
on improving the UAF’s medium- to long-term capabilities.
(TOW) missiles, high-speed anti-radiation missiles, and
laser-guided rocket systems;
Concerns remain about the potential for escalation. In June
20 Mi-17 helicopters;
2022, the Biden Administration announced the provision to
Ukraine of more advanced HIMARS systems but without
hundreds of Armored Humvee Vehicles and 40 mine
their longest-range rockets. The Administration reportedly
resistant vehicles;
received Ukrainian assurances that the UAF will not use
200 M113 Armored Personnel Carriers;
these weapons to attack Russian territory.
10,000+ grenade launchers and small arms; and
communications and intelligence equipment.
Christina L. Arabia, Analyst in Security Assistance,
In addition, the Biden Administration authorized third-party
Security Cooperation and the Global Arms Trade
transfers of U.S. defense articles and equipment from
Andrew S. Bowen, Analyst in Russian and European
several NATO and EU members to Ukraine. Some NATO
Affairs
https://crsreports.congress.gov
U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine
IF12040
Cory Welt, Specialist in Russian and European Affairs
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
https://crsreports.congress.gov | IF12040 · VERSION 14 · UPDATED