FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO
May 26, 2022
Availability
Carol Wilson
Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President’s
Research Librarian
proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President’s submission is required on or after the

first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). At
times, the President’s submission has been delayed beyond the statutory deadline. This year the

President released the budget submission on March 28, 2022.
This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2023 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet
addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It
also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for
reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Please note that neither the Congressional Research Service (CRS) nor the Library of Congress (LOC) distributes print copies
of the budget documents.

Congressional Research Service

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

Introduction
The President’s budget for FY2023 consists of a multivolume set of materials issued by the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The materials contain information on new budget
proposals, summary tables, detailed financial information on individual programs and accounts,
economic analysis, historical data, explanations of the budget processes, and supporting
documents. Every year the President submits these materials to Congress at the start of the budget
cycle for the next fiscal year. The President’s submission is required on or after the first Monday
in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). At times the
President’s submission has been delayed beyond the statutory deadline. This year the President
released the budget submission on March 28, 2022.1
Other budget-related documents include the annual Economic Report of the President, issued by
the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Budget and Economic Outlook, an annual publication
issued by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Details on these publications are included in
this report.
The President’s Budget Documents, FY2023
Both OMB and the Government Publishing Office (GPO) provide internet access to the main and
supporting budget documents, spreadsheet files, the public budget database, and budget
amendments and supplementals proposed by the President; see http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/
budget and https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/BUDGET, respectively. OMB provides
additional summary table information on agency budgets and key issues in the form of fact
sheets.
Information on purchasing print copies of these documents appears below, along with a brief
description of the contents of each document.
The Budget of the U.S. Government, FY2023
The annual budget volume contains information, charts, and graphs pertaining to the President’s
new budget proposals and overviews of government activities by topic (e.g., “Confronting Urgent
Crises and Delivering Historic Progress” and “Building a Better America”) within the FY2023
Budget volume. Summary Tables (pp. 117-143) contain projections of budget baselines, receipts,
and outlays; deficits; debt; discretionary spending; and economic projections from FY2022 to
FY2032.
Budget of the United States Government, FY2023
(GPO stock number 041-001-00745-8, 158 pages, $24)
Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government,
FY2023
The volume includes economic, accounting, and crosscutting analyses of government programs
and activities designed to highlight specific subject areas. It also includes information on federal

1 For additional information on the origin of the requirements for and timing of the presidential budget submission,
including data on instances in which the submission has been delayed beyond the statutory deadline, see CRS Report
RS20752, Submission of the President’s Budget in Transition Years, by Taylor N. Riccard.
Congressional Research Service

1

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

receipts and collections, analysis of federal spending, detailed information on federal borrowing
and debt, baseline or current service estimates, and other technical presentations. Chapter 14,
“Aid to State and Local Governments,” contains a series of tables (pp. 205-223) that provide
selected grant and other federal assistance data by state.
The FY2023 Analytical Perspectives volume contains supplemental materials including tables
showing the budget by agency and account and by function, subfunction, and program.2 The
supplemental materials also include data on direct and guaranteed loan transactions of the federal
government. The supplemental material is available in the printed document or on the OMB
website at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/analytical-perspectives/ or the GPO website at
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/BUDGET.
(GPO stock number 041-001-00747-4, 332 pages, $33)
Appendix, Budget of the United States Government, FY2023
Designed primarily for use by the House and Senate appropriations committees, the Appendix
contains more detailed financial information on individual programs and appropriations accounts
than any of the other budget documents submitted by the President. In many presidential budget
submissions, the volume often provides the following information for agencies:
 proposed text of the appropriation language,
 budget schedules for each account,
 new legislative proposals,
 explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed, and
 proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations of entire agencies or
groups of agencies.
Typically, elements within this information are distinguished by varying font, so that, for
example, proposed appropriations (italics) and prior year funding (brackets and no italics) can be
compared at a glance:
For expenses necessary for the administration of the Department of Justice, [$119,000,000]
including the purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles, $143,264,000, of which
$4,000,000 shall remain available until September 30, 2023, and of which not to exceed
$4,000,000 for security and construction of Department of Justice facilities shall remain
available until expended. (Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2021.) 3
Since the full-year 2022 appropriations had not been enacted at the time the budget was prepared,
only proposed appropriations (italics) appear in the FY2023 Budget Appendix. For example:
For expenses necessary for the administration of the Department of Justice, $196,531,000,
of which $6,000,000 shall remain available until September 30, 2024, and of which not to
exceed $4,000,000 for security and construction of Department of Justice facilities shall
remain available until expended.4

2 The President’s FY2023 budget includes a “Glossary of Budget Terms” within the Analytical Perspectives. See
Chapter 8: Budget Concepts, pp. 110-113.
3 Department of Justice, General Administration, from page 727 of the FY2022 Budget Appendix.
4 Department of Justice, General Administration, from page 715 of the FY2023 Budget Appendix.
Congressional Research Service

2

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, FY2023
The detailed tables cover budget deficit/surplus, outlays, receipts, discretionary and mandatory
spending, federal debt, federal employment, payments for individuals, spending by function and
agency, and grants to states and local governments. The tables provide some data from 1940 (or
earlier) and estimates through FY2027. Historical data are adjusted by OMB to be consistent with
data in the FY2023 budget and to provide comparability over time.5 This year the Historical
Tables are available online in spreadsheet and PDF instead of print. The Historical Tables are
available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/historical-tables/, or at https://www.govinfo.gov/
app/collection/budget/2023.
(GPO stock number 041-001-00746-6, 1,400 pages, $62)
Economic Report of the President, 2022
This year’s annual Economic Report of the President was prepared by the Council of Economic
Advisers and submitted by the President to Congress on April 14, 2022. It presented the Biden
Administration’s economic policies and contained the annual report of the Council of Economic
Advisers. It also presented an overview of the nation’s economic progress using text and
extensive data appendices. Statistics include national income and expenditures, government
finance, population, employment, wages, productivity, prices, debt measures, corporate finance,
and international statistics. A set of the Economic Report of the President for each year from 1996
to the present is available from the GPO website at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/ERP/.
(GPO ordering information is not currently available.)
Mid-Session Review
OMB issues revised estimates of budget receipts, outlays, and budget authority in the Mid-
Session Review (MSR). The annual document is typically released in the summer following the
President’s budget submission. The FY2023 MSR is expected to be released later this year.
Agency Budget Justifications
After the President’s budget documents are released, Congress begins to hold hearings on agency
budget requests. Agencies must submit their budget justifications to the appropriations
subcommittees holding the hearings. Budget justifications generally contain more detailed
descriptions of an agency’s proposals and programs than are provided in the President’s budget
documents. As mandated by OMB in Section 22.6 of the 2006 edition of Circular A-11 and
subsequent editions, executive agencies are required to post their congressional budget
justification materials on the internet within two weeks of transmittal to Congress.6

5 In the Introduction to the Historical Tables, OMB noted, “Because of the numerous changes in the way budget data
have been presented over time, there are inevitable difficulties in trying to produce comparable data to cover many
years. The general rule is to provide data in as meaningful and comparable a fashion as possible. To the extent feasible,
the data are presented on a basis consistent with current budget concepts. When a structural change is made, insofar as
possible the data are adjusted for all years.” See Office of Management and Budget, “Introduction to the Historical
Tables,” in Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2023, p. 1, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/
BUDGET-2023-TAB/pdf/BUDGET-2023-TAB-1.pdf.
6 Each summer, OMB issues instructions to all federal executive departments and agencies on submitting budget data
and materials for inclusion in the President’s budget documents. These instructions are in a document entitled Circular
Congressional Research Service

3

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

Typically, Administration budget requests appear along with actual numbers for the previous
fiscal year. The content and structure of these submissions may vary and some materials may not
correspond exactly with the data and information provided to Congress in other fiscal years.7 A
short overview on the agency budget justification requests can be found in CRS Report R47090,
Executive Agency Justification of the President’s Budget: In Brief, by Dominick A. Fiorentino.8
Additional Comparative Budget Data by Agency
and Account
Supporting Documents
OMB produces a number of additional documents that further examine certain budgetary
categories, including the Federal Credit Supplement, which provides summary information on
certain federal loan and loan guarantee programs through a series of detailed tables; Object Class
Analysis, a report on the federal government’s obligations as broken out by object classifications;
and Balances of Budget Authority, which provides data on unobligated balances carried forward
to the start of the next fiscal year. All three documents are available online at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/supplemental-materials/.
Public Budget Database, FY2023
OMB also maintains a publicly accessible database in Excel and comma delimited format called
the Public Budget Database. The database provides account-level data on budget authority for the
years FY1976 to FY2027,9 and budget outlays and budget receipts for FY1962 to FY2026. It is
available via the OMB FY2023 Supplemental Materials website at https://www.whitehouse.gov/
omb/supplemental-materials/ and on the GPO FY2023 budget website at
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/BUDGET/. A user’s guide to the Public Budget Database
is also available in PDF format on these sites.
Congressional Budget Office
Analysis of the President’s FY2023 Budget
The CBO FY2023 Analysis of the President’s Budget is expected to be released later this year.

No. A-11: Preparation, Submission, and Execution of the Budget. Circular A-11 is available on the White House
website at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/circulars/. See Section 22.6.
7 Additional data may also be available directly from the agencies themselves via listed congressional liaison or
governmental affairs contacts in CRS Report 98-446, Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies, by
Audrey Celeste Crane-Hirsch. A listing of agencies included within each of the 12 regular appropriations bills is
available in CRS Report R40858, Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills, by Justin Murray.
8 In 2021, Congress passed legislation that, for the first time, required agencies to make available their congressional
budget justifications to all Members of Congress and the public in a centralized location. The Congressional Budget
Justification Transparency Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-40) included requirements that annual agency budget justification
materials be publicly posted on USAspending.gov, subject to OMB-developed data standards, and provided to
Congress within two weeks. Over 100 department and agency budget justification materials are now accessible via the
USAspending.gov “agency profiles” section. See USASpending.gov, “Agency Profiles,”
https://www.usaspending.gov/agency.
9 Budget authority data includes actual budget authority through FY2021 and estimates for FY2022 through FY2027.
Congressional Research Service

4

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

Budget and Economic Outlook: FY2023-FY2033
CBO’s baseline budget projections typically span 11 fiscal years in its reports. The Budget and
Economic (B&E) Outlook includes separate chapters on the economic outlook, outlays, and
receipts. The CBO Budget and Economic Outlook FY2022-FY2033 is available at
https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57950. CBO issues an annual summer update of the Budget and
Economic Outlook with adjusted projections. Prior year B&E Outlook reports and other budget
and economic information, including CBO’s monthly budget review, are available at
http://www.cbo.gov/topics/budget.
(GPO ordering information is not currently available.)
GPO Ordering Information
Printed copies of budget documents are available for purchase from GPO by the following
methods:
 online at the GPO website, at http://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/budget-economy/
federal-budgets-year;
 by telephone, (866) 512-1800 or (202) 512-1800;
 by fax, (202) 512-2104; or
 by mail (check or money order) using the GPO order form at
https://bookstore.gpo.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/15-
091_publication_and_subscription_order_form.pdf, addressed to U.S.
Government Publishing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St. Louis, MO 63197-9000.
Depository Libraries
Budget documents are often available for reference use at large public or university libraries, or
any library participating in the Federal Library Depository Program. Addresses of the depository
libraries can be obtained through a local library; from GPO’s Customer Services department,
(866) 512-1800 or (202) 512-1800; or online from the GPO website at https://ask.gpo.gov/s/
FDLD.
Websites on Budget Legislation
Congressional Staff
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has developed (for Members of Congress and their
staffs) web pages covering the budget and appropriations process.
 Appropriations and Budget Analysis. For CRS products on appropriations
status, jurisdictions, processes, current appropriations bills, and other budget-
related resources, Members and congressional staff can access the CRS website
http://www.crs.gov/iap/appropriations. The CRS Appropriations Status Table, a
table which tracks the progress of major actions related to appropriations bills, is
available at http://www.crs.gov/AppropriationsStatusTable/Index.
 CRS Products on the Federal Budget Process. Explanations of budget
concepts, terminology, congressional and executive budget process,
Congressional Research Service

5

FY2023 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability

 congressional budget timetable, budget resolutions and reconciliation, the
authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and discretionary
spending, the Budget Enforcement Act, sequestration, and surpluses/deficits are
available from the CRS website.
Public Use
The public may access Congress.gov, the Library of Congress’s legislative website. The site
includes a link to an Appropriations Status Table for the current year and several previous fiscal
years. Each table includes links to bills, committee and conference reports, and votes for the 12
regular, and any supplemental, appropriations bills for that fiscal year. The Congress.gov public
version of the Appropriations Status Table is available directly at https://crsreports.congress.gov/
AppropriationsStatusTable.

Author Information

Carol Wilson

Research Librarian

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service
R43475 · VERSION 29 · UPDATED
6