Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval
Under the Arms Export Control Act
May 6, 2022
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R47094

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Introduction
Under the Foreign Military Sales Act (FMSA) of 1968, Congress delegated authority to the
President to sell and transfer defense articles, defense services and related training to foreign
governments.1 Due to increased concern over arms sales in the 1970s,2 however, Congress
amended the FMSA in 1974 to include procedures for Congress to block proposed arms sales by
passing concurrent resolutions of disapproval, at Section 36 (22 U.S.C. §2776).3 These
procedures were later expanded under the renamed Arms Export Control Act (AECA) of 1976
and in subsequent amendments.4 In 1986, Congress amended the AECA to require enactment of a
joint resolution of disapproval to block an arms sale.5 This Fact Sheet lists the concurrent and
joint resolutions of disapproval that have been introduced under the AECA.6
This Fact Sheet is a research aid that lists, in chronological order, the concurrent resolutions
(Table 1) and joint resolutions (Table 2) of disapproval under the AECA related to foreign
military sales (FMS), direct commercial sales (DCS), commercial technical assistance, or
manufacturing licensing agreements.7 It includes pertinent information on the concurrent and

1 P.L. 90-629; 22 U.S.C. §§2751 et seq.
2 "Congress Weighs New Controls on Arms Sales," in CQ Almanac, 1975, 31st ed., 356-60. Washington, DC:
Congressional Quarterly, 1976, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal75-1214225.
3 The Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-559, §45) amended the Foreign Military Sales Act to require the
President to give Congress advance notice of any offer to sell defense items worth $25 million or more. Under the
provision, referred to as the Nelson-Bingham Amendment, the President could not proceed with a sale if Congress
disapproved of the sale within 20 days by passage of a concurrent resolution. Adopting a concurrent resolution requires
a majority vote in both chambers to take effect. It does not go to the President for his signature or veto. For more
information, see "$2.7-Billion Authorized for Foreign AID," in CQ Almanac 1974, 30th ed., 533-47. Washington, DC:
Congressional Quarterly, 1975, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal74-1221325.
4 In 1976, the AECA (P.L. 94-329, 90 Stat. 729) changed the period of time in which the President notifies Congress of
AECA activities from twenty to thirty days. It also added major defense equipment with a $7 million threshold.
Congress amended the threshold in later years. For instance, the International Security and Development Cooperation
Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-533, 94 Stat. 3131) added design and construction services with a $200 million threshold. The
International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-113, 95 Stat. 1519) changed the $7 million
threshold to $14 million and the $25 million threshold to $50 million. Additional amendments to the AECA allowed for
joint resolutions of disapproval to include commercial sales and leases of defense equipment. See also the International
Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-533, §107, 94 Stat. 3131, 3136-37), and International
Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-113, 95 Stat. 1519-21, 1524-26).
5 In 1974, when Congress amended the Foreign Military Sales Act, it also added language to provide for Congress to
adopt a concurrent resolution, with majority vote in each congressional chamber—the House and the Senate each could
consider its own resolution in concurrence with the other chamber—and no presidential signature, to block an arms
transfer. However, in 1983, the Supreme Court case ruled in I.N.S. v. Chadha (1983), otherwise unrelated to arms sales,
that the one-house legislative veto violated the constitutional separation of powers, thus, requiring Congress to send
measures to the President for signature or veto for the action to have legal force. As a result, Congress amended the
AECA in 1986 to require Congress to pass a joint resolution of disapproval (JRD), which would require a presidential
signature or a subsequent override of a likely presidential veto, to block an arms sale. If Congress does not enact a JRD,
the sale can move forward. Aside from JRDs under the AECA, Congress can also block an arms sale through other
means, by passing legislation modifying, conditioning, or permitting a sale through the regular legislative process. See,
A bill to amend the Arms Export Control Act to require that congressional vetoes of certain arms export proposals be
enacted into law (P.L. 99–247, §1(b), (c), Feb. 12, 1986, 100 Stat. 9).
6 Following enactment of amendments to the Foreign Military Sales Act in 1976 that renamed the act as the Arms
Export Control Act, several concurrent resolutions of disapproval continued to reference the Foreign Military Sales
Act, rather than the AECA.
7 FMS involve government-to-government sales of major defense items, governed under Section 36(b) of the AECA.
DCS refer to private sales between U.S. manufacturers and foreign entities, governed under Section 36(c) of the
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joint resolutions as they progressed through the legislative process, including bill number, title,
date introduced, and final status. Each bill number includes a hyperlink to the bill’s record in
Congress.gov. This Fact Sheet will be updated as legislative activity warrants.
CRS has identified 172 concurrent resolutions and 102 joint resolutions of disapproval (JRDs)
that have been introduced since amending the FMSA in 1974. Among the 274 concurrent and
joint resolutions: 243 have related to FMS, citing Section 36(b) of the AECA, and 25 have
applied to DCS, citing Section 36(c). Six JRDs refer to commercial technical assistance or
manufacturing licensing agreements (Section 36(d) of the AECA); however only two of those six
resolutions reference Section 36(d) of the AECA without also referencing Sections 36(b) or (c).8
In the tables below, resolutions in italics denote Direct Commercial Sales; resolutions in bold
denote commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements, referencing
Section 36(d) only; all others are Foreign Military Sales. CRS used Congress.gov to build the list
of the concurrent resolutions and JRDs. There may be inadvertent omissions.
As seen in Table 1, all of the concurrent resolutions were referred to their respective committees;
however, only three were released by their committees. Only one of the concurrent resolutions
received a floor vote by both chambers—H.Con.Res. 194, which objected to President Ronald
Reagan's 1981 proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of E-3A airborne warning and control system
(AWACS) aircraft, Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 refueling aircraft. The House agreed to
the resolution by a yea-nay vote of 301-111, but the Senate rejected the measure by a yea-nay
vote of 48-52. The Senate indefinitely postponed its companion measure, S.Con.Res. 37, by voice
vote on November 5, 1981. The Senate introduced numerous concurrent resolutions of
disapproval in 1976, but none was passed by either chamber.9
Only one joint resolution became public law—S.J.Res. 228, A Joint Resolution Relating to the
Proposed Sales of Arms to Jordan (P.L. 99-162). Although the public law led President Reagan to
postpone a major arms sale to Jordan at least until early 1986, Congress has never successfully
blocked a proposed arms sale via a joint resolution of disapproval.10
Table 1. Concurrent Resolutions under the AECA
(in order of introduction)
Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res. 88
Concurrent resolution expressing the disapproval of the Congress pursuant to
01/31/1975
Section 36(b) of the Foreign Military Sales Act, concerning a U.S. Army offer to
sell certain defense articles and services to Turkey.

AECA. For an overview of the AECA, including the distinctions between FMS and DCS, see CRS Report RL31675,
Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr.
8 Section 36(d) of the AECA “contains similar notification requirements, though not reporting thresholds, for
commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements. As with arms sales, Congress can block any of
these reportable transactions by enacting a joint resolution of disapproval as stipulated in the Arms Export Control Act
(AECA) (see 22 U.S.C. 2753, 2776, 2796).” See CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process,
by Paul K. Kerr.
9 "Congress Declines to Block Arms Sales." In CQ Almanac 1976, 32nd ed., 253-56. Washington, DC: Congressional
Quarterly, 1977, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal76-1189605.
10 For more information on S.J.Res. 228 (P.L. 99-162) and the arms sale to Jordan, see "Reagan Accepts Hill Delay of
Jordan Arms." In CQ Almanac 1985, 41st ed., 93-96. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1986, at
http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal85-1147306.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
S.Con.Res. 50
Concurrent resolution relating to the sale of improved Hawk Missiles and
7/11/1975
Redeye Missiles to Jordan.
H.Con.Res. 404 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of certain defense
9/23/1975
services to Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 453 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Kuwait of air-to-air
10/21/1975
missiles.
H.Con.Res. 507 Concurrent resolution disapproving certain sales of defense articles to Saudi
12/10/1975
Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 517 Concurrent resolution objecting to a proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel.
12/17/1975
H.Con.Res. 554 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-25).
H.Con.Res. 555 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-27).
H.Con.Res. 556 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter to offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-28).
H.Con.Res. 557 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter to offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-29).
H.Con.Res. 558 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-30).
H.Con.Res. 559 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-31).
H.Con.Res. 560 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain
2/19/1976
defense services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal No. 76-32).
H.Con.Res. 561 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-25).
H.Con.Res. 562 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-27).
H.Con.Res. 563 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-28).
H.Con.Res. 564 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-29).
H.Con.Res. 565 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-30).
H.Con.Res. 566 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-31).
H.Con.Res. 567 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of military equipment to 2/26/1976
Saudi Arabia (transmittal 76-32).
H.Con.Res. 568 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letters of offer to sell
2/26/1976
certain defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia.
S.Con.Res. 99
A concurrent resolution relating to the proposed sale of airborne early
3/4/1976
warning aircraft to NATO.
H.Con.Res. 576 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of certain military
3/8/1976
equipment to NATO (transmittal No. 76-41).
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res. 595 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-
3/29/1976
130 aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).
H.Con.Res. 597 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Egypt of C-130
3/30/1976
aircraft and related support equipment.
H.Con.Res. 599 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of C-130 aircraft to
3/30/1976
Egypt.
H.Con.Res. 602 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Egypt of C-130
4/2/1976
aircraft and related support equipment.
H.Con.Res. 603 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-
4/5/1976
130 aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).
H.Con.Res. 610 Concurrent resolution expressing the sense of the Congress with respect to
4/9/1976
sales of defense articles and services to Egypt.
H.Con.Res. 612 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell six C-
4/12/1976
130 aircraft to Egypt (transmittal No. 76-47).
H.Con.Res. 691 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Kenya of F-5E/F aircraft and
7/29/1976
related equipment and training.
S.Con.Res. 140
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to the
9/7/1976
Republic of Korea.
S.Con.Res. 141
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of tanks to the
9/7/1976
Republic of Korea.
S.Con.Res. 142
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
vehicles.
S.Con.Res. 143
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
missiles.
S.Con.Res. 144
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of bombs to Israel.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 145
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft support
9/7/1976
to Iran.
S.Con.Res. 146
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of
9/7/1976
ammunition.
S.Con.Res. 147
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of bombs to Israel.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 148
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
vehicles.
S.Con.Res. 149
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
ammunition.
S.Con.Res. 150
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 151
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of helicopters to
9/7/1976
Israel.
S.Con.Res. 152
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to
9/7/1976
Norway.
S.Con.Res. 153
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
torpedoes.
S.Con.Res. 154
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to
9/7/1976
Morocco.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
S.Con.Res. 155
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft training
9/7/1976
and maintenance to West Germany.
S.Con.Res. 156
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
9/7/1976
Republic of Korea.
S.Con.Res. 157
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
9/7/1976
Philippines.
S.Con.Res. 158
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft and
9/7/1976
missiles to Singapore.
S.Con.Res. 159
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of a Naval
9/7/1976
training center.
S.Con.Res. 160
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of Air Force
9/7/1976
headquarters construction.
S.Con.Res. 161
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 162
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 163
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 164
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of aircraft.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 165
Expressing the objection of the Congress pursuant to Section 36(b) of the
9/7/1976
Arms Export Control Act, of the proposed sale of missiles to Iran (transmittal
No. 7T-34).
S.Con.Res. 166
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of vehicles
9/7/1976
described in the statement submitted by the President on September 1, 1976
(transmittal numbered 7T-35).
S.Con.Res. 167
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of ammunition to
9/7/1976
Israel.
S.Con.Res. 168
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to Israel
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 169
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale of Saudi Arabia of air defense
9/7/1976
weapons.
S.Con.Res. 170
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of
9/7/1976
torpedoes.
S.Con.Res. 171
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 172
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of National
9/7/1976
Guard Training and Modernization.
S.Con.Res. 173
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of certain
9/7/1976
aircraft.
S.Con.Res. 174
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of
9/7/1976
helicopters.
S.Con.Res. 175
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of construction to
9/7/1976
Saudi Arabia.
S.Con.Res. 176
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to
9/7/1976
Australia.
S.Con.Res. 177
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
torpedoes.
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Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
S.Con.Res. 178
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
Sidewinder missiles.
S.Con.Res. 179
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
ammunition.
S.Con.Res. 180
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of 25
9/7/1976
M88A1 recovery vehicles.
S.Con.Res. 181
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Pakistan of
9/7/1976
vehicles.
S.Con.Res. 182
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of
9/7/1976
ammunition.
S.Con.Res. 183
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of certain
9/7/1976
aircraft.
S.Con.Res. 184
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 185
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of specified
9/7/1976
aircraft repair parts.
S.Con.Res. 186
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of helicopter
9/7/1976
repair parts.
S.Con.Res. 187
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 188
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of missiles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 189
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale to Iran of
9/7/1976
torpedoes.
S.Con.Res. 190
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to the
9/7/1976
Philippines.
S.Con.Res. 191
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft and
9/7/1976
missiles to Singapore.
S.Con.Res. 192
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of Air Force
9/7/1976
headquarters construction.
S.Con.Res. 193
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 194
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of a Naval
9/7/1976
training center.
S.Con.Res. 195
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 196
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of vehicles.
9/7/1976
S.Con.Res. 197
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of National
9/7/1976
Guard Training and Modernization.
S.Con.Res. 198
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of air defense
9/7/1976
weapons.
S.Con.Res. 199
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/7/1976
articles and services.
S.Con.Res. 200
Expresses the objection of Congress to the sale to Saudi Arabia of certain
9/7/1976
aircraft.
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/8/1976
738a
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-15).
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Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/8/1976
739a
articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-21).
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/8/1976
740a
articles to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-39).
H.Con.Res. 747 A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense articles and 9/10/1976
services.
S.Con.Res. 203
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of aircraft to Israel.
9/14/1976
S.Con.Res. 204
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of howitzers to the
9/14/1976
Philippines.
S.Con.Res. 205
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missiles to Spain.
9/14/1976
S.Con.Res. 206
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of missile defense
9/14/1976
systems and missiles to Tunisia.
S.Con.Res. 207
Expresses the objection of Congress to the proposed sale of armored
9/14/1976
personnel carriers to Kuwait.
H.Con.Res. 750 A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of defense
9/15/1976
articles and services.
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/17/1976
755a
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-15).
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/17/1976
756a
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-21).
H.Con.Res.
A resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell certain defense
9/17/1976
757a
articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-39).
H.Con.Res. 760 A resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense articles and 9/20/1976
services.
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell
9/23/1976
764a
certain defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-
15).
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell
9/23/1976
765a
certain defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-
21).
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed letter of offer to sell
9/23/1976
766a
certain defense articles and services to Saudi Arabia (transmittal numbered 7T-
39).
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
9/27/1976
768a
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-15).
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
9/27/1976
769a
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-21).
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving a proposed sale of defense articles and
9/27/1976
770a
services to Saudi Arabia (7T-39).
H.Con.Res. 773 A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to the Philippines
9/27/1976
of defense articles and services.
H.Con.Res. 774 A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sales to Iran of defense
9/28/1976
articles and services.
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia
9/28/1976
775a
under the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-15.
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Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia
9/28/1976
776a
under the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-21.
H.Con.Res.
A concurrent resolution disapproving certain proposed sale to Saudi Arabia
9/28/1976
777a
under the Foreign Military Sales Act described in transmittal numbered 7T-39.
H.Con.Res. 275 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early
7/11/1977
warning aircraft to Iran.
H.Con.Res. 287 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early
7/15/1977
warning aircraft to Iran.
S.Con.Res. 36
Expresses Congressional objection to the sale of seven airborne early warning
7/15/1977
aircraft to Iran.
H.Con.Res. 293 Concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early
7/19/1977
warning aircraft to Iran.
H.Con.Res. 312 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale of airborne early
7/27/1977
warning aircraft to Iran.
H.Con.Res. 367 Concurrent resolution objecting to proposed sales to Egypt of certain defense
9/30/1977
articles and services (transmittals 77-80 and 77-83 submitted by the President).
S.Con.Res. 48
Expresses Congressional objection to the site of seven airborne early warning
10/1/1977
aircraft to Iran.
H.Con.Res. 480 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of 60 F15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia
2/15/1978
which was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978.
H.Con.Res. 481 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of 50 F5E aircraft to Egypt which
2/15/1978
was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978.
H.Con.Res. 482 A resolution stating the intention of the Congress to disapprove the proposed
2/15/1978
sales, announced by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978, of certain
military aircraft to Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res.484
resolution stating Congressional disapproval of the proposed sales, announced
2/21/1978
by the Secretary of State on February 14, 1978, of certain military aircraft to
Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 499 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of fifty F5E aircraft to Egypt which
3/3/1978
was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14th, 1978.
H.Con.Res. 500 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of sixty F-15 aircraft to Saudi
3/3/1978
Arabia which was announced by the Secretary of State on February 14th, 1978.
H.Con.Res. 585 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-16 aircraft to Israel
5/1/1978
(Transmittal No. 78-34).
H.Con.Res. 586 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel
5/1/1978
(Transmittal No. 78-33).
H.Con.Res. 587 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-5E and F-5F aircraft to Egypt
5/1/1978
(Transmittal No. 78-32).
H.Con.Res. 588 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia
5/1/1978
(Transmittal No. 78-35).
H.Con.Res. 594 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Israel.
5/1/1978
H.Con.Res. 595 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-16 aircraft to Israel.
5/1/1978
H.Con.Res. 596 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-5E aircraft to Egypt.
5/1/1978
H.Con.Res. 597 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of F-15 aircraft to Saudi Arabia.
5/1/1978
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Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res. 598 A resolution disapproving the proposed sale of aircraft to Saudi Arabia.
5/1/1978
S.Con.Res. 81
A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
5/1/1978
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 50 F-5
aircraft (transmittal number 78-32, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).
S.Con.Res. 82
A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
5/1/1978
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 15 F-15
aircraft (transmittal number 78-33, transmitted to Congress on April 28,1978).
S.Con.Res. 83
A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
5/1/1978
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 75 F-16
aircraft (transmittal number 78-34, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).
S.Con.Res. 84
A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress, pursuant to
5/1/1978
Section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act, to the proposed sale of 60 F-15
aircraft (transmittal number 78-35, transmitted to Congress on April 28, 1978).
S.Con.Res. 86b
Concurrent resolution relating to action by the Congress on certain sales of
5/11/1978
armaments to Egypt, Israel and Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 117 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to England described
5/4/1979
in the statement submitted by the President (79-29).
H.Con.Res. 135 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
6/11/1979
services to Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 136 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
6/11/1979
services to Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 137 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of management and contracting
6/11/1979
services to Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 163 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of certain defense articles to
7/17/1979
Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 174 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of Improved
8/2/1979
Hawk air defense missiles (Transmittal No. 79-49).
H.Con.Res. 175 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of Dragon
8/2/1979
anti-tank missiles (Transmittal No. 79-50).
H.Con.Res. 176 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M113A2
8/2/1979
armored personnel carriers, M577A2 command post carriers, M548 cargo
carriers, supporting equipment, and spare parts (Transmittal No. 79-58).
H.Con.Res. 177 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M60A3
8/2/1979
tanks (Transmittal No. 79-59).
H.Con.Res. 178 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Israel of M109A1B
8/2/1979
155mm self-propelled howitzers (Transmittal No. 79-60).
H.Con.Res. 205 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of construction and modification
10/30/1979
services to Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 226 A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale of certain defense articles to
12/12/1979
Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 230 A concurrent resolution to disapprove the sale of smart bombs and missiles to
12/18/1979
Saudi Arabia.
S.Con.Res. 71
A concurrent resolution stating the objection of the Congress to certain
1/29/1980
proposed sales of defense articles to Morocco.
H.Con.Res. 396 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Jordan of 100
7/31/1980
M60A3 tanks and related defense articles and services (Transmittal No. 80-82).
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Bill Number
Title or Summary
Date
Introduced
H.Con.Res. 401 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Jordan of 100
8/19/1980
M60A3 tanks and related defense articles and services (Transmittal No. 80-82).
H.Con.Res. 408 A concurrent resolution to disapprove the proposed sale to Jordan of 100
8/21/1980
M60A3 tanks (Transmittal No. 80-82).
H.Con.Res. 443 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to the Republic of
10/1/1980
Korea of defense articles pursuant to a Cooperative Logistics Supply Support
Arrangement (Transmittal No. 80-96).
H.Con.Res. 90
A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
3/10/1981
AIM-9L air-to-air missiles and the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for
the F-15 fighter aircraft ordered by Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 117 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
4/27/1981
AIM-9l air-to-air missiles, the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for the F-
15 fighter, and the five (5) airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS)
ordered by Saudi Arabia.
H.Con.Res. 118 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of five
4/27/1981
(5) airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS) and conformal fuel tanks
and air-to- air missiles for sixty-two (62) F-15 fighter aircraft.
H.Con.Res. 170 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
8/4/1981
AIM-9L air-to-air missiles, the FAST auxiliary fuel and equipment pods for the
F-15 fighter, and the five airborne warning and control aircraft (AWACS)
ordered by Saudi Arabia.
S.Con.Res. 35
A concurrent resolution expressing the objection of the Congress to the
9/17/1981
proposed sale of certain defense articles, together with associated spare parts
and equipment and related defense services, to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
S.Con.Res.37c
A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of E-
10/1/1981
3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, conformal fuel
tanks for F-15 aircraft, AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 aerial
refueling aircraft.
H.Con.Res.194d A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of E-
10/1/1981
3A Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, conformal fuel
tanks for F-15 aircraft, AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, and Boeing 707 aerial
refueling aircraft.
H.Con.Res. 211 A concurrent resolution disapproving the proposed sale to Pakistan of F-16
10/28/1981
aircraft.
S.Con.Res. 48
A concurrent resolution disapproving the sale to Pakistan of F-16 aircraft.
11/10/1981

Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov. Table current as of 3/30/2022.
Notes: The table is current as of March 30, 2022. Each bil number includes a hyperlink to the bil ’s record in
Congress.gov. All concurrent resolutions were introduced and referred to their respective committees. Only
one resolution, H.Con.Res. 194 made it to a floor vote by both chambers.
a. The concurrent resolution referenced Section 36(b) of the Foreign Military Sales Act.
b. The resolution failed to pass in the Senate, rol call #161 (44-54).
c. It was reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. However, the Senate indefinitely
postponed it by voice vote.
d. The only concurrent resolution under the AECA that received a floor vote by both chambers. The
resolution was agreed to in the House by a yea-nay vote of 301-111, but it was disagreed to in the Senate
by a yea-nay vote of 48-52.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Table 2. Joint Resolutions of Disapproval under AECA
(in order of introduction)
Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
S.J.Res. 228 A joint resolution relating to the proposed sales
10/24/1985
Senate passed by Yea-Nay
of arms to Jordan.
Vote. 97-1. Passed House by
Voice Vote. Became Public
Law No: 99-162.
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale of 4/9/1986
Referred to House Foreign
592
integrated avionics system kits to the People's
Affairs Committee (HFAC),
Republic of China, unless the United States sells
Subcommittee on Asian and
advanced aircraft to the Republic of China on
Pacific Affairs.
Taiwan.
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale of 4/9/1986
Referred to HFAC,
593
integrated avionics system kits to the People's
Subcommittee on Asian and
Republic of China.
Pacific Affairs.
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sales
4/9/1986
Passed/agreed to in House:
589
of certain missiles to Saudi Arabia.
Passed House by Yea-Nay
Vote. 356 - 62.
S.J.Res. 316 A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to Saudi
4/9/1986
Passed House by Voice
Arabia of certain defense articles and related
Vote. Passed Senate by Yea-
defense services.
Nay Vote. 73-22. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage
in Senate over veto by Yea-
Nay Vote. 66 - 34.
S.J.Res. 331 A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale of 4/24/1986
Indefinitely postponed by
integrated avionics system kits to the People's
Senate by Voice Vote.
Republic of China.
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale of 5/13/1987
Tabled by HFAC,
277
F-5E/F aircraft to Honduras.
Subcommittee on Western
Hemisphere Affairs after
consideration and mark-up
session held.
S.J.Res. 128 A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to
5/13/1987
Indefinitely postponed by
Honduras of certain defense articles and related
Senate by Unanimous
defense services.
Consent.
S.J.Res. 133 A joint resolution prohibiting the sale to Saudi
5/20/1987
Referred to the Senate
Arabia of 12 F-15 aircraft.
Foreign Relations
Committee (SFRC).
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
6/9/1988
Hearings held by HFAC,
590
to Japan of an AEGIS Combat System (transmittal
Subcommittee on Asian and
number 88-25).
Pacific Affairs and
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
7/12/1988
Referred to HFAC,
609
to Kuwait of F/A-18 aircraft, Cluster bomb units,
Subcommittee on Europe
SIDEWINDER missiles, SPARROW missiles,
and the Middle East.
HARPOON missiles, and MAVERICK missiles
(transmittal number 88-39).
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Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
H.J.Res.
To prohibit the proposed sale to Pakistan of F-16
7/18/1989
Referred to HFAC,
368
aircraft.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.
A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed
9/13/1988
Hearings held by HFAC,
652
export to the People's Republic of China of
Subcommittee on Asian and
commercial communications satel ites (transmittal
Pacific Affairs,
number MC-48-88).
Subcommittee on
International Economic
Policy and Trade, and the
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
S.J.Res.
A joint resolution prohibiting the export of
5/1/1989
Passed Senate by Voice
113a
technology, defense articles, and defense services
Vote. Passed/agreed to in
to codevelop or coproduce the FSX aircraft with
House by recorded vote.
Japan.
241 - 168. Vetoed by
President. Failed of passage
in Senate over veto by Yea-
Nay Vote. 66 - 34.
S.J.Res.
A joint resolution approving the proposed
5/9/1989
SFRC. Hearings held.
123a
authorization for the export of technology,
defense articles, and defense services to
codevelop the FS-X weapon system with
Japan and requiring that any coproduction
of that weapon system meet certain
conditions, and for other purposes.
H.J.Res.368 To prohibit the proposed sale to Pakistan of F-16
7/18/1989
Referred to the HFAC,
aircraft.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.550 To prohibit the proposed sale to Turkey of AH-
4/18/1990
Referred to the HFAC,
1W attack helicopters.
Subcommittee on Europe
and the Middle East.
H.J.Res.592 To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
6/11/1990
Referred to the HFAC,
modifications and systems integration of AWACS
Subcommittee on Arms
E-3 and tanker KE-5 aircraft.
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.593 To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
6/11/1990
Referred to the HFAC,
M88A1 Recovery Vehicles.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.594 To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
6/11/1990
Referred to the HFAC,
defense articles and defense services to
Subcommittee on Arms
modernize the Saudi Arabian National Guard.
Control, International
Security and Science.
S.J.Res. 378 A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sales
10/11/1990
Referred to the SFRC.
to Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles and
defense services, pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of
the Arms Export Control Act.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
H.J.Res.674 To prohibit the proposed sales to Saudi Arabia of
10/17/1990
Referred to HFAC,
M1A2 tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles,
Subcommittee on Arms
APACHE helicopters, and PATRIOT guided
Control, International
missile units that were reported to the Congress
Security and Science.
on September 27, 1990.
H.J.Res.270 To prohibit the proposed sale to the United Arab
6/12/1991
Referred to the HFAC,
Emirates of AH-64 APACHE attack helicopters.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
S.J.Res. 165 A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
6/19/1991
Referred to the SFRC.
to the United Arab Emirates of AH-64 APACHE
attack helicopters.
S.J.Res. 177 A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed sale
7/15/1991
Referred to the SFRC.
to the Republic of Korea of F-16C/D aircraft and
other specified defense articles and defense
service, pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms
Export Control Act.
S.J.Res. 178
A joint resolution prohibiting the proposed export to
7/15/1991
Referred to the SFRC.
the Republic of Korea of certain technical data and
equipment related to the sale of F-16C/D aircraft,
pursuant to Section 36(c) of such Act.
H.J.Res.
To prohibit the proposed sale to Kuwait of an air
4/28/1992
Referred to the HFAC,
473
defense system.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.
To prohibit the proposed sale to Saudi Arabia of
9/15/1992
Referred to the HFAC,
548
F-15 aircraft.
Subcommittee on Arms
Control, International
Security and Science.
H.J.Res.
Prohibiting the proposed sale of F-15 fighter jets
9/15/1992
Referred to the HFAC,
549
to Saudi Arabia until that country renounces and
Subcommittee on Arms
no longer observes the boycott of Israel by Arab
Control, International
countries.
Security and Science.
S.J.Res. 344 A joint resolution to prohibit the proposed sale
10/1/1992
Referred to the SFRC.
to Saudi Arabia of F-15 aircraft.
H.J.Res. 93
Disapproving the issuance of letters of offer with
7/20/2006
Referred to the House
respect to certain proposed sales of defense
Committee on International
articles and defense services to Pakistan.
Relations.
H.J.Res. 76
Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer with
1/15/2008
Referred to the HFAC,
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
S.J.Res. 32
A joint resolution limiting the issuance of a letter
5/13/2008
Placed on Senate Legislative
of offer with respect to a certain proposed sale of
Calendar under General
defense articles and defense services to the
Orders. Calendar No. 736.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
H.J.Res. 87
Limiting the issuance of a letter of offer with
5/21/2008
Referred to the HFAC.
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
H.J.Res. 99
Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer with
11/18/2010
Referred to the HFAC.
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
H.J.Res.
Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer with
12/15/2010
Referred to the HFAC.
104
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
H.J.Res. 80
Limiting the issuance of a letter of offer with
10/6/2011
Referred to the HFAC.
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to the Kingdom of
Bahrain.
S.J.Res. 28
A joint resolution limiting the issuance of a letter
10/6/2011
Referred to the SFRC.
of offer with respect to a certain proposed sale of
defense articles and defense services to the
Kingdom of Bahrain.
H.J.Res. 83
Disapproving the issuance of a letter of offer with
11/3/2011
Referred to the HFAC.
respect to a certain proposed sale of defense
articles and defense services to Turkey.
S.J.Res. 30
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
2/24/2016
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed foreign military sale to the
Government of Pakistan of F-16 Block 52 aircraft.
H.J.Res. 82
Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
2/25/2016
Referred to the HFAC.
foreign military sale to the Government of
Pakistan of F-16 Block 52 aircraft.
S.J.Res. 31
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
2/25/2016
Motion to table the motion
the proposed foreign military sale to the
to discharge Committee on
Government of Pakistan of F-16 Block 52 aircraft.
Foreign Relations agreed to
in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote.
71 - 24.
S.J.Res. 39
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
9/8/2016
Motion to table the motion
the proposed foreign military sale to the
to discharge Committee on
Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
Foreign Relations agreed to
M1A1/A2 Abrams Tank structures and other
in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote.
major defense equipment.
71 - 27.
H.J.Res. 98
Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
9/20/2016
Referred to the HFAC.
foreign military sale to the Government of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of M1A1/A2 Abrams
Tank structures and other major defense
equipment.
H.J.Res. 72
Relating to the disapproval of the proposed
2/14/2017
Referred to the HFAC.
foreign military sale to the Government of Kenya
of Air Tractor aircraft with weapons, and related
support.
H.J.Res.
Relating to the disapproval of the proposed export to
5/25/2017
Referred to the HFAC.
102
the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
certain defense articles.
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Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
S.J.Res. 42
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of the
5/25/2017
Motion to discharge Senate
proposed export to the Government of the Kingdom
Committee on Foreign
of Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles.
Relations rejected by Yea-Nay
Vote. 47 - 53.
S.J.Res. 50
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
12/7/2017
Referred to the Committee
the proposed foreign military sale to the
on Foreign Relations.
Government of Georgia of Javelin Missiles and
Javelin Command Launch Units.
S.J.Res. 65
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
10/10/2018
Motion to discharge Senate
the proposed export to the Government of the
Committee on Foreign
Kingdom of Bahrain of certain defense articles and
Relations tabled by Yea-Nay
services.
Vote. 77 - 21.
S.J.Res. 66
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
11/29/2018
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed export to the Government of
Qatar of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 67
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
11/29/2018
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed export to the Government of Egypt
of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 68
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
11/29/2018
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed export to the Government of Egypt
of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 20
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/13/2019
Motion to discharge Senate
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
Committee on Foreign
of certain defense articles and services.
Relations rejected by Yea-
Nay Vote. 43 - 56.
S.J.Res. 22
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/14/2019
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 23
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/14/2019
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed sale to the Government of the
Czech Republic of certain defense articles and
services.
S.J.Res. 24
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/14/2019
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed sale to the Government of the
Czech Republic of certain defense articles and
services.
S.J.Res. 25
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/14/2019
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed sale to the Government of the
United Arab Emirates of certain defense articles
and services.
S.J.Res. 26
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
5/14/2019
Motion to discharge Senate
the proposed sale to the Government of Qatar of
Committee on Foreign
certain defense articles and services.
Relations rejected by Yea-
Nay Vote. 42 - 57. Record
Vote Number: 162.
S.J.Res. 27b
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
proposed transfer to the United Arab Emirates, United
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Kingdom, and Australia certain defense articles and
Number: 179. Sent to House
services.
and held at the desk.
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Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
S.J.Res. 28b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 29b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 30b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 31b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 32b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 33b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 34b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 35b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to
articles and services.
House and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 36b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
Vote. 53 - 45. Passed House
of Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain
by the Yeas and Nays: 238 -
and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the
190. Vetoed by President.
Italian Republic of certain defense articles and
Failed of passage in Senate
services.
over veto by Yea-Nay Vote. 45
- 40.
S.J.Res. 37b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed export to the United Arab
Vote. 51 - 45. Passed House
Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
by the Yeas and Nays: 238 -
Northern Ireland, and the Republic of France of
190. Vetoed by President.
certain defense articles and services.
Failed of passage in Senate
over veto by Yea-Nay Vote. 45
- 39.
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Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
S.J.Res. 38b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate without
disapproval of the proposed export to the Kingdom of
amendment by Yea-Nay Vote.
Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
53 - 45. Passed House by the
and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles and
Yeas and Nays: 237 - 190.
services.
Vetoed by President. Failed of
passage in Senate over veto by
Yea-Nay Vote. 46 - 41.
S.J.Res. 39b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed export to the United Arab
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Emirates and United Kingdom of certain defense
Number: 179. Sent to House
articles, including technical data and defense services.
and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 40b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed export to India, Israel,
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Republic of Korea, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of
Number: 179. Sent to House
certain defense articles, including technical data and
and held at the desk.
defense services.
S.J.Res. 41b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed export to the Government
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and the
Number: 179. Sent to House
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
and held at the desk.
of technical data and defense services.
S.J.Res. 42b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed export to the United Arab
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Emirates and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
Number: 179. Sent to House
and Northern Ireland of certain defense articles,
and held at the desk.
including technical data and defense services.
S.J.Res. 43b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.
Number: 179. Sent to House
and held at the desk.
S.J.Res.
A joint resolution providing for
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-
44ab
congressional disapproval of the proposed
Nay Vote. 51 - 45.
retransfer of certain defense articles from
Record Vote Number:
the United Arab Emirates to the
179. Sent to House and
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 45b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.
Number: 179. Sent to House
and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 46b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the United
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Arab Emirates certain defense articles and services.
Number: 179. Sent to House
and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 47b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the Kingdom
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
of Saudi Arabia certain defense articles and services.
Number: 179. Sent to House
and held at the desk.
S.J.Res. 48b
A joint resolution providing for congressional
6/5/2019
Passed Senate by Yea-Nay
disapproval of the proposed transfer to the United
Vote. 51 - 45. Record Vote
Arab Emirates certain defense articles and services.
Number: 179. Sent to House
and held at the desk.
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link to page 21 link to page 21 link to page 21 Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
H.J.Res. 61
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
6/12/2019
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed export to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland of certain defense articles and services.
H.J.Res. 62a
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
6/12/2019
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and
the United Arab Emirates of certain defense articles
and services.
H.J.Res. 63
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
6/12/2019
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed export to the United Arab Emirates, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, and the Republic of France of certain defense
articles and services.
H.J.Res. 64a
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
6/12/2019
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian
Republic of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 77
A joint resolution providing for congressional
11/18/2020
Motion to discharge Senate
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Committee on Foreign
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Relations rejected by Yea-
articles and services.
Nay Vote. 46 - 50.
S.J.Res. 78
A joint resolution providing for congressional
11/18/2020
Motion to discharge Senate
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Committee on Foreign
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
Relations rejected by Yea-
articles and services.
Nay Vote. 47 - 49.
S.J.Res. 79
A joint resolution providing congressional
11/18/2020
Referred to the SFRC.
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.
S.J.Res. 80
A joint resolution providing for congressional
11/18/2020
Referred to the SFRC.
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the United Arab Emirates of certain defense
articles and services.
H.J.Res.
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
11/19/2020
Referred to the HFAC.
100
proposed foreign military sale to the United Arab
Emirates of certain defense articles and services.
H.J.Res.
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
11/19/2020
Referred to the HFAC.
101
proposed foreign military sale to the United Arab
Emirates of certain defense articles and services.
H.J.Res.
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
11/19/2020
Referred to the HFAC.
102
proposed foreign military sale to the United Arab
Emirates of certain defense articles and services.
H.J.Res.
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
11/19/2020
Referred to the HFAC.
103
proposed foreign military sale to the United Arab
Emirates of certain defense articles and services.
S.J.Res. 82a
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of the
1/1/2021
Referred to the SFRC.
proposed export to the Government of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles.
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link to page 21 Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

Bill
Title
Date
Status
Number
Introduced
H.J.Res. 15
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
1/15/2021
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed foreign military sale to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia of certain defense articles and
services.
H.J.Res. 16a
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
1/15/2021
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Italian
Republic of certain defense articles and services.
H.J.Res. 49
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
5/20/2021
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed direct commercial sale to Israel of certain
weaponry and munitions.
S.J.Res. 19
A joint resolution providing for congressional
5/20/2021
Referred to the SFRC.
disapproval of the proposed transfer to Israel of
certain defense articles, including defense services and
technical data.
H.J.Res. 63
Providing for congressional disapproval of the
11/12/2021
Referred to the HFAC.
proposed direct commercial sale to the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia of certain weaponry and munitions.
S.J.Res. 31
A joint resolution providing for congressional
11/18/2021
Motion to discharge Senate
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Committee on Foreign
to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of certain defense
Relations rejected by Yea-
articles.
Nay Vote. 30 - 67.
S.J.Res. 35
A joint resolution providing for congressional
2/7/2022
Motion to discharge Senate
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
Committee on Foreign
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
Relations rejected by Yea-
articles and services.
Nay Vote. 19 - 80.
S.J.Res. 36
A joint resolution providing for congressional
2/7/2022
Referred to the SFRC.
disapproval of the proposed foreign military sale
to the Government of Egypt of certain defense
articles and services.
S.J.Res. 44
A joint resolution relating to the disapproval of
3/30/2022
Referred to the SFRC.
the proposed sale to the Government of Bahrain
of certain defense articles and services.

Source: CRS compiled table using data from Congress.gov.
Notes: The table is current as of March 30, 2022. JRDs in italics denote Direct Commercial Sales. JRDs in bold
reference only Section 36(d) of the AECA. All others are Foreign Military Sales. Each bil number includes a
hyperlink to the bil ’s record in Congress.gov. HFAC is the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. SFRC is the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
a. References Section 36(d) of the AECA, which “contains similar notification requirements, though not
reporting thresholds, for commercial technical assistance or manufacturing licensing agreements. As with
arms sales, Congress can block any of these reportable transactions by enacting a joint resolution of
disapproval as stipulated in the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) (see 22 U.S.C. 2753, 2776, 2796).” See
CRS Report RL31675, Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process, by Paul K. Kerr.
b. In May 2019, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo invoked emergency certification that waived the statutory
congressional notification period contained in the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. §2776), allowing for
the immediate transfer of 22 pending defense articles and services to Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United
Arab Emirates (UAE). See Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State, "Emergency Notification of Arms Sales to
Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia," Press Statement, May 24, 2019. On June 5, 2019, a
bipartisan group of seven Senators introduced 22 separate Joint Resolutions of Disapproval against the sales.
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Fact Sheet: Joint Resolutions of Disapproval Under the Arms Export Control Act

c. On June 20, 2019, the Senate passed three measures: 1) S.J.Res. 36 by a margin of 53-45; 2) S.J.Res. 38 by a
margin of 53-45; and 3) en bloc the other 20 resolutions of disapproval prohibiting the remaining notified
transfers by a margin of 51-45. On July 17, 2019, the House passed three of the resolutions: S.J.Res.36 and
S.J.Res.37 by 238-190; and S.J.Res.38 by 237-190. On July 24, 2019, President Donald Trump vetoed the
three bil s. A July 29, 2019, Senate vote failed to override these vetoes.

Author Information

Sofia Plagakis

Research Librarian

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