Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
April 18, 2022
Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and
Emily M. Morgenstern
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign
Assistance and Foreign
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and
Policy
activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

(SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural
Cory R. Gill
exchanges, development, security, humanitarian assistance, and participation in multilateral
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
organizations, among other international activities. On March 28, 2022, the Biden Administration

released its proposed FY2023 budget request, which called for $66.00 billion in new budget
authority for SFOPS accounts ($65.94 billion after rescissions of prior year funding).

The FY2023 request, including rescissions, represents a 17.3% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations (excluding
emergency funding to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine) and a 0.9% decrease from total FY2022 enacted
appropriations. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations measures, the budget request
divides SFOPS into two main components:
 Department of State and Related Agency. These accounts, which are provided in Title I of the SFOPS
bill, primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2023 proposal
includes $18.58 billion for Title I accounts, representing a 7.9% increase from FY2022 enacted base
appropriations and a 4.8% increase from total FY2022 enacted levels.
 Foreign Operations and Related Programs. These accounts, which are provided in Titles II-VI of the
SFOPS bill, fund most foreign assistance activities and would see a total of $47.42 billion for FY2023, a
15.8% increase when compared to FY2022 enacted base levels and a 6.4% decrease when compared to
total FY2022 enacted levels.
Appendix A provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2023 request to FY2022 enacted and FY2021 actual
funding levels. Appendix B offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget. Both
appendices will be updated to reflect congressional action. Appendix B depicts the SFOPS account structure.
This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes. It does
not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on
international affairs issues, please consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health,
diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report
R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Nick M. Brown and
Cory R. Gill.

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SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Overview
Annual Department of State, Foreign
A Note on Numbers
Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS)
The Biden Administration prepared its FY2023 budget
appropriations support a range of U.S.
request prior to passage of FY2022 ful year
activities around the world, including the
appropriations; it is unclear how it prepared FY2022
operation of U.S. embassies; diplomatic
“estimates” presented in the budget request. As such,
and to remain consistent with prior year analyses, CRS
activities; development, security, and
is comparing the FY2023 SFOPS request and
humanitarian assistance; U.S. participation in
subsequent appropriations bil s to FY2022 enacted
multilateral organizations; and certain U.S.
funding levels and/or FY2021 actual funding.
export promotion activities. The SFOPS
Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2023
appropriation closely aligns with the
SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2021
International Affairs budget function (150),
“actuals”, and P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, and P.L. 117-103
for FY2022 enacted levels.
which typically represents about 1% of the
annual federal budget (Figure 1).1
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2023 Estimate

Source: CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2023 Budget Historical Table 5.1.
Notes: Reflects estimated budget authority for FY2023.
The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2023, released on March 28, 2022, proposes
$66.00 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $65.94 billion when including
proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The total request, including rescissions, represents a
17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations and a 0.9% decrease from total
FY2022 enacted appropriations (including emergency supplemental funds to address crises in
Afghanistan and Ukraine). The request is lower than the Biden Administration’s FY2022 request
but higher than every other SFOPS request from the past decade in current U.S. dollars (Table 1).

1 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The primary
differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the Agriculture
appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function 300 budget.
2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals
for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps.
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Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2014-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023
Request
51.96
55.01
54.83
60.21
40.21
41.66
43.10
44.12
71.37
66.00
Actual/Enacted
50.89
54.39
54.52
59.78
54.18
54.38
57.37
71.38
66.51

Difference
-2.1%
-1.1%
-0.6%
-0.7%
34.7%
30.5%
33.1%
61.8%
-6.8%

Source: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and U.S.
Agency for International Development; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: Includes supplemental and emergency funds and rescissions. FY2022 figures are enacted, while FY2014-
FY2021 figures are actual.
Emergency Funds
Congress periodically has appropriated funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of
activities outside of pre-established budget caps. From FY2012-FY2021, SFOPS appropriations
included funding designated as “Overseas Contingency Operations” (OCO), emergency funding
initially used by Congress in the “frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.3 OCO was
also one of the mechanisms by which Congress sought to funds various activities while still
adhering to discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA;
P.L. 112-25). Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use considerably in
funding level and scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of programs, including
those that were considered to be base budget programs in the later years. The BCA discretionary
caps expired in FY2021; the Administration did not request and Congress did not enact any OCO-
designated funding in FY2022.
Congress has also enacted emergency funds outside of OCO to address unanticipated situations
both during the regular budget cycle in annual appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental
measures. In FY2021 and FY2022, Congress enacted emergency SFOPS funding as part of
annual omnibus appropriations, two off-budget supplemental funding measures, and two
Continuing Resolutions (Table 2). Such funding was enacted primarily to address needs related to
the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abroad; humanitarian assistance for
Afghanistan and Afghan refugees; and security, humanitarian, and economic assistance for
Ukraine.
Table 2. Emergency Supplemental Funds, FY2021-FY2022 Enacted
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2021
FY2022
P.L. 116-260,
P.L. 117-2,
Div. K, Title
Title X
P.L. 117-31,
P.L. 117-43,
P.L. 117-70,
P.L. 117-103,

IX
(ARPA)
Title IV
Div. C
Div. B
Div. N
Diplomatic Programs

204.00

44.30
125.00
Consular & Border Security
300.00

Programs

3 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding:
Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern.
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FY2021
FY2022
P.L. 116-260,
P.L. 117-2,
Div. K, Title
Title X
P.L. 117-31,
P.L. 117-43,
P.L. 117-70,
P.L. 117-103,

IX
(ARPA)
Title IV
Div. C
Div. B
Div. N
Emergencies in the Diplomatic &

276.90
36.00

Consular Services
Office of Inspector General

4.00
Sudan Claims
150.00

International Broadcasting

25.00
Operations
Total, State, Broadcasting &
450.00
204.00
—
276.90
80.30
154.00
Related Agencies
USAID Operating Expenses

41.00

25.00
USAID Office of Inspector

4.00
General
Global Health Programs
4,000.00

International Disaster Assistance

400.00

2,650.00
Transition Initiatives

120.00
Economic Support Fund
700.00
8,675.00

647.00
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia

1,120.00
and Central Asia
Migration & Refugee Assistance

500.00
100.00
415.00

1,400.00
Emergency Refugee & Migration

500.00
1,076.10
1,200.00

Assistance
Dept. of the Treasury Debt
120.00

Restructuring
Int’l Organizations & Programs

580.00

Int’l Narcotics Control & Law

30.00
Enforcement
Foreign Military Financing

650.00
Total Foreign Operations
4,820.00
9,796.00
600.00
1,819.10
1,200.00
6,646.00
SFOPS Total
5,270.00
10,000.00
600.00
2,168.00
1,280.30
6,800.00
Source: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: Because OCO-designated funding was largely indistinguishable from base (also referred to as enduring)
funding in FY2021, it is not included in this table.
Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at
times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (Figure 2). In
FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds
that year. In FY2021, OCO and emergency supplemental funds totaled $23.51 billion,
representing 32.9% of SFOPS funding that year.
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Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2012-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using data from annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, and
P.L. 117-103.
Congressional Action
Congressional action on FY2023 appropriations is scheduled to begin in late April 2022 with
subcommittee hearings. Subsequent action will be detailed below in future report updates.
State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request seeks $18.58 billion in funding for the Department
of State and Related Agency appropriations accounts. This totals 4.8% more than the FY2022
enacted funding level of $17.72 billion (including all base and emergency funding). When
considering base budget funding only, the Administration’s request is 7.9% above the FY2022
funding total. The Biden Administration has identified several key priorities it intends to fund
through these accounts in FY2023, including
 enabling the State Department to meet critical staffing gaps and attract and retain
a diverse workforce;
 ensuring the safety and security of the overseas workforce;
 paying U.S. assessed contributions to international organizations and
international peacekeeping missions on time and in full; and
 modernizing the State Department’s information technology to improve
efficiency, collaboration, data analysis capabilities, and information security.4

4 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs, Fiscal Year 2023, pp. i-iii; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, March 28,
2022, pp 5-6.
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Table 3. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO and emergency funds)
FY2023
FY2023
Request
Request
as %
as %
Change
Change
from
from
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2022
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
Base
Total
Diplomatic Programs
8,963.14
9,348.09
9,637.80
5.0%
3.1%
Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
0.7%
0.7%
Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance
1,950.45
1,983.15
1,957.82
-1.3%
-1.3%
Educational & Cultural Exchange Programs
740.30
753.00
741.30
-1.6%
-1.6%
International Organizations
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
26.1%
26.1%
U.S. Agency for Global Media
802.96
885.00
840.00
-2.3%
-5.1%
State and Related Agency Total
17,233.05
17,724.68
18,577.45
7.9%
4.8%
(includes Function 300 funding and other commissions)
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; CRS
calculations. State and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed above.
Note: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
Diplomatic Programs
The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and
funds several programs and functions, including
 most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
 the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and
access programs;
 public diplomacy programs;
 operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and
 the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning, Information Resource
Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), and
Legislative Affairs, as well as the new Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy.5
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request for the Diplomatic Programs account totals $9.64
billion, 3.1% more than the $9.35 billion Congress appropriated in FY2022 (including all base
and emergency funding). The Biden Administration is requesting that Congress make the entirety
of this appropriation (with the exception of the Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP,
component, which Congress generally makes available until expended) available for expenditure
for two fiscal years (also known as “two-year funding”). For FY2022, Congress made 15% of this
appropriation (excluding WSP and emergency and supplemental funding) available for two fiscal
years, with budget authority for the remainder of the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year
for which they were appropriated. However, the Biden Administration cites “ongoing crises,

5 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 14-24.
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future of work, and domestic facilities projects, and the endemic posture due to COVID-19” to
justify its request that Congress make all FY2023 funds available as two-year funding.6
The Biden Administration’s request expands on its ongoing efforts to strengthen the State
Department’s workforce.7 It seeks resources for an additional 570 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions, 560 of which the Administration intends to fund through the Diplomatic
Programs account.8 Focus areas of newly funded positions include implementation of the
Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and countering the malign influence of state and non-state
actors.9 Also within this request is funding for an additional 250 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions to expand the State Department’s Professional Development and Training Float
(“training float,” or component of employees participating in training and professional
development programs rather than serving in policy assignments).10 Expansion of the training
float may enable the State Department to provide opportunities for more staff to participate in
training and learning modules while maintaining the personnel strength needed to advance U.S.
national security and foreign policy interests.
The Biden Administration is also seeking $65.6 million within its request for Diplomatic
Programs for diversity, equity, inclusion, and access (DEIA) programs for staff in support of
several executive orders President Biden has issued that are intended to advance DEIA in the
federal workforce. Such programs include a new initiative to modernize the State Department’s
recruitment practices to better ensure the department is able to attract a diverse workforce,
increased paid internship opportunities, and a new Civil Service diversity fellowship program.
Furthermore, the Administration is requesting 30 additional State Department positions focused
on DEIA efforts.11
Diplomatic Security
The Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account
and the Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to
as the “diplomatic security accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic
Security (DS), which is tasked with implementing the State Department’s security programs to
protect U.S. embassies and other overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State
Department offices.12 Other bureaus that receive funding through WSP include the Bureau of
Information Resource Management, which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State
Department’s information technology assets. The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas
Buildings Operations, which is responsible for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions
overseas with secure, safe, and functional facilities abroad.13

6 Ibid., p. 15.
7 For more detail on these efforts as they pertain to the Biden Administration’s FY2022 request, see CRS Report
R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by
Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 6-8.
8 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 14-15.
9 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 15.
10 Ibid., p. 16.
11 Ibid., pp. 15-16.
12 Ibid., p. 19.
13 Ibid., p. 37.
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The Biden Administration is requesting approximately $5.77 billion for the diplomatic security
accounts: $3.81 billion for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request is
slightly more ($180,000) than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2022 (see
Table 4 and footnote below).14
Table 4. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO funds)
FY2023
Request
as %
Change
from
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
Total
Worldwide Security Protection
3.,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
0.67%
Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance
1,950.45
1,983.15
1,957.82
-1.30%
Diplomatic Security (total)
5,854.05
5,771.35
5,771.53
0.00%
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; CRS
calculations.
Notes: Sums and percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual
appropriations data do not reflect available carryover funds.15
For FY2023, the Biden Administration is seeking WSP funding for 64 additional positions,
including 30 new Civil Service positions to focus on areas including security clearance
processing and cybersecurity initiatives.16 The request also identifies several cybersecurity
initiatives and enhancements, including enterprise vulnerability scanning and network intrusion
detection modernization, which the Biden Administration intends to prioritize. While the request
reflects a $538 million reduction due to suspended operations at the U.S. Embassy in
Afghanistan, it also calls for nearly $42 million to implement an agreement the United States
reached with Qatar to provide some consular services to U.S. citizens in Afghanistan and monitor
the condition of U.S. diplomatic facilities there.17 With regard to ESCM, the request includes the
State Department’s $940 million ESCM funding share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing and
Maintenance Cost Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the construction and maintenance
of U.S. diplomatic posts. The Administration maintains that this request, when combined with
contributions from other agencies with overseas personnel, will fund these programs at the $2.2
billion level recommended by the State Department Accountability Review Board convened after
the 2012 terrorist attack against U.S. personnel in Benghazi, Libya.18

14 The FY2022 enacted appropriation for the diplomatic security accounts totaled $5,771,348,000. The FY2023 request
for these accounts totaled $5,771,528,000.
15 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it
is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
16 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 37.
17 Ibid., p. 19; Humeyra Pamuk and Jonathan Landay, “Blinken says Qatar to act as U.S. diplomatic representative in
Afghanistan,” Reuters, November 12, 2021.
18 Ibid., p. 37.
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Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43
international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the
U.N. system (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture
Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO).19 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. peacekeeping
missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.20
The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various
SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 SFOPS request includes a combined $3.99 billion for these
accounts. This request comprises a 26.1% increase from the FY2022 enacted funding level. Table
5 illustrates recent funding for each account.
Table 5. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds)
FY2023
Request as
% Change
from
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2022
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
Total
Contributions to International Organizations
1,505.93
1,662.93
1,658.24
-0.28%
Contributions for International Peacekeeping
1,456.21
1,498.61
2,327.24
55.29%
Activities
Total
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
26.06%
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; CRS
calculations.
Notes: Percentage changes may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding.
Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s request seeks $150 million to begin paying
U.S. arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the intention of rejoining the organization. The United
States previously withheld funding to UNESCO after the organization admitted the Palestinians
as a member in 2011 pursuant to U.S. laws prohibiting funding to U.N. entities that take such
actions. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.21The Biden Administration is
also seeking a waiver to allow it to expend these funds, which Congress previously refrained from
providing when the Administration included funding for UNESCO in its FY2022 request.22 The

19 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-50.
20 Ibid., pp. 52-55.
21 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield.
22 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 37, 50. CRS Report R46935, Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
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FY2023 request further calls for nearly $58 million to support increased funding for NATO’s civil
budget, which funds personnel expenses, operating costs, and program expenditures at the NATO
Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.23 The Biden Administration asserts that increased funding for
the civil budget will enable NATO to “maintain its technological and operational edge in the
evolving strategic and security environment that includes threats and challenges such as a more
aggressive and assertive Russia and China, the need for strengthened cybersecurity, and threats
posed by emerging and destructive technologies.”24
With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration maintains that its FY2023 request advances its
intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at its current assessed rate
of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions Congress has
kept in place since the 1990s due to concerns that assessed rates are too high.25 The
Administration is also once again requesting language to authorize the State Department to pay
assessed contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a
measure in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations law despite the State Department’s request.26 The
FY2023 request also includes $620 million for the State Department to pay some peacekeeping
arrears accrued from FY2017 to FY2020 due to the 25% cap and an additional $110.3 million to
pay arrears from the 2021-2022 peacekeeping year (also due to the cap).27 The Biden
Administration similarly sought additional funding as part of its FY2022 request for CIPA to pay
down arrears accumulated over the previous four years, yet Congress funded CIPA at a level
much closer to the FY2021 appropriation for that account.28
Foreign Operations Highlights
SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in
the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill,
which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.29 The FY2023 request for
Foreign Operations totals $47.42 billion, an increase of 15.8% over FY2022 enacted base funding
and 6.4% below total FY2022 enacted funding. The total foreign assistance request, including

Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
23 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
Funding NATO, April 1, 2022. The Administration notes that this request is an estimate subject to the final outcome of
2023 NATO budget negotiations that will conclude in June 2022.
24 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49.
25 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State
Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the
application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S.
balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full.
However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed
for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of
about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by Luisa Blanchfield.
26 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 52; CRS Report R46935, Department of
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
27 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 52.
28 For additional detail, see CRS Report R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs:
FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 10-12.
29 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance:
An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.
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food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation, is $49.39 billion. See Table 6 for a more
detailed breakdown of foreign assistance funding by type.
Table 6. Foreign Assistance by Type, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S dollars)
FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from
Type
Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
USAID Administration
1,752.45
2,003.15
2,112.95
7.03%
5.48%
Global Health Programs
13,195.95
9,830.00
10,576.00
7.59%
7.59%
Global Health Programs, Mandatory

6,500.00

(non-add)c
Non-Health Development
17,797.04
11,344.19
10,644.49
12.55%
-6.17%
Assistanced
Humanitarian Assistancee
11,467.46
15,903.85
10,451.36
22.13%
-34.28%
Independent Agencies
1,393.50
1,404.50
1,431.50
1.92%
1.92%
Security Assistance
9,004.03
9,579.35
8,999.78
1.13%
-6.05%
Multilateral Assistance
2,620.82
2,374.46
4,726.72
99.06%
99.06%
Export Promotion
264.99
323.80
451.05
39.30%
39.30%
Foreign Assistance Total
57,496.24
52,763.30
49,393.85
15.07%
-6.39%
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-
2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act
2022 (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and
Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) and the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L.
117-70).
c. Historically, funding for all Foreign Operations appropriations accounts has been discretionary;
Administration budget requests for SFOPS have remained consistent with that approach. For FY2023,
however, the Biden Administration is requesting $6.5 bil ion in mandatory budget authority for Global
Health Programs. This mandatory line is considered a “non-add” in the budget request and therefore is not
included in the total. For more information, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” below.
d. Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food
for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations).
e. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
The Administration asserts that the FY2023 budget request will, among other priorities, support
U.S. efforts to combat COVID-19 abroad, invest in climate mitigation and adaptation programs,
lead global humanitarian assistance vis-a-vis other donors in countries such as Ukraine and
Afghanistan, address root causes of migration, and defend democratic institutions globally.30 The
request also includes funding to increase USAID Direct Hire staff by 200 (100 Civil Service and
100 Foreign Service) and invest in agency systems to support the proposed overall increase in
funding and program operations. For more detail on selected sectors, see “Foreign Operations
Sectors” below.

30 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 74-77.
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Foreign Operations Sectors
Global Health Programs (GHP)31
The Administration requests $10.58 billion for Global Health Programs (GHP) funding for
FY2023. This represents a 7.6% increase from FY2022 enacted funding levels. The majority of
the proposed increase is targeted towards expanding family planning and reproductive health
programs (9.2%), raising U.S. contributions to the multilateral Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund, 28.2%), and bolstering global health security (42.1%)—
the latter of which includes strengthening health systems worldwide and enhancing their capacity
to fight diseases with pandemic potential, such as COVID-19.32 The Administration maintains
historical practices of requesting the bulk (70%) of GHP funds for fighting HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis (TB), and malaria through the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
(PEPFAR) and the Global Fund (see Table 7). The request also includes $10 million for
establishing a new Health Resilience Fund.33 The Administration seeks decreases in five
subaccounts: HIV/AIDS funding (-9.5%), Maternal and Child Health (-1.2%), Nutrition (-3.3%),
Tuberculosis (-5.7%), and Vulnerable Children (-9.1%).
Notably, the request includes a proposal to make available $6.5 billion in “mandatory” funding
“to make transformative investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological
threat preparedness” over five years. 34 The Administration does not count these funds in its
FY2023 international affairs budget request total. It is unclear from what subaccounts these funds
would be drawn and what portion of this funding would need to be appropriated given references
to related funding in previous fiscal years. For example, the budget proposal includes within the
multi-year funding commitment pledges by the Administration to the Coalition for Epidemic
Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI) and other stakeholders in previous fiscal years, and amounts
provided through P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), subject to Congressional
approval. The Administration counts $1.05 billion of the FY2023 global health security request
($775 million from USAID and $250 million from the Department of State) towards the multi-
year funding authority.
The budget request includes a reduction in bilateral funding for fighting HIV/AIDS and TB
worldwide accompanied by a proposed boost in funding for the multilateral Global Fund to fight
the diseases. Similarly, the bulk ($4.50 billion) of the five-year $6.50 billion “mandatory” budget
request would be provided to the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO). These
proposals raise questions about the Administration’s views on the relative roles of bilateral and
multilateral assistance in confronting global health threats.

31 Prepared by Sara Tharakan, CRS Analyst in Global Health and International Development.
32 The Administration proposes that the increases be used to “mitigate program losses ... due to COVID-19.” U.S.
Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification.
33 Ibid. The Health Resilience Fund will be managed by USAID and aimed at supporting “cross-cutting health systems
strengthening in challenging environments or countries emerging from crisis. The Administration is requesting that
these funds be issued as no-year funding.
34 FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification, p. 146.
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Table 7. Global Health Appropriations by Subaccount, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2023 Request
as % Change
from FY2022
GHP Subaccount
FY2021 Enacted
FY2022 Enacted
FY2023 Request
Total
HIV/AIDS
4,370.0
4,390.0
4,370.0
-0.46%
Global Fund
1,560.0
1,560.0
2,000.0
28.21%
GHS

250.0

Total, State-GHP
5,930.0
5,950.0
6,620.0
11.26%
HIV/AIDS
330.0
330.0
330.0
0.00%
Tuberculosis
319.0
371.5
350.0
-5.79%
Malaria
770.0
775.0
780.0
0.65%
MCH
855.0
890.0
879.5
-1.18%
Nutrition
150.0
155.0
150.0
-3.33%
Vulnerable Children
25.0
27.5
25.0
-9.09%
FP/RH
524.0
524.0
572.0
9.16%
NTDs
102.5
107.5
114.5
6.51%
GHS
190.0
700.0
755.0
7.96%
Total, USAID-GHP
3,265.5
3,880.5
3,956.0
1.96%
Emergency GHP
4,000.0

Total, GHP
13,195.5
9,830.0
10,576.0
7.59%
Mandatory GHP

6,500.0

(non-add)
Source: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L.
116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from
other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS).
MCH = Maternal and Child Health; FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health; NTDs = Neglected
Tropical Diseases; GHS = Global Health Security. “Mandatory” GHP refers to a request from the Administration
to make available $6.5 bil ion for the Department of State and USAID over five years “to make transformative
investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological threats preparedness.”
Humanitarian Assistance35
The U.S. government consistently provides about one-third of total global humanitarian
assistance to support those affected by conflict and natural disasters. Such assistance is generally
appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered by the State Department and
USAID, including the Migration and Refugee Assistance (MRA), Emergency Refugee and
Migration Assistance (ERMA), and International Disaster Assistance (IDA) accounts in the
SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the Agriculture

35 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, CRS Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.
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appropriation. Historically, Congress has appropriated global humanitarian funding well above
Administration budget requests.
The projected numbers of those displaced or requiring humanitarian assistance in 2022 are the
highest on record, and are expected to increase again with new emergencies like Ukraine.36 The
Biden Administration’s FY2023 budget request calls for $10.45 billion in humanitarian assistance
to support displaced and vulnerable persons and to invest in migration management, including
$4.70 billion for IDA, $3.91 billion for MRA, $1.74 billion for FFP, and $100 million for ERMA.
The request is about 4% above the Administration’s FY2022 budget request of $10.1 billion. Base
humanitarian funding enacted in FY2021 and FY2022 totaled $9.57 billion and $8.56 billion,
respectively; the total for each year increased with supplemental funding (primarily in response to
the Afghanistan and Ukraine crises) to $11.47 billion in FY2021 and $15.80 billion in FY2022
(Figure 3).
Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification, P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70,
and P.L. 117-103.
Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency
Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II.
Security Assistance
For FY2023, the Administration is requesting a total of $9.00 billion for security assistance
accounts, representing a 1.1% increase from FY2022 enacted base funding and a 6.1% decrease
from FY2022 total funding (Figure 4). The FY2022 enacted total included $680 million in
emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies in the region, of which $650
million was for Foreign Military Financing [FMF] and $30 million was for International
Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement [INCLE]. The largest proposed increase for FY2023 is
for INCLE, which would see a 5.4% increase from FY2022 enacted base funding and a 3.2%
increase from total FY2022 enacted funding. The Administration asserts that the proposed funds
would support global programming that “will reflect a heightened emphasis on advancing U.S.
objectives on anticorruption and will consolidate important investments in combating

36 The U.N. 2022 global humanitarian appeal for $41.00 billion is the highest ever and almost double the level from
five years ago. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Global Humanitarian Overview 2022,
December 2, 2021. U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, Mid-Year Trends Report, November 2021 (latest available).
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transnational organized crime (TOC) and other national security threats by addressing the opioid
crisis, financial crimes, cybercrime, wildlife trafficking, and police peacekeeping.”37
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification and P.L. 117-103.
Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping
Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE =
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
Approximately one third of the FY2023 foreign operations request is for non-health development
sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies (e.g., the
Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export
promotion and development finance agencies.
Non-Health Development Sectors
As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2023 does not specify dollar amounts for
many non-health development sectors but offers detail on program priorities within certain
sectors. (For FY2021 and FY2022 enacted levels for select development sectors, see Table 8).
Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the
non-health development sectors for FY2023 include climate mitigation and adaptation,
addressing root causes of migration, defending democratic institutions, promoting education and
food security, and spurring economic growth, particularly in countries that experienced severe
economic downturns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Table 8. Select Development Sectors, FY2021-FY2022
(In millions of U.S. dollars)
Sector
FY2021 Enacted
FY2022 Enacted
Democracy Programs (excluding NED)
2,417.00
2,600.00
Education (basic and higher)
1,235.00
1,200.00

37 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 118.
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Sector
FY2021 Enacted
FY2022 Enacted
Cooperative Development Programs
18.50
18.50
American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA)
30.00
31.50
Food Security
1,010.60
1,010.60
Environment
986.66
1,295.00
Water and Sanitation
450.00
475.00
Gender
560.00
560.00
Trafficking in Persons
99.00
106.40
Reconciliation Programs
25.00
25.00
Micro and Small Enterprise
265.00
265.00
Source: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
Independent Agencies
The Biden Administration’s budget proposal for FY2023 includes $1.43 billion for independent
agencies, a 1.9% increase from FY2022 enacted levels. Both the Peace Corps and Millennium
Challenge Corporation would see funding increases under the request (4.9% and 2.0%,
respectively) when compared to FY2022 enacted levels, and the Inter-American Foundation and
U.S. African Development Foundation would see funding decreases (-9.5% and -17.5%,
respectively).38
Multilateral Assistance
The Administration proposes a near doubling of funding for multilateral assistance for FY2023
when compared to FY2022 enacted levels. This increase is largely a result of proposed
investments in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Climate Investment Funds, which the
Administration contends would “accelerate progress toward meeting the goals of the Paris
Agreement by assisting developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to
climate change and building resilience, and investing in sustainable infrastructure.”39 The
Administration had proposed funding for both the GCF and Climate Investment Funds for
FY2022; both the House-passed and Senate drafted SFOPS bills for FY2022 included funds for
the GCF ($1.60 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively), however the FY2022 consolidated
appropriation did not include any funding for GCF or the proposed Climate Investment Funds.40
The request includes other substantial changes to multilateral assistance accounts when compared
to FY2022 enacted levels. These include a significant increase to the International Development
Association (42.8%); significant decreases to the Asian Development Fund (-18.2%), African

38 For more on the Peace Corps, see CRS Report RS21168, The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.
For more on the Millennium Challenge Corporation, see CRS Report RL32427, Millennium Challenge Corporation:
Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.
39 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 135.
40 House-passed SFOPS was H.R. 4373, Senate-drafted SFOPS was S. 3075, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act,
2022 was P.L. 117-103. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L. 117-103 did not include details on the
decision not to fund GCF for FY2022.
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Development Fund (-18.9%), and the International Monetary Fund (-80.4%); and a zeroing out of
the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program.
Regional Assistance
As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding
allocations that capture all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian
assistance is proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be
allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities.
The Administration, however, did propose regional funding for certain accounts. These include
GHP; DA; ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security
assistance accounts. Compared to FY2021 actuals (including emergency funding), for FY2023,
the Administration proposes the largest increase in funding for the Western Hemisphere (58.4%),
followed by Europe and Eurasia, South and Central Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific; the
proposal reduces funding from FY2022 levels for both sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East
(Figure 5). The Administration also sets out priorities for certain regions, including addressing
the root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance in Central America;
countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe
and Eurasia; and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy.
Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2021 Actual vs. FY2023 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification.
Notes: FY2021 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2021 Actual includes emergency
funding.
General Provisions
The SFOPS General Provisions (generally Title VII of the bill) set policy; direct, condition, and
restrict appropriated funding; and outline notification and reporting requirements among other
functions. As many SFOPS appropriations accounts do not receive regular reauthorization,
legislative language related to policy priorities is often found in the General Provisions title.
While some sections remain unchanged from year to year, others are dynamic, indicating
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Members’ use of the General Provisions—and the SFOPS appropriations measure more
broadly—to address current and emerging global issues.
For FY2023, the Administration is requesting legislative language in a number of areas to address
its policy priorities. Selected examples of such requests include the following:
 Consular and Border Security Programs. The Biden Administration has
requested General Provisions pertaining to consular fees the State Department
collects and deposits into the Consular and Border Security programs account to
fund consular services.41 One proposal would authorize the State Department to
adjust machine-readable visa fees to account for the costs it incurs for consular
services for which there is currently no fee or surcharge collected, or for which
the State Department is required to remit the applicable fee or surcharge to the
Treasury. The State Department requested an additional General Provision that
would, among other measures, amend the fee collection and expenditure
authorities for passport and immigrant visa surcharges to encompass a broader
array of consular services.42
 Global Engagement Center Extension. The authorizing statute for the State
Department’s Global Engagement Center, which is responsible for leading inter-
agency efforts to recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign state and
non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at the United States and
its allies and partners, currently provides that the GEC will terminate on
December 23, 2024.43 The Biden Administration is requesting a General
Provision that would extend this date to December 31, 2027.44
 Build Back Better World (B3W) Fund. The Administration is requesting that
Congress make available up to $350 million of Title III funds for a new B3W
Fund that would provide for “assistance, including through contributions, to
address climate, health and health security, digital connectivity, and gender
equity.”45 Such funds would be in addition to SFOPS funding made available for
such purposes elsewhere in the bill.
Outlook
As Congress holds subcommittee hearings (expected to start in late April 2022) on the FY2023
budget request and begins drafting legislation, issues that may feature in debates include
Ukraine. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine affected consideration of FY2022 SFOPS appropriations
and is expected to remain a subject of debate in the FY2023 budget cycle. For FY2022, the
Administration submitted to Congress a supplemental funding request that included $5.00 billion
for SFOPS funding to address security, economic, and humanitarian needs in Ukraine and
neighboring countries.46 Congress included $6.80 billion in emergency SFOPS funds in the

41 The authorization statute for the Consular and Border Security Programs account can be accessed as codified at 8
U.S.C. §1715.
42 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 50-51.
43 See “Global Engagement Center” at 22 U.S.C. §2656 note and U.S. Department of State, “Global Engagement
Center.”
44 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 54.
45 Office of Management and Budget, FY2023 Budget Appendix, p. 886.
46 Letter from Shalanda Young, Acting Director, Office of Management and Budget, to Hon. Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of
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FY2022 omnibus (P.L. 117-103) for such purposes. As the fighting in Ukraine continues and the
displacement crisis worsens, Congress may consider further supplemental appropriations to
provide immediate aid to the region and/or regular appropriations in anticipation of longer-term
assistance to stabilize and rebuild the country after the war’s conclusion.47
COVID-19. Congress may continue to debate how, if at all, to address the global COVID-19
response in the FY2023 SFOPS bill. The FY2022 supplemental funding request included $4.25
billion for SFOPS accounts to “support the global COVID-19 pandemic response.”48 Such funds
were proposed to support the U.S. Government’s Global VAX initiative, procure and distribute
therapeutics and other related medical supplies, and provide humanitarian assistance to vulnerable
populations. The draft FY2022 omnibus included supplemental funds to address COVID-19,
including $5.00 billion for SFOPS accounts.49 However, prior to the bill’s passage, and reportedly
in response to a lack of bipartisan support for such funds, the COVID-19 funds were removed
from the measure.50 At an April 2022, event, Deputy Secretary of State Brian McKeon suggested
that the Administration would continue to advocate for additional funding to address COVID-19
abroad and that Congress could enact such funds in supplemental funding measures such as one
that would also address continued security, humanitarian, and economic assistance needs in
Ukraine.51
State Department Information Technology Enterprise Modernization. As part of the
Administration’s “Modernization of American Diplomacy” initiative, Secretary of State Antony
Blinken is prioritizing enhancing the State Department’s information technology (IT)
infrastructure.52 The State Department has faced several cyberattacks and was among the federal
agencies targeted in the so-called “SolarWinds” cyber espionage campaign that the U.S.
government attributed to the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).53 The State
Department’s Office of Inspector General has also identified “information security and
management” among the major management challenges the State Department faces in annual
reporting going back to at least FY2016. In addition to aforementioned funding for cybersecurity
requested for the Diplomatic Programs account (see above), the State Department is requesting
$470.2 million for its Capital Investment Fund for IT programs, or 57% more than Congress
appropriated in FY2022. Stated uses for this funding include modernizing the State Department’s

the House, March 2, 2022.
47 Some have suggested that more needs to be done to invest in Ukraine’s long-term needs. For example, European
Budget Commissioner Johannes Hahn reportedly announced on April 6th that Ukraine would need an “updated model
of the Marshall Plan.” “Ukraine needs new Marshall Plan after Russian invasion -EU Commission,” Reuters, April 6,
2022.
48 Letter from Shalanda Young, March 2, 2022.
49 Division M included $15 million for Diplomatic Programs, $35 million for USAID’s Operating Expenses, $4.45
billion for Global Health Programs, $425 million for International Disaster Assistance, and $75 million for Migration
and Refugee Assistance.
50 For example, a March 2, 2022, letter from 36 Senators to President Biden noted that “before [they] would consider
supporting an additional $30 billion for COVID-19 relief, Congress must receive a full accounting of how the
government has already spent the first $6 trillion.” Letter from Senators Mitt Romney et al. to President Joseph R.
Biden, March 2, 2022.
51 Noted during the question and answer portion of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition’s April 6, 2022, event titled
Modernizing Foreign Aid: Building a State Department for the 21st Century. Event recording available at
https://www.usglc.org/events/modernizing-foreign-aid-building-a-state-department-for-the-21st-century/.
52 U.S. Department of State, “Secretary Antony J. Blinken on the Modernization of American Diplomacy,” October 27,
2021.
53 White House Fact Sheet, “Imposing Costs for Harmful Foreign Activities by the Russian Government,” April 15,
2021.
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IT systems, including financial, personnel, and logistics systems; updating critical enterprise
software licenses; and increasing cloud security.54

54 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 31.
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Appendix A. SFOPS Funding by Account
Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)
FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related Agencies TOTAL
17,233.05
17,724.68
18,577.45
7.92%
4.81%
(4,201.42)
(511.20)
Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal
12,891.92
13,072.31
13,181.51
4.73%
0.84%
(3,399.19)
(486.20)
Diplomatic Programs
8,963.14
9,348.09
9,637.80
5.00%
3.10%
(2,070.00)
(169.30)
of which Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
0.67%
0.67%
(2,226.12)
Consular and Border Security Programs
300.00

(300.00)
Capital Investment Fund
250.00
300.00
470.18
56.73%
56.73%
Office of Inspector General
145.73
135.46
133.70
1.71%
-1.30%
(54.90)
(4.00)
Educational & Cultural Exchanges
740.30
753.00
741.30
-1.55%
-1.55%
Representation Expenses
7.42
7.42
7.42
0.00%
0.00%
Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials
30.89
30.89
30.89
0.00%
0.00%
Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance
1,950.45
1,983.15
1,957.82
-1.28%
-1.28%
(824.29)
of which Worldwide Security Upgrades
1,181.39
1,132.43
1,055.21
-6.82%
-6.82%
(824.29)
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FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Emergencies in the Diplomatic & Consular Services
157.89
320.79
8.89
12.68%
-97.23%
(312.90)
Repatriation Loans Program
2.50
1.30
1.30
0.00%
0.00%
Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan
31.96
32.58
32.58
0.00%
0.00%
International Chancery Center
2.74
0.74
0.74
0.00%
0.00%
Sudan Claims
150.00
0.00

(150.00)
Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory)
158.90
158.90
158.90
0.00%
0.00%
International Organizations, Subtotal
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
26.06%
26.06%
(802.23)
Contributions to International Organizations
1,505.93
1,662.93
1,658.24
-0.28%
-0.28%
(96.24)
Contributions to International Peacekeeping
1,456.21
1,498.61
2,327.24
55.29%
55.29%
(705.99)
International Commissions, Subtotal (Function 300)
176.62
180.85
168.71
-6.72%
-6.72%
International Boundary/U.S. Mexico
98.77
103.00
101.74
-1.23%
-1.23%
American Sections
15.01
15.01
13.20
-12.02%
-12.02%
International Fisheries
62.85
62.85
53.77
-14.45%
-14.45%
Agency for Global Media, Subtotal
802.96
885.00
840.00
-2.33%
-5.08%
(25.00)
Broadcasting Operations
793.26
875.30
830.30
-2.35%
-5.14%
(25.00)
Capital Improvements
9.70
9.70
9.70
0.00%
0.00%
Related Programs, Subtotal
385.12
410.67
387.39
-5.67%
-5.67%
CRS-21

link to page 30 link to page 30
FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Asia Foundation
20.00
21.50
20.00
-6.98%
-6.98%
U.S. Institute of Peace
45.00
54.00
47.25
-12.50%
-12.50%
Center for Middle East-West Dialogue
0.20
0.18
0.18
-1.67%
-1.67%
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship
0.09
0.17
0.18
2.94%
2.94%
Israeli-Arab Scholarship
0.12
0.12
0.09
-23.53%
-23.53%
East-West Center
19.70
19.70
19.70
0.00%
0.00%
National Endowment for Democracy
300.00
315.00
300.00
-4.76%
-4.76%
Other Commissions, Subtotal
14.30
14.30
14.36
0.44%
0.44%
Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad
0.64
0.64
0.66
2.02%
2.02%
International Religious Freedom
4.50
4.50
4.50
0.00%
0.00%
Security & Cooperation in Europe
2.91
2.91
2.91
0.00%
0.00%
Cong.-Exec. on People’s Republic of China
2.25
2.25
2.30
2.22%
2.22%
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
4.00
4.00
4.00
0.00%
0.00%
Foreign Operations, TOTAL
54,726.24
50,686.30
47,423.73
15.81%
-6.44%
(19,733.58)
(9,737.10)
Title II. Administration of Foreign Assistance
1,752/45
2,003.15
2,112.95
7.03%
5.48%
(41.00)
(29.00)
USAID Operating Expenses
1,418.75
1,660.95
1,743.35
6.57%
4.96%
(41.00)
(25.00)
USAID Capital Investment Fund
258.20
258.20
289.10
11.97%
11.97%
USAID Inspector General
75.50
84.00
80.50
0.63%
-4.17%
(4.00)
CRS-22

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FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Title III. Bilateral Assistance
41,083.95
36,405.54
31,133.24
13.72%
-14.48%
(18,210.46)
(9,028.10)
Global Health Programs
13,195.95
9,830.00
10,576.00
7.59%
7.59%
(4,000.00)
of which USAID
7,265.95
3,880.00
3,956.00
1.96%
1.96%
(4,000)
of which State
5,930.00
5,950.00
6,620.00
11.26%
11.26%
Global Health Programs (mandatory, non-add)

6,500.00

Development Assistance
3,500.00
4,140.49
4,769.79
15.20%
15.20%
International Disaster Assistance
4,395.36
6,955.46
4,699.36
20.33%
-32.44%
(1,914.04)
(3,050.00)
Transition Initiatives
92.04
200.00
102.00
27.50%
-49.00%
(120.00)
Complex Crisis Fund
30.00
60.00
40.00
-33.33%
-33.33%
Economic Support Fund
12,526.96
4,746.00
4,122.46
0.57%
-13.14%
(9,375.00)
(647.00)
Democracy Fund
290.70
340.70
290.70
-14.68%
-14.68%
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia
770.33
1,620.00
984.43
96.89%
-39.23%
(1,120.00)
Migration & Refugee Assistance
4,032.00
4,727.19
3,912.00
34.33%
-17.24%
(2,301.42)
(1,815.00)
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance
500.10
2,276.20
100.00
99900.00%
-95.61%
(500.00)
(2,276.10)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,393.50
1,404.50
1,431.50
1.92%
1.92%
CRS-23

link to page 30 link to page 30
FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Peace Corps
410.50
410.50
430.50
4.87%
4.87%
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
912.00
912.00
930.00
1.97%
1.97%
Inter-American Foundation
38.00
42.00
38.00
-9.52%
-9.52%
U.S. Africa Development Foundation
33.00
40.00
33.00
-17.50%
-17.50%
Dept. of the Treasury, Subtotal
357.00
105.00
105.00
0.00%
0.00%
(120.00)
International Affairs Technical Assistance
33.00
38.00
38.00
0.00%
0.00%
Treasury Debt Restructuring
324.00
67.00
67.00
0.00%
0.00%
(120.00)
Title IV. International Security Assistance
9,004.03
9,579.35
8,999.78
1.13%
-6.05%
(902.12)
(680.00)
International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement
1,385.57
1,412.00
1,466.00
5.39%
3.17%
(30.00)
Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining
889.25
900.00
900.25
0.03%
0.03%
Peacekeeping Operations
440.76
455.00
463.56
1.88%
1.88%
(325.21)
International Military Education & Training
112.93
112.93
112.93
0.00%
0.00%
Foreign Military Financing
6,175.52
6,690.42
6,057.05
0.28%
-9.47%
(576.91)
(650.00)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance
2,620.82
2,374.46
4,726.72
99.06%
99.06%
(580.00)
International Organizations & Programs
967.50
423.00
457.20
8.09%
8.09%
(580.00)
Int'l Bank for Reconstruction & Development
206.50
206.50
206.50
0.00%
0.00%
CRS-24

link to page 30 link to page 30
FY2023
FY2023
Request as %
Request as %
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
Change from
Change from

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
FY2022 Base
FY2022 Total
Global Environment Facility
139.58
149.29
150.20
0.61%
0.61%
International Development Association
1,001.40
1,001.40
1,430.26
42.83%
42.83%
Asian Development Fund
47.40
53.32
43.61
-18.22%
-18.22%
African Development Bank
54.65
54.65
54.65
0.00%
0.00%
African Development Fund
171.30
211.30
171.30
-18.93%
-18.93%
Green Climate Fund
0.00
0.00
1,600.00

Climate Investment Funds

550.00

Clean Technology Fund
0.00
125.00

-100.00%
-100.00%
International Monetary Fund

102.00
20.00
-80.39%
-80.39%
International Fund for Agricultural Development
32.50
43.00
43.00
0.00%
0.00%
Global Agriculture & Food Security Program
2,620.82
5.00

-100.00%
-100.00%
Title VI. Export Assistance
264.99
323.80
451.05
39.30%
39.30%
Export-Import Bank (net)
54.80
-74.50
-202.09
171.26%
171.26%
U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net.)
130.69
318.80
555.13
74.13%
74.13%
Trade and Development Agency
79.50
79.50
98.00
23.27%
23.27%
SFOPS Total
71,959.29
68,410.98
66,001.18
13.48%
-3.52%
(23,935.00)
(10,248.30)
Rescissions, net
-580.53
-1,903.78
-65.00
-96.59%
-96.59%
(-425.12)
SFOPS Total, Net of Rescissions
71,378.76
66,507.20
65,936.18
17.20%
-0.86%
(23,509.88)
(10,248.30)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. Numbers may not add due to rounding. “n.a.” = not applicable.
CRS-25

a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the
American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental
funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) and the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L.
117-70).

CRS-26

link to page 31 link to page 31 SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix B. International Affairs Budget
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular,
international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture
Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade
Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of
the International Affairs Function 150 account.
Table B-1. International Affairs Budget: FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as
OCO or emergency funds)
FY2023
FY2023
Request as
Request as
% Change
% Change
from
from
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2022
FY2022

Actuala
Enactedb
Request
Base
Total
State-Foreign Operations,
71,202.14
66,326.35
65,767.48
17.28%
-0.84%
excluding Commissions
(23,509.88)
(10,248.30)
Commerce-Science-Justice
105.37
112.43
109.32
-2.77%
-2.77%
Foreign Claims Settlement
2.37
2.43
2.50
2.71%
2.71%
Commission
Int’l Trade Commission
103.00
110.00
106.82
-2.89%
-2.89%
Agriculture
2,770.00
2,077.00
1,970.11
-0.35%
-5.15%
(800.00)
(100.00)
Food for Peace Act, Title II
2,540.00
1,840.00
1,740.00
0.00%
-5.43%
(800.00)
(100.00)
McGovern-Dole
230.00
237.00
230.11
-2.91%
-2.91%
Total International Affairs
74,077.50
68,515.78
67,846.91
16.64%
-0.98%
(150)
(24,309.88)
(10,348.30)
Source: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or
supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger account number above them. Numbers may not
add due to rounding.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-
2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act
2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and
Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43) and the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L.
117-70).
Congressional Research Service

27

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix C. International Affairs Components
Figure C-1. International Affairs Components

Source: Created by CRS.

Author Information

Emily M. Morgenstern
Cory R. Gill
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy
Analyst in Foreign Affairs

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Congressional Research Service
R47070 · VERSION 1 · NEW
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