Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for
November 25, 2020
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related
Nathan James
Agencies (CJS)
Analyst in Crime Policy

This report describes actions taken to provide FY2021 appropriations for Commerce, Justice,
Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides

funding for the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census
Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National
Institute of Standards and Technology; the Department of Justice (DOJ), which includes agencies such as the Federal Bureau
of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the U.S. Attorneys; the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); the National Science Foundation (NSF); and several related
agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation (LSC) and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The Administration requests $74.801 billion for CJS for FY2021, which is $4.958 billion (-6.2%) less than the $79.759
billion appropriated for CJS for FY2020. The Administration’s request includes $8.318 billion for the Department of
Commerce, $32.916 billion for the Department of Justice, $32.994 billion for specified science agencies, and $574 million
for the related agencies. The Administration’s FY2021 budget proposes reduced funding for the Department of Commerce,
NSF, and most of the related agencies, and increased funding for DOJ and NASA. The proposed reduction in overall funding
for CJS is partially the result of a proposed $5.886 billion (-77.9%) decrease in funding for the Census Bureau, which, in
keeping with past precedent, receives less funding in the fiscal year after conducting the decennial census. The FY2021
budget request for CJS also includes reductions to several other CJS accounts along with proposals to eliminate several CJS
agencies and programs, including the Economic Development Administration (EDA), the Community Oriented Policing
Services (COPS) Office, NASA’s STEM Engagement Office (formerly the Office of Education), and the LSC.
The House Committee on Appropriations reported its FY2021 CJS bill (H.R. 7667) on July 14, 2020. The FY2021 CJS
appropriation bill was included in a minibus measure (H.R. 7617) that was passed by the House on July 31, 2020. The
House-passed bill would provide $75.380 billion for CJS for FY2021. This amount is $4.379 billion (-5.5%) less than the
$79.759 billion appropriated for FY2020, and $579 million (+0.8%) more than the Administration’s request. The bill would
provide $9.542 billion for the Department of Commerce, $33.580 billion for the Department of Justice, $31.186 billion for
specified science agencies, and $1.072 billion for the related agencies. The proposed decrease in funding relative to the
FY2020 appropriation is largely the result of decreased funding for the Census Bureau, noted above. The House Committee
on Appropriations also did not adopt many of the Administration’s proposals, such as eliminating the EDA, COPS Office,
NASA’s STEM Engagement Office, and LSC.
On November 10, 2020, the Senate Committee on Appropriations released bill text and explanatory statements for all 12
annual appropriations bills. The Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bill would provide $76.312 billion for CJS,
which is $3.447 billion (-4.3%) less than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.511 billion (+2.0%) more than the
Administration’s request. The draft bill includes $9.591 billion for the Commerce Department, $33.705 billion for the
Department of Justice, $31.981 billion for the science agencies, and $1.036 billion for the related age ncies. Like the House
bill, the decrease in overall funding for CJS recommended by the committee is largely attributable to a proposed decrease in
funding for the Census Bureau. Also, like the House, the Senate Committee on Appropriations declined to adopt many of the
Administration’s proposals for CJS.

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Contents
Overview of CJS............................................................................................................. 1
Department of Commerce ........................................................................................... 1
Department of Justice................................................................................................. 2
Science Offices and Agencies ...................................................................................... 3
Office of Science and Technology Policy ................................................................. 4
The National Space Council ................................................................................... 4
National Science Foundation.................................................................................. 4
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................................ 4

Related Agencies ....................................................................................................... 5
The Administration’s FY2021 Budget Request .................................................................... 5
House-Passed Bill (H.R. 7617).......................................................................................... 8
Senate Committee Draft Bill ............................................................................................. 9
FY2020 Supplemental Funding for CJS ............................................................................ 17
Historical Funding for CJS ............................................................................................. 18

Figures
Figure 1. Nominal and Inflation-Adjusted Funding for CJS; FY2010-FY2020 ........................ 19

Tables
Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS), FY2020,
FY2021 Request, House-Passed, and Senate Appropriations Committee Majority Draft
Bill .......................................................................................................................... 11

Table 2. FY2020 CJS Supplemental Funding..................................................................... 17
Table 3. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account; FY2010-FY2020 .......................... 21

Contacts
Author Information ....................................................................................................... 26


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Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS

his report describes actions taken to provide FY2021 appropriations for Commerce,
Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides
T information on FY2020 supplemental appropriations for CJS.
The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available at the start of the
fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated
balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any
scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the
balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, appropriations are rounded to the nearest
mil ion. However, percentage changes are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers,
meaning that in some instances there may be smal differences between the actual percentage
change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts
discussed in the report.
Overview of CJS
The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies.
Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as
the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ
provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons;
the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs
for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes
to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.1 The
annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal
Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Department of Commerce
The mission of the Department of Commerce is to “create the conditions for economic growth
and opportunity.”2 The department promotes “job creation and economic growth by ensuring fair
and reciprocal trade, providing the data necessary to support commerce and constitutional
democracy, and fostering innovation by setting standards and conducting foundational research
and development.”3 It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development,
technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting
weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department
pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open
new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also
invests in research and development to foster innovation.

1 Note that the science agencies funded in the CJS bill are not the only federal science agencies.
2 U.S. Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission,” https://www.commerce.gov/page/about-
commerce#mission, (hereinafter, Department of Commerce, “ About Commerce: Mission”).
3 Department of Commerce, “About Commerce: Mission.”
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The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the
following:
International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to strengthen the international
competitiveness of U.S. industry, promote trade and investment, and ensure fair
trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements;
Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) works to ensure an effective export control
and treaty compliance system and promote continued U.S. leadership in strategic
technologies by maintaining and strengthening adaptable, efficient, and effective
export controls and treaty compliance systems, along with active leadership and
involvement in international export control regimes;
Economic Development Administration (EDA) promotes innovation and
competitiveness, preparing American regions for growth and success in the
worldwide economy;
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) promotes the growth of
minority owned businesses through the mobilization and advancement of public
and private sector programs, policy, and research;
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a federal statistical agency that promotes a
better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing timely, relevant, and
accurate economic accounts data in an objective and cost-effective manner;
Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency that collects data and disseminates
information about the U.S. economy, society, and institutions, which fosters
economic growth, advances scientific understanding, and facilitates informed
decisions;
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the
President on communications and information policy;
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) fosters innovation,
competitiveness, and economic growth domestical y and abroad by providing
high-quality and timely examination of patent and trademark applications,
guiding domestic and international intel ectual property (IP) policy, and
delivering IP information and education worldwide;
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes U.S. innovation
and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards,
and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of
life; and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily
weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, climate monitoring, fisheries
management, coastal restoration, and support of marine commerce.
Department of Justice
DOJ’s mission is to “enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to
the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership
in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful
behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for al Americans.”4 DOJ also

4 U.S. Department of Justice, “ About DOJ,” http://www.justice.gov/about/about.html.
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provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch
department heads.
The major DOJ offices and agencies, and their functions, are described below:
Office of the United States Attorneys (USAO) prosecutes violations of federal
criminal laws, represents the federal government in civil actions, and initiates
proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the
United States;
United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal
judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized
assets, detains and transports al eged and convicted offenders, and apprehends
fugitives;
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal
law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intel igence
efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement
agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration for
the investigation of federal drug violations;
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law
violations; coordinates its efforts with other federal, state, and local law
enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intel igence systems;
regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legitimate controlled
substances; and conducts joint intel igence-gathering activities with foreign
governments;
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal
law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco,
firearms, and explosives;
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons; BOP) houses offenders sentenced to a
term of incarceration for a federal crime and provides for the operation and
maintenance of the federal prison system;
Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) provides federal leadership in
developing the nation’s capacity to reduce violence against women and
administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence,
dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the
Bureau of Justice Assistance; Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Institute of
Justice; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Office of Sex
Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking; and
Office of Victims of Crime; and
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) advances the practice of
community policing by the nation’s state, local, and tribal law enforcement
agencies through information and grant resources.
Science Offices and Agencies
The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a
wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and
fundamental discovery.
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Office of Science and Technology Policy
The primary function of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is to provide the
President and others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific,
engineering, and technological aspects of issues that require the attention of the federal
government.5 The OSTP director also manages the National Science and Technology Council,6
which coordinates science and technology policy across the executive branch of the federal
government, and cochairs the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,7 a
council of external advisors that provides advice to the President on matters related to science and
technology policy.
The National Space Council
The National Space Council, in the Executive Office of the President, is a coordinating body for
U.S. space policy. Chaired by the Vice President, it consists of the Secretaries of State, Defense,
Commerce, Transportation, and Homeland Security; the Administrator of NASA; and other senior
officials. The council was first established in 1988 through P.L. 100-685.8 The council ceased
operations in 1993, and was reestablished by the Trump Administration in June 2017.9
National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical
sciences and engineering. The foundation was established as an independent federal agency “to
promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure
the national defense; and for other purposes.”10 The NSF is a primary source of federal support
for U.S. university research in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. It is also responsible for
significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
education program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created to conduct civilian
space and aeronautics activities.11 It has four mission directorates. The Human Exploration and
Operations Mission Directorate is responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the
International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science
Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the
Mars rover Curiosity, and satel ites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission
Directorate develops new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced
propulsion and laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts

5 National Science and T echnology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282).
6 Executive Order 12881, issued November 23, 1993, established the National Science and T echnology Council.
7 Executive Order 13539, issued October 22, 2019, established the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and
T echnology.
8 T itle V of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (P.L. 100-685),
which was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on November 17, 1988, established the National Space
Council in the Executive Office of the President, effective February 1, 1989. President Bush established the council, its
members, and its functions through Executive Order 12675, issued on April 20, 1989.
9 Executive Order 13803, issued June 30, 2017.
10 T he National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (P.L. 81 -507).
11 National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568).
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research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA’s Office of STEM
Engagement (formerly the Office of Education) manages education programs for schoolchildren,
college and university students, and the general public.
Related Agencies
The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights informs the development of national civil rights
policy and enhances enforcement of federal civil rights laws;
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing federal
laws that make it il egal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee
because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender
identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or
genetic information;
International Trade Commission investigates the effects of dumped and
subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts global safeguard
investigations, adjudicates cases involving imports that al egedly infringe
intel ectual property rights, and serves as a resource for trade data and other trade
policy-related information;
Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a federal y funded nonprofit corporation
that provides financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans;
Marine Mammal Commission works for the conservation of marine mammals by
providing science-based oversight of domestic and international policies and
actions of federal agencies with a mandate to address human effects on marine
mammals and their ecosystems;
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative is responsible for developing and
coordinating U.S. international trade, commodity, and direct investment policy,
and overseeing negotiations with other countries; and
State Justice Institute is a federal y funded nonprofit corporation that awards
grants to improve the quality of justice in state courts and foster innovative,
efficient solutions to common issues faced by al courts.
The Administration’s FY2021 Budget Request
The Administration’s FY2021 budget request for CJS is $74.801 bil ion, which is $4.958 bil ion
(-6.2%) less than the $79.759 bil ion regular appropriation for CJS for FY2020 (see Table 1).
Congress also provided $3.185 bil ion in emergency supplemental funding for CJS accounts for
FY2020 (see Table 2). The Administration’s FY2021 request includes the following:
 $8.318 bil ion for the Department of Commerce, which is $6.903 bil ion
(-45.4%) less than the $15.221 bil ion provided for FY2020;
 $32.916 bil ion for the Department of Justice, which is $310 mil ion (+1.0%)
more than the $32.605 bil ion provided for FY2020;
 $32.994 bil ion for the science agencies, which is $2.080 bil ion (+6.7%) more
than the $30.915 bil ion provided for FY2020; and
 $574 mil ion for the related agencies, which is $445 mil ion (-43.7%) less than
the $1.019 bil ion provided for FY2020.
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The decrease in funding for the Department of Commerce is largely the result of a proposed
$5.886 bil ion (-77.9%) decrease in funding for the Census Bureau. For the past several fiscal
years, Congress has increased funding for the Census Bureau to help build capacity for
conducting the decennial 2020 Census. In keeping with past precedent, funding for the Census
Bureau peaks in the year in which the decennial census is conducted and it decreases sharply in
the following year (see “Historical Funding for CJS” for a discussion of this trend). However, the
proposed reduction in funding for the Department of Commerce is not only the result of reduced
funding for the Census Bureau. The Administration also proposes shuttering the EDA (though the
Administration requests some funding to help provide for an orderly closeout of the EDA’s
operations) and eliminating NIST’s Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) and NOAA’s
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund. In addition, the Administration proposes reducing
funding for several other Department of Commerce accounts, including the following:
 the International Trade Administration (-$36 mil ion, -7.0%);
 NIST’s Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (-$102
mil ion, -13.5%);
 NIST’s Industrial Technology Services account (-$137 mil ion, -84.4%);
 NOAA’s Operations, Research, and Facilities account (-$599 mil ion, -15.9%);
and
 NOAA’s Procurement, Acquisition, and Facilities account (-$64 mil ion, -4.2%).
The Administration also proposes a $32 mil ion (-75.5%) reduction for the Minority Business
Development Administration. It proposes changing the agency’s focus to being a policy office
that concentrates on advocating for the minority business community as a whole rather than
supporting individual minority business enterprises.
The Administration’s FY2021 budget includes a proposal to establish a Federal Capital Revolving
Fund, which would be administered by the General Services Administration (GSA).12 The
Administration proposes to transfer $294 mil ion from the proposed fund to NIST’s Construction
of Research Facilities account for renovating NIST’s Building 1 in Boulder, CO, which would be
repaid by NIST from future appropriations at $20 mil ion per year for 15 years.
While the Administration proposes increasing funding for most DOJ offices and agencies, the
budget request would reduce funding for the FBI (-$152 mil ion, -1.5%) and BOP (-$67
mil ion, -0.9%), though these reductions are the result of proposals for reducing funding for
construction-related accounts. The Administration also proposes reducing funding for two grant-
related DOJ accounts, State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$381 mil ion, -20.1%) and
Juvenile Justice Programs (-$93 mil ion, -28.9%). The Administration also proposes to eliminate
the COPS program as a separate account in DOJ and requests funding for COPS-related programs
under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account. The Administration proposes
eliminating the Community Relations Service and moving its functions to DOJ’s Civil Rights
Division.
The Administration’s FY2021 budget request would add two new accounts to DOJ. First, the
Administration proposes moving funding for the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA)

12 According to the NIST FY2021 congressional budget justification, “T he FY 2021 budget request proposes to use the
[Federal Capital Revolving Fund] FCRF to fund the completion of the $294 million renovation of NIST Building One
in Boulder, Colorado. In accordance with the principles and design of the FCRF, the FY 2021 budget requests
appropriations language designating the renovation as a project to be funded out of the FCRF along with 1/15 of the
renovation costs, or $19.6 million, for the first -year repayment back to the FCRF.”
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program to the DEA. Currently, HIDTA funding is administered by the Office of National Drug
Control Policy, which is a component of the Executive Office of the President. In addition, the
Administration proposes adding a Construction account for ATF. The Administration requested
this funding so the ATF can consolidate its laboratory facilities in Walnut Creek, CA and Atlanta,
GA.13
The annual CJS appropriations act traditional y includes an obligation cap of funds expended
from the Crime Victims Fund (CVF).14 The Administration’s FY2021 budget proposes a new
$2.300 bil ion annual permanent obligation cap for crime victims programs. Within this amount,
$499 mil ion would be for the OVW for programs authorized under the Violence Against Women
Act, $10 mil ion would be for oversight of Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) programs by the
Office of the Inspector General, $12 mil ion would be for developing innovative crime victims
services initiatives, and a set-aside of up to $115 mil ion would be for tribal victims assistance
grants. From the remaining amount, OVC would provide formula and discretionary grants to
states, local units of government, individuals, and other entities. The OVC also awards CVF
money to special y designated programs. Under the Administration’s proposal, the amount of the
mandatory appropriation would decrease if the balance on the CVF fal s below $5.000 bil ion in
future fiscal years.
Also, the Administration’s budget includes a proposal to transfer primary jurisdiction over federal
tobacco and alcohol anti-smuggling laws from the ATF to the Department of the Treasury’s Tax
and Trade Bureau (TTB).
The Administration’s budget request includes increased funding for NASA overal , but proposes
reduced funding for the Science account (-$832 mil ion, -11.7%) and eliminating the Office of
STEM Engagement (formerly the Office of Education). The Administration also proposes
renaming three of NASA’s accounts: the Space Technology account would be changed to the
Exploration Technology account, the Exploration account would be changed to the Deep Space
Exploration Systems account, and the Space Operations account would be changed to the Low
Earth Orbit and Spaceflight Operations account. Like the Administration’s FY2020 budget, the
FY2021 budget proposal does not appear to include a realignment of items that would be funded
from these accounts, which is what the Administration proposed in its FY2019 budget request.15
The FY2021 budget request includes reduced funding for NSF (-$537 mil ion, -6.5%), which
includes proposed reductions for the Research and Related Activities (-$524 mil ion, -7.8%),
Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (-$13 mil ion, -5.5%), and Education and
Human Resources (-$9 mil ion, -1.0%) accounts. The proposed reductions are partial y offset by
proposed increases for the Agency Operations and Award Management (+$9 mil ion, +2.6%) and
Office of the Inspector General (+$1 mil ion, +8.2%) accounts.
The Administration requests reduced funding for most of the related agencies, which includes a
proposal to close the LSC, though it requests some funding to help provide for an orderly
closeout of the LSC’s operations.

13 T he AT F asserts in its FY2021 congressional budget justification that its lease at its facility in Walnut Creek will
expire on October 31, 2021, and all contract options to extend the lease have been exhaust ed and the AT F must move
or close the laboratory.
14 For more information on how the CVF is funded, see CRS Report R42672, The Crime Victims Fund: Federal
Support for Victim s of Crim e
.
15 For more information on the Administration’s FY2019 budget request for NASA, see CRS Report R45237, Overview
of FY2019 Appropriations for Com m erce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
.
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House-Passed Bill (H.R. 7617)
The House Committee on Appropriations reported its FY2021 CJS appropriations bil (H.R.
7667) on July 14, 2020. On July 29, 2020, the House agreed to H.Res. 1067, which combined the
committee-reported CJS bil with five other committee-reported appropriations bil s (Defense
(H.R. 7617), Energy & Water (H.R. 7613), Financial Services (H.R. 7668), Labor-Health and
Human Services-Education (H.R. 7614), and Transportation-Housing and Urban Development
(H.R. 7617)) into a minibus appropriations bil (H.R. 7617). The House passed the minibus bil
on July 31, 2020.
The House-passed bil would provide $75.380 bil ion for CJS, which is $4.379 bil ion (-5.5%)
less than the regular FY2020 appropriation, and $579 mil ion (+0.8%) more than the
Administration’s request. The House-passed bil includes the following:
 $9.542 bil ion for the Commerce Department, which is $5.678 bil ion (-37.3%)
less than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.224 bil ion (+14.7%) more
than the Administration’s request;
 $33.580 bil ion for the Department of Justice, which is $975 mil ion (+3.0%)
more than the FY2020 regular appropriation and $664 mil ion (+2.0%) more than
the Administration’s request;
 $31.186 bil ion for the science agencies, which is $271 mil ion (+0.9%) more
than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.808 bil ion (-5.5%) less than the
Administration’s request; and
 $1.072 bil ion for the related agencies, which is $54 mil ion (+5.3%) more than
the FY2020 regular appropriation and $498 mil ion (+86.9%) more than the
Administration’s request.
The proposed decrease in overal CJS funding relative to the FY2020 regular appropriation is the
result of decreased funding for the Commerce Department, which reflects reduced funding for the
Census Bureau. In the past, appropriations for the Census Bureau have decreased in the fiscal
years following the completion of the decennial Census (see the “Historical Funding for CJS”
section for a discussion of this trend). The House-passed bil would provide $1.681 bil ion for the
Census Bureau, which is $5.877 bil ion (-77.8%) less than the FY2020 regular appropriation. The
House recommended funding increases relative to the FY2020 regular appropriation for most
accounts, with the exception of NIST’s Construction of Research Facilities account (-$33 mil ion,
-28.0%) and NOAA’s Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction account (-$7 mil ion, -0.4%).
In addition, the House-passed bil would fund al of the Commerce Department’s accounts at a
level above the Administration’s request, with the exception of NTIA (-$27 mil ion, -37.0%) and
Departmental Management (-$50 mil ion, -29.0%). The House also declined to adopt the
Administration’s proposals to eliminate the EDA, NIST’s MEP, and NOAA’s Pacific Coastal
Salmon Recovery Fund; change the focus of the MBDA; or transfer funds from the Federal
Capital Revolving Fund to NIST’s Construction of Research Facilities account.
The House recommends funding for nearly al DOJ accounts that is greater than the FY2020
regular appropriation, with the exception of the General Administration, Salaries and Expenses
(-$18 mil ion, -9.8%); FBI’s Construction account (-$433 mil ion, -89.3%); and BOP’s Building
and Facilities account (-$198 mil ion, -64.3%). The proposed reduction to the FBI’s Construction
account would result in an overal funding decrease for the FBI relative the FY2020 regular
appropriation, though the committee-reported bil includes an increase for the FBI’s Salaries and
Expenses account (+$235 mil ion, +2.5%). While the House-passed bil would fund many of
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DOJ’s accounts at a level above the FY2020 regular appropriation, the bil would fund several of
DOJ’s accounts at a level below the Administration’s request, including the following:
 Executive Office of Immigration Review (-$149 mil ion, -16.9%);
 USMS, Salaries and Expenses (-$124 mil ion, -7.7%);
 USMS, Federal Prisoner Detention (-$186 mil ion, -9.1%);
 DEA, Salaries and Expenses (-$67 mil ion, -2.8%); and
 ATF, Salaries and Expenses (-$88 mil ion, -5.3%).
The House did not adopt the Administration’s proposals to eliminate the Community Relations
Service and the COPS account; move HIDTA to the DEA; establish a permanent obligation cap
for the CVF; or transfer some of the ATF’s responsibilities to TTB. However, the House-passed
bil includes funding for a construction account for the ATF, though the bil would not fund the
account at the level requested by the Administration.
Overal funding for NASA in the House-passed bil is slightly greater (+$1 mil ion) than the
FY2020 regular appropriation. The House-passed bil would increase funding for the Aeronautics
(+$35 mil ion, +4.5%); STEM Engagement (+$7 mil ion, +5.8%); Safety, Security, and Mission
Services (+$40 mil ion, +1.4%); Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration
(+$46 mil ion, +12.2%); and the Office of the Inspector General (+$3 mil ion, +6.0%) accounts
and reduce funding for the Science (-$41 mil ion, -0.6%) and Space Operations (-$88
mil ion, -2.1%) accounts. The House-passed bil would fund NASA at a level that is $2.616
bil ion (-10.4%) below the Administration’s request. Under the House-passed bil , most of
NASA’s accounts would be funded at a level below the Administration’s request, with the
exception of the Aeronautics and Office of the Inspector General accounts, which would be
funded at the requested level, and the Science account, which would receive $791 mil ion
(+12.5%) more than the Administration’s request. The House did not adopt the Administration’s
proposal to eliminate the STEM Engagement account.
The House-passed bil would fund NSF at a level greater than the FY2020 regular appropriation
(+$270 mil ion, +3.3%) and the Administration’s request (+$807 mil ion, +10.4%). Al of the
NSF’s accounts would be funded at a level equal to or greater than the FY2020 regular
appropriation or the Administration’s request.
The House approved funding for the related agencies that is general y greater than the FY2020
regular appropriation and the Administration’s request. The House did not adopt the
Administration’s proposal to eliminate the LSC.
Senate Committee Draft Bill
On November 10, 2020, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, Senator Richard
Shelby, released drafts of al 12 annual appropriations bil s along with draft accompanying
explanatory statements.16 The release of the draft bil s was intended to further negotiations on
annual appropriations between the House and the Senate.17 Hereinafter, the draft of the CJS bil
and explanatory statement are referred to as “the Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft

16 T he 12 draft bills and explanatory statements are on the Committee’s website linked to the majority press release at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/committee-releases-fy21-bills-in-effort-to-advance-process-produce-
bipartisan-results.
17 See also the statement from the Senate Appropriations Committee Vice Chair, Senator Patrick Leahy, at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/minority/senate-approps-vice-chair-leahy-statement-on-the-release-of-the-
fy-2021-senate-appropriations-bills-.
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Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS

bil ” and “Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft explanatory statement.” The Senate
Appropriations Committee majority draft bil would provide $76.312 bil ion for CJS, which is
$3.447 bil ion (-4.3%) less than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.511 bil ion (+2.0%)
more than the Administration’s request. The draft bil includes the following:
 $9.591 bil ion for the Commerce Department, which is $5.629 bil ion (-37.0%)
less than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.274 bil ion (+15.3%) more
than the Administration’s request;
 $33.705 bil ion for the Department of Justice, which is $1.100 bil ion (+3.4%)
more than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $798 mil ion (+2.4%) more
than the Administration’s request;
 $31.981 bil ion for the science agencies, which is $1.066 bil ion (+3.4%) more
than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.014 bil ion (-3.1%) less than the
Administration’s request; and
 $1.036 bil ion for the related agencies, which is $17 mil ion (+1.7%) more than
the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $462 mil ion (+80.5%) more than the
Administration’s request.
As is the case with the House-passed bil , the proposed reduction in overal funding for CJS in the
Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil is the result of the Commerce Department
receiving a proposed decrease in funding, which is almost entirely attributable to a proposed
decrease in funding for the Census Bureau. The draft bil would provide $1.800 bil ion for the
Census Bureau, which is $5.759 bil ion (-76.2%) less than the FY2020 regular appropriation.
Other than the proposed decrease to the Census Bureau, the only other account in the Commerce
Department the committee proposes to fund at a level below the FY2020 regular appropriation is
NIST’s Construction of Research Facilities account (-$20 mil ion, -16.9%). The committee
recommends funding for most of the Commerce Department’s accounts at a level above the
Administration’s request, with the exception of BIS (-$5 mil ion, -3.6%) and NTIA (-$27 mil ion,
-36.9%). The Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil also does not include funding
for fisheries disaster assistance under NOAA. Like the House, the committee declined to adopt
the Administration’s proposals to eliminate the EDA, NIST’s MEP, and NOAA’s Pacific Coastal
Salmon Recovery Fund; change the focus of the MBDA; or transfer funds from the Federal
Capital Revolving Fund to NIST’s Construction of Research Facilities account.
The Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil would fund nearly al of DOJ’s accounts
at a level greater than the FY2020 regular appropriation, with the exception of BOP’s Buildings
and Facilities (-$181 mil ion, -58.8%) and the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$81
mil ion, -4.3%) accounts. The draft bil general y recommends funding for DOJ’s accounts at a
level above the Administration’s request, though there are some exceptions:
 Salaries and expenses for DOJ’s general administration (-$5 mil ion, -4.1%);
 Executive Office of Immigration Review (-$149 mil ion, -16.9%);
 General Legal Activities (-$18 mil ion, -1.9%);
 United States Attorneys (-$41 mil ion, -1.7%);
 USMS, Salaries and Expenses (-$118 mil ion, -7.3%);
 Interagency Law Enforcement (-$35 mil ion, -5.9%);
 DEA, Salaries and Expenses (-$8 mil ion, -0.3%);
 ATF, Salaries and Expenses (-$189 mil ion, -11.5%); and
 Research, Evaluation, and Statistics (-$6 mil ion, -6.4%).
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The committee’s draft bil does not include the Administration’s proposals to eliminate the
Community Relations Service and the COPS account, move HIDTA to the DEA, establish a
permanent obligation cap for the CVF, transfer some of the ATF’s responsibilities to TTB, or
provide funding for the ATF’s construction account.
The Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil would provide $23.495 bil ion for
NASA, which is $866 mil ion (+3.8%) more than the FY2020 regular appropriation, and $1.750
bil ion (-6.9%) less than the Administration’s request. The draft bil would fund al of NASA
accounts, with the exception of Space Operations (-$152 mil ion, -3.7%), at amounts greater than
or equal to the FY2020 regular appropriation. The committee proposed lower levels of funding,
relative to the Administration’s request, to five of NASA’s accounts:
 Space Technology (-$372 mil ion, -23.6%);
 Exploration (-$2.055 bil ion, -23.5%);
 Space Operations (-$199 mil ion, -4.8%);
 Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$73 mil ion, -2.4%); and
 Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration (-$149
mil ion, -27.6%).
The committee declined to adopt the Administration’s proposal to eliminate the STEM
Engagement account.
The Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil would provide $8.478 bil ion for NSF,
which is $200 mil ion (+2.4%) more than the FY2020 regular appropriation and $737 mil ion
(+9.5%) more than the Administration’s request. The committee-recommended funding for each
of NSF’s accounts is greater than the FY2020 regular appropriation, with the exception of the
Major Research Facilities and Construction account (-$3 mil ion, -1.4%). Proposed funding for
the NSF’s accounts is also greater than the Administration’s request, with the exception of the
Agency Operations and Award Management account (-$1 mil ion, -0.2%).
The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommends funding for al of the related agencies that
is greater than the FY2020 regular appropriation. Committee-recommended funding for the
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (-$4 mil ion, -6.7%) and the State Justice Institute (-$1
mil ion, -12.5%) is less than the Administration’s request. The committee declined to adopt the
Administration’s proposal to eliminate the LSC.
Table 1 outlines the FY2020 funding, the Administration’s FY2021 request, the House-passed,
and the Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil amounts for the Department of
Commerce, the Department of Justice, the science agencies, and the related agencies.
Table 1. Funding for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS),
FY2020, FY2021 Request, House-Passed, and Senate Appropriations Committee
Majority Draft Bill
(Appropriations in mil ions of dol ars)
FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
Department of Commerce
International Trade
$510.3
$474.4
$531.4
$528.3

Administration
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FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
Bureau of Industry and Security
127.7
137.7
137.7
132.7

Economic Development
333.0
31.6
356.0
340.0

Administration
Economic Development
(292.5)

(314.0)
(299.0)

Assistance Programs
Salaries and Expenses
(40.5)
(31.6)
(42.0)
(41.0)

Minority Business Development
42.0
10.3
52.0
42.5

Agency
Economics and Statistics
108.0
111.9
112.9
111.9

Administration (excluding
Census)
Census Bureau
7,558.3
1,672.0
1,681.1
1,799.7

Current Surveys and
(274.0)
(279.3)
(288.4)
(285.0)

Programs
Periodic Censuses and
(7,284.3)
(1,392.7)
(1,392.7)
(1,514.7)

Programs
National Telecommunications
40.4
72.2
45.5
45.6

and Information Administration
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
3,450.7
3,695.3
3,695.3
3,695.3

(USPTO)b
Offsetting Fee Receipts (USPTO)
-3,450.7
-3,695.3
-3,695.3
-3,695.3

National Institute of Standards
1,034.0
1,011.9
1,049.0
1,050.0

and Technology
Scientific and Technical
(754.0)
(652.0)
(794.0)
(786.5)

Research and Services
Industrial Technology
(162.0)
(25.3)
(170.0)
(165.5)

Services
Manufacturing Extension
(146.0)

(153.0)
(149.5)

Partnership
National Network for
(16.0)
(25.3)
(17.0)
(16.0)

Manufacturing Innovation
Construction of Research
(118.0)
(40.6)
(85.0)
(98.0)

Facilities, new appropriation
Construction of Research

(294.0)c



Facilities, transfer from
Federal Capital Revolving
Fund (legislative proposal)
National Oceanic and
5,352.2
4,624.8
5,455.6
5,402.9

Atmospheric Administration
Operations, Research, and
(3,763.9)
(3,165.1)
(3,873.2)
(3,808.0)

Facilitiesd
Procurement, Acquisition,
(1,530.9)
(1,466.7)
(1,524.4)
(1,537.6)

and Construction
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FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
Pacific Coastal Salmon
(65.0)

(65.0)
(65.0)

Recovery Fund
Fishermen’s Contingency
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.3)
(0.3)

Fund
Fisheries Finance Program
(-8.0)
(-7.6)
(-7.6)
(-8.0)

Account
Fisheries Disaster Assistance

(0.3)
(0.3)


Departmental Management
115.0
170.8
121.2
138.0

Subtotal: Department of
15,220.8
8,317.6
9,542.4
9,591.4

Commerce
Department of Justice

General Administration
922.6
1,141.9
981.4
996.4

General Administration
(114.7)
(121.8)
(103.5)
(116.7)

Salaries and Expenses
Justice Information Sharing
(33.9)
(34.1)
(33.9)
(34.1)

Technology
Executive Office of
(669.0)
(878.9)
(730.0)
(730.0)

Immigration Review
Office of the Inspector
(105.0)
(107.2)
(114.0)
(110.6)

General
Use of Force Database



(5.0)e

U.S. Parole Commission
13.3
13.5
13.5
13.5

Legal Activities
3,440.4
3,585.7
3,595.9
3.567.7

General Legal Activities
(920.0)
(971.4)
(969.2)
(953.3)

United States Attorneys
(2,254.5)
(2,378.4)
(2,347.2)
(2,337.2)

Antitrust Division
(166.8)
(188.5)
(180.3)
(188.5)

Offsetting Fee Col ections
(-141.0)
(-150.0)
(-150.0)
(-150.0)

(Antitrust Division)
U.S. Trustee Program
(227.2)
(234.5)
(232.4)
(232.4)

Offsetting Fee Col ections
(-309.0)
(-318.0)
(-318.0)
(-318.0)

(U.S. Trustee Program)
Foreign Claims Settlement
(2.3)
(2.4)
(2.4)
(2.4)

Commission
Fees and Expenses of
(270.0)
(239.0)
(270.0)
(270.0)

Witnesses
Community Relations
(16.0)

(23.0)
(16.5)

Service
Assets Forfeiture Fundf
(20.5)
(20.5)
(20.5)
(20.5)

Vaccine Injury
(13.0)
(19.0)
(19.0)
(15.0)

Compensation Trust Fund
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FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
United States Marshals Service
3,312.5
3,669.7
3,359.9
3,705.6

Salaries and Expenses
(1,430.0)
(1,608.1)
(1,484.2)
(1,490.0)

Construction
(15.0)
(15.0)
(15.0)
(15.0)

Federal Prisoner Detention
(1,867.5)
(2,046.6)
(1,860.8)
(2,200.6)

National Security Division
110.0
117.5
114.8
117.5

Interagency Law Enforcement
550.5
585.1
565.0
550.5

Federal Bureau of Investigation
9,952.9
9,800.7
9,755.2
10,314.8

Salaries and Expenses
(9,467.9)
(9,748.8)
(9,703.3)
(9,748.7)

Construction
(485.0)
(51.9)
(51.9)
(566.1)

Drug Enforcement
2,279.2
2,652.8
2,331.4
2,391.3

Administration
Salaries and Expenses
(2,279.2)
(2,398.8)
(2,331.4)
(2,391.3)

High Intensity Drug

(254.0)



Trafficking Areas
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
1,400.0
1,666.3
1,555.0
1,488.9

Firearms and Explosives
Salaries and Expenses
(1,400.0)
(1,637.6)
(1,550.0)
(1,448.9)

Construction

(28.7)
(5.0)


Federal Prison System
7,780.7
7,713.3
7,883.2
7,786.5

Salaries and Expenses
(7,470.0)
(7,611.1)
(7,770.5)
(7,656.8)

Building and Facilities
(308.0)
(99.5)
(110.0)
(127.0)

Limitation on Administrative
(2.7)
(2.7)
(2.7)
(2.7)

Expenses, Federal Prison
Industries
Office on Violence Against
502.5
498.5
532.0
513.5

Women
Transfer from the Crime Victims
-435.0
-498.5
-435.0
-445.0

Fund to the Office on Violence
Against Women
Office of Justice Programs
2,432.8
1,969.0
2,984.3
2,383.8

Research, Evaluation, and
(79.0)
(86.5)
(88.5)
(81.0)

Statistics
State and Local Law
(1,892.0)
(1,511.2)
(2,412.0)
(1,811.0)

Enforcement Assistance
Juvenile Justice Programs
(320.0)
(227.5)
(340.0)
(348.0)

Public Safety Officers
(141.8)
(143.8)
(143.8)
(143.8)

Benefits
Community Oriented Policing
343.0

343.0
360.0

Services
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FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
Obligation Cap on the Crime
2,641.0
2,300.0g
2,650.0
1,500.0

Victims Fund
Offsetting Receipts
-2,641.0
-2,300.0
-2,650.0
-1,500.0

Subtotal: Department of
32,605.2
32,915.5
33,579.7
33,704.8

Justice
Science Agencies
Office of Science and Technology
5.5
5.0
5.5
5.5

Policy
National Space Council
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0

National Aeronautics and Space
22,629.0
25,246.0
22,630.0
23,495.0

Administration
Science
(7,138.9)
(6,306.5)
(7,097.5)
(7,274.7)

Aeronautics
(783.9)
(819.0)
(819.0)
(828.7)

Space Technologyh
(1,110.0)
(1,578.3)
(1,100.0)
(1,206.0)

Explorationi
(6,017.6)
(8,761.7)
(6,017.6)
(6,706.4)

Space Operationsj
(4,140.2)
(4,187.3)
(4,052.2)
(3,988.2)

Science, Technology,
(120.0)

(127.0)
(120.0)

Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM)
Engagement
Safety, Security, and Mission
(2,913.3)
(3,009.9)
(2,953.4)
(2,936.5)

Services
Construction and
(373.4)
(539.1)
(419.1)
(390.3)

Environmental Compliance
and Restoration
Inspector General
(41.7)
(44.2)
(44.2)
(44.2)

National Science Foundation
8,278.3
7,741.4
8,548.3
8,478.0

Research and Related
(6,737.2)
(6,213.0)
(6,967.1)
(6,907.4)

Activities
Education and Human
(940.0)
(930.9)
(970.0)
(963.5)

Resources
Major Research Equipment
(243.2)
(229.8)
(243.2)
(239.8)

and Facilities Construction
Agency Operations and
(336.9)
(345.6)
(345.6)
(345.0)

Award Management
National Science Board
(4.5)
(4.2)
(4.5)
(4.5)

Office of the Inspector
(16.5)
(17.9)
(17.9)
(17.9)

General
Subtotal: Science Agencies
30,914.8
32,994.4
31,185.9
31,980.5

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FY2021 Senate
FY2021
FY2021
Appropriations
Departments and
FY2020
Administration’s
House-
Committee
FY2021
Related Agencies
Enacteda
Request
Passed
Majority Draft
Enacted
Related Agencies
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
10.5
10.1
12.0
11.0

Equal Employment Opportunity
389.5
362.5
408.7
394.0

Commission
International Trade Commission
99.4
99.6
105.0
103.0

Legal Services Corporation
440.0
18.2
465.0
446.0

Marine Mammal Commission
3.6
2.4
3.8
3.7

Office of the U.S. Trade
54.0
60.0
55.0
56.0

Representative
Trade Enforcement Trust Fund
15.0
13.0
15.0
15.0

State Justice Institute
6.6
8.0
7.7
7.0

Subtotal: Related Agencies
1,018.6
573.8
1,072.2
1,035.7

CJS Total
79,759.5
74,801.2
75,380.1
76,312.4

Rescission of Unobligated
-364.0
-1,051.6
-170.0
-331.0

Balances
Sources: The FY2020 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93,
published in the December 17, 2019 Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989). The Administration’s requests
were taken from H.Rept. 116-455. The House-passed amounts were taken from the text of H.R. 7617. The
Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bil amounts were taken from the FY2021 CJS bil text and
explanatory statement published on the Senate Committee on Appropriations’ website.
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 1 are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office
(CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bil . Amounts in parenthesis are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. FY2020 enacted amounts do not include emergency supplemental funding. For information on supplemental
funding for CJS, see Table 2.
b. Funding for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is ful y derived from user fees.
c. According to the NIST FY2021 congressional budget justification, “The FY 2021 budget request proposes to
use the [Federal Capital Revolving Fund] FCRF to fund the completion of the $294 mil ion renovation of
NIST Building One in Boulder, Colorado. In accordance with the principles and design of the FCRF, the FY
2021 budget requests appropriations language designating the renovation as a project to be funded out of
the FCRF along with 1/15 of the renovation costs, or $19.6 mil ion, for the first-year repayment back to the
FCRF.” However, CBO estimates this proposal in a manner consistent with current practice that capital
expenditures are recorded on a cash basis in the federal budget. (For more information, see
https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/reports/53461-cashaccrualmeasures.pdf.)
d. The amount for the Operations, Research, and Facilities account includes a transfer from the Promote and
Develop Fishery Products and Research Pertaining to American Fisheries Fund.
e. The Senate committee-reported bil includes a general provision (§222) that would provide $5 mil ion under
DOJ’s General Administration for a use of force database as required by Executive Order 13929.
f.
As a part of the annual CJS appropriations act, Congress traditional y sets a limit on the amount of expenses
that can be paid for the purposes authorized under subparagraphs (B), (F), and (G) of Section 524(c)(1) of
Title 28 of the United States Code.
g. The Administration’s FY2021 budget proposed establishing a permanent $2.300 bil ion obligation cap on the
Crime Victims Fund (CVF).
h. The Administration proposed changing the name of the “Space Technology” account to “Exploration
Technology.”
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i.
The Administration proposed changing the name of the “Exploration” account to “Deep Space Exploration
Systems.”
j.
The Administration proposed changing the name of the “Space Operations” account to “Low Earth Orbit
and Spaceflight Operations.”
FY2020 Supplemental Funding for CJS
For FY2020, Congress provided a total of $3.185 bil ion in emergency supplemental funding. The
majority of this funding ($3.079 bil ion) was included in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and
Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136). Congress also included $106 mil ion in the
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (USMCA, P.L. 116-113) for
NOAA and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. Table 2 provides a breakdown of the
CJS-related funding in each act.
Table 2. FY2020 CJS Supplemental Funding
(Appropriations in mil ions of dol ars)
USMCA
CARES Act

Supplemental
Supplemental
Commerce
Economic and Development Administration

$1,500.0
Economic Development Assistance Programs

(1,500.0)
National Institute of Standards and Technology

66.0
Scientific and Technical Research Services

(6.0)
Industrial Technology Services

(60.0)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
16.0
320.0
Operations, Research, and Facilities
(16.0)
(20.0)
Fisheries Assistance

(300.0)
Justice
General Administration

4.0
Justice Information Sharing Technology

(2.0)
Office of the Inspector General

(2.0)
U.S. Attorneys

3.0
U.S. Marshals Service

15.0
Salaries and Expenses

(15.0)
Federal Bureau of Investigation

20.0
Salaries and Expenses

(20.0)
Drug Enforcement Administration

15.0
Federal Prison System

100.0
Salaries and Expenses

(100.0)
State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance

850.0
Science
National Aeronautics and Space Administration

60.0
Congressional Research Service
17

link to page 14 link to page 22 link to page 24 link to page 22 Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS

USMCA
CARES Act

Supplemental
Supplemental
Safety, Security, and Mission Services

(60.0)
National Science Foundation

76.0
Research and Related Activities

(75.0)
Agency Operations and Management

(1.0)
Related Agencies
Legal Services Corporation

50.0
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
90.0

Salaries and Expenses
(50.0)

Trade Enforcement Trust Fund
(40.0)

Total
106.0
3,079.0
Source: Text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136.
Notes: The accounts presented in Table 1 are consistent with those used by the Congressional Budget Office
(CBO) to score the CJS appropriations bil . Amounts in parenthesis are subaccounts and not offsets.
Historical Funding for CJS
Figure 1
shows the total (including supplementals) CJS funding for FY2010-FY2020, in both
nominal and inflation-adjusted dollars (more-detailed historical appropriations data can be found
in Table 3). The data show that in FY2020, nominal funding for CJS was at its highest level since
FY2010, though in inflation-adjusted terms, funding for FY2020 was about equal to what it was
in FY2010.
There is a cyclical nature to total nominal funding for CJS because of appropriations for the
Census Bureau to administer decennial censuses. Overal funding for CJS traditional y starts to
increase a few years before the decennial census, peaks in the fiscal year in which the census is
conducted, and then declines immediately thereafter. Figure 1 shows how total funding for CJS
decreased after the 2010 Census and started to ramp up again as the Census Bureau prepared to
conduct the 2020 Census.
Increased funding for CJS also coincides with increases to the discretionary budget caps under the
Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25).18 The BCA put into effect statutory limits on
discretionary spending for FY2012-FY2021. Under the act, discretionary spending limits were
scheduled to be adjusted downward each fiscal year until FY2021. However, legislation was
enacted that increased discretionary spending caps for FY2014 to FY2021.19 A sequestration of
discretionary funding, ordered pursuant to the BCA, cut $2.973 bil ion out of the total amount
Congress and the President provided for CJS for FY2013. Since then, funding for CJS has
increased as more discretionary funding has been al owed under the BCA.

18 For more information on the BCA, see CRS Report R44874, The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions.
19 Ibid.
Congressional Research Service
18

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Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS

Figure 1. Nominal and Inflation-Adjusted Funding for CJS; FY2010-FY2020
(Appropriations in bil ions of dol ars)

Sources: FY2010 enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 111-229, P.L. 111-212, P.L. 111-224, and P.L. 111-
230; FY2011 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-169; FY2012 enacted amounts were taken from
H.Rept. 112-463; FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Justice, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the National Science Foundation, and each of the respective related agencies and P.L. 113-2;
FY2014 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76, printed in
the January 15, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H507-H532); FY2015 enacted amounts were taken from the joint
explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235, printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp.
H9342-H9363); FY2016 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L.
114-113, printed in the December 17, 2015, Congressional Record (pp. H9732-H9759); FY2017 enacted amounts
were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3, 2017,
Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory
statement to accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115)
and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were
taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019
Congressional Record (pp. H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136.
Notes: Inflation-adjusted appropriations are presented in FY2020 dol ars. Appropriations were adjusted using
the Gross Domestic Product (Chained) Price Index presented in Table 10.1 of the Historical Tables in the
President’s FY2021 budget submission. The amounts do not include rescissions of unobligated balances or
scorekeeping credits (e.g., the balance on the Crime Victims Fund). Amounts include al supplemental
appropriations. The amounts include any rescissions of current-year budget authority and any supplemental
appropriations.
Although decreased appropriations for the Department of Commerce (-47.4%) from FY2010 to
FY2013 following the 2010 Census mostly explain the overal decrease in CJS appropriations
during this time, cuts in funding for DOJ (-8.7%) and NASA (-9.8%) also contributed (see Table
3). Funding for NSF held relatively steady from FY2010 to FY2013.
Overal CJS funding has increased since FY2014, and this is partial y explained by more funding
for the Department of Commerce to help the Census Bureau prepare for the 2020 Census. While
Congressional Research Service
19

Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS

funding for the Department of Commerce decreased from FY2018 to FY2019, it was partly a
function of the department receiving $1.000 bil ion in emergency supplemental funding for
FY2018.20 If supplemental funding is excluded, appropriations for the Department of Commerce
increased 2.5% from FY2018 to FY2019.
While increased funding for the Department of Commerce partial y explains the overal increase
in funding for CJS since FY2014, there have also been steady increases in funding for DOJ
(+21.2%), NASA (+28.6%), and NSF (+16.5%) during that same time, as higher discretionary
spending caps have been used to provide additional funding to these agencies.

20 For more information on emergency supplemental funding for CJS for FY2018, see CRS Report R45237, Overview
of FY2019 Appropriations for Com m erce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
.
Congressional Research Service
20

link to page 28
Table 3. Nominal Funding for CJS Agencies, by Account; FY2010-FY2020
(Appropriations in mil ions of dol ars)
Bureau or Agency
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013a
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
Department of Commerce

International Trade
$446.8
$440.7
$455.6
$438.5
$460.6
$462.0
$483.0
$483.0
$482.0
$484.0
$510.3
Administration
Bureau of Industry and
100.3
100.1
101.0
93.6
101.5
102.5
112.5
112.5
113.5
118.1
127.7
Security
Economic Development
347.0
283.4
457.5
218.3
246.5
250.0
261.0
276.0
901.5
304.0
1,833.0
Administration
Minority Business
31.5
30.3
30.3
27.5
28.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
39.0
40.0
42.0
Development Agency
Economic and Statistical
97.2
97.1
96.0
93.3
99.0
100.0
109.0
107.3
99.0
101.0
108.0
Analysis
Census Bureau
7,324.7
1,149.7
888.3
840.6
945.0
1,088.0
1,370.0
1,470.0
2,814.0
3,821.4
7,558.3
National
40.0
41.6
45.6
42.7
46.0
38.2
39.5
32.0
39.5
39.5
40.4
Telecommunications and
Information Administration
U.S. Patent and Trademark
2,016.0
2,090.0
2,706.3
2,783.7
3,024.0
3,458.0
3,272.0
3,230.0
3,500.0
3,370.0
3,450.7
Office (USPTO)
Offsetting Fee Receipts
-1,887.0
-2,090.0
-2,706.3
-2,933.2
-3,024.0
-3,458.0
-3,272.0
-3,230.0
-3,500.0
-3,370.0
-3.450.7
(USPTO)
National Institute of
856.6
750.1
750.8
769.3
850.0
863.9
964.0
952.0
1,198.5
985.5
1,100.0
Standards and Technology
National Oceanic and
4,788.5
4,588.0
4,893.7
5,050.7
5,314.6
5,441.0
5,765.6
5,675.4
6,309.5
5,424.7
5,688.2
Atmospheric Administration
Departmental Management
107.5
99.8
88.9
84.6
89.5
91.1
109.1
94.7
140.9
95.7
115.0
Commerce Subtotal
14,269.2
7,580.9
7,807.7
7,509.6
8,180.6
8,466.7
9,245.6
9,237.0
12,137.4
11,413.9
17,122.8
CRS-21

link to page 28 link to page 28 link to page 28 link to page 28
Bureau or Agency
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013a
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
Department of Justice

General Administration
2,285.8
2,208.1
2,227.9
503.5
533.2
435.6
659.0
676.7
746.8
805.4
926.6
General Administration
(456.9)
(312.2)
(262.1)
(135.7)
(135.8)
(137.3)
(142.5)
(145.1)
(149.0)
(145.0)
(152.6)
Administrative Review
(298.8)
(296.1)
(301.0)
(287.9)
(311.0)
(347.1)
(422.8)




& Appeals
Executive Office for







(436.0)
(500.5)
(559.4)
(669.0)
Immigration Review
Detention Trusteeb
(1,445.7)
(1,515.6)
(1,580.6)








Office of the Inspector
(84.4)
(84.2)
(84.2)
(80.0)
(86.4)
(88.6)
(93.7)
(95.6)
(97.3)
(101.0)
(105.0)
General
U.S. Parole Commission
12.9
12.8
12.8
11.9
12.6
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.0
13.3
Legal Activities
3,108.3
3,177.3
3,187.2
2,989.5
3,180.8
3,220.2
3,314.6
3,353.8
3,386.6
3,329.4
3,443.4
General legal activities
(889.0)
(863.4)
(863.4)
(819.3)
(867.0)
(885.0)
(893.0)
(897.5)
(897.5)
(904.0)
(920.0)
United States
(1,943.2)
(1,930.1)
(1,960.0)
(1,830.3)
(1,944.0)
(1,960.0)
(2,000.0)
(2,035.0)
(2,136.8)
(2,212.0)
(2,257.5)
Attorneys
Otherc
(276.1)
(383.8)
(363.8)
(340.0)
(369.8)
(375.2)
(421.6)
(421.3)
(352.3)
(213.4)
(265.8)
U.S. Marshals Service
1,190.0
1,140.1
1,189.0
2,655.6
2,727.8
1,700.1d
2,700.0
2,713.5
2,903.4
2,925.4
3,327.5
National Security Division
87.9
87.8
87.0
83.8
91.8
93.0
95.0
96.0
101.0
101.4
110.0
Interagency Law
549.6
527.5
527.5
484.4
514.0
507.2
512.0
517.0
542.9
560.0
550.5
Enforcement
Federal Bureau of
7,922.5
7,926.3
8,118.0
7,558.8
8,343.3
8,436.6
8,798.8
9,006.4
9,421.4
9,577.1
9,972.9
Investigation
Drug Enforcement
2,053.4
2,015.6
2,035.0
1,907.3
2,018.0
2,033.3
2,080.0
2,103.0
2,201.8
2,267.0
2,294.2
Administration
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
1,158.3
1,112.5
1,152.0
1,071.6
1,179.0
1,201.0
1,240.0
1,258.6
1,293.8
1,316.7
1,400.0
Firearms & Explosives
Federal Prison System
6,208.1
6,384.1
6,644.0
6,447.2
6,861.7
6,923.7
7,481.2
7,141.5
7,328.3
7,516.7
7,880.7
CRS-22

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Bureau or Agency
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013a
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
Office of Violence Against
418.5
417.7
412.5
387.9
417.0
430.0
101.0e
155.5f
—g
—h
67.5i
Women (OVW)
Office of Justice Programs
2,283.5
1,697.9
1,616.3
1,518.5
1,643.3
1,690.8
1,883.0
1,705.8
2,169.3
2,218.8
3,282.8
(OJP)
Research, Evaluation,
(235.0)
(234.5)
(113.0)
(119.1)
(120.0)
(111.0)
(116.0)
(89.0)
(90.0)
(80.0)
(79.0)
and Statistics
State and Local Law
(1,534.8)
(1,117.8)
(1,162.5)
(1,060.5)
(1,171.5)
(1,241.0)
(1,408.5)
(1,280.5)
(1,680.0)
(1,723.0)
(2,742.0)
Enforcement Assistance
Weed and Seed
(20.0)










Juvenile Justice
(423.6)
(275.4)
(262.5)
(261.0)
(254.5)
(251.5)
(270.2)
(247.0)
(282.5)
(287.0)
(320.0)
Programs
Public Safety Officers
(70.1)
(70.1)
(78.3)
(77.9)
(97.3)
(87.3)
(88.3)
(89.3)
(116.8)
(128.8)
(141.8)
Benefits
Community Oriented
791.6
494.9
198.5
209.7
214.0
208.0
212.0
221.5
275.5
303.5
343.0
Policing Services (COPS)
OVW, OJP, and COPS
213.4
186.6









Salaries and Expenses
DOJ Subtotal
28,283.7
27,389.2
27,407.7
25,829.7
27,736.6
27,030.2
29,089.8
28,962.5
30.384.0
30,934.4
33,612.2
Science Agencies

Office of Science and
7.0
6.6
4.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
Technology Policy
National Space Council








2.0
2.0
2.0
National Aeronautics and
18,724.3
18,448.0
17,800.0
16,879.5
17,646.5
18,010.2
19,285.0
19,762.3
20,817.4
21,500.0
22,689.0
Space Administration
National Science Foundation
6,926.5
6,859.9
7,033.1
6,884.1
7,171.9
7,344.2
7,463.5
7,472.2
7,783.7
8,075.0
8,354.3
Science Agencies
25,657.8
25,314.5
24,837.6
23,769.2
24,824.0
25,360.0
26,754.0
27,240.1
28,608.6
29,582.5
31,050.8
Subtotal
CRS-23

link to page 28 link to page 28
Bureau or Agency
FY2010
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013a
FY2014
FY2015
FY2016
FY2017
FY2018
FY2019
FY2020
Related Agencies

U.S. Commission on Civil
9.4
9.4
9.2
8.7
9.0
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.7
10.1
10.5
Rights
Equal Employment
367.3
366.6
360.0
344.2
364.0
364.5
364.5
364.5
379.5
379.5
389.5
Opportunity Commission
International Trade
81.9
81.7
80.0
78.9
83.0
84.5
88.5
91.5
93.7
95.0
99.4
Commission
Legal Services Corporation
420.0
404.2
348.0
340.9
365.0
375.0
385.0
385.0
425.0
415.0
490.0
Marine Mammal
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
Commission
U.S. Trade Representative
47.8
47.7
51.3
47.6
52.6
54.3
54.5
62.0
57.6
53.0
104.0
Trade Enforcement Trust








15.0
15.0
55.0
Fund
State Justice Institute
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
6.0
6.6
Related Agencies
934.8
917.9
856.6
827.9
881.8
895.9
910.3
920.8
989.1
977.1
1,158.6
Subtotal
Total Appropriation
69,145.5
61,202.5
60,909.6
57,936.4
61,622.9
61,752.7
65,999.7
66,360.3
72.119.0
72,907.8
82,944.5
Rescission of
-2,559.7j
-2,416.0
-905.9
-881.6
-219.3
-679.6
-878.7
-1,142.3
-661.1
-1,060.8
-364.0
Unobligated Balances
Sources: FY2010 enacted amounts were taken from S.Rept. 111-229, P.L. 111-212, P.L. 111-224, and P.L. 111-230; FY2011 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept.
112-169; FY2012 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept. 112-463; FY2013 post-sequestration amounts were provided by the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Justice, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and each of the
respective related agencies, and P.L. 113-2; FY2014 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76, printed in the January
15, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H507-H532); FY2015 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235, printed in the
December 11, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H9342-H9363); FY2016 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 114-113,
printed in the December 17, 2015, Congressional Record (pp. H9732-H9759); FY2017 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany
P.L. 115-31, printed in the May 3, 2017, Congressional Record (pp. H3365-H3390); FY2018 enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to
accompany P.L. 115-141, printed in the March 22, 2018, Congressional Record (pp. H2084-H2115), and P.L. 115-123; FY2019 enacted amounts were taken from H.Rept.
116-9; FY2020 enacted amounts were taken from the explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 116-93, published in the December 17, 2019 Congressional Record (pp.
H10961-H10989) and the text of P.L. 116-113 and P.L. 116-136.
CRS-24


Notes: Amounts may not add to totals due to rounding. Amounts include al supplemental appropriations. Amounts also include al resc ission of current-year budget
authority, but they do not include rescissions of a prior year’s unobligated balances. Amounts in parenthesis are subaccounts and not offsets.
a. FY2013 appropriations include sequestration.
b. Under the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act (P.L. 113-6), Congress eliminated funding for the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee
account and instead provided funding for a Federal Prisoner Detention account under the U.S. Marshals Service. Funding under this account covers the costs
associated with the care of federal detainees.
c. “Other” includes subaccounts for the Antitrust Division, Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund, U.S. Trustee System Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission, Fees and Expenses of Witnesses, Community Relations Service, and the Asset Forfeiture Fund.
d. This amount does not include a required transfer of $1.1 bil ion in unobligated balances from the Assets Forfeiture Fund to t he U.S. Marshals Federal Prisoner
Detention account.
e. This amount does not include a $379.0 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women per P.L. 114-113.
f.
This amount does not include a $326.0 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women per P.L. 115-31.
g. Per P.L. 115-141, $492.0 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women.
h. Per P.L. 116-6, $497.5 mil ion was transferred from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women.
i.
This amount does not include a $435.0 mil ion transfer from the Crime Victims Fund to the Office on Violence Against Women per P.L. 116-93.
j.
This amount includes $531.2 mil ion in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-117, $111.5 mil ion in rescissions of unobligated balances included in
P.L. 111-212, $129.0 mil ion in rescissions of unobligated balances included in P.L. 111-224, and $1.788 bil ion in rescissions of unobligated balance included in P.L.
112-6.


CRS-25

Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS



Author Information

Nathan James

Analyst in Crime Policy


Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise
Name
OJP, COPS, BOP, U.S. Marshals
Nathan James
ATF
Wil iam J. Krouse
Juvenile Justice, U.S. Attorneys
Kristin M. Finklea
DEA, OVW, FBI
Lisa N. Sacco
Trade-related agencies: ITA, ITC, and
M. Angeles Vil arreal
USTR
BIS
Ian F. Fergusson
EDA, MBDA
Julie Lawhorn
Telecommunications, NTIA
Laurie Harris
Census Bureau, ESA
Jennifer D. Wil iams
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Marcy Gal o
NIST
John F. Sargent
Office of Science and Technology
John F. Sargent
Policy
NOAA
Eva Lipiec
NASA, National Space Council
Daniel Morgan
NSF
Laurie Harris
Legal Services Corporation
Libby Perl
Congressional Research Service
26

Overview of FY2021 Appropriations for CJS



Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should n ot be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not
subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in
its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or
material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to
copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service
R46290 · VERSION 6 · UPDATED
27