Transportation, Housing and Urban
Development, and Other Independent
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2020:
In Brief
June 17, 2019
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
R45774

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Introduction
The annual congressional appropriations process generally begins with the submission of the
President’s budget request and the adoption of the congressional budget resolution that sets the
overall level of spending for that year’s appropriations bills. For FY2020, the first step was
delayed, and the second step has not yet occurred.
The President’s budget submission for FY2020 was submitted on March 11, 2019, about five
weeks after the statutory deadline. The delay was, in part, attributable to extended negotiations
over a number of the FY2019 annual appropriations bills (including Transportation, Housing and
Urban Development, and Other Independent Agencies, or THUD), during which there was a five-
week government shutdown. Ultimately, appropriations for these annual bills were enacted on
February 15, 2019, completing FY2019 annual appropriations almost five months after the start
of FY2019.
The annual adoption of a congressional budget resolution by its target date of April 15 is meant to
provide an opportunity for Congress to consider and agree on an overall budget framework for
that year’s appropriations bills. For FY2020, the House and Senate have not yet agreed to a
budget resolution.
In the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, on April 9, 2019, the House adopted a
deeming resolution for FY2020 (H.Res. 293), which gave the House Appropriations Committee a
spending allocation of approximately $1.295 trillion for FY2020. This is about $176 billion
(+16%) more than the combined FY2020 statutory discretionary spending limits for defense and
nondefense spending under the Budget Control Act (BCA), as amended.1 The current law BCA
limits come to $1.119 trillion, with $576 billion allocated to defense spending and $543 billion
allocated to nondefense spending. Because the House allocation of $1.295 trillion exceeds
amounts available under the statutory discretionary spending limits and because the Senate has
not agreed to the same allocation, complications may arise as the House and Senate seek to
resolve their differences on appropriations.
This report describes and tracks action on FY2020 annual appropriations for THUD, including
detailed tables for each major agency.
FY2020 THUD Appropriations Status
The Administration’s budget request proposed cutting funding for THUD agencies by 8.6%
($11.3 billion) from their FY2019 levels. The Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) would have been reduced by 17% (-$7.6 billion), DOT by 4% (-$3.6 billion), and the
independent agencies in Title III of the THUD bill by 35% (-$127 million) (see Table 1). The
reductions in HUD funding would have come from zeroing out a half-dozen programs, the largest
of which was the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, and reducing funding
for many more programs. The reductions in DOT funding would have come primarily from
reducing funding for highways, new transit lines, and Amtrak. Two independent agencies, the
Interagency Council on Homelessness and the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, are also
proposed for significant reductions in the President’s Budget request.

1 The House deeming resolution H.Res. 293. See also the Congressional Budget Office’s Status of Discretionary
Appropriations: FY20 House, available at https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2019-06/FY2020-House-2019-05-
20_0.pdf.
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The House Committee on Appropriations reported out H.R. 3163, the THUD FY2020
Appropriations Act, on June 6, 2019. The committee recommended a 4.6% ($6 billion) increase
in funding over the comparable FY2019 figure, with most of the increase going to HUD (see
Table 1), though that increase is partially offset by a reduction in offsetting receipts from HUD’s
mortgage insurance program.
Table 1. THUD Bill Appropriations by Title, FY2019-FY2020
(dollars in millions)
FY2020
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020

Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted
Title I: DOT

Discretionary
26,493
21,585
25,327

Mandatory
59,987
61,320
61,321

DOT Total
86,481
82,904
86,648

Title II: HUD
44,208
36,649
50,064

Title III: Other Independent
361
234
380

Agencies
Title IV: General Provisions
17
—
—

Total Discretionary
71,079
58,468
75,771

Total Mandatory
59,987
61,320
61,321

Total
131,066
119,788
137,092

Source: Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, pp. 170-189, in H.Rept. 116-106.
Notes: The THUD totals include both discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of budget
authority provided to DOT that is not included in the bill’s discretionary budget authority figure). The total
discretionary budget authority for the bill is $75.8 billion. The FY2019 THUD total excludes $5.8 billion in
emergency appropriations.
Department of Transportation
The committee recommended virtually level funding (an increase of $167 million) for DOT for
FY2020, relative to the comparable level for FY2019. The details of the recommended funding
can be found in Table 2.
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Table 2. Department of Transportation FY2019-FY2020 Detailed Budget Table
(dollars in millions)
FY2020
Department of Transportation
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)
National infrastructure investment
900
1,000
1,000

(BUILD/TIGER)
Payments to air carriers (Essential Air
175
125
175

Service)a
Nationally significant freight projects
—
1,035
—

Total, OST
1,241b
2.353
1,386

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Operations
10,411
10,340
10,678

Facilities & equipment
3,000
3,295
3,000

Research, engineering, & development
191
120
191

Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport
3,350
3,350
3,350

Improvement Program) (limitation on
obligations)
Airport Discretionary Grants
500
—
500

Total, FAA
17,452
17,105
17,719

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Federal-Aid Highways: limitation on
46,008
47,104
47,104

obligations + exempt contract authority)
Federal-Aid Highways: discretionary funding
3,250
300
1,750

Rescission of budget authority
—
-210
—

Total, FHWA
49,258
47,194
48,854

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor carrier safety operations and programs
284
288
288

Motor carrier safety grants to states
383
388
389

Total, FMCSA
667
676
677

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Operations and research
342
306
369

Highway traffic safety grants to states
610
623
623

(limitation on obligations)
Impaired driving/highway-rail grade crossing
14
—
17

safety
Child safety and booster seat grants
—
—
1

Total, NHTSA
966
929
1,010

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THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief

FY2020
Department of Transportation
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety and operations
222
213
227

Research and development
41
19
42

Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement

—
—

Financing Program subsidy
Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants
650
325
700

National Network
1,292
611
1,292

Subtotal, Amtrak grants
1,942
936
1,992

Consolidated rail infrastructure and
255
330
350

safety improvements
Federal-state partnership for State of
400
—
350

Good Repair
Restoration and enhancement grants
5
550
—

Magnetic Levitation Program
10
—
10

Transportation Technology Center
—
100
—

Rescission
—
-56
—

Total, FRA
2,874
2,093
2,970

Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Administrative Expenses
113
111
117

Formula grants (M)
9,939
10,150
10,150

Technical assistance and training
5
—
5

Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,553
1,505
2,302

Transit Infrastructure grants
700
500
750

Washington Metropolitan Area
150
150
150

Transit Authority
Rescission
-47
—
—

Total, FTA
13,414
12,416
13,474

Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Maritime Security Program
300
300
300

Operations and training
149
377
154

State maritime academy operations
345
—
345

Assistance to small shipyards
20
—
20

Ship disposal
5
5
5

Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3
—
3

Port infrastructure development program
293
—
225

Total, MARAD
1,115
657
1,053

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FY2020
Department of Transportation
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Selected Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Subtotal
247
226
253

Offsetting user fees
-142
-127
-145

Emergency preparedness grants (M)
28
28
28

Total, PHMSA
275
255
281

Office of Inspector General
93
92
97

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
36
28
40

Corporation
DOT Totals
Appropriation (discretionary funding)
26,540
21,875
25,327

Limitations on obligations (M)
59,987
61,320
61,321

Subtotal—new funding
86,185
76,165
87,758

Rescissions of discretionary funding
-47
-265
—

Rescissions of contract authority
—
—
—

Net new discretionary funding
26,493
21,585
25,327

Net new budget authority
86,481
82,904
86,648

Supplemental Emergency Funding
1,661c
—
—

Net new budget authority (inc.
88,142
82,904
86,648

emergency funding)
Source: Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, pp. 170-184, in H.Rept. 116-106.
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.
a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees; for
FY2020, those fees will provide an additional $150 million to the program.
b. The FY2019 figure does not include a one-time $17 million appropriation for the Railroad Rehabilitation and
Infrastructure Finance program, provided in Title IV: General Provisions, to cover the cost of DOT defining
“cohorts” of loans preparatory to refunding the credit risk premium to borrowers who have repaid their
loans.
c. Includes $1.650 in emergency relief funding through the Federal Highway Administration and $11 million in
Public Transportation emergency relief through the Federal Transit Administration provided by P.L. 116-20.
Selected DOT Issues
Infrastructure Funding
The bill would provide several boosts above the authorized levels of infrastructure funding: $1
billion for the BUILD competitive grant program (not an authorized program), $500 million for
discretionary grants to airports (in addition to the $3.35 billion authorized), $3.25 billion for
highway programs (in addition to the $46 billion authorized amount), and $750 million for transit
infrastructure grants (in addition to the $3.5 billion authorized). Some of that funding could
potentially go to Amtrak’s Hudson Tunnel Replacement Project, a project cited as critical by
DOT but which has been a source of contention between the Trump Administration and the States
of New York and New Jersey.
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Commercial Truck Safety
The congressional mandate for heavy trucks to be equipped with electronic logging devices
(ELDs) to track the time worked by drivers went into effect at the end of 2017.2 ELDs make it
harder for drivers to exceed federal-hours-of service limits, which limit the amount of time a
driver can drive each day and each week to reduce the risk of truckers driving while fatigued. The
hours-of-service limits were not changed when ELDs became mandatory. However, objections
from certain sectors of the trucking industry have led Congress and the President to repeatedly
waive enforcement of the ELD mandate with respect to livestock haulers, and to consider
amending the hours-of-service rules to provide more flexibility to drivers. These steps have been
opposed by safety advocates. The THUD bill includes provisions that would extend the waiver
for livestock haulers (§131).
In the committee report accompanying the bill, the committee directs the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to implement the recommendations in a recent
Government Accountability Office report on truck underride guards3 which are intended to
prevent cars from “underriding” truck trailers in a crash. Underride refers to crashes in which the
body of a car goes under a truck trailer, and the first contact between the two vehicles is the roof
of the car being sheared off by contact with the trailer. In such crashes the safety features of
passenger cars, such as crumple zones, safety belts, and air bags, are not able to protect the
vehicle occupants.
California High Speed Rail Project
The Administration announced in February 2019 that it would cancel the remaining $929 million
in federal funding for the California High Speed Rail Project after California’s new governor
announced that the project would be scaled back. Section 193 of the bill would bar DOT from
canceling the funding, or from reallocating the money until any litigation concerning the funding
is completed.
Automobile Fuel Economy Standards
Section 145 of the bill would prevent the Administration from suspending the higher corporate
average fuel economy (CAFE) standards that are scheduled to go into effect applying to model
year 2022-2025 vehicles.4
Department of Housing and Urban Development
As shown in Table 3, the President’s FY2020 budget requested a reduction of 18% relative to
FY2019 in gross appropriations available for programs and activities. Conversely, H.R. 3163
proposes to provide an increase of 6.9% in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2020 relative to
FY2019.

2 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, “Final Rule: Electronic Logging Devices,” 80 FR 78292, December 16,
2015, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-12-16/pdf/2015-31336.pdf.
3 Government Accountability Office, Truck Underride Guards: Improved Data Collection, Inspections, and Research
Needed, GAO-19-264, March 14, 2019.
4 See CRS In Focus IF10871, Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards, by Richard K. Lattanzio, Linda
Tsang, and Bill Canis for more information.
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Table 3. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY2019-FY2020
(dollars in millions)
FY2020
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted
Appropriations

Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.)
1,379
1,400
1,385

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8
22,598
22,238
23,810
Housing Choice Vouchers)

Voucher Renewals (non-add)
20,313
20,116
21,400

Administrative Fees (non-add)
1,886
1,738
1,925

VASH
40
0
40

FUP
20
0
40

Mobility Demonstration
25
0
25

Public Housing Capital Fund
2,775
0
2,855a

Public Housing Operating Fund
4,653
2,863
4,753

Choice Neighborhoods
150
0
300

Family Self Sufficiency
80
75
[100]b
Self Sufficiency Programsb
NA
NA
150

Native American Housing Block Grants
755
600
NAc

Native American Housing Block Grants
646
598
[671]c
(non-add)

Competitive Grants (non-add)
100
0
[100]c
Native American Programsc
NA
NA
855

Indian housing loan guarantee
1
3
3

Native Hawaiian block grant
2
0
3

Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA)
393
330
410

Community Development Fund
3,365
0
3,600

CDBG Formula Grants
3,300
0
3,600

Indian Tribes
65
0
[75]c

HOME Investment Partnerships
1,250
0
1,750

Self-Help Homeownership
54
0
55

Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership
10
0
10
Opportunity Program

Section 4 Capacity Building
35
0
40

Rural Capacity Building
5
0
5

Veterans Home Rehabilitation Pilot
4
0
0
Program

Homeless Assistance Grants
2,636
2,599
2,800d

Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)
11,747
12,020
12,590
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FY2020
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Accounts
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted

Contract Renewals
11,502
11,676
12,245

Contract Administrators
245
345
345

Rental Assistance Demonstration
—
100
0

Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
678
644
803e

Housing for Persons with Disabilities
184
157
259
(Section 811)

Housing Counseling Assistance
50
45
60

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundf
12
12
12

Rental Housing Assistance
5
3
3

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
130
150
130
Expensesf

Government National Mortgage Assn.
28
28
28
(GNMA) Expensesf

Research and technology
96
87
98

Fair housing activities
65
62
75

Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-
24
24
27
add)

Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-
40
36
46
add)

Office, lead hazard control
279
290
290

Information Technology Fund
280
280
300

Inspector General
128
129
132

Gross Appropriations Subtotal
53,774
44,114
57,508

Offsetting Collections and Receipts

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-12
-12
-12

FHA
-7,550
-6,271
-6,251

GNMA
-2,004
-1,182
-1,182

Offsets Subtotal
-9,566
-7,465
-7,445

Rescissions

Section 237 (Indian Housing Loan
<1
0
0
Guarantee)

Rescissions Subtotal
<1
0
0

Total Net Discretionary Budget
44,208 36,649g
50,064
Authority

Supplemental Disaster Relief Funding
4,111h
0
0

Total w/ Disaster Funding
48,319
36,649
50,064
Source: HUD FY2020 Congressional Budget Justifications and Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, pp.
170-189, in H.Rept. 116-106.
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THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief

Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding. Only selected set-asides are presented in this table. Figures include
advance appropriations available in the fiscal year, rather than provided in the bill.
a. H.R. 3163 would fund two set-asides generally funded in this account—Resident Opportunities for Self-
Sufficiency and Jobs-Plus—in a new Self Sufficiency Programs account. See table note b.
b. H.R. 3163 would create a new “Self Sufficiency Programs” account and in it provide $100 million for the
Family Self Sufficiency Program—$35 million for Resident Opportunities for Self Sufficiency and $15 million
for Jobs Plus, both of which are generally funded through set-asides in the Public Housing Capital Fund
account.
c. H.R. 3163 would create a new Native American Programs account, funding Native American Housing Block
Grants, Indian CDBG, and the Tile VI Loan program.
d. The proposal in H.R. 3163 for the Homeless Assistance Grants includes $290 million for the Emergency
Solutions Grants. The remainder of the funding, for the Continuum of Care program, includes set asides to
assist survivors of domestic violence ($50 million) and homeless youth ($100 million, an increase over the
$80 million appropriated in FY2019).
e. H.R. 3163 would provide $10 million in the Housing for the Elderly account to assist low-income elderly
households with home modifications. This amount was also included in the FY2019 appropriation.
f.
Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the collection of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table.
g. The President’s Budget request includes $7 million in rescissions of advance appropriations provided in the
bill but not available until the subsequent fiscal year. Thus the total requested to be provided in the bill is
$7 million less than the amount shown here.
h. Includes $1.68 billion provided by P.L. 115-254 and $2.431 billion provided by P.L. 116-20 to the
Community Development Fund for CDBG-Disaster Relief grants.
Selected HUD Issues
Grant Funding
The President’s budget request for FY2020 again included a proposal to eliminate funding for
several HUD grant programs that support various affordable housing and community
development activities. Most notable among these are HUD’s two largest block grant programs
for states and localities, CDBG and HOME Investment Partnerships (HOME), as well as
competitive grants funded in the Self-Help Homeownership Opportunity Program (SHOP)
account (i.e., funding for sweat-equity programs, like Habitat for Humanity, and certain capacity-
building programs). The HUD press release accompanying the budget request suggests that the
activities funded by these grant programs should be devolved to the state and local levels.5
These grant programs were also slated for elimination in the President’s FY2018 and FY2019
budget requests, although they were ultimately funded in each of those fiscal years. H.R. 3163
includes funding for each program.

5 HUD, “Trump Administration Proposes 2020 HUD Budget: Spending plan preserves rental subsidies; increases
homeless assistance and healthy housing,” press release, March 11, 2019, https://www.hud.gov/press/
press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_19_027.
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THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief

Rental Assistance
Combined, HUD’s rental assistance programs (tenant-based rental assistance, public housing,
project-based rental assistance, and the Section 202 and Section 811 programs) serve roughly 4.7
million low-income individuals and families. Through the various programs, the federal
government provides subsidies to allow families to pay low, income-based rents, generally set at
30% of a family’s adjusted income.
The HUD press release accompanying the budget requests contends that the requested funding for
the various rental assistance programs would be sufficient to continue to serve all currently
assisted households.6 However, the President’s budget documents assume adoption of a set of
rent reforms designed to increase tenant rents and therefore reduce federal subsidies that were
proposed in 2018 but have seen no legislative action in Congress.7 H.R. 3163 would not adopt
the proposed rent reforms, and instead proposes to provide increased funding for each of these
programs.
Policy Provisions
H.R. 3163 includes a number of new General Provisions to block HUD’s implementation of
various administrative actions that have been considered controversial:
 Section 234 would block HUD’s implementation of a proposed rule to restrict the
eligibility of certain families composed of members with varied immigration
statuses from receiving housing assistance.8
 Section 236 would block HUD from revising or repealing HUD rules related to
equal access to housing based on sexual orientation and gender identity.
 Section 237 could codify other HUD guidance related to transgender persons’
access to emergency shelters in accordance with gender identity; and
 Section 238 would prevent HUD from altering its Annual Contributions
Contracts used in the public housing program without going through a notice-
and-rulemaking process.

6 Ibid.
7 See HUD FY2020 Congressional Budget Justifications, “Overview of Rental Assistance Programs”, available at
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2020CJ-OverviewOfRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf.
8 For more information, see CRS Insight IN11121, HUD’s Proposal to End Assistance to Mixed Status Families.
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THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief

THUD Independent Agencies
Table 4. THUD Independent Agencies, FY2019-FY2020
(dollars in millions)
FY2020
FY2019
FY2020
House-
FY2020
FY2020
Related Agencies
Enacted
Request
Reported
Senate
Enacted

Access Board
8
8
8

Federal Maritime Commission
28
28
28

National Railroad Passenger
23
23
23
Corporation (Amtrak) Office of
Inspector General

National Transportation Safety
110
110
110
Board

Neighborhood Reinvestment
152
27
170
Corporation (NeighborWorks)

Surface Transportation Board
37
37
37

Offsetting Collections
-1
-1
-1

U.S. Interagency Council on
4
1
4
Homelessness
Total
361
234
380

Source: FY2020 President’s Budget documents and Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, pp. 170-189, in
H.Rept. 116-106.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Selected Independent Agencies Issues
USICH
As in FY2018 and FY2019, the President’s FY2020 budget requested legislation to begin the
process of winding down the Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH), which was created
in 1987 to coordinate across government agencies to reduce and end homelessness. The requested
funding level was intended to cover salaries, benefits, and operational costs for permanently
closing the agency. The USICH has a statutory sunset date—currently, October 1, 2028—that has
generally been extended in annual appropriations acts. H.R. 3163 proposes to maintain level
funding for the USICH and to extend the statutory sunset date.
NeighborWorks America
Similarly, and as in FY2018 and FY2019, the President’s FY2020 budget included a request for
legislation to begin the process of winding down federal funding for the Neighborhood
Reinvestment Corporation (commonly known as NeighborWorks America), which was created
via federal charter in 1978 to support affordable housing and neighborhood revitalization
nationwide. The requested funding level of $27 million is intended to cover personnel,
administrative, and other costs associated with winding down existing commitments. H.R. 3163
proposes to increase funding for NeighborWorks America relative to FY2019.
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THUD FY2020 Appropriations: In Brief

Author Information

Maggie McCarty
David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Housing Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
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under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
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