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Updated March 6, 2017
Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: Wyoming
Overview
Local Impacts
The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is managed by the Federal
From FY2000 to FY2015, 17 county governments and one
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and is the
tribal government in Wyoming received aid under major
primary source of federal assistance following a major
disaster declarations. Platte County received aid for the
disaster declaration. The authority to declare a major
highest number of declarations during this period, with
disaster is provided to the President under the Robert T.
four.
Stafford Emergency Relief and Disaster Assistance Act
(P.L. 93-288).
Figure 1. DRF Actual and Projected Obligations for
Declared Major Disasters in Wyoming, by Fiscal Year
The information below includes only DRF funding
Figures are in millions of dol ars, truncated. The number of
provided to Wyoming as a result of assistance associated
declarations per year is in parentheses.
with a major disaster declaration. This information does not
include other assistance provided through the DRF or
disaster assistance provided by other federal sources, such
as Small Business Administration disaster loans.
FEMA administers disaster relief through regional offices
around the country. Wyoming is part of Region VIII,
headquartered in Denver, CO.
Major Disaster Declarations: FY2000-
FY2015
A total of five major disaster declarations were made in the
state of Wyoming between FY2000 and FY2015. During
that time, there was also one request for a major disaster
declaration that was denied. The approved declarations led
to $27 million in actual and projected federal obligations
from the DRF. Actual and projected obligations are used
throughout this In Focus to account for the total amount of
federal assistance ultimately obligated. This funding does
not include the assistance that was provided directly by the
state, either as a cost-share for federal assistance or through
the state’s own authorities and programs.
There was a high level of variation in the amount of actual
and projected funding obligated for major disasters each
year, with more than $10 million in actual and projected
obligations for disasters in FY2015 alone. Figure 1
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligations data as of December
displays the actual and projected obligations to Wyoming
2015.
each fiscal year. Wyoming did not receive more than one
Notes: Actual and projected obligations are recorded in the fiscal
major disaster declaration in any year during this period.
year in which the major disaster was declared. Only obligations from
Most Costly Declarations
the FEMA DRF are included. Please consult the “Additional
Resources” section for information on other federal assistance
The declaration associated with the largest actual and
programs.
projected obligations from the DRF to the state of
Wyoming was for severe storms and flooding in FY2015.
Types of Assistance Provided for Major
This declaration resulted in more than $10 million in actual
Disasters
and projected obligations to Wyoming from the DRF.
A major disaster declaration can authorize funding for
different purposes, depending on the needs of the state.
The next two most costly declarations were for severe
These purposes include:
storms, flooding, and landslides in FY2011 and a tornado in
FY2005.
Public Assistance, which is used by tribal, state, or local
governments, or certain private nonprofit organizations
to provide emergency protective services, conduct
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Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: Wyoming
debris removal operations, and repair or replace
Assistance Grants. The funding associated with these types
damaged public infrastructure;
of assistance typically results in lower obligation levels than
assistance provided as a result of major disaster
Individual Assistance, which provides direct aid to
declarations, although there is significant variation across
impacted households;
incidents.
Hazard Mitigation Assistance, which funds mitigation
Emergency Declarations are often made at the time a
and resiliency projects and programs, typically across
threat is recognized in order to assist tribal, state, and
the entire state;
local efforts prior to an incident.
FEMA administrative costs associated with each disaster Fire Management Assistance Grants (FMAGs) provide
declaration; and
aid for the control, management, and mitigation of fires.
Mission Assignment, which tasks and reimburses other
FEMA Assistance Not Funded Through
federal entities that provide direct disaster assistance.
the DRF: National Flood Insurance
Program
The decision concerning which types of assistance to
Floods represent a majority of all major disaster
provide is made either when the major disaster is declared
declarations nationwide. One of the primary sources of
or when the declaration is amended. For many major
assistance for flooding events is the National Flood
disasters, all of the assistance types outlined above are
Insurance Program (NFIP), which is not funded through the
authorized. For others, some assistance types are not
DRF. For more information on the NFIP, please refer to
authorized. Figure 2 compares the actual and projected
CRS Report R44593, Introduction to FEMA’s National
obligations for different types of assistance provided to
Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Wyoming as a result of a major disaster declaration from
FY2000 to FY2015.
Additional Resources
Many existing CRS products address issues related to the
Figure 2. DRF Assistance for Wyoming, by Type
DRF, the disaster declaration process, and types of DRF
(FY2000-FY2015)
assistance. Below is a list of several of these resources:
CRS Report R41981, Congressional Primer on
Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
CRS Report R43519, Natural Disasters and Hazards:
CRS Experts
CRS Report R43784, FEMA’s Disaster Declaration
Process: A Primer
CRS Report R43537, FEMA’s Disaster Relief Fund:
Overview and Selected Issues
CRS Report R44619, FEMA Disaster Housing: The
Individuals and Households Program—Implementation
and Potential Issues for Congress
CRS Report R43990, FEMA’s Public Assistance Grant
Program: Background and Considerations for Congress
CRS Experts
FEMA Disaster Assistance:
Source: CRS analysis of FEMA DRF obligation data as of December
Bruce R. Lindsay
2015.
Jared T. Brown
Shawn Reese
Note: The specific assistance within each of the identified types may
have changed in the period FY2000 to FY2015.
National Flood Insurance Program:
Other FEMA Assistance Funded
Diane P. Horn
Through the DRF
In addition to the major disaster assistance described above,
Bruce R. Lindsay, Analyst in American National
there are other forms of assistance that are funded through
Government
the DRF. These include assistance associated with
IF10108
Emergency Declarations and with Fire Management
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Major Disaster Assistance from the DRF: Wyoming
Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to
congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress.
Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has
been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the
United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be
reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include
copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you
wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.
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