FY2009 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress

FY2009 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress

FY2009 Defense Budget:
Issues for Congress
Stephen Daggett
Ronald O’Rourke
Lawrence Kapp
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Congressional Research Service
February 11, 2008

Outline
• Overview, Trends, Issues: Steve Daggett
• Weapons Acquisition: Ronald O’Rourke
• Personnel Issues: Lawrence Kapp
2

FY2009 Defense Budget:

Overview, Trends, and Issues
Stephen Daggett
(202 707-7642)
sdaggett@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Defense Policy and Budgets
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Congressional Research Service

Key Budget Terminology
• Budget authority versus outlays
• National defense budget function versus
Department of Defense budget
• Discretionary versus mandatory funds
• Regular appropriations versus
“emergency” and/or “supplemental” and/or
“additional” appropriations
4

5

DOD Discretionary Budget Authority,

Base Budget Only (Excluding Supps), FY2007-FY2009
Source: Department of Defense, DOD FY2009 Budget Request Summary Justification, Feb. 2008.
6

FY2008 War-Related Supplemental Funding:
$102.5 Billion of Request Remains

8

National Defense Budget Authority & Outlays,
FY1950-FY2013

700
600
illions
B 500
in
$
9
0 400
0
2
FY 300
nt
ta 200
ons
C
Budget Authority
100
Outlays
0
FY1950
FY1960
FY1970
FY1980
FY1990
FY2000
FY2010
Fiscal Year
9

National Defense Outlays % GDP:
FY1950-FY2013

16%
FY1953
14.2%
12%
FY1968
9.5%
8%
FY1986
6.2%
FY2009
4.5%
4%
FY1978
4.7%
FY2000
3.0%
0%
FY1950
FY1960
FY1970
FY1980
FY1990
FY2000
FY2010
10
Fiscal Year

National Defense Outlays % Federal Outlays
FY1950-FY2013

80%
FY1953
69.4%
70%
60%
FY1968
46.0%
50%
40%
FY1986
27.6%
FY2007
30%
20.5%
20%
FY1978
22.8%
FY2000
10%
16.5%
0%
FY1950 FY1960 FY1970 FY1980 FY1990 FY2000 FY2010
Fiscal Year
11

Federal Outlays by Category as % GDP
FY1962-FY2012

20%
Net Interest
15%
P
Mandatory
D
% G 10%
Non-Defense
Discretionary
5%
Defense Discretionary
0%
FY1962
FY1972
FY1982
FY1992
FY2002
FY2012
Fiscal Year
12

Long-Term Budget Challenges
• Top line for “base” budget flattens out
• Funding for “modernization” squeezed by
– Increased cost of personnel
– Continued steady growth of operations
– Cost growth in major weapons program
• Issue for Congress – “affordability”
– Steady state cost of adding 92K ground forces
– Air Force -- $20 billion annual acquisition shortfall
– Navy – 313 ship goal
13

Real Growth in DOD Base Budget,
FY1998-FY2013
700
Base Budget Trend
FY98-FY09: +44%
600
193
FY09-FY13: - 1%
s
n
177
70
500
75 80
131
illio
112
21
25
400
4
13 11
2009$ B
Y
t F 300
an
492 518 517 512 511 511
st
n 200
o
360 372 377 390 415 452 464 420 436 446
C
100
Supplementals
Base Budget
0
FY1998 FY2001 FY2004 FY2007 FY2010 FY2013
Fiscal Year
14

Military Personnel Pay and Benefits per Troop
Indexed to FY1972 Using CPI
160
MilPers per Troop Index
1972 = 100
140
120
100
80
FY1975 FY1980 FY1985 FY1990 FY1995 FY2000 FY2005
15
Fiscal Year

Why Personnel Cost More: Increases in
Military Pay and Benefits Since 1999
• 6 years of “Employment Cost Index” + ½ % pay raises
(ending in 2006), ECI in FY2007, ECI + ½% in FY2008
• 4 rounds of “pay table reform,” the latest in 2007
• “TRICARE for Life” for 65 and older military retirees
• Increased housing allowances to eliminate differences
between on-base and off-base housing costs
• “Concurrent receipt” of retired pay and disability benefits for
retirees with VA disability rating of 50% or greater
• Repeal of 1986 “Redux” retirement program which gave lower
pensions to those recruited after that time
• Repeal of offset of Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) payments for
receipt of Social Security after age 62
• TRICARE health insurance, with premium of 28% of cost, for
all reservists and their dependents
16

Adding 92,000 Active Duty Troops to Army and
Marine Corps End-Strength by FY2012
Year by Year End-Strength Projections
FY2007 FY2008
FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012
FY2013
Army ES
522.4K
525.4K
532.4K
539.4K
546.4K
547.4K
547.4K
Marine ES
180.4K
186.5K
194.0K 199.0K
202.0K
202.0K
202.0K
Year by Year Cost Projections
FY2008 FY2009
FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY09-13
$ in Billions
$ 11.9 $ 20.5
$ 21.9 $ 18.3
$16.6 $ 13.3
$ 90.7
Note: Army Baseline of 482.4K + 65.0K = 547.4K
Marine Corps Baseline of 175.0K + 27.0K = 202.0K
Source: Department of Defense Fact Sheet, February 5, 2008.
17

Operating Costs Grow: Total Operation &
Maintenance $ per Troop: FY1955-FY2013

120,000
O&M Per Troop
100,000
Trend +2.5% Per Year
80,000
2009 $
Y
t F
60,000
n
ta
s
n
40,000
o
C
20,000
0
1955
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
Fiscal Year
18

Why O&M Costs Continue to Climb
• Civilian personnel pay and benefits – most
civilians paid in O&M
• Health care cost growth – major issue for DOD
• Quality of life/environmental cleanup and
compliance, etc
• Costs of recruitment and training
• Costs of operating and maintaining modern
weapons
19

Costs of Recapitalization/
Modernization Climb

• Common view: Unit cost of equipment
dramatically higher than in earlier generations –
e.g., F-16 vs F-35 (low end)
– General evidence from industry briefings
– Further research needed
• Add lack of effective cost controls
– GAO findings
– Industry claims due to instability, GAO argues due to
acceptance of excessive risk
20

Recapitalization Rates:
1985 vs. 2008
1985
2008
∆
Tactical Fighters
338
56
-282
Bombers
34
0
- 34
Other Fixed Wing
211
153
-58
Rotary Wing
354
373
+19
-
Missiles
87,113
13,471
73,642
Tracked Combat
2,414
1,258
-1,156
Vehicles
-
Tactical Vehicles
56,551
32,276
24,275
Satellites
10
1
-9
(Unclassified)
Ships
23
7
-16
21
Source: Adapted from Boeing Corporation, January 2008

Cost Growth in Weapons Programs: GAO
22

Why Do Weapons Costs Climb?
• Pressures to “transform”
– Effort to exploit rapidly advancing technology
– Result – pursuit of immature technologies
• Requirements creep – due, in part, to
– Smaller numbers
– Plus uncertain strategic requirements
• Tight budgets increase incentives to
underestimate costs – “buying in”
23

Current Defense Issues
• FY2008 Supplemental: $103 billion
pending
– Army O&M runs out by June
• FY2009 Supplemental
– $70 billion “placeholder” – understates deficit
– Full-year estimate expected in Spring
• Army and Marine Corps End-Strength
– Recruit quality an issue
24

Current Defense Issues (cont.)
• F-22 – $500 million planned for line
shutdown deleted from FY09 request
– Will request 4 aircraft in FY09 supp
– Lockheed says not enough to avoid shutdown
• C-17 – also no $ for line shutdown
• Cost growth issues
– Littoral Combat Ship – not ready
– TSAT (Comm Satellite) delay
25

Current Defense Issues (cont.)
• Commission on National Guard and
Reserve
– Units not fully prepared or equipped for
homeland defense
– Nor fully equipped for operational reserve role
• Global Partnership
– Money not large but
– DOD role remains matter of debate
26

FY2009 Defense Budget:

Weapons Acquisition
Ronald O’Rourke
(202 707-7610)
rorourke@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Naval Affairs
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Congressional Research Service

Ground Forces
• MRAP
– JROC approved 15,374; Commanders: fewer
• Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV)
– Development problems, cost growth
– Armor inserts; V hull
– DAB review early 2008 – additional
prototypes?
• Future Combat System (FCS)
– Technology Spin Out 1 this year
• Contact: Andrew Feickert, x7-7673
28

Airpower
• F-22
– 183 (OSD) vs. 381 (USAF)
– Keeping production line open
– F-15 structural problems
• F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)
– Second engine?
– Boeing proposal to skip Navy carrier version
• Long Range Strike
– Meeting 2018 goal for fielding new plane
• VH-71 Presidential helicopter
– Development problems; program restructuring
• Contact: Anthony Murch, x7-0432
29

Airpower (continued)
• KC-X competition
– Closely watched; award in late-Feb/Mar
• C-17 acquisition
– No FY08 funds requested for either new
acquisition or production line shutdown
• C-5 modernization
– Cost and cost effectiveness of Reliability
Enhancement and Re-Engining Program
• Contact: William Knight, x7-6427
30

Naval Forces
• Overall rate of Navy shipbuilding
– FY09-FY13 reductions; affordability of plan
• Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)
– Cost growth, schedule delays, restructuring
– Commonality with Coast Guard hulls
• Amphibious ships
– Force-level goal
– 10th LPD-17
• CG(X) cruiser
– Nuclear power?
• Virginia-class submarine
– Acceleration to 2 per year in FY11, or earlier?
• Contact: Ronald O’Rourke, x7-7610
31

Ballistic Missile Defense
• $10.9 billion requested for FY09
– Total above includes $400M in MilCon and BRAC
– $9.4B for Missile Defense Agency (MDA)
• European Ground-Based Defense (GMD)
element
– Debate over proposal last year
– Congress approved $225 million for FY08 for surveys
and analyses, but cut $85 million for site construction
pending resolution of several congressional concerns
– DOD has requested $720 million for FY09
• Contact: Steve Hildreth, x7-7635
32

Strategic nuclear forces
• (Former) conventional Trident missile
modification program
– Funding denied last year
– No longer unique program – merged into Prompt
Global Strike technology development program
• New Nuclear Posture Review
– Set to begin early ’09, with next Administration
• Next-generation SSBN
– Initial design work accelerated; to begin soon
• Contact: Amy Woolf, x7-2379
33

Nuclear Weapons
• Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW)
– Debate over its necessity
– Congress denied FY08 development funding
– DOE has requested $10 million for FY09
• Contact: Jonathan Medalia, x7-7632
34

FY2009 Defense Budget:

Manpower & Personnel Issues
Lawrence Kapp
(202 707-7609)
lkapp@crs.loc.gov
Specialist in Manpower Policy
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Congressional Research Service

MILITARY MANPOWER AND
PERSONNEL ISSUES IN 2008
• Manning Army
• Changing role of National Guard and
Reserve
• Implementation of Wounded Warrior
legislation

The Army Is Growing
Actual
Actual
Strength
Strength
Strength Goal
(Sep 30, 2006)
(Sep 30, 2007)
(Sep 30, 2009)
Active Army
505,402
522,017
532,400
Army Reserve
189,975
189,882
205,000
National
Guard
346,288
352,707
352,600
Total Army
1,041,665
1,064,606
1,090,000
- Active Army and Army National Guard strength grew by 23K during
FY2007, Army Reserve strength is stable, but under goal

- Total Army strength projected to grow another 25K by end of FY09,
unclear if Army Reserve can meet its strength goal

- Active Army wants to grow to 547,400 by FY2012, sooner if
37
possible

The Army Is Growing
• Growth is driven by combination of strong retention and
recruiting success:
– Army and Army Reserve have met or exceeded all their retention
goals for FY2005-2007, sometimes by large margins
– Army National Guard has been very close to its retention goal for
those years as well
– After poor recruiting year in FY2005, Army, Army Reserve, and
Army National Guard all had substantially better performance in
FY2006 and 2007, meeting or nearly meeting all their quantity
goals
• But…
– Improved recruiting has cost Army more in terms of advertising,
bonuses/incentives, and additional recruiters
– Recruit quality is declining according to some measures
38

Army Recruit Quantity
FY 2005-2007 Results
FY05
FY05
FY05
FY06
FY06
FY06
FY07
FY07
FY07
Component
(Goal)a
(Achieved)
(% of
(Goal)a
(Achieved)
(% of
(Goal)
(Achieved)
(% of
Goal)
Goal)
Goal)
Army
80,000
73,373
91.7%
80,000
80,635
100.8%
80,000
80,407
100.5%
Army
24,485
23,859
83.8%
36,032
34,379
95.4%
35,505
35,734
100.6%
Reserve
Army
National
63,002
50,219
83.8%
70,000
69,042
98.6%
70,000
66,652
95.2%
Guard
Number recruited for all Army components is up 24%
(147,451 in FY2005 vs. 182,793 in FY2007)
39

Army Recruit Quality
FY 2005-2007 Results
DOD Quality
FY2007
FY2005 (Achieved)
FY2006 (Achieved)
Benchmarks
(Achieved)
Component
AFQT
AFQT
AFQT
AFQT
HSDG
HSDG
HSDG
HSDG
CAT I-IIIA
CAT I-IIIA
CAT I-IIIA
CAT I-IIIA
Army
90%
60%
87%
67%
81%
61%
79%
61%
Army Reserve
90%
60%
88%
67%
90%
59%
86%
57%
Army National
90%
60%
83%
57%
91%
57%
91%
57%
Guard
HSDG: High School Diploma Graduate
Source: Department of Defense
AFQT: Armed Forces Qualification Test
CAT I-IIIA: Categories I-IIIA (above average scores)
Quality concerns:
• Lower HSDG & AFQT for Active Army & Army Reserve
• Army National Guard improved HSDG, but AFQT below
standard
• Medical and Conduct Waivers Up (see handout)

Recruiting Challenges

Perceived Causes of Army Recruiting Difficulties
• War – over six years in Afghanistan, nearly five in Iraq
• Army is growing – needs to recruit more people than it
did a few years ago
• About ¾ of target population for enlistment (males aged
17-24) do not meet military standards for entry –
physical, intellectual, moral, educational, dependency
• Unemployment is low – plenty of alternatives to military
service
• High proportion of youth (about 2/3) going on to college
• Declining “propensity to serve” among youth
• “Influencers” – parents, teachers, coaches -- less willing
to recommend military service
41

Recruiting

Options for Congress and Executive Branch
• Use of traditional policy levers:
– more advertising, more bonuses, more recruiters
• Change entrance standards to expand the eligible
population – perhaps on a “pilot program” basis only:
– Allow more overweight (with enhanced weight loss program)
– Allow more non-HSDG (increase in costs due to attrition likely)
– Allow certain illegal immigrants to serve (screening criteria
important)
– Review of medical standards for military necessity
• Increasing military connections to local communities:
– Recruiter assistant program
– JROTC (not a recruiting program, but provides youth with
exposure to military)
• More attractive programs for college-bound or college
42
enrolled youth

Changing Role of National Guard
and Reserve
• In Cold War-era, Reserve Components were largely
“strategic reserve”
– To be accessed infrequently, in times of national crisis
• Since end of Cold War (1989), and particularly since
September 11th attacks (2001), military has increasingly
relied upon Reserve Components as “operational
reserve”
– Able to provide forces for wide array of operations on regular
basis (e.g., Desert Storm, Bosnia, Haiti, Kosovo, Afghanistan,
and Iraq)
• September 11th attacks and Hurricane Katrina also
demonstrated utility of National Guard and Reserve in
conducting homeland security and domestic emergency
type missions
43

Changing Role of the National
Guard and Reserve
• 108th and 109th Congress directed Commission on
National Guard and Reserve to study:
– Reserve Component roles and missions
– Reserve Component compensation
– National Guard Empowerment Act (H.R. 5200/S 2658 in 109th
Congress)
• Recommendations on National Guard Empowerment Act
contained in Second Interim Report issued March 1,
2007
– Available at [http://www.cngr.gov]
• Many recommendations of this report were incorporated
into law in FY08 National Defense Authorization Act
44

Changing Role of the National
Guard and Reserve
• Final Report issued January 31, 2008
– Available at [http://www.cngr.gov]
• The report makes 95 recommendations with regards to:
– Developing and sustaining an “operational reserve,”
– Using the Reserve Components in homeland operations
– Modifying Reserve Component compensation, training, support,
equipment, and personnel management
• Congressional response to these recommendations
could have major impact on how Reserve Components
are organized, manned, trained, equipped, and funded
• Some recommendations have impacts beyond Reserve
Components
45

Changing Role of the National
Guard and Reserve
Some recommendations of the Commission include:
– New activation authority for responding to disasters
– Major revisions to military promotion system
– Increase training for most reservists beyond traditional 39 days
per year
– Reserve Component members allowed to participate in FEHBP
– Increase funding for family support services
– Reduce reserve duty statuses from 29 to 2 (on active duty and
off active duty)
– Major revisions to military retirement system: integrate active and
reserve systems, vest earlier, full annuity later, matching
contributions to TSP
– Reorganize Reserve Component categories, to include
Operational Reserve Force and Strategic Reserve Force
– Eliminate Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve
Affairs; assign responsibilities to Under Secretary or Assistant
Secretary of Defense having responsibility for corresponding
active component issues
46

Wounded Warrior
• Wounded Warrior legislation passed as part of National
Defense Authorization Act for FY 2008 (P.L. 110-181)
• Response to concerns about quality and availability of
medical, dental, and mental health care services for
servicemembers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan,
and difficulties experienced when transitioning from
military to veteran status
• Includes numerous requirements for executive branch,
including development of joint DoD/VA policy on
recovering servicemembers and redesign of certain
programs and processes in DoD and VA
• Congress will likely conduct vigorous oversight of
implementation of these provisions and may be asked to
pass additional legislation to facilitate implementation
47

MILITARY MANPOWER AND
PERSONNEL ISSUES
Backup Slides
On Recruit Waivers
(Active Components)
Data provided by Department of Defense

Non-prior Service Enlisted Accessions
with Waivers
Fiscal Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
DoD Total Accessions
184,847
182,051
160,685
168,629
167,552
# With Waivers
37,469
36,587
37,262
39,080
42,377
% With Waivers
20.3%
20.1%
23.2%
23.2%
25.3%

Army Accessions
69,571
72,233
65,019
69,395
67,395
# With Waivers
8,836
8,918
10,185
13,518
14,820
% With Waivers
12.7%
12.3%
15.7%
19.5%
22.0%

Marine Corps Accessions
38,685
36,791
38,882
32,337
35,603
# With Waivers
18,494
18,085
19,892
16,392
17,750
% With Waivers
47.8%
49.2%
51.2%
50.7%
49.9%

Navy Accessions
40,462
39,426
37,610
36,187
36,794
# With Waivers
6,878
6,700
5,845
6,635
7,378
% With Waivers
17.0%
17.0%
15.5%
18.3%
20.1%

Air Force Accessions
36,129
33,601
19,174
30,710
27,760
# With Waivers
3,261
2,884
1,340
2,535
2,429
% With Waivers
9.0%
8.6%
7.0%
8.3%
8.8%

49

Distribution of Waivers by Reason for Waiver

Fiscal Year
Total Waivers
Percent of Waivers
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
DoD

Number of Waivers
44,613
43,611
45,639
45,835
51,112
44,613 43,611
45,639
45,835
51,112
Waiver Type

Aptitude
296
543
49
27
21
0.7% 1.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
Medical
8,886
9,829
11,373
11,386
12,545
19.9% 22.5%
24.9%
24.8%
24.5%
Conduct
30,952
29,574
30,522
30,695
33,050
69.4% 67.8%
66.9%
67.0%
64.7%
Other
4,479
3,665
3,695
3,727
5,496
10.0% 8.4%
8.1%
8.1%
10.8%

Army

Number of Waivers
8,847
8,939
10,204
13,536
17,030
8,847 8,939
10,204
13,536
17,030
Waiver Type

Aptitude 0
0
0
0
0
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Medical 3,434
4,164
4,331
4,501
4,962
38.8%
46.6%
42.4%
33.3%
29.1%
Conduct 4,918
4,529
5,506
8,129
10,258
55.6%
50.7%
54.0%
60.1%
60.2%
Other 495
246
367
906
1,810
5.6%
2.8%
3.6%
6.7%
10.6%

Marine Corps

Number of Waivers
24,944
24,324
27,740
22,351
23,254
24,944 24,324
27,740
22,351
23,254
Waiver Type

Aptitude 0
0
0
0
0
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Medical 4,304
4,433
5,835
5,308
5,759
17.3%
18.2%
21.0%
23.7%
24.8%
Conduct 19,195
18,669
20,426
16,969
17,413
77.0%
76.8%
73.6%
75.9%
74.9%
Other 1,445
1,222
1,479
74
82
5.8%
5.0%
5.3%
0.3%
0.4%

Navy

Number of Waivers
7,420
7,171
6,239
7,330
8,249
7,420 7,171
6,239
7,330
8,249
Waiver Type

Aptitude 189
530
46
10
9
2.5%
7.4%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
Medical 1,050
1,024
1,098
1,451
1,712
14.2%
14.3%
17.6%
19.8%
20.8%
Conduct 4,207
3,846
3,467
3,502
3,288
56.7%
53.6%
55.6%
47.8%
39.9%
Other 1,974
1,771
1,628
2,367
3,240
26.6%
24.7%
26.1%
32.3%
39.3%

Air Force

Number of Waivers
3,402
3,177
1,456
2,618
2,579
3,402 3,177
1,456
2,618
2,579
Waiver Type

Aptitude 107
13
3
17
12
3.1%
0.4%
0.2%
0.6%
0.5%
Medical 98
208
109
126
112
2.9%
6.5%
7.5%
4.8%
4.3%
Conduct 2,632
2,530
1,123
2,095
2,091
77.4%
79.6%
77.1%
80.0%
81.1%
Other 565
426
221
380
364
16.6%
13.4%
15.2%
14.5%
14.1%

* Data through September 30, 2007

1. Number of waivers may exceed "Accessions with Waivers" (in Table 1) due to individuals receiving multiple waivers
2. Comparing waivers across Services may be misleading because waiver requirements are applied against Service-specific standards which vary
50
3. The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, used in Aptitude Waivers, was renormed in FY2005
4. Marine Corp data for 2006 has changed from previous reports – data previously included Reserve data
5. Changes in the collection and reporting of Conduct Waiver data in June 2007 may make comparisons to previous years unreliable

Distribution of Conduct Waivers by Type of Offense
Total Conduct Waivers
Category Percentages
Fiscal Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
DoD

Conduct Waivers
30,952 29,574 30,522 30,695 33,050 30,952 29,574 30,522 30,695 33,050
Waiver Type

Felony Convictions
824 638 1,163 647 903 2.7% 2.2% 3.8% 2.1% 2.7%
Felony Arrests (No

816
1,077

2.7% 3.3%
Conviction)
Serious Misdemeanor
10,324 9,235 10,523 12,961 14,320 33.4% 31.2% 34.5% 42.2% 43.3%
Minor Misdemeanor
1,824 2,533 1,840 2,158 1,695 5.9% 8.6% 6.0% 7.0% 5.1%
Serious Traffic
1,699 1,413 929 289 589 5.5% 4.8% 3.0% 0.9% 1.8%
Minor Traffic
1,564 1,587 1,369 588 597 5.1% 5.4% 4.5% 1.9% 1.8%
Drug
14,717 14,168 14,698 13,236 13,869 47.5% 47.9% 48.2% 43.1% 42.0%

Army

Conduct Waivers
4,918 4,529 5,506 8,129
10,258 4,918 4,529 5,506 8,129
10,258
Waiver Type

Felony
Convictions
411 360 571 246 511
8.4%
7.9%
10.4%
3.0%
5.0%
Felony Arrests (No

655 877

8.1% 8.5%
Conviction)
Serious
Misdemeanor
2,731 2,560 4,054 6,158 7,331
55.5%
56.5%
73.6%
75.8%
71.5%
Minor
Misdemeanor
100 113 123 169 155
2.0%
2.5%
2.2%
2.1%
1.5%
Serious
Traffic
742 844 124
35 152
15.1%
18.6%
2.3%
0.4%
1.5%
Minor
Traffic
5 6 4 1 4
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
Drug
929
646
630
865 1,228 18.9% 14.3% 11.4% 10.6% 12.0%

Marine Corps

Conduct Waivers
19,195 18,669 20,426 16,969 17,413 19,195 18,669 20,426 16,969 17,413
Waiver Type

Felony
Convictions
352 234 481 208 350
1.8%
1.3%
2.4%
1.2%
2.0%
Felony Arrests (No

161 173

0.9% 1.0%
Conviction)
Serious
Misdemeanor
3,443 3,504 4,239 3,702 3,748
17.9%
18.8%
20.8%
21.8%
21.5%
Minor
Misdemeanor
530 424 523 227 243
2.8%
2.3%
2.6%
1.3%
1.4%
Serious
Traffic
271 241 321 138 161
1.4%
1.3%
1.6%
0.8%
0.9%
Minor
Traffic
1,315 1,268 1,142
489
449 6.9% 6.8% 5.6% 2.9% 2.6%
Drug
13,284 12,998 13,720 12,044 12,289 69.2% 69.6% 67.2% 71.0% 70.6%

Navy

Conduct Waivers
4,207 3,846 3,467 3,502 3,288 4,207 3,846 3,467 3,502 3,288
Waiver Type

Felony
Convictions
56
40
109
190
42 1.3% 1.0% 3.1% 5.4% 1.3%
Felony Arrests (No

25

0.8%
Conviction)
Serious
Misdemeanor
2,844 2,340 1,872 2,340 2,627
67.6%
60.8%
54.0%
66.8%
79.9%
Minor
Misdemeanor
548 677 911 481 254
13.0%
17.6%
26.3%
13.7%
7.7%
Serious
Traffic
116
131
119
66
25 2.8% 3.4% 3.4% 1.9% 0.8%
Minor
Traffic
139
134
108
98
108 3.3% 3.5% 3.1% 2.8% 3.3%
Drug
504 524 348 327 207
12.0%
13.6%
10.0%
9.3%
6.3%

Air Force

Conduct Waivers
2,632 2,530 1,123 2,095 2,091 2,632 2,530 1,123 2,095 2,091
Waiver Type

Felony
Convictions
5 4 2 3 0
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
Felony Arrests (No

2

0.1%
Conviction)
Serious
Misdemeanor
1,306 831 358 761 614
49.6%
32.8%
31.9%
36.3%
29.4%
Minor
Misdemeanor
646 1,319
283 1,281 1,043 24.5% 52.1% 25.2% 61.1% 49.9%
Serious
Traffic
570 197 365
50 251
21.7%
7.8%
32.5%
2.4%
12.0%
Minor
Traffic
105
179
115
0
36 4.0% 7.1%
10.2% 0.0% 1.7%
Drug
0
0
0
0
145 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.9%
51

Document Outline

FY2009 Defense Budget: Issues for Congress

Outline

FY2009 Defense Budget: Overview, Trends, and Issues

Key Budget Terminology

Slide Number 5

DOD Discretionary Budget Authority, Base Budget Only (Excluding Supps), FY2007-FY2009

Slide Number 7

FY2008 War-Related Supplemental Funding: $102.5 Billion of Request Remains

National Defense Budget Authority & Outlays, FY1950-FY2013

National Defense Outlays % GDP: FY1950-FY2013

National Defense Outlays % Federal Outlays FY1950-FY2013

Federal Outlays by Category as % GDP FY1962-FY2012

Long-Term Budget Challenges

Real Growth in DOD Base Budget, FY1998-FY2013

Military Personnel Pay and Benefits per Troop Indexed to FY1972 Using CPI

Why Personnel Cost More: Increases in Military Pay and Benefits Since 1999

Adding 92,000 Active Duty Troops to Army and Marine Corps End-Strength by FY2012

Operating Costs Grow: Total Operation & Maintenance $ per Troop: FY1955-FY2013

Why O&M Costs Continue to Climb

Costs of Recapitalization/ Modernization Climb

Recapitalization Rates: 1985 vs. 2008

Cost Growth in Weapons Programs: GAO

Why Do Weapons Costs Climb?

Current Defense Issues

Current Defense Issues (cont.)

Current Defense Issues (cont.)

FY2009 Defense Budget: Weapons Acquisition

Ground Forces

Airpower

Airpower (continued)

Naval Forces

Ballistic Missile Defense

Strategic nuclear forces

Nuclear Weapons

FY2009 Defense Budget: Manpower & Personnel Issues

MILITARY MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL ISSUES IN 2008

The Army Is Growing

The Army Is Growing

Army Recruit Quantity

Army Recruit Quality

Recruiting Challenges Perceived Causes of Army Recruiting Difficulties

Recruiting Options for Congress and Executive Branch

Changing Role of National Guard and Reserve

Changing Role of the National Guard and Reserve

Changing Role of the National Guard and Reserve

Changing Role of the National Guard and Reserve

Wounded Warrior

MILITARY MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL ISSUES

Non-prior Service Enlisted Accessions with Waivers

Distribution of Waivers by Reason for Waiver

Distribution of Conduct Waivers by Type of Offense