{
  "id": "RS22516",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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  "number": "RS22516",
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      "id": 427000,
      "date": "2014-01-15",
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      "title": "Gene Patents: A Brief Overview of Intellectual Property Issues",
      "summary": "In the past, the U.S. courts upheld gene patents that met the criteria of patentability defined by the Patent Act. However, the practice of awarding patents on genes came under scrutiny by some scientists, legal scholars, politicians, and other experts. In June 2013, the Supreme Court ruled in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. that genomic DNA was ineligible for patenting under 35 U.S.C. \u00a7101 due to the \u201cproduct of nature\u201d doctrine. However, the Court adopted the view that cDNA could be patented. The Myriad holding attempts to provide inventors and firms with incentives to conduct R&D while recognizing that patent proprietors might obtain too much control over medical practice and future research.",
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      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816926/",
      "id": "RS22516_2013Jul18",
      "date": "2013-07-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Gene Patents: A Brief Overview of Intellectual Property Issues",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817345/",
      "id": "RS22516_2008Jan07",
      "date": "2008-01-07",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Gene Patents: A Brief Overview of Intellectual Property Issues",
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      "type": "CRS Report",
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          "filename": "files/20080107_RS22516_8557249ddec4aa186fa790c6e7a43ac4c6dbeb6f.html"
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc824588/",
      "id": "RS22516_2006Oct03",
      "date": "2006-10-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-04T14:48:17",
      "title": "Gene Patents: A Brief Overview of Intellectual Property Issues",
      "summary": "This report is a brief discussion of the ethical, legal, and economic issues of gene patenting.  The courts have upheld gene patents that meet the criteria of patentability defined by the Patent Act. However, the practice of awarding patents on genes has come under intense scrutiny by some scientists, legal scholars, politicians, and other experts.",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Patents",
          "name": "Patents"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Genetic engineering",
          "name": "Genetic engineering"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intellectual property",
          "name": "Intellectual property"
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  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy"
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}