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      "id": 440269,
      "date": "2007-06-25",
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      "title": "Border Security: The San Diego Fence",
      "summary": "This report outlines the issues involved with DHS\u2019s construction of the San Diego border fence and highlights some of the major legislative and administrative developments regarding its completion; it will be updated as warranted. (For more analysis of border fencing and other barriers, please see CRS Report RL33659, Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border, by Chad C. Haddal, Yule Kim, and Michael John Garcia.) Congress first authorized the construction of a 14-mile, triple-layered fence along the U.S.-Mexico border near San Diego in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996. By 2004, only nine miles had been completed, and construction was halted because of environmental concerns. The 109th Congress subsequently passed the REAL ID Act (P.L. 109-13, Div. B), which contained provisions to facilitate the completion of the 14-mile fence. These provisions allow the Secretary of Homeland Security to waive all legal requirements determined necessary to ensure expeditious construction of authorized barriers and roads. In September 2005, the Secretary used this authority to waive a number of mostly environmental and conservation laws. Subsequently, the Secure Fence Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-367) removed the specific IIRIRA provisions authorizing the San Diego fence and added provisions authorizing five stretches of two-layered reinforced fencing along the southwest border. While the specific authorization of the San Diego fence was deleted, the project appears permissible under a separate, more general authorization provision of IIRIRA. In the 110th Congress, S. 1639, introduced by Senator Edward Kennedy on June 20, 2007, would amend \u00a7 102 of IIRIRA to once again expressly authorize the construction of the San Diego fence.",
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      "id": "RS22026_2007May23",
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      "id": "RS22026_2006Sep15",
      "date": "2006-09-15",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
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      "id": "RS22026_2006Jan11",
      "date": "2006-01-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-04T14:48:17",
      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
      "summary": "This report outlines the issues involved with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) completion of the San Diego border fence and highlights some of the major legislative and administrative developments regarding the construction of new border fences.",
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      "id": "RS22026 2005-11-28",
      "date": "2005-11-28",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-14T17:32:22",
      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
      "summary": "This report outlines the issues involved with the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) completion of a three-tiered, 14-mile fence, along the border near San Diego, California. The state of California delayed completion of the fence due primarily to legal and policy conflicts with its federally-approved, state-run Coastal Management Program. Former authorization for the fence only allowed the waiver of the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. During the 109th Congress, provisions to facilitate the completion of the border fence were included in the REAL ID Act of 2005 (H.R. 41 8), which was subsequently added to H.R. 1268, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, and signed into law on May 1 1,2005 (P.L. 109-13). The border fence provisions allow the Secretary of DHS to waive all legal requirements determined necessary to ensure expeditious construction of authorized barriers and roads.",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815721/",
      "id": "RS22026_2005Aug08",
      "date": "2005-08-08",
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      "id": "RS22026_2005May09",
      "date": "2005-05-09",
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      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
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      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819308/",
      "id": "RS22026_2005Mar30",
      "date": "2005-03-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6276/",
      "id": "RS22026 2005-01-13",
      "date": "2005-01-13",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T22:33:20",
      "title": "Border Security: Fences Along the U.S. International Border",
      "summary": "This report outlines the issues involved with the Department of Homeland Security\u2019s (DHS\u2019s) completion of a three-tiered, 14-mile fence, along the border near San Diego, California. The state of California has delayed completion of the fence due primarily to legal and policy conflicts with its federally-approved, state-run Coastal Management Program. Current authorization for the fence only allows the waiver of the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. During the 108th Congress, a variety of proposals were introduced that would have allowed the department to waive a number of other environmental, conservation, and cultural laws and requirements to varying degrees. Similar proposals are likely to surface again during the 109th Congress.",
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  "topics": [
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    "Immigration Policy",
    "Intelligence and National Security"
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}