{ "id": "RS21852", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RS", "number": "RS21852", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS21852", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "89f63a7bbd15d4437d10dbfd2f70490521aed2f4", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21852/144", "filename": "files/2023-01-30_RS21852_89f63a7bbd15d4437d10dbfd2f70490521aed2f4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-01-30_RS21852_89f63a7bbd15d4437d10dbfd2f70490521aed2f4.html" } ], "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2023-10-09T04:03:24.524003", "date": "2023-01-30", "typeId": "RS", "id": "RS21852_144_2023-01-30", "active": true }, { "summary": 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missile defenses and combat aircraft, and supporting U.S. policy toward Iran. Most expect this to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who has been incapacitated since January 2014, is succeeded by his younger brother and de-facto UAE leader Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan. \nWith ample financial resources and a U.S.-armed and advised military, the UAE has been asserting itself in the region. In part to counter Iran, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in a military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, a campaign aided by some U.S. logistical support but which produced significant criticism of the UAE. That criticism, coupled with UAE concerns that U.S.-Iran tensions could embroil the UAE in war with Iran, caused a UAE shift toward more engagement with Iran and a decision to remove most of the UAE\u2019s ground forces from the Yemen conflict. UAE forces continue to support pro-UAE factions in southern Yemen and, alongside U.S. special operations forces, continue to combat Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. The UAE has sought to counteract criticism by expanding its financial donations to Yemen, directly and through regional and international organizations.\nThe UAE\u2019s consideration of Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as regional and domestic threats is a significant factor in UAE policy. The UAE\u2019s stance has contributed to a major rift with Qatar, another member of the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within a political process. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to the UAE and Saudi Arabia on the Brotherhood and other issues. In Libya, the UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander based in eastern Libya, Khalifa Hafter, who since April 2019 has sought to capture Tripoli from a U.N.-backed government that derives some support from Muslim Brotherhood factions. \nThe UAE\u2019s tradition of social tolerance has won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The country\u2019s wealth\u2014amplified by the small citizenship population receiving government largesse\u2014has helped the government maintain popular support. Since 2006, the government has held a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2019. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders and, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become less tolerant of political criticism and activism on social media. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to religious freedom by hosting a visit from Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. U.S. foreign assistance to the UAE has been negligible, intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in and price discounts on U.S. programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "5095401b3dfba85f6d8180b499906848a620baeb", "filename": "files/20200303_RS21852_5095401b3dfba85f6d8180b499906848a620baeb.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200303_RS21852_images_ea8049fe3fa6dec015eef79b178f1929d173b7e4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/1.png": "files/20200303_RS21852_images_ba497bbdcbf28e690513c8e589942c1b585c839d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/2.png": "files/20200303_RS21852_images_0a8def783561baca42ad2d16d74a928f102f13f4.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "4b3ecf1d53b6b8f7063ca6359ac2fc645b274698", "filename": "files/20200303_RS21852_4b3ecf1d53b6b8f7063ca6359ac2fc645b274698.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 608609, "date": "2019-11-15", "retrieved": "2019-12-13T15:22:49.847727", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats by hosting U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities and buying sophisticated U.S. military equipment, including missile defenses and combat aircraft. The alliance with the United States is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, is succeeded by his younger brother and de-facto UAE leader Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan. \nWith ample financial resources and a U.S. armed and advised military, the UAE has increasingly asserted itself in the region. On Iran, the UAE has supported the Trump Administration policy of pressuring Iran economically and politically. In part to counter Iran, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in a military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, a campaign aided by some U.S. logistical support but which produced unprecedented criticism of the UAE. In 2019, the criticism, coupled with UAE concerns that U.S.-Iran tensions could embroil the UAE into war with Iran, caused a UAE shift toward more engagement with Iran and a decision to remove most of the UAE\u2019s ground forces from the Yemen conflict. UAE forces continue to support pro-UAE factions in southern Yemen and, alongside U.S. special operations forces, continue to combat Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. The UAE has sought to counteract criticism by expanding its financial donations not only to Yemen, but also to regional and international organizations and economically strapped countries.\nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as regional and domestic threats has driven UAE policy. The UAE\u2019s stance has contributed to a major rift with Qatar, another member of the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within a political process. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states on the Brotherhood and other issues. In Libya, the UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander based in eastern Libya, Khalifa Hafter, who continues an effort, begun in April 2019, to capture Tripoli from a U.N.-backed government that derives some support from Muslim Brotherhood factions. \nThe UAE\u2019s tradition of social tolerance has won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The country\u2019s wealth\u2014amplified by the small citizenship population receiving government largesse\u2014has helped the government maintain popular support. Since 2006, the government has held a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2019. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders and, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become less tolerant of political criticism and activism on social media. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to religious freedom by hosting a visit from Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. U.S. assistance to the UAE has been negligible, intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in and price discounts on U.S. programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "8eced7fdd2bd18a2fc6d9d1f4dad2e326f09a135", "filename": "files/20191115_RS21852_8eced7fdd2bd18a2fc6d9d1f4dad2e326f09a135.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191115_RS21852_images_ea8049fe3fa6dec015eef79b178f1929d173b7e4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/1.png": "files/20191115_RS21852_images_ba497bbdcbf28e690513c8e589942c1b585c839d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/2.png": "files/20191115_RS21852_images_0a8def783561baca42ad2d16d74a928f102f13f4.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "e50e2468f89486c70997d855ae374a1184b8e48a", "filename": "files/20191115_RS21852_e50e2468f89486c70997d855ae374a1184b8e48a.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 607160, "date": "2019-11-01", "retrieved": "2019-11-05T23:14:12.172585", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats by hosting U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities and buying sophisticated U.S. military equipment, including missile defenses and combat aircraft. The alliance with the United States is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, is succeeded by his younger brother and de-facto UAE leader Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan. \nWith ample financial resources and a U.S. armed and advised military, the UAE has increasingly asserted itself in the region. On Iran, the UAE has supported the Trump Administration policy of pressuring Iran economically and politically. In part to counter Iran, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in a military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, a campaign aided by some U.S. logistical support but which produced unprecedented criticism of the UAE. In 2019, the criticism, coupled with UAE concerns that U.S.-Iran tensions could embroil the UAE into war with Iran, caused a UAE shift toward more engagement with Iran and a decision to remove most of the UAE\u2019s ground forces from the Yemen conflict. UAE forces continue to support pro-UAE factions in southern Yemen and, alongside U.S. special operations forces, continue to combat Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. The UAE has sought to counteract criticism by expanding its financial donations not only to Yemen, but also to regional and international organizations and economically strapped countries.\nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as regional and domestic threats has driven UAE policy. The UAE\u2019s stance has contributed to a major rift with Qatar, another member of the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within a political process. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states on the Brotherhood and other issues. In Libya, the UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander based in eastern Libya, Khalifa Hafter, who continues an effort, begun in April 2019, to capture Tripoli from a U.N.-backed government that derives some support from Muslim Brotherhood factions. \nThe UAE\u2019s tradition of social tolerance has won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The country\u2019s wealth\u2014amplified by the small citizenship population receiving government largesse\u2014has helped the government maintain popular support. Since 2006, the government has held a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2019 and a woman is speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders and, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become less tolerant of political criticism and activism on social media. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to religious freedom by hosting a visit from Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. U.S. assistance to the UAE has been negligible, intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in and price discounts on U.S. programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "8042eb908f228c5a263bd7727e35ef1f9c73ed41", "filename": "files/20191101_RS21852_8042eb908f228c5a263bd7727e35ef1f9c73ed41.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191101_RS21852_images_ea8049fe3fa6dec015eef79b178f1929d173b7e4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/1.png": "files/20191101_RS21852_images_ba497bbdcbf28e690513c8e589942c1b585c839d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/2.png": "files/20191101_RS21852_images_0a8def783561baca42ad2d16d74a928f102f13f4.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "40922f1caa29564a3971212497f8b4debe225b27", "filename": "files/20191101_RS21852_40922f1caa29564a3971212497f8b4debe225b27.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 603914, "date": "2019-08-19", "retrieved": "2019-08-22T22:21:03.236402", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats by hosting U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities and buying sophisticated U.S. military equipment, including missile defenses and combat aircraft. The alliance with the United States is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, is succeeded by his younger brother and de-facto UAE leader Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan. \nWith ample financial resources and a military that has long been advised and armed by the United States, the UAE has increasingly asserted itself in the region. The UAE has been part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support but which has produced criticism over the effects of the war on Yemen\u2019s civilians. That criticism has contributed to a July 2019 decision to remove most of the UAE\u2019s ground forces from that conflict. UAE forces continue to support pro-UAE factions in southern Yemen and, alongside U.S. special operations forces, continue to combat Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander based in eastern Libya, Khalifa Hafter, who in April 2019 launched an assault to capture Tripoli from a U.N.-backed government based there. The UAE has sought to counteract criticism by expanding its financial donations not only to Yemen but also to regional and international organizations and economically strapped countries.\nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as regional and domestic threats has driven UAE policy in the region. The UAE\u2019s stance has contributed to a major rift with Qatar, another member of the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within established political processes. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states on the Brotherhood and other issues. On Iran, the UAE has supported the Trump Administration policy of pressuring Iran economically and politically. However, the UAE leadership\u2019s apparent concerns that U.S.-Iran tensions could embroil the UAE into war with Iran have caused an apparent UAE shift toward more engagement with Iran. That shift likely contributed to the UAE decision to scale back its efforts against the Houthis in Yemen, while at the same time illustrating UAE divergence from Saudi policy. \nThe UAE\u2019s tradition of social tolerance has won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. And, the country\u2019s wealth\u2014amplified by the small citizenship population requiring government services\u2014has helped the government maintain popular support. Since 2006, the government has held a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a woman as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability and has suppressed domestic opponents. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to pluralism by hosting a visit by Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. assistance to the UAE has been very small in dollar amounts and intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "66d2dba3debc1a6f3d5d7a43f2be217f754756fb", "filename": "files/20190819_RS21852_66d2dba3debc1a6f3d5d7a43f2be217f754756fb.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190819_RS21852_images_ea8049fe3fa6dec015eef79b178f1929d173b7e4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190819_RS21852_images_ba497bbdcbf28e690513c8e589942c1b585c839d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190819_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "d681249abeeae5438ad1feb497ff1dad9ba0b2ff", "filename": "files/20190819_RS21852_d681249abeeae5438ad1feb497ff1dad9ba0b2ff.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "summary": null, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS21852", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "type": "CRS Report", "formats": [ { "sha1": "b19fc3cd02aaec230df72b3c90f4ee3a18a6460b", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21852/114", "filename": "files/2019-08-16_RS21852_b19fc3cd02aaec230df72b3c90f4ee3a18a6460b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2019-08-16_RS21852_b19fc3cd02aaec230df72b3c90f4ee3a18a6460b.html" } ], "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "retrieved": "2023-10-09T04:03:24.502734", "date": "2019-08-16", "typeId": "RS", "id": "RS21852_114_2019-08-16", "active": true }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 597776, "date": "2019-05-03", "retrieved": "2019-05-03T22:16:28.176168", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats by hosting about 5,000 U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA). The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including sophisticated missile defenses, and it reportedly wants to buy the F-35 combat aircraft. The alliance is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, is succeeded by his younger brother and de-facto UAE leader Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan. \nAdvised and armed by the United States, the UAE military has become sufficiently capable that the country is able to, and is, asserting itself in the region, including militarily. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support but which has produced criticism over the effects of the war on Yemen\u2019s civilians. UAE forces, alongside U.S. special operations forces, also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. UAE forces have built up several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander based in eastern Libya, Khalifa Hafter, who in April 2019 launched an assault to capture Tripoli from a U.N.-backed government based there. The UAE has sought to counteract criticism by expanding its long-standing donations of assistance to regional and international organizations and economically strapped countries.\nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as regional and domestic threats has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries. The UAE\u2019s stance has contributed to a major rift with Qatar, another member of the Gulf Cooperation Council alliance (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within established political processes. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states on the Brotherhood and other issues, including on Iran, where the UAE and the Trump Administration share a policy of strongly pressuring Iran economically and politically. U.S. mediation efforts have failed to resolve the intra-GCC rift, to date. The October 2018 killing by Saudi agents of a U.S.-based Saudi journalist at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul has added to criticism of UAE leaders for their close strategic alliance with Saudi Arabia\u2019s Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a woman as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability and has suppressed domestic opponents. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to pluralism by hosting a visit by Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. assistance to the UAE has been very small in dollar amounts and intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "3cdbdedabda0cf6f96ca2570ede91e38a7ced968", "filename": "files/20190503_RS21852_3cdbdedabda0cf6f96ca2570ede91e38a7ced968.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190503_RS21852_images_ea8049fe3fa6dec015eef79b178f1929d173b7e4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190503_RS21852_images_ba497bbdcbf28e690513c8e589942c1b585c839d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190503_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "ced6cf60ddaf80eeefd8e1bd6af1b8da617ae614", "filename": "files/20190503_RS21852_ced6cf60ddaf80eeefd8e1bd6af1b8da617ae614.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 591385, "date": "2019-02-13", "retrieved": "2019-04-17T14:18:55.483685", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats by hosting about 5,000 U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA). The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including sophisticated missile defenses, and it reportedly wants to buy the F-35 combat aircraft. The alliance is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, inevitably becomes UAE president. \nIts partnership with the United States, the UAE has enhanced its military capabilities to the point where it is increasingly asserting itself in the region, both militarily and politically. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support but which has produced criticism over the effects of the war on Yemen\u2019s civilians. UAE forces, alongside U.S. special operations forces, also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). UAE forces have built up several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a U.N.-backed unified political structure. The UAE has sought to counteract the criticism by expanding its long-standing donations of assistance to regional and international organizations and conflict-ridden or economically strapped countries including Jordan, Yemen, and the U.N. Relief Works Agency (UNRWA).\nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE\u2019s stance differs sharply from that of Qatar, another member of the Gulf state alliance called the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within established political processes. In June 2017, the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states on the Brotherhood and other issues. U.S. mediation efforts have failed to resolve the rift, to date. The October 2018 killing by Saudi agents of a U.S.-based Saudi journalist at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul has added to criticism of UAE leaders for their close strategic alliance with Saudi Arabia\u2019s Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasilegislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a woman as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability and has suppressed domestic opponents. The country sought to showcase its continued commitment to pluralism by hosting a visit by Pope Francis in February 2019.\nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. assistance to the UAE has been very small in dollar amounts and intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "d591d266a3f8368b6bef395d950fc60176ed6c93", "filename": "files/20190213_RS21852_d591d266a3f8368b6bef395d950fc60176ed6c93.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190213_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "de59e981da64a259a321c984de3ee9d39d8e41e0", "filename": "files/20190213_RS21852_de59e981da64a259a321c984de3ee9d39d8e41e0.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 589312, "date": "2018-12-27", "retrieved": "2019-01-03T14:11:56.729657", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security, helping to address multiple regional threats, particularly that posed by Iran. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including sophisticated missile defenses, and it reportedly wants to buy the F-35 combat aircraft. The alliance is expected to continue after UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, inevitably assumes formal power as UAE president. \nIts partnership with the United States has enhanced UAE military capabilities to the point where the UAE is increasingly asserting itself in the region, both militarily and politically. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support but has attracted criticism of the UAE over the effects of the war on Yemen\u2019s civilians. UAE forces, alongside U.S. special operations forces, also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. UAE forces have established and built up several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure. \nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance differs sharply from that of Qatar, another member of the Gulf state alliance called the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman), but which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamists willing to work within established political processes. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. and Kuwaiti mediation efforts have failed to resolve the rift, to date. The October 2018 killing by Saudi agents of a U.S.-based Saudi journalist at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul has added to criticism of UAE leaders for their close strategic alliance with Saudi Arabia\u2019s Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has suppressed domestic opponents. \nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-2018, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. assistance to the UAE has been very small in dollar amounts and intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "d07d53e6e712e2a19ca38f8bc3bf5d4a57cd6033", "filename": "files/20181227_RS21852_d07d53e6e712e2a19ca38f8bc3bf5d4a57cd6033.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181227_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "70873e2cfa27440e2792aa90aeb553e50aaa9acd", "filename": "files/20181227_RS21852_70873e2cfa27440e2792aa90aeb553e50aaa9acd.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 586823, "date": "2018-10-25", "retrieved": "2018-10-26T13:05:15.775932", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, particularly that posed by Iran. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States. \nIts partnership with the United States has enhanced UAE military capabilities to the point where the UAE is increasingly asserting itself in the region, both militarily and politically. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. Alongside U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have used several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure. \nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance differs sharply from that of Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamist organizations willing to work within established political processes. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. mediation efforts have failed to resolve the rift, to date. At the same time, the October 2018 killing of a U.S.-based Saudi journalist in Istanbul by Saudi agents has created a dilemma for UAE leaders who have forged a close strategic alliance with Saudi Arabia\u2019s Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of reduced prices for crude oil during 2014-18, the government has created new ministries tasked with formulating economic and social strategies that, among other objectives, can attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. assistance to the UAE has been very small in dollar amounts and intended mainly to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene; his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been the de facto leader.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "b3f0dd05b3906ca6f700623d7878c822700da9c7", "filename": "files/20181025_RS21852_b3f0dd05b3906ca6f700623d7878c822700da9c7.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181025_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "271d06687960d6db605a359daced5fdc81447a02", "filename": "files/20181025_RS21852_271d06687960d6db605a359daced5fdc81447a02.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584769, "date": "2018-08-21", "retrieved": "2018-10-05T22:42:57.499342", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, particularly that posed by Iran. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States. \nIts partnership with the United States has enhanced UAE military capabilities to the point where the UAE is increasingly asserting itself in the region, both militarily and politically. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. Alongside U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have used several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure. \nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance differs sharply from that of Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamist organizations willing to work within established political processes. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. mediation efforts have failed to resolve the rift, to date. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene; his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been the de facto leader.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "b0c2acb23ea950a6c1732c7a5fe5b3eb884cb037", "filename": "files/20180821_RS21852_b0c2acb23ea950a6c1732c7a5fe5b3eb884cb037.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180821_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "7d281b8657b49cb21087ee50bec38e3fa8d0fe2a", "filename": "files/20180821_RS21852_7d281b8657b49cb21087ee50bec38e3fa8d0fe2a.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 582206, "date": "2018-06-22", "retrieved": "2018-06-25T13:08:26.562670", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States, demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network. \nAs the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly asserted itself in the region. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces also are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have used several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure. \nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance differs sharply from that of Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamist organizations willing to work within established political processes. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. mediation efforts have failed to resolve the rift, to date. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene; his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been the de facto leader.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "4a7482c04ab8bb37c398f4bfba14413c82e325f6", "filename": "files/20180622_RS21852_4a7482c04ab8bb37c398f4bfba14413c82e325f6.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180622_RS21852_images_0182a1ada3cff19d5ab6b1ce7fae300d703be659.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "17780991a30e8063808914d0da47b6aec9c25766", "filename": "files/20180622_RS21852_17780991a30e8063808914d0da47b6aec9c25766.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 579977, "date": "2018-04-10", "retrieved": "2018-04-11T22:07:27.695740", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment and it was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network. \nAs the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly asserted itself in the region. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces are combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting a rebel military commander in Libya who is acting counter to U.N. and U.S. efforts to forge a unified political structure there. \nThe UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat\u2014a position shared by Saudi Arabia\u2014has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance has also stoked major tensions with Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups as Islamist organizations willing to work within established political processes. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia in isolating Qatar until it adopts policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. officials have sought to resolve the dispute, thus far unsuccessfully. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene; his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been the de facto leader.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "d8f95aba06e1b51e19a5321b97a64e371aef614a", "filename": "files/20180410_RS21852_d8f95aba06e1b51e19a5321b97a64e371aef614a.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "135bfb3ff9fd6aaa9e0a4369bdb4e443289b2059", "filename": "files/20180410_RS21852_135bfb3ff9fd6aaa9e0a4369bdb4e443289b2059.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 577832, "date": "2018-01-25", "retrieved": "2018-01-26T14:21:23.253676", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, and benefitting from long-standing and extensive defense cooperation with the United States. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly acted assertively in the region, particularly in concert with Saudi Arabia. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen\u2014an effort to which the United States provides limited logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s operations in Yemen. On the other hand, the UAE is supporting a rebel military commander in Libya who is acting counter to U.N. and U.S. efforts to forge a unified, post-Qadhafi political structure there. \nThe UAE\u2019s strident opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat\u2014a position shared by Saudi Arabia\u2014has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance has also stoked major tensions with Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia, as well as Bahrain, in a move to isolate Qatar until it adopts regional policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. officials have sought to resolve the dispute, thus far unsuccessfully, by trying to persuade Saudi Arabia and the UAE to compromise with Qatar. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan, who suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, leaves the scene; his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been the de facto leader.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "4396a88c9980006403a94f7d9d9eaed634bc1734", "filename": "files/20180125_RS21852_4396a88c9980006403a94f7d9d9eaed634bc1734.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180125_RS21852_images_e982bf6368f396fcde8c393b73b363e81b144562.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "80f5adf48c52d0f01ee2c94ee2a2d8ad42840a5c", "filename": "files/20180125_RS21852_80f5adf48c52d0f01ee2c94ee2a2d8ad42840a5c.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 575124, "date": "2017-11-02", "retrieved": "2017-11-09T14:13:16.255244", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, and benefitting from long-standing and extensive defense cooperation with the United States. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs the UAE has gained capability to project force, it has increasingly done so in the region, including in some cases acting independently or in concert with a few Arab allies. The UAE is militarily participating in a Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen\u2014an effort to which the United States has provided only limited logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s operations in Yemen. On the other hand, the UAE is supporting a rebel military commander in Libya who is acting counter to U.N. and U.S. efforts to forge a unified, post-Qadhafi political structure there. \nThe UAE\u2019s strident opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat\u2014a position shared by several other GCC states\u2014has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance has also stoked tensions with Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups. These differences erupted in June 2017, when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia, as well as Bahrain, in a move to isolate Qatar until it adopts regional policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. officials have sought to resolve the dispute, thus far unsuccessfully, by trying to persuade Saudi Arabia and the UAE to compromise with Qatar. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was held in October 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been de facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "ca881a3284292b25a50f07995302fc0e6b1ae342", "filename": "files/20171102_RS21852_ca881a3284292b25a50f07995302fc0e6b1ae342.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171102_RS21852_images_5066bd990e313b0b9e8c7eace9c05b74f0ee4688.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "4c06575eb01bf20479227fde1b073798b45c05a2", "filename": "files/20171102_RS21852_4c06575eb01bf20479227fde1b073798b45c05a2.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463409, "date": "2017-08-18", "retrieved": "2017-08-21T14:16:14.617609", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, and benefitting from longstanding and extensive defense cooperation with the United States. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nHowever, as the UAE has become increasingly capable of projecting force, it has in some cases acting independently or in concert with several Arab allies. The UAE is militarily participating in a Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen \u2013 an effort to which the United States has provided only limited logistical support. In partnership with U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s operations in Yemen. On the other hand, the UAE is supporting a rebel military commander in Libya who is acting counter to U.N. and U.S. efforts to forge a unified, post-Qadhafi political structure there. \nThe UAE\u2019s strident opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations as a regional and domestic threat\u2014a position shared by several other GCC states\u2014has driven UAE policy toward Egypt, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and other countries where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate. The UAE stance has also stoked tensions with Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups. These differences erupted in June 2017 when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia, as well as Bahrain, in a move to isolate Qatar until it adopts regional policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. officials have sought to resolve the dispute by trying to persuade Saudi Arabia and the UAE to compromise with Qatar. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. The UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders. And, since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. \nIn part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been de facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "ba313b63bcdfe4d2a9c1e5e154d94f0c9a3ebec4", "filename": "files/20170818_RS21852_ba313b63bcdfe4d2a9c1e5e154d94f0c9a3ebec4.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21852_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170818_RS21852_images_5066bd990e313b0b9e8c7eace9c05b74f0ee4688.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "cc5de5c18bab1d915e8672bff2f124e2307c53bf", "filename": "files/20170818_RS21852_cc5de5c18bab1d915e8672bff2f124e2307c53bf.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462284, "date": "2017-06-28", "retrieved": "2017-07-17T16:38:56.772615", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats. As the UAE has become increasingly capable of projecting force, it has in some cases acting independently or in concert primarily with other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s ability to act in the region has benefitted from extensive defense cooperation with the United States. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs examples of its growing willingness and ability to project power, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, and its forces, in partnership with U.S. special operations forces, are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate there. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s regional operations. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations, a position shared by several other GCC states, has driven UAE interventions and policy toward Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate, and stoked tensions with Qatar, which supports Brotherhood-related groups. These differences erupted in June 2017 when the UAE joined Saudi Arabia, as well as Bahrain, in a move to isolate Qatar until it adopts regional policies closer to those of the three GCC states. U.S. officials have sought to resolve the dispute by trying to persuade Saudi Arabia and the UAE to compromise with Qatar. \nThe UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have generally won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. Very few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been de facto leader since. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasilegislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders.\nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services, and the wealth has helped the government maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and it has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamist opposition. In part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "1a0e9f47e5a4e8581c00a89d95b3caa49600c0e0", "filename": "files/20170628_RS21852_1a0e9f47e5a4e8581c00a89d95b3caa49600c0e0.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "5fe204d617ded051867f8a32d5a1bda71c5a3433", "filename": "files/20170628_RS21852_5fe204d617ded051867f8a32d5a1bda71c5a3433.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 460827, "date": "2017-04-28", "retrieved": "2017-05-09T15:01:23.681100", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. As the UAE has become increasingly capable of projecting force, it has in some cases acting independently or in concert primarily with its allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s ability to act in the region has benefitted from extensive defense cooperation with the United States. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs examples of its growing willingness and ability to project power, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen and its forces, in partnership with U.S. special operations forces, are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate there. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s regional operations. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations, a position shared by several other GCC states, has driven UAE interventions and policy toward Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate, and stoked tensions with Qatar. \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. Very few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Muhammad bin Zayid, has been de-facto leader since. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who rely on traditional consensus-building.\nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services. The government has used its wealth to try to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small secular and Islamists opposition. In part to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government has created new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and to try to attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "68eae48424d2674b78a9f0bd8853789ed94abe13", "filename": "files/20170428_RS21852_68eae48424d2674b78a9f0bd8853789ed94abe13.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "1033dfd4301468ee4e20ccb681b65cfb235474d1", "filename": "files/20170428_RS21852_1033dfd4301468ee4e20ccb681b65cfb235474d1.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459244, "date": "2017-02-28", "retrieved": "2017-03-09T17:50:30.603867", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. As the UAE has become increasingly capable of projecting force, it has in some cases acting independently or in concert primarily with its allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s ability to act in the region has benefitted from extensive U.S.-UAE defense cooperation. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs examples of its growing willingness and ability to project power, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen and its forces, in partnership with U.S. special operations forces, are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate there. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s regional operations. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations, a position shared by several other GCC states, has driven UAE interventions and policy toward Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, where Brotherhood-linked organizations operate, and stoked tensions with Qatar \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who rely on traditional consensus-building. \nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world, in part because of the small population that requires services. The government has used its wealth to try to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small opposition consisting of both Islamist and secular dissenters. As part of an effort to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government instituted a major cabinet reshuffle in February 2016, creating new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Mohammad bin Zayid, has been de-facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "05a2dbcf6ff2e77ff768440a8629d38fb6d0a7d8", "filename": "files/20170228_RS21852_05a2dbcf6ff2e77ff768440a8629d38fb6d0a7d8.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "9d1e198087f970c6adcf8708c06b1f9eb4bbacde", "filename": "files/20170228_RS21852_9d1e198087f970c6adcf8708c06b1f9eb4bbacde.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 457215, "date": "2016-11-28", "retrieved": "2016-11-29T15:11:47.617267", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. As the UAE becomes increasingly capable of projecting force and uncertain of the U.S. commitment to regional security, the UAE is in some cases acting independently or in concert with the United States but rather with some allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). \nThe UAE\u2019s ability to act in the region has benefitted from extensive U.S.-UAE defense cooperation. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs examples of its growing willingness and ability to project power, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen and its forces, in partnership with U.S. special operations forces, are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate there. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In recent years, UAE forces have been deployed to several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate the UAE\u2019s regional operations. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations, a position shared by several other GCC states, has caused tensions with Qatar, which has supported Brotherhood-linked organizations in Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories. \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who rely on traditional consensus-building. \nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world because of the ratio between its government revenues and small population requiring services. The government has been able to use that wealth to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small opposition consisting of both Islamist and secular dissenters. As part of an effort to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government instituted a major cabinet reshuffle in February 2016, creating new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered an incapacitating stroke in January 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Mohammad bin Zayid, has been de-facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "3bbd02f4575404b53667c65c1509de592396d286", "filename": "files/20161128_RS21852_3bbd02f4575404b53667c65c1509de592396d286.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "a6503239ef1f694efae205dc59a4d74552f3c2c4", "filename": "files/20161128_RS21852_a6503239ef1f694efae205dc59a4d74552f3c2c4.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 455113, "date": "2016-08-16", "retrieved": "2016-09-09T18:40:33.424940", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. However, UAE regional policy is becoming increasingly assertive, in some cases not necessarily acting in concert with the United States but rather with some allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s assertiveness might reflect doubts about the U.S. security commitment to the GCC states after the United States negotiated the July 2015 comprehensive nuclear deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA) with Iran. \nAbout 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect by mutual agreement. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated missile defense network against Iran. The training and delivery process for that system began in late 2015. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nAs examples of its growing willingness to use its own forces to try to achieve regional objectives, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen and its forces, in partnership with U.S. special operations forces, are also combatting Al Qaeda\u2019s affiliate there. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations, a position shared by several other GCC states, has caused tensions with Qatar, which has supported Brotherhood-linked organizations in Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories. \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who rely on traditional consensus-building. \nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world because of the ratio between its government revenues and small population requiring services. The government has been able to use that wealth to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small opposition consisting of both Islamist and secular dissenters. As part of an effort to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government instituted a major cabinet reshuffle in February 2016, creating new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered a stroke on January 24, 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Mohammad bin Zayid, has been de-facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "73f048e22c5feeb640412aff7595c8b8c34a641f", "filename": "files/20160816_RS21852_73f048e22c5feeb640412aff7595c8b8c34a641f.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "96460447491b87bafc5010912a59b8298b31ac5a", "filename": "files/20160816_RS21852_96460447491b87bafc5010912a59b8298b31ac5a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453410, "date": "2016-06-08", "retrieved": "2016-06-21T21:06:18.411819", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. However, UAE regional policy is becoming increasingly assertive, in some cases not necessarily acting in concert with the United States but rather with some allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s assertiveness might reflect doubts about the U.S. security commitment to the GCC states after the United States negotiated the July 2015 comprehensive nuclear deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA) with Iran. \nAs examples of its growing willingness to use its own military forces to try to achieve regional objectives, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time financially supporting Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. The UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations has caused tensions within the GCC, most of whose members oppose Brotherhood linked organizations in such regional conflict areas as Egypt, Libya, Syria, and the Palestinian territories. \nAbout 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA), the provisions of which have remained in effect. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated regional missile defense network against Iran. The training and delivery process for that system began in late 2015. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. In 2006, the government established a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and resulted in the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who still tend to rely on traditional methods of consensus-building. \nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world because of the ratio between its government revenues and small population requiring services. The government has been able to use that wealth to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small opposition consisting of both Islamist and secular dissenters. As part of an effort to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government instituted a major cabinet reshuffle in February 2016, creating new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. At times when the UAE has received U.S. assistance, the aid\u2014which has been in very small dollar amounts\u2014has generally been provided to qualify the UAE for inclusion in training and other programs that benefit UAE security. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. He suffered a stroke on January 24, 2014, and his younger brother, Shaykh Mohammad bin Zayid, has been de-facto leader since.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21852", "sha1": "f0340211624a909c3bf7173853bd292026591a0b", "filename": "files/20160608_RS21852_f0340211624a909c3bf7173853bd292026591a0b.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21852", "sha1": "43f57baffde69c12c80a0f0a6edc04289c2914e7", "filename": "files/20160608_RS21852_43f57baffde69c12c80a0f0a6edc04289c2914e7.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450253, "date": "2016-02-26", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T16:59:51.883049", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, and the alliance has expanded in recent years to address multiple regional threats. Under a 1994 U.S.-UAE defense cooperation agreement (DCA), about 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities. The UAE was the first Gulf state to order the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States (the THAAD), demonstrating support for U.S. efforts to forge a coordinated regional missile defense network against Iran. The UAE also hosts other Western forces, including those of France. \nHowever, UAE regional policy is becoming increasingly assertive, in some cases not necessarily acting in concert with the United States but rather with some allies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman). The UAE\u2019s assertiveness might reflect doubts that the United States will maintain its commitment to the GCC states and their interests after the United States negotiated the July 2015 comprehensive nuclear deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA) with Iran. \nAs examples of its growing willingness to use its own military forces to try to achieve regional objectives, the UAE is militarily participating in the Saudi-led effort to counter the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen. It is also participating in the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State in Syria, while at the same time supporting moderate Syrian rebel groups in an attempt to oust President Bashar Al Assad. In 2011, the UAE joined the Saudi-led GCC intervention to help Bahrain suppress a major uprising by its Shiite majority, and the UAE joined U.S.-led airstrikes that helped oust Muammar Qadhafi of Libya. Since 2003, the UAE has maintained over 200 troops in Afghanistan and participated in close air support missions there. On the other hand, the UAE\u2019s opposition to Muslim Brotherhood-linked regional organizations has caused tensions with Qatar, which supports such organizations. The UAE-Qatar differences have manifested as support for rival or competing sides in Egypt, Libya, and Syria. \nPrior to the 2011 \u201cArab spring\u201d uprisings, the UAE\u2019s relatively open borders and economy have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East. Since 2006, the government has established channels for formal popular participation through a limited voting process for half of the 40 seats in its quasi-legislative body, the Federal National Council (FNC). The most recent such vote was completed on October 3, 2015, and produced the selection of a female as speaker of the FNC. However, the country remains under the control of a small circle of leaders who allow citizen participation primarily through traditional methods of consensus-building. \nThe UAE is considered among the wealthiest countries in the world because of the ratio between its government revenues and small population requiring services. The government has been able to use that wealth to maintain popular support. Since the Arab Spring uprisings, the government apparently has become more wary of the potential for regional conflicts to affect domestic stability, and the government has sought to suppress the relatively small opposition consisting of both Islamist and secular dissenters. And, as part of an effort to cope with the effects of the significant fall in oil prices since mid-2014, the government instituted a major cabinet reshuffle in February 2016, creating new ministries mandated to formulate future economic and social strategies and attract the support of the country\u2019s youth. Any U.S. aid the UAE has received has been very small amounts, and none since FY2011. \nVery few policy changes are anticipated when UAE President Shaykh Khalifa bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan leaves the scene. 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It also provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, as well as the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the city of Dubai in particular.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110310_RS21852_ffac9eda0c7cd3d0b0b2d0aed384aea496306b49.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110310_RS21852_ffac9eda0c7cd3d0b0b2d0aed384aea496306b49.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government - United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Export controls", "name": "Export controls" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business cycles", "name": "Business cycles" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic policy", "name": "Economic policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491139/", "id": "RS21852_2010Dec07", "date": "2010-12-07", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report describes the open economy and society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well as U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology due to said open economy and the UAE's lax export controls. This report describes these issues in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement. It also provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, as well as the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the city of Dubai in particular.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101207_RS21852_23ab09a31d671b9b556e7a77e61805851ef1cdff.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101207_RS21852_23ab09a31d671b9b556e7a77e61805851ef1cdff.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501653/", "id": "RS21852_2010Jun23", "date": "2010-06-23", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report describes the open economy and society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well as U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology due to said open economy and the UAE's lax export controls. This report describes these issues in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement. 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This report describes these issues in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement. It also provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, as well as the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the city of Dubai in particular.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100122_RS21852_04c144a74998ae1daded35a33d90f5953d02ef39.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100122_RS21852_04c144a74998ae1daded35a33d90f5953d02ef39.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26321/", "id": "RS21852_2009Apr20", "date": "2009-04-20", "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report describes the open economy and society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well as U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology due to said open economy and the UAE's lax export controls. This report describes these issues in relation to a recently-signed U.S.-UAE civilian nuclear agreement. It also provides a general description of the UAE's government and political structure, as well as the effects of the recent global economic downturn on the UAE in general and on the city of Dubai in particular.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090420_RS21852_361bc4194ca966a60bc39c60812f7fb6401ff6b7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090420_RS21852_361bc4194ca966a60bc39c60812f7fb6401ff6b7.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government - United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Export controls", "name": "Export controls" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic policy", "name": "Economic policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business cycles", "name": "Business cycles" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821413/", "id": "RS21852_2008Dec08", "date": "2008-12-08", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report examines the political and economic landscape of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE\u2019s open economy and society have won praise, but lax export controls, particularly in the emirate of Dubai, are causing U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology; terrorist transiting; and human trafficking. The UAE undertook its first major electoral process in December 2006, although with a small, hand-picked electorate and for a body with limited powers.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081208_RS21852_499772b02076c9fb4dd302abc18bd851a2b4aa63.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081208_RS21852_499772b02076c9fb4dd302abc18bd851a2b4aa63.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10606/", "id": "RS21852_2008Jul31", "date": "2008-07-31", "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:31:36", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates' open economy and society have won praise, but lax enforcement of some laws is causing U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology to Iran; terrorist transiting; and human trafficking, particularly in the emirate of Dubai. The UAE undertook its first major electoral process in December 2006, although with a small, hand-picked electorate and for a body with limited powers.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080731_RS21852_e2c495d2a3899d7c570ee130b8e25ae9e7b5bf44.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080731_RS21852_e2c495d2a3899d7c570ee130b8e25ae9e7b5bf44.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - United Arab Emirates - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - United Arab Emirates - U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc809012/", "id": "RS21852_2007Oct11", "date": "2007-10-11", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20071011_RS21852_da5879ca8a151b318508c5ec9508c47090613530.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20071011_RS21852_da5879ca8a151b318508c5ec9508c47090613530.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820213/", "id": "RS21852_2007May01", "date": "2007-05-01", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070501_RS21852_555574dd2accb9b7e117f4eb1b4f38b7253aa6e0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070501_RS21852_555574dd2accb9b7e117f4eb1b4f38b7253aa6e0.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8935/", "id": "RS21852 2006-03-09", "date": "2006-03-09", "retrieved": "2006-07-03T14:18:03", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060309_RS21852_20892808c9a5942d6b25e7d67b305e7dd2ac73ba.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060309_RS21852_20892808c9a5942d6b25e7d67b305e7dd2ac73ba.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - United Arab Emirates (UAE) - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - United Arab Emirates (UAE) - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - United Arab Emirates (UAE)", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - United Arab Emirates (UAE)" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817461/", "id": "RS21852_2005May09", "date": "2005-05-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050509_RS21852_e18b07b30d50abb49c02525eb3e4189f39d8b2a2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050509_RS21852_e18b07b30d50abb49c02525eb3e4189f39d8b2a2.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821408/", "id": "RS21852_2004Nov29", "date": "2004-11-29", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report discusses the political state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which under new leadership upon the November 2, 2004 death of its president, Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan al-Nuhayyan, has undergone a smooth transition, but it remains weak militarily and surrounded by several powerful and ambitious neighbors. Political reform has been minimal, but its relatively open economy and borders, particularly in the emirate of Dubai, have caused problems in proliferation, terrorism, and human trafficking. The United States has announced it will open negotiations with UAE on a free trade agreement (FTA).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20041129_RS21852_18ea1b37ce9d3c69a9bd223f26529c4198f14708.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20041129_RS21852_18ea1b37ce9d3c69a9bd223f26529c4198f14708.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- United Arab Emirates -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Politics and government -- United Arab Emirates" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates", "name": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- United Arab Emirates" } ] } ], "topics": [ "African Affairs", "American Law", "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "Middle Eastern Affairs", "National Defense" ] }