{
  "id": "RS21311",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 103115,
      "date": "2003-04-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:48:34.832544",
      "title": "U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force",
      "summary": "This report reviews the historical record regarding the uses of U.S. military force in a\n\"preemptive\"\nmanner, an issue that emerged during public debates prior to the use of U.S. military force against\nIraq in 2003. It examines and comments on military actions taken by the United States that could\nbe reasonably interpreted as preemptive in nature. For purposes of this analysis a preemptive use\nof military force is considered to be the taking of military action by the United States against another\nnation so as to prevent or mitigate a presumed imminent  military  attack or use of force\nby that nation\nagainst the United States. The deployment of U.S. military forces in support of U.S. foreign policy,\nwithout their engaging in combat, is  not  deemed to be a preemptive use of military force. \nThis\nreview includes all noteworthy uses of military force by the United States since the establishment\nof the Republic. A listing of such instances can be found in  CRS Report RL32170 ,  Instances\nof Use\nof United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2003. For  an analysis of international law and\npreemptive force see  CRS Report RS21314 ,  International Law and the Preemptive Use of\nForce\nAgainst Iraq . This report will be updated if significant events warrant.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs4326/",
      "id": "RS21311 2003-01-27",
      "date": "2003-01-27",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T05:20:45",
      "title": "U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Military operations - History",
          "name": "Military operations - History"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2545/",
      "id": "RS21311 2002-09-18",
      "date": "2002-09-18",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T05:20:38",
      "title": "U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Military operations - History",
          "name": "Military operations - History"
        }
      ]
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  "topics": []
}