{
  "id": "RS20584",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RS20584",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100965,
      "date": "2000-05-22",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:36:45.346941",
      "title": "United States v. Morrison: The Supreme Court Declares 42 U.S.C. Section 13981 Unconstitutional",
      "summary": "In  United States v. Morrison , the Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of\n42 U.S.C.\nSection 13981, which provided a federal civil cause of action to any victim of gender-motivated\nviolence. Analyzing Section 13981 according to the framework delineated in  United States v.\nLopez ,\nthe Court held that gender motivated violence is not a commercial activity and is not substantially\nconnected to interstate commerce, rendering the statute invalid under the Commerce Clause. The\nCourt further determined that, since it targeted private actors, Section 13981 was outside the scope\nof the Fourteenth Amendment.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20584",
          "sha1": "9850a547a848bdeb682b0162f18ed7569cbe5980",
          "filename": "files/20000522_RS20584_9850a547a848bdeb682b0162f18ed7569cbe5980.pdf",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20000522_RS20584_9850a547a848bdeb682b0162f18ed7569cbe5980.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Constitutional Questions"
  ]
}