{ "id": "RS20348", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RS", "number": "RS20348", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS20348", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "date": "2023-09-07", "typeId": "RS", "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/2023-09-07_RS20348_f47925810c2802bb30ae2208f459c664e37d1cc2.pdf", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20348/44", "sha1": "f47925810c2802bb30ae2208f459c664e37d1cc2" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-09-07_RS20348_f47925810c2802bb30ae2208f459c664e37d1cc2.html" } ], "type": "CRS Report", "summary": null, "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "retrieved": "2023-10-11T04:03:47.019591", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "id": "RS20348_44_2023-09-07" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 590706, "date": "2019-02-04", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T20:03:13.876683", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 1341-1342, 1511-1519) generally bars the obligation of funds in the absence of appropriations. Exceptions are made under the act, including for activities involving \u201cthe safety of human life or the protection of property.\u201d The interval during the fiscal year when appropriations for a particular project or activity are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), is referred to as a funding gap or funding lapse. Although funding gaps may occur at the start of the fiscal year, they may also occur any time a CR expires and another CR (or the regular appropriations bill) is not enacted immediately thereafter. Multiple funding gaps may occur within a fiscal year.\nWhen a funding gap occurs, federal agencies are generally required to begin a shutdown of the affected projects and activities, which includes the prompt furlough of non-excepted personnel. The general practice of the federal government after the shutdown has ended has been to retroactively pay furloughed employees for the time they missed, as well as employees who were required to come to work.\nAlthough a shutdown may be the result of a funding gap, the two events should be distinguished. This is because a funding gap may result in a total shutdown of all affected projects or activities in some instances but not others. For example, when funding gaps are of a short duration, agencies may not have enough time to complete a shutdown of affected projects and activities before funding is restored. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has previously indicated that a shutdown of agency operations within the first day of the funding gap may be postponed if a resolution appears to be imminent.\nSince FY1977, 20 funding gaps occurred, ranging in duration from 1 day to 34 full days. These funding gaps are listed in Table 1. About half of these funding gaps were brief (i.e., three days or less in duration). Notably, many of the funding gaps do not appear to have resulted in a \u201cshutdown.\u201d Prior to the issuance of the opinions in 1980 and early 1981 by then-Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti, while agencies tended to curtail some operations in response to a funding gap, they often \u201ccontinued to operate during periods of expired funding.\u201d In addition, some of the funding gaps after the Civiletti opinions did not result in a completion of shutdown operations due to both the funding gap\u2019s short duration and an expectation that appropriations would soon be enacted. Some of the funding gaps during this period, however, did have a broader impact on affected government operations, even if only for a matter of hours. \nTwo funding gaps occurred in FY1996, amounting to 5 days and 21 days. The chronology of regular and continuing appropriations enacted during FY1996 is illustrated in Figure 1.\nAt the beginning of FY2014 (October 1, 2013), none of the regular appropriations bills had been enacted, so a government-wide funding gap occurred. It concluded on October 17, 2013, after lasting 16 full days.\nDuring FY2018, there was a funding gap when a CR covering all of the regular appropriations bills expired on January 19, 2018. It concluded on January 22, 2018, after lasting two full days.\nThe most recent funding gap occurred during FY2019, when a CR covering federal agencies and activities funded in 7 of the 12 regular appropriations bills expired on December 21, 2018. It concluded on January 25, 2019, after lasting 34 full days.\nFor a general discussion of federal government shutdowns, see CRS Report RL34680, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects, coordinated by Clinton T. Brass.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20348", "sha1": "7be9fa2e2488a66af5bf0e9dc42ad9b101aa032f", "filename": "files/20190204_RS20348_7be9fa2e2488a66af5bf0e9dc42ad9b101aa032f.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS20348_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190204_RS20348_images_61ff091c0be3ab1fd15677b5bf961b43bf3da564.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20348", "sha1": "2affd7f75242bd6c24ef8ca0393081c35a083899", "filename": "files/20190204_RS20348_2affd7f75242bd6c24ef8ca0393081c35a083899.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4900, "name": "Budget & Appropriations Procedure" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 579593, "date": "2018-03-26", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T10:57:03.514597", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 1341-1342, 1511-1519) generally bars the obligation of funds in the absence of appropriations. Exceptions are made under the act, including for activities involving \u201cthe safety of human life or the protection of property.\u201d The interval during the fiscal year when appropriations for a particular project or activity are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), is referred to as a funding gap. Although funding gaps may occur at the start of the fiscal year, they may also occur any time a CR expires and another CR (or the regular appropriations bill) is not enacted immediately thereafter. Multiple funding gaps may occur within a fiscal year.\nWhen a funding gap occurs, federal agencies are generally required to begin a shutdown of the affected projects and activities, which includes the prompt furlough of non-excepted personnel. The general practice of the federal government after the shutdown has ended has been to retroactively pay furloughed employees for the time they missed, as well as employees who were required to come to work.\nAlthough a shutdown may be the result of a funding gap, the two events should be distinguished. This is because a funding gap may result in a total shutdown of all affected projects or activities in some instances but not others. For example, when funding gaps are of a short duration, agencies may not have enough time to complete a shutdown of affected projects and activities before funding is restored. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has previously indicated that a shutdown of agency operations within the first day of the funding gap may be postponed if a resolution appears to be imminent.\nSince FY1977, 19 funding gaps occurred, ranging in duration from 1 day to 21 full days. These funding gaps are listed in Table 1. About half of these funding gaps were brief (i.e., three days or less in duration). Notably, many of the funding gaps that occurred during this period do not appear to have resulted in a \u201cshutdown.\u201d Prior to the issuance of the opinions in 1980 and early 1981 by then-Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti, while agencies tended to curtail some operations in response to a funding gap, they often \u201ccontinued to operate during periods of expired funding.\u201d In addition, some of the funding gaps after the Civiletti opinions did not result in a completion of shutdown operations due to both the funding gap\u2019s short duration and an expectation that appropriations would soon be enacted. Some of the funding gaps during this period, however, did have a broader impact on affected government operations, even if only for a matter of hours. \nTwo of the most recent funding gaps occurred in FY1996, amounting to 5 days and 21 days. The chronology of regular and continuing appropriations enacted during FY1996 is illustrated in Figure 1.\nAt the beginning of FY2014 (October 1, 2013), none of the regular appropriations bills had been enacted, so a government-wide funding gap occurred. It concluded on October 17, 2013, after lasting 16 days.\nThe most recent funding gap occurred during FY2018, when a CR covering all of the regular appropriations bills expired on January 19, 2018. It concluded on January 22, 2018, after lasting two days.\nFor a general discussion of federal government shutdowns, see CRS Report RL34680, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects, coordinated by Clinton T. Brass.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20348", "sha1": "ac097e0eac77ee9c58a555c0fedd86dc5a8c89de", "filename": "files/20180326_RS20348_ac097e0eac77ee9c58a555c0fedd86dc5a8c89de.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS20348_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180326_RS20348_images_61ff091c0be3ab1fd15677b5bf961b43bf3da564.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20348", "sha1": "1efd3fc7c00074956257c08036d04c16c02ca2a1", "filename": "files/20180326_RS20348_1efd3fc7c00074956257c08036d04c16c02ca2a1.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4900, "name": "Budget & Appropriations Procedure" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 465376, "date": "2017-09-13", "retrieved": "2017-10-02T22:27:22.425753", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 1341-1342, 1511-1519) generally bars the obligation of funds in the absence of appropriations. Exceptions are made under the act, including for activities involving \u201cthe safety of human life or the protection of property.\u201d The interval during the fiscal year when appropriations for a particular project or activity are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), is referred to as a funding gap. Although funding gaps may occur at the start of the fiscal year, they may also occur any time a CR expires and another CR (or the regular appropriations bill) is not enacted immediately thereafter. Multiple funding gaps may occur within a fiscal year.\nWhen a funding gap occurs, federal agencies are generally required to begin a shutdown of the affected projects and activities, which includes the prompt furlough of non-excepted personnel. The general practice of the federal government after the shutdown has ended has been to retroactively pay furloughed employees for the time they missed, as well as employees who were required to come to work.\nAlthough a shutdown may be the result of a funding gap, the two events should be distinguished. This is because a funding gap may result in a total shutdown of all affected projects or activities in some instances but not others. For example, when funding gaps are of a short duration, agencies may not have enough time to complete a shutdown of affected projects and activities before funding is restored. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has previously indicated that a shutdown of agency operations within the first day of the funding gap may be postponed if a resolution appears to be imminent.\nSince FY1977, 18 funding gaps occurred, ranging in duration from one day to 21 full days. These funding gaps are listed in Table 1. About half of these funding gaps were brief (i.e., three days or less in duration). Notably, many of the funding gaps that occurred during this period do not appear to have resulted in a \u201cshutdown.\u201d Prior to the issuance of the opinions in 1980 and early 1981 by then Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti, while agencies tended to curtail some operations in response to a funding gap, they often \u201ccontinued to operate during periods of expired funding.\u201d In addition, some of the funding gaps after the Civiletti opinions did not result in a completion of shutdown operations due to both the funding gap\u2019s short duration and an expectation that appropriations would soon be enacted. Some of the funding gaps during this period, however, did have a broader impact on affected government operations, even if only for a matter of hours. \nTwo of the three most recent funding gaps occurred in FY1996, which amounted to five days and 21 days. The chronology of regular and continuing appropriations enacted during FY1996 is illustrated in Figure 1.\nThe most recent funding gap commenced at the beginning of FY2014, on October 1, 2013, and concluded on October 17, 2013, for a total of 16 days. \nFor a general discussion of federal government shutdowns, see CRS Report RL34680, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects, coordinated by Clinton T. Brass.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20348", "sha1": "d5534bde2b5e82558ef16f76534676b0f42cc8f2", "filename": "files/20170913_RS20348_d5534bde2b5e82558ef16f76534676b0f42cc8f2.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS20348_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170913_RS20348_images_61ff091c0be3ab1fd15677b5bf961b43bf3da564.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20348", "sha1": "f94e8f0f592b425a26aa7af2c8489d1ab5d1ded6", "filename": "files/20170913_RS20348_f94e8f0f592b425a26aa7af2c8489d1ab5d1ded6.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4900, "name": "Budget & Appropriations Procedure" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 436380, "date": "2013-10-29", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T20:53:35.727294", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 1341-1342, 1511-1519) generally bars the obligation of funds in the absence of appropriations. Exceptions are made under the act, including for activities involving \u201cthe safety of human life or the protection of property.\u201d The interval during the fiscal year when appropriations for a particular project or activity are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), is referred to as a funding gap. Although funding gaps may occur at the start of the fiscal year, they also may occur any time a CR expires and another CR (or the regular appropriations bill) is not enacted immediately thereafter. Multiple funding gaps may occur within a fiscal year.\nWhen a funding gap occurs, federal agencies are generally required to begin a shutdown of the affected projects and activities, which includes the prompt furlough of non-excepted personnel. The general practice of the federal government after the shutdown has ended has been to retroactively pay furloughed employees for the time they missed, as well as employees who were required to come to work.\nAlthough a shutdown may be the result of a funding gap, the two events should be distinguished. This is because a funding gap may result in a total shutdown of all affected projects or activities in some instances, but not others. For example, when funding gaps are of a short duration, agencies may not have enough time to complete a shutdown of affected projects and activities before funding is restored. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has previously indicated that a shutdown of agency operations within the first day of the funding gap may be postponed if a resolution appears to be imminent.\nSince FY1977, 18 funding gaps occurred, ranging in duration from one day to 21 full days. These funding gaps are listed in Table 1. About half of these funding gaps were brief (i.e., three days or less in duration). Notably, many of the funding gaps that occurred during this period do not appear to have resulted in a \u201cshutdown.\u201d Prior to the issuance of the opinions in1980 and early 1981 by then-Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti, while agencies tended to curtail some operations in response to a funding gap, they often \u201ccontinued to operate during periods of expired funding.\u201d In addition, some of the funding gaps after the Civiletti opinions did not result in a completion of shutdown operations, due to both the funding gap\u2019s short duration and an expectation that appropriations would soon be enacted. Some of the funding gaps during this period, however, did have a broader impact on affected government operations, even if only for a matter of hours. \nTwo of the three most recent funding gaps occurred in FY1996, which amounted to five days and 21 days. The chronology of regular and continuing appropriations enacted during FY1996 is illustrated in Figure 1.\nThe most recent funding gap commenced at the beginning of FY2014, on October 1, 2013, and concluded on October 17, 2013, for a total of 16 days. For CRS resources related to the FY2014 funding gap, see CRS Report R43250, CRS Resources on the FY2014 Funding Gap, Shutdown, and Status of Appropriations, by Justin Murray. \nFor a general discussion of federal government shutdowns, see CRS Report RL34680, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects, coordinated by Clinton T. Brass.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20348", "sha1": "325cc46dbe95e2b05991dbf7015d2b07af8b8c10", "filename": "files/20131029_RS20348_325cc46dbe95e2b05991dbf7015d2b07af8b8c10.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20348", "sha1": "071f1efcbd402fb1eb52321db75ff17fe22d2a44", "filename": "files/20131029_RS20348_071f1efcbd402fb1eb52321db75ff17fe22d2a44.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 615, "name": "Appropriations Jurisdictions and Processes" }, { "source": "CongOpsList", "id": 4145, "name": "Overview of Budget Process" }, { "source": "CongOpsList", "id": 4149, "name": "Appropriations Process" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc267834/", "id": "RS20348_2013Oct11", "date": "2013-10-11", "retrieved": "2013-12-03T12:16:12", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "This report provides background information on funding gaps since FY 1977, and it discusses the general practice of the federal government when a funding gap occurs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131011_RS20348_d99aed86ec00fdd27caf6cc1c6836012b91175da.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131011_RS20348_d99aed86ec00fdd27caf6cc1c6836012b91175da.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc267808/", "id": "RS20348_2013Sep23", "date": "2013-09-23", "retrieved": "2013-12-03T12:16:12", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 1341 1342, 1511-1519) that generally bars the obligation of funds in the absence of appropriations. The report discusses the interval during the fiscal year when appropriations for a particular project or activity are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), which are referred to as a funding gap.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130923_RS20348_92b3613fa8ef61fee93b105479e54311e52a1387.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130923_RS20348_92b3613fa8ef61fee93b105479e54311e52a1387.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40244/", "id": "RS20348_2011April20", "date": "2011-04-20", "retrieved": "2011-08-27T10:13:38", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The interval during the fiscal year when agency appropriations are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution, is referred to as a funding gap. When a funding gap occurs, the federal government begins a shutdown of the affected agencies, entailing the prompt furlough of non-emergency personnel and curtailment of agency activities. This report discusses the funding gaps that occurred between FY1977-FY2010, as well as the events surrounding them and related legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110420_RS20348_d01c8caafaf344abcb628ca422ffa6e19099c50f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110420_RS20348_d01c8caafaf344abcb628ca422ffa6e19099c50f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33082/", "id": "RS20348_2011Feb24", "date": "2011-02-24", "retrieved": "2011-04-28T13:31:19", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The interval during the fiscal year when agency appropriations are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution, is referred to as a funding gap. When a funding gap occurs, the federal government begins a shutdown of the affected agencies, entailing the prompt furlough of non-emergency personnel and curtailment of agency activities. This report discusses the funding gaps that occurred between FY1977-FY2010, as well as the events surrounding them and related legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110224_RS20348_e397f75b7f80af2aaa040cc68675e2d6d423dc32.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110224_RS20348_e397f75b7f80af2aaa040cc68675e2d6d423dc32.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491233/", "id": "RS20348_2010Dec22", "date": "2010-12-22", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "This report gives a brief overview of funding gaps. The interval during the fiscal year when agency appropriations are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution (CR), is referred to as a funding gap. When a funding gap occurs, the federal government begins a shutdown of the affected agencies, entailing the prompt furlough of non-emergency personnel and curtailment of agency activities. The general practice of the federal government after the shutdown has ended has been to pay furloughed employees for time missed, even when no work was performed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101222_RS20348_6e390b19cd15082903887a2388ca12d463a6dc9f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101222_RS20348_6e390b19cd15082903887a2388ca12d463a6dc9f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10550/", "id": "RS20348_2008Sep24", "date": "2008-09-24", "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:31:18", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "The interval during the fiscal year when agency appropriations are not enacted into law, either in the form of a regular appropriations act or a continuing resolution, is referred to as a funding gap. When a funding gap occurs, the federal government begins a shutdown of the affected agencies, entailing the prompt furlough of non-emergency personnel and curtailment of agency activities. This report discusses the funding gaps that occurred between FY1977-FY2008, as well as the events surrounding them and related legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080924_RS20348_9e92ea15497634acd329078da2225d3cdbe89905.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080924_RS20348_9e92ea15497634acd329078da2225d3cdbe89905.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budgets process", "name": "Federal budgets process" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Presidents", "name": "Presidents" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds", "name": "Executive impoundment of appropriated funds" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs886/", "id": "RS20348_1999Oct18", "date": "1999-10-18", "retrieved": "2005-06-10T20:41:45", "title": "Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview", "summary": "This report briefly discusses federal funding gaps. The routine activities of most federal agencies are funded annually by one or more\r\nof the 13 regular appropriations bills. When action on the regular appropriations bills is\r\ndelayed, a continuing resolution (CR) is used to provide interim funding. During the past\r\n48 years, CRs have been enacted for all but four fiscal years (FY1953, 1989, 1995, and\r\n1997). For some fiscal years, a series of as many as six CRs have been enacted.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/19991018_RS20348_fac7d6b0fb509e9bac3864446b8b45a238998fe2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/19991018_RS20348_fac7d6b0fb509e9bac3864446b8b45a238998fe2.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal budget process", "name": "Federal budget process" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Legislative Process" ] }