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      "title": "Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Weapons",
      "summary": "Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional nuclear weapons and new types of delivery vehicles. Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad\u2019s expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called \u201cfull spectrum deterrence\u201d have led some observers to express concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, which also continues to expand its nuclear arsenal. \nPakistan has in recent years taken a number of steps to increase international confidence in the security of its nuclear arsenal. Moreover, Pakistani and U.S. officials argue that, since the 2004 revelations about a procurement network run by former Pakistani nuclear official A.Q. Khan, Islamabad has taken a number of steps to improve its nuclear security and to prevent further proliferation of nuclear-related technologies and materials. A number of important initiatives, such as strengthened export control laws, improved personnel security, and international nuclear security cooperation programs, have improved Pakistan\u2019s nuclear security.\nHowever, instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question. Some observers fear radical takeover of the Pakistani government or diversion of material or technology by personnel within Pakistan\u2019s nuclear complex. While U.S. and Pakistani officials continue to express confidence in controls over Pakistan\u2019s nuclear weapons, continued instability in the country could impact these safeguards. Furthermore, continued Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons development could jeopardize strategic stability between the two countries. For a broader discussion, see CRS Report R41832, Pakistan-U.S. Relations, by K. Alan Kronstadt.",
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      "date": "2016-06-14",
      "retrieved": "2016-06-21T21:01:51.707819",
      "title": "Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Weapons",
      "summary": "Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional nuclear weapons and new types of delivery vehicles. Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad\u2019s expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called \u201cfull spectrum deterrence\u201d have led some observers to express concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, which also continues to expand its nuclear arsenal. \nPakistan has in recent years taken a number of steps to increase international confidence in the security of its nuclear arsenal. Moreover, Pakistani and U.S. officials argue that, since the 2004 revelations about a procurement network run by former Pakistani nuclear official A.Q. Khan, Islamabad has taken a number of steps to improve its nuclear security and to prevent further proliferation of nuclear-related technologies and materials. A number of important initiatives, such as strengthened export control laws, improved personnel security, and international nuclear security cooperation programs, have improved Pakistan\u2019s nuclear security.\nHowever, instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question. Some observers fear radical takeover of the Pakistani government or diversion of material or technology by personnel within Pakistan\u2019s nuclear complex. While U.S. and Pakistani officials continue to express confidence in controls over Pakistan\u2019s nuclear weapons, continued instability in the country could impact these safeguards. Furthermore, continued Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons development could jeopardize strategic stability between the two countries. For a broader discussion, see CRS Report R41832, Pakistan-U.S. Relations, by K. Alan Kronstadt.",
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      "title": "Iran's Nuclear Program: Status",
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      "date": "2016-02-29",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-24T17:02:51.935692",
      "title": "Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Weapons",
      "summary": "Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Islamabad is producing fissile material, adding to related production facilities, and deploying additional nuclear weapons and new types of delivery vehicles. Pakistan\u2019s nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad\u2019s expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called \u201cfull spectrum deterrence\u201d have led some observers to express concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, which also continues to expand its nuclear arsenal. \nPakistan has in recent years taken a number of steps to increase international confidence in the security of its nuclear arsenal. Moreover, Pakistani and U.S. officials argue that, since the 2004 revelations about a procurement network run by former Pakistani nuclear official A. Q. Khan, Islamabad has taken a number of steps to improve its nuclear security and to prevent further proliferation of nuclear-related technologies and materials. A number of important initiatives, such as strengthened export control laws, improved personnel security, and international nuclear security cooperation programs, have improved Pakistan\u2019s nuclear security.\nHowever, instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question. Some observers fear radical takeover of the Pakistani government or diversion of material or technology by personnel within Pakistan\u2019s nuclear complex. While U.S. and Pakistani officials continue to express confidence in controls over Pakistan\u2019s nuclear weapons, continued instability in the country could impact these safeguards. Furthermore, continued Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons development could jeopardize strategic stability between the two countries. For a broader discussion, see CRS Report R41832, Pakistan-U.S. Relations, by K. Alan Kronstadt.",
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      "id": "RL34248_2016Feb12",
      "date": "2016-02-12",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-04T14:48:17",
      "title": "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons",
      "summary": "This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Pakistan's nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad's expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called \"full spectrum deterrence\" have led to concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India.",
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      "id": "RL34248_2016Jan14",
      "date": "2016-01-14",
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      "title": "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons",
      "summary": "This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear arsenal, which probably consists of approximately 110-130 nuclear warheads, although it could have more. Pakistan's nuclear arsenal is widely regarded as designed to dissuade India from taking military action against Pakistan, but Islamabad's expansion of its nuclear arsenal, development of new types of nuclear weapons, and adoption of a doctrine called \"full spectrum deterrence\" have led to concern about an increased risk of nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India.",
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      "date": "2013-03-19",
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      "title": "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues",
      "summary": "This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.",
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      "title": "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues",
      "summary": "This report discusses Pakistan's nuclear proliferation and security issues. It discusses the steps that could enable Pakistan to undertake both quantitative and qualitative improvements to its nuclear arsenal. Whether and to what extent Pakistan's current expansion of its nuclear weapons-related facilities is a response to the 2008 U.S.-India nuclear cooperation agreement is unclear.",
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      "title": "Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues",
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