{ "id": "RL34027", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL34027", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 623064, "date": "2020-04-27", "retrieved": "2020-04-27T22:06:13.996244", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.3 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on various security concerns today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. Instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that his 2017 reelection was unconstitutional and marred by fraud. Hern\u00e1ndez\u2019s public standing has been further undermined by a series of corruption scandals that have implicated members of his family, administration, and party, and generated speculation about whether the president has participated in criminal activities.\nHonduras has made uneven progress in addressing the country\u2019s considerable challenges since Hern\u00e1ndez first took office in 2014. Public prosecutors had some success combatting corruption with the support of the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras, but Hern\u00e1ndez was unwilling to extend the mission\u2019s mandate, leading to its closure in January 2020. The country\u2019s finances have improved, but nearly half of the Honduran population is still living below the national poverty line. The homicide rate has declined considerably, but Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and impunity.\nU.S. Policy\nIn recent years, U.S. policy in Honduras has been guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, a whole-of-government effort designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress has appropriated nearly $3.1 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $507.6 million of which has been allocated to Honduras. The Trump Administration suspended most U.S. assistance to Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala (the Northern Triangle region of Central America) for more than a year, however, in response to the continued northward flow of migrants and asylum-seekers to the United States. As a result, U.S. agencies had to prematurely end some foreign aid activities in Honduras and scale back or delay others.\nThe 116th Congress could play an important role in shaping U.S. policy toward Honduras and the broader region. In December 2019, Congress enacted the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-94), which provides $519.9 million for Central America, including at least $65 million for Honduras. The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2020 (P.L. 116-92), also enacted in December 2019, includes a provision that requires the Department of Defense to enter into an agreement with an independent institution to conduct an analysis of the human rights situation in Honduras. Several other measures Congress may consider would tie U.S. security assistance to human rights conditions in Honduras (H.R. 1945), expand in-country refugee processing in the Northern Triangle (H.R. 2347 and H.R. 3731), and authorize foreign assistance for certain activities in Central America (H.R. 2615, H.R. 2836, H.R. 3524, S. 1445, and S. 1781).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "153d2ecf0bc2013e233c3a6660440b7cc42ead6d", "filename": "files/20200427_RL34027_153d2ecf0bc2013e233c3a6660440b7cc42ead6d.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200427_RL34027_images_8bc6d4368c35c9e958b621b365460fb0609f514a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20200427_RL34027_images_0b6100185cebaf2597aab57858c98def6d4a76fc.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20200427_RL34027_images_4ca0bd8a1fd62ca4a99b1aad0e4d085c385c144d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20200427_RL34027_images_4a8fbf9846cbeb743c65579d5b575e9086b77eff.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "8d2214517f9b4ba831486296e9463ae20fe750be", "filename": "files/20200427_RL34027_8d2214517f9b4ba831486296e9463ae20fe750be.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 602840, "date": "2019-07-22", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T16:53:26.806477", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.1 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that his 2017 reelection was unconstitutional and marred by fraud. Hern\u00e1ndez\u2019s public standing has been further undermined by a series of corruption scandals that have implicated members of his family, administration, and party, and generated speculation about whether the president has participated in criminal activities.\nHonduras has made uneven progress in addressing the country\u2019s considerable challenges since Hern\u00e1ndez first took office in 2014. Public prosecutors have begun to combat corruption with the support of the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras, but the mission\u2019s mandate is scheduled to expire in January 2020 and Honduran political leaders have expressed little interest in extending it. The country\u2019s finances have also improved, but more than 67% of Hondurans are still living below the national poverty line. The homicide rate has been nearly cut in half, but Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity.\nU.S. Policy\nIn recent years, U.S. policy in Honduras has been guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, a whole-of-government effort designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress has appropriated nearly $2.6 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $498 million of which the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development intended to allocate to Honduras. Much of that assistance may never be delivered, however, as the Trump Administration has begun closing down foreign assistance programs in the region due to the continued northward flow of migrants and asylum-seekers to the United States.\nThe 116th Congress could play an important role in shaping U.S. policy toward Honduras and the broader region. Several legislative initiatives\u2014including H.R. 2615, S. 1445, H.R. 2836, and S. 1781\u2014would authorize foreign assistance for certain activities in Central America. Congress will also consider FY2020 foreign aid appropriations. H.R. 2740 (H.Rept. 116-78), passed by the House in June 2019, would appropriate \u201cnot less than\u201d $540.85 million for the Central America strategy, including at least $75 million for Honduras. That would be $96 million more than the Administration requested for Central America and about $9 million more than the Administration requested for Honduras. Other legislative measures would tie U.S. security assistance to human rights conditions in Honduras (H.R. 1945) and expand in-country refugee processing in Honduras (H.R. 2347 and H.R. 3731).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "2fb31c3cf9f7753c2f56665ea03e157579aada73", "filename": "files/20190722_RL34027_2fb31c3cf9f7753c2f56665ea03e157579aada73.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190722_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190722_RL34027_images_3d8b6b9bceaec9da278463d1c593bf3610b88aa8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190722_RL34027_images_17ced58980258f4c309fad1f7a9b3c2b2a894088.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190722_RL34027_images_1968ed4d69896191276791a915b0aa118f7d962f.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "17ea974b008efe6fa2225480fce69ee0ecb7ca3b", "filename": "files/20190722_RL34027_17ea974b008efe6fa2225480fce69ee0ecb7ca3b.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 599437, "date": "2019-06-04", "retrieved": "2019-07-02T22:24:15.787809", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.1 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that his 2017 reelection was unconstitutional and marred by fraud. Hern\u00e1ndez\u2019s public standing has been further undermined by a series of corruption scandals that have implicated members of his family, administration, and party, and generated speculation about whether the president has participated in criminal activities.\nHonduras has made uneven progress in addressing the country\u2019s considerable challenges since Hern\u00e1ndez first took office in 2014. Public prosecutors have begun to combat corruption with the support of the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras, but the mission\u2019s mandate is scheduled to expire in January 2020 and Honduran political leaders have expressed little interest in extending it. The country\u2019s finances have also improved, but more than 67% of Hondurans are still living below the national poverty line. The homicide rate has been nearly cut in half, but Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity.\nU.S. Policy\nIn recent years, U.S. policy in Honduras has been guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, a whole-of-government effort designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress has appropriated more than $2.6 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $431 million of which has been allocated to Honduras. Continued U.S. engagement in the region is uncertain, however, as the Trump Administration announced in March 2019 that it intends to end foreign assistance programs in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala due to the continued northward flow of migrants and asylum-seekers to the United States.\nThe 116th Congress could play an important role in shaping U.S. policy toward Honduras and the broader region. Several legislative initiatives that have been introduced\u2014including H.R. 2615, S. 1445, and H.R. 2836\u2014would authorize foreign assistance for certain activities in Central America. Congress will also consider FY2020 foreign aid appropriations. H.R. 2839 would appropriate $540.9 million for the Central America strategy, including at least $75 million for Honduras. That would be $96 million more than the Administration requested for Central America and about $9 million more than the Administration requested for Honduras. Other bills Congress may consider would tie U.S. security assistance to human rights conditions in Honduras (H.R. 1945), tie U.S. assistance to the number of unaccompanied Honduran children that arrive at the U.S. border (H.R. 2049), and expand in-country refugee processing in Honduras (H.R. 2347).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "58672680980f7591efd06ac605eac9fa048bde6f", "filename": "files/20190604_RL34027_58672680980f7591efd06ac605eac9fa048bde6f.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190604_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190604_RL34027_images_7d7705adcde4237a4b40fffd4c6d6685f235a855.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190604_RL34027_images_17ced58980258f4c309fad1f7a9b3c2b2a894088.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190604_RL34027_images_65b58bd47c8237b22a88a11eb9977a21d2a5f7e2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "a2b59d04e6a46836d14c416e177306d6e1307817", "filename": "files/20190604_RL34027_a2b59d04e6a46836d14c416e177306d6e1307817.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 598905, "date": "2019-05-30", "retrieved": "2019-05-30T22:06:12.119714", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9.1 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that his 2017 reelection was unconstitutional and marred by fraud. Over the past five years, Honduras has made some progress in reducing violence and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. Anti-corruption efforts have also made some headway, largely as a result of cooperation between the Honduran public prosecutor\u2019s office and the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras. \nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Honduras continues to be one of the poorest countries in Latin America, with more than 67% of Hondurans living below the poverty line. It also remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity. Moreover, the country\u2019s tentative progress in combating corruption has generated a fierce backlash, calling into question the sustainability of those efforts.\nU.S. Policy\nIn recent years, U.S. policy in Honduras has been guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, a whole-of-government effort designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress has appropriated more than $2.6 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $431 million of which has been allocated to Honduras. Continued U.S. engagement in the region is uncertain, however, as the Trump Administration announced in March 2019 that it intends to end foreign assistance programs in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala due to the continued northward flow of migrants and asylum-seekers to the United States.\nThe 116th Congress could play an important role in shaping U.S. policy toward Honduras and the broader region. Several legislative initiatives that have been introduced\u2014including H.R. 2615, S. 1445, and H.R. 2836\u2014would authorize foreign assistance for certain activities in Central America. Congress will also consider FY2020 foreign aid appropriations. H.R. 2839 would appropriate $540.9 million for the Central America strategy, including at least $75 million for Honduras. That would be $96 million more than the Administration requested for Central America and about $9 million more than the Administration requested for Honduras. Other bills Congress may consider would tie U.S. security assistance to human rights conditions in Honduras (H.R. 1945), tie U.S. assistance to the number of unaccompanied Honduran children that arrive at the U.S. border (H.R. 2049), and expand in-country refugee processing in Honduras (H.R. 2347).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "e0aeaf90111326325485023e129bc87aa365d1c5", "filename": "files/20190530_RL34027_e0aeaf90111326325485023e129bc87aa365d1c5.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190530_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190530_RL34027_images_7d7705adcde4237a4b40fffd4c6d6685f235a855.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190530_RL34027_images_17ced58980258f4c309fad1f7a9b3c2b2a894088.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190530_RL34027_images_65b58bd47c8237b22a88a11eb9977a21d2a5f7e2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "2c1c87579782c18d8d2521e1c625564c659c9e67", "filename": "files/20190530_RL34027_2c1c87579782c18d8d2521e1c625564c659c9e67.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 586847, "date": "2018-10-24", "retrieved": "2019-04-18T13:32:31.773052", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that the November 2017 presidential election was marred by fraud. During Hern\u00e1ndez\u2019s first term, Honduras made some progress in reducing violence and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. Anti-corruption efforts also made some headway, largely as a result of cooperation between the Honduran public prosecutor\u2019s office and the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras. \nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Honduras continues to be one of the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin America, with nearly 69% of Hondurans living below the poverty line. It also remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity. Moreover, the country\u2019s tentative progress in combating corruption has generated a fierce backlash, calling into question the sustainability of those efforts.\nU.S. Policy\nU.S. policy in Honduras is guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, which is designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress appropriated an estimated $79.8 million in bilateral assistance for Honduras to advance those objectives in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141). The Trump Administration has requested $65.8 million to continue U.S. efforts in Honduras in FY2019. The Senate Appropriations Committee\u2019s FY2019 foreign aid appropriations measure (S. 3108) would slightly exceed the request, providing $68.8 million for Honduras. The House Appropriations Committee\u2019s foreign aid appropriations bill (H.R. 6385) would not specify a funding level for Honduras.\nMembers of the 115th Congress have put forward several measures intended to incentivize policy changes in Honduras. P.L. 115-141 withholds 75% of assistance for the Honduran central government until Honduras addresses concerns such as border security, corruption, and human rights abuses. S. 3108 and H.R. 6385 would maintain similar conditions on aid, and the Berta Caceres Human Rights in Honduras Act (H.R. 1299) would suspend all security assistance until Honduras meets strict human rights conditions. A resolution adopted by the House, H.Res. 145, called on the Honduran government to support ongoing anti-corruption efforts, and a provision in the FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 115-232) requires the Secretary of State to name Honduran officials known to have engaged in, or facilitated, acts of grand corruption or narcotics trafficking.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "49d265bc103193190c14fb67dba704084cbb905e", "filename": "files/20181024_RL34027_49d265bc103193190c14fb67dba704084cbb905e.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181024_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20181024_RL34027_images_278379c0d7436de61e5d1255ada3f38e9e2555f5.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20181024_RL34027_images_75311fbd03fe823035d59a2331ff0124fa313fd4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20181024_RL34027_images_ab220c5ee50b8cc5ec1ab95edffc799bd2e3ca6b.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "d953443a8e2189acf1ac899e1278c8451c002424", "filename": "files/20181024_RL34027_d953443a8e2189acf1ac899e1278c8451c002424.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584102, "date": "2018-07-30", "retrieved": "2018-08-27T15:08:22.356698", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 9 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a second four-year term in January 2018. He lacks legitimacy among many Hondurans, however, due to allegations that the November 2017 presidential election was marred by fraud. During Hern\u00e1ndez\u2019s first term, Honduras made some progress in reducing violence and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. Anti-corruption efforts also made some headway, largely as a result of cooperation between the Honduran public prosecutor\u2019s office and the Organization of American States-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras. \nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Honduras continues to be one of the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin America, with nearly 69% of Hondurans living below the poverty line. It also remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity. Moreover, the country\u2019s tentative progress in combating corruption has generated a fierce backlash, calling into question the sustainability of those efforts.\nU.S. Policy\nU.S. policy in Honduras is guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, which is designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress appropriated an estimated $79.8 million in bilateral assistance for Honduras to advance those objectives in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141). The Trump Administration has requested $65.8 million to continue U.S. efforts in Honduras in FY2019. The Senate Appropriations Committee\u2019s FY2019 foreign aid appropriations measure (S. 3108) would slightly exceed the request, providing $68.8 million for Honduras. The House Appropriations Committee\u2019s foreign aid appropriations bill (H.R. 6385) would not specify a funding level for Honduras.\nMembers of the 115th Congress have put forward several measures intended to incentivize policy changes in Honduras. P.L. 115-141 withholds 75% of assistance for the Honduran central government until Honduras addresses concerns such as border security, corruption, and human rights abuses. S. 3108 and H.R. 6385 would maintain similar conditions on aid, and the Berta Caceres Human Rights in Honduras Act (H.R. 1299) would suspend all security assistance until Honduras meets strict human rights conditions. A resolution adopted by the House, H.Res. 145, called on the Honduran government to support ongoing anti-corruption efforts, and a provision in the FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 5515), as reported out of conference, would require the Secretary of State to name Honduran officials known to have engaged in, or facilitated, acts of grand corruption or narcotics trafficking.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "5e8eebce7038d11340df58ada0d91dd4af994a61", "filename": "files/20180730_RL34027_5e8eebce7038d11340df58ada0d91dd4af994a61.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180730_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180730_RL34027_images_e268d8587876b0096023b999279dac727ce19b6a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180730_RL34027_images_75311fbd03fe823035d59a2331ff0124fa313fd4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180730_RL34027_images_278379c0d7436de61e5d1255ada3f38e9e2555f5.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "5877f80b03930a473a66a1ae8ded6ef86ce38c2c", "filename": "files/20180730_RL34027_5877f80b03930a473a66a1ae8ded6ef86ce38c2c.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462963, "date": "2017-07-28", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:41:50.756456", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 8.7 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras\u2014including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014\u2014has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States.\nDomestic Situation\nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a four-year term in January 2014. Since taking office, he has made some progress in reducing violence and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. Anticorruption efforts also have made headway in recent years, largely as a result of the efforts of the Honduran Public Ministry and the Organization of American States (OAS)-backed Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras (MACCIH). \nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Many Hondurans have lost faith in the political system, and Hern\u00e1ndez and his party have engaged in political maneuvers that have further weakened the country\u2019s democratic institutions. Honduras also continues to be one of the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin America, with nearly two-thirds of Hondurans living below the poverty line. Moreover, Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world and continues to suffer from persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity.\nGeneral elections in Honduras are scheduled to be held on November 26, 2017. Hern\u00e1ndez appears well positioned for reelection since his party continues to have the single largest base of support in Honduras, the opposition is divided, and he needs to obtain only a plurality of the vote to win. The Honduran Congress is likely to remain fractured, however, which could present governance challenges for whoever holds the presidency in 2018.\nU.S. Policy\nU.S. policy in Honduras is guided by the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, which is designed to promote economic prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security in Honduras and the rest of the region. Congress appropriated an estimated $95.3 million in bilateral assistance for Honduras to advance these objectives in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-31). Although the Trump Administration has requested $67.9 million to continue U.S. efforts in Honduras in FY2018, the foreign aid appropriations bill reported out of the House Appropriations Committee (H.R. 3362) would provide $81.2 million in bilateral aid. The Senate Appropriations Committee has yet to mark up its FY2018 foreign aid appropriations bill.\nMembers of the 115th Congress have put forward several measures to incentivize policy changes in Honduras. P.L. 115-31 withholds 75% of assistance for the Honduran central government until Honduras addresses concerns such as border security, corruption, and human rights abuses. H.R. 3362 would maintain those conditions. A resolution adopted by the House, H.Res. 145, calls on the Honduran government to support the anticorruption efforts of the MACCIH and the Public Ministry. Other measures would suspend security assistance until Honduras meets strict human rights conditions (H.R. 1299) and would withhold most U.S. assistance until the Honduran government has settled all commercial disputes with U.S. citizens (H.R. 3237).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "04bda71adcade5128e6efdbefe158c3a9991e095", "filename": "files/20170728_RL34027_04bda71adcade5128e6efdbefe158c3a9991e095.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/4.png": "files/20170728_RL34027_images_b12f88f5fbb46d6435a9d8eba70aae45d7b9c3fb.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170728_RL34027_images_8eb9043e66025b166394c9c267f054d7507bc52b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170728_RL34027_images_542836e20fb88ac721a8360b3dc0eb1d9bc628a9.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/3.png": "files/20170728_RL34027_images_e9c76de2e73270b2d6250b6ffb68a0984550abb3.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34027_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170728_RL34027_images_f699acfa08b838d81f26684cfe93c6520db6ca1d.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "46d66c6a9d20d9768b02a14c889b5fa8a55e619d", "filename": "files/20170728_RL34027_46d66c6a9d20d9768b02a14c889b5fa8a55e619d.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 452792, "date": "2016-05-23", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T22:11:19.149769", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 8.6 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. Given the geographic proximity of Honduras, migration is another central concern in bilateral relations; more than 588,000 Hondurans reside in the United States\u201467% of whom are undocumented. \nDomestic Situation\nInstability in recent years, such as a coup in 2009 and a surge in emigration since 2014, has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on the domestic situation in Honduras. \nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a four-year term in January 2014. Since taking office, he has made some progress in combatting corruption and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. His administration also has had some success in apprehending high-level drug traffickers and dismantling their criminal networks. Between 2013 and 2015, the country\u2019s annual budget deficit fell from 7.6% of gross domestic product (GDP) to 1.4% of GDP and the homicide rate fell from 79 homicides per 100,000 residents to 60 homicides per 100,000 residents.\nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Many Hondurans have lost faith in the political system, and Hern\u00e1ndez and his party have engaged in political maneuvers that have further weakened the country\u2019s democratic institutions. Honduras also continues to be one of the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin America. Nearly 75% of Hondurans live in poverty, and more than half live in extreme poverty. Moreover, although the homicide rate has fallen, Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world, with persistent human rights abuses and widespread impunity.\nU.S. Policy\nU.S. policy in Honduras is focused on strengthening democratic governance, including the promotion of human rights and the rule of law; enhancing economic prosperity; and improving the long-term security situation in the country. To advance these policy objectives, the United States provides Honduras with substantial amounts of foreign assistance, maintains significant security and commercial ties, and engages on issues such as migration and human rights.\nIn the first session of the 114th Congress, Members approved the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113). The act included up to $98.3 million in bilateral assistance for Honduras as well as up to $439.9 million for regional programs that benefit Honduras in support of the Obama Administration\u2019s U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America. The act placed stringent conditions on 75% of the funds appropriated for the \u201ccentral government\u201d of Honduras, requiring the State Department to withhold funds until it can certify that the Honduran government is taking \u201ceffective steps\u201d to improve border security, combat corruption, counter organized crime, and address human rights concerns, among other actions. Congress is now considering the Administration\u2019s FY2017 foreign aid request, which includes $105.7 million in bilateral aid for Honduras. Congress is also considering the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017; the House version (H.R. 4909) includes a provision requiring the State and Defense Departments to submit a joint report on military units that have been assigned policing or citizen security responsibilities in Honduras and other Central American nations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "f514271f1343f01541c269384bf42e6bb11d709a", "filename": "files/20160523_RL34027_f514271f1343f01541c269384bf42e6bb11d709a.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "399c3b33d253daea632e60e1d53f9cc3983a08e0", "filename": "files/20160523_RL34027_399c3b33d253daea632e60e1d53f9cc3983a08e0.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 441442, "date": "2015-05-20", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:02:29.233711", "title": "Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Honduras, a Central American nation of 8.4 million people, has had close ties with the United States over many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. Migration is another central concern in bilateral relations as more than 530,000 Hondurans reside in the United States\u201467% of whom are undocumented. \nDomestic Situation\nInstability in recent years, such as a coup in 2009 and a spike in emigration in 2014, has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on the domestic situation in Honduras. \nPresident Juan Orlando Hern\u00e1ndez of the conservative National Party was inaugurated to a four-year term in January 2014. Since taking office, he has made some progress in combatting corruption and putting public finances on a more sustainable path. His administration also has had some success in apprehending high-level drug traffickers and dismantling their criminal networks. In 2014, annual economic growth accelerated from 2.8% to 3.1%, and the homicide rate fell from 79 homicides per 100,000 residents to 68 homicides per 100,000 residents.\nNevertheless, considerable challenges remain. Many Hondurans have lost faith in the political system, and Hern\u00e1ndez and his party have engaged in political maneuvers that have further weakened the country\u2019s democratic institutions. Honduras also continues to be one of the poorest and most unequal countries in Latin America. Nearly 65% of households live below the poverty line, and 43% live in extreme poverty. Moreover, while the homicide rate has fallen, Honduras remains one of the most violent countries in the world, and impunity is widespread.\nU.S. Policy\nCurrent U.S. policy in Honduras is focused on strengthening democratic governance, including the promotion of human rights and the rule of law; enhancing economic prosperity; and improving the long-term security situation in the country. To advance these policy objectives, the United States provides Honduras with substantial amounts of foreign assistance, maintains significant security and commercial ties, and engages on issues such as migration and human rights.\nThe 114th Congress is likely to consider several legislative measures that will influence the direction of U.S.-Honduran relations. As it considers annual foreign aid appropriations, Congress will decide whether to fully fund President Obama\u2019s $1 billion request for Central America, which includes at least $163 million in bilateral aid to promote prosperity, security, and good governance in Honduras. It will also decide whether to maintain the current withholding requirement on assistance to Honduran security forces, which requires the State Department to certify that the country is making progress on human rights issues. Additionally, Congress is considering Department of Defense support for Honduras. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate Armed Services Committee have approved versions of the FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 1735 and S. 1376) that recommend increasing Department of Defense security assistance to Central America by $50 million.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34027", "sha1": "0c1d31d10d70d00b60fe10ea03a33548c872da17", "filename": "files/20150520_RL34027_0c1d31d10d70d00b60fe10ea03a33548c872da17.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34027", "sha1": "28a27f1985d72bf716a27a34be27cc3902dab61f", "filename": "files/20150520_RL34027_28a27f1985d72bf716a27a34be27cc3902dab61f.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 281, "name": "Latin America and the Caribbean" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228062/", "id": "RL34027_2013Jul24", "date": "2013-07-24", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Honduras-U.S. Relations", "summary": "Report that examines current political and economic conditions in Honduras as well as issues in Honduran-U.S. relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130724_RL34027_8c6e05e3e96d73093ca9a16ca173d9d275a2951b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130724_RL34027_8c6e05e3e96d73093ca9a16ca173d9d275a2951b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Honduras", "name": "Politics and government -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance -- Honduras", "name": "American economic assistance -- Honduras" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807556/", "id": "RL34027_2013Feb05", "date": "2013-02-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Honduras-U.S. Relations", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130205_RL34027_17c566a059cf8920685d75bc5708c834dc9b0d96.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130205_RL34027_17c566a059cf8920685d75bc5708c834dc9b0d96.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822665/", "id": "RL34027_2012Jul25", "date": "2012-07-25", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Honduran-U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report examines current political and economic conditions in Honduras as well as issues in Honduran-U.S. relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120725_RL34027_331d6dae6c3057c54af3fc76ba9576a15eb81249.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120725_RL34027_331d6dae6c3057c54af3fc76ba9576a15eb81249.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Honduras", "name": "Politics and government -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance -- Honduras", "name": "American economic assistance -- Honduras" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85470/", "id": "RL34027_2012Apr25", "date": "2012-04-25", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Honduran-U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report examines current conditions in Honduras as well as issues in U.S-Honduran relations, including human rights, poverty, inequality, international support, democracy, security challenges, and international trade.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120425_RL34027_0fe5718efad4f955bdc3b4d976d79e8411c2962c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120425_RL34027_0fe5718efad4f955bdc3b4d976d79e8411c2962c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Honduras", "name": "Politics and government - Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Honduras", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Honduras - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Honduras - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Honduras", "name": "American economic assistance - Honduras" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc96780/", "id": "RL34027_2011Jul14", "date": "2011-07-14", "retrieved": "2012-08-07T13:52:45", "title": "Honduran-U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report examines current political and economic conditions in Honduras as well as issues in Honduran-U.S. relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110714_RL34027_4554b0a35669543a4eaf196ba8773bea0e57063b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110714_RL34027_4554b0a35669543a4eaf196ba8773bea0e57063b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Honduras", "name": "Politics and government -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Honduras" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Honduras -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", 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