{
  "id": "RL33335",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL33335",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 316476,
      "date": "2006-03-20",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:08:14.270029",
      "title": "Transnational Organized Crime: Principal Threats and U.S. Responses",
      "summary": "This report examines the growing threat of transnational organized crime to U.S. national\nsecurity\nand global stability. The end of the Cold War -- along with increasing globalization beginning in\nthe 1990s -- has helped criminal organizations expand their activities and gain global reach. \nCriminal networks are believed to have benefitted from the weakening of certain government\ninstitutions, more open borders, and the resurgence of ethnic and regional conflicts across the former\nSoviet Union and many other regions. Transnational criminal organizations have also exploited\nexpanding financial markets and rapid technological developments. In addition, terrorist networks\nare believed to be increasingly supporting themselves through traditional crime, and have been\nlinked to criminal organizations. Alliances between the two groups could amplify threats to\nAmerican security. Transnational criminals engage in a spectrum of illicit activities, including\nnarcotics and arms smuggling, trafficking in persons, counterfeiting, and money laundering and other\nfinancial crimes.\n The report also outlines the U.S. response to international crime. While U.S. policy is framed\nwithin the 1998 International Crime Control Strategy, it is also shaped by other more recent federal\nand agency plans. Agencies heading government efforts include the Departments of State, Defense,\nJustice, Treasury, and Homeland Security. Key federal programs and initiatives and their\ninteragency coordination are discussed. International cooperation and agreements are vital to U.S.\nstrategy; also, many programs seek to assist and train foreign law enforcement. Finally, this report\nexamines likely Congressional concerns related to U.S. efforts to combat transnational crime. The\nreport will not be updated.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
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          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33335",
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          "images": null
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        {
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33335",
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          "images": null
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}