{
  "id": "RL33224",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
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      "id": 351627,
      "date": "2008-07-14",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T03:18:09.795672",
      "title": "Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to Be Under\u00a0a\u00a0Separate Domain Name",
      "summary": "It has been proposed that there be a domain on the Internet exclusively for websites that contain sexually explicit material; it might be labeled \u201c.xxx\u201d to complement the current \u201c.com,\u201d \u201c.org,\u201d and others. Some propose making use of a \u201c.xxx\u201d domain voluntary, and a June 26, 2008, decision by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to allow a virtually unlimited number of top-level domain names may make the voluntary use of \u201c.xxx\u201d possible in 2009. Others propose that Congress make use of \u201c.xxx\u201d mandatory for websites that contain sexually explicit material. This proposal raises the question whether a mandatory separate domain would violate the First Amendment, and this report focuses on that question.\nIt is unclear whether making a \u201c.xxx\u201d domain mandatory would violate the First Amendment. Whether it would be constitutional might depend upon whether a court viewed it as a content-based restriction on speech or as analogous to the zoning of adult theaters, or even as a mere disclosure requirement that did not raise a significant First Amendment issue. If a court viewed it as a content-based restriction on speech, then it would be constitutional only if the court found that it served a compelling governmental interest by the least restrictive means. Other factors that could affect its constitutionality might be whether it imposed criminal penalties and whether it were limited to websites that are predominantly pornographic.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815768/",
      "id": "RL33224_2007Apr02",
      "date": "2007-04-02",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821087/",
      "id": "RL33224_2007Jan08",
      "date": "2007-01-08",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name",
      "summary": "It has been proposed that there be a domain on the Internet exclusively for websites that contain sexually explicit material; it might be labeled \u201c.xxx\u201d to complement the current \u201c.com,\u201d \u201c.org,\u201d and others. This report examines the constitutionality of this idea.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Internet",
          "name": "Internet"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Pornography",
          "name": "Pornography"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "World Wide Web",
          "name": "World Wide Web"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821667/",
      "id": "RL33224_2006Jan18",
      "date": "2006-01-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name",
      "summary": "This report discusses the constitutionality of proposal that there be a separate domain on the Internet exclusively for websites that contain sexually explicit material; it might be labeled \u201c.xxx\u201d to complement the current \u201c.com,\u201d \u201c.org,\u201d and others.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Internet",
          "name": "Internet"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Pornography",
          "name": "Pornography"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "World Wide Web",
          "name": "World Wide Web"
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9146/",
      "id": "RL33224 2006-01-03",
      "date": "2006-01-03",
      "retrieved": "2006-08-10T15:07:42",
      "title": "Constitutionality of Requiring Sexually Explicit Material on the Internet to be Under a Separate Domain Name",
      "summary": "It is unclear whether making a \u201c.xxx\u201d domain mandatory would violate the First Amendment. Some propose making use of a \u201c.xxx\u201d domain voluntary, but others propose that Congress make it mandatory. The latter proposal raises the question whether a mandatory separate domain would violate the First Amendment, and this report focuses on that question.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Constitution",
          "name": "Constitution"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Sex and law",
          "name": "Sex and law"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Pornography",
          "name": "Pornography"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Internet",
          "name": "Internet"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Constitutional law",
          "name": "Constitutional law"
        },
        {
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          "id": "Law",
          "name": "Law"
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        {
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          "id": "Business",
          "name": "Business"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Technology",
          "name": "Technology"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Constitutional Questions"
  ]
}