U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1997-2004

RL33217 -- U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 1997-2004

December 29, 2005

CONTENTS

Summary

U.S. Agreements with Leading Purchasers,1997-2004

U.S. Deliveries to Leading Purchasers, 1997-2004

Footnotes

Summary

This report provides background data on United States arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 1997-2004. In a series of data tables, it lists the total dollar values of U.S. arms sales agreements with its top five purchasers in five specific regions of the world for three specific periods: 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and 2004 alone, and the total dollar values of U.S. arms deliveries to its top five purchasers in those same regions for the periods 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and for 2004 alone. In addition, the report provides data tables listing the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with and deliveries to its top 10 purchasers worldwide for the periods 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and for 2004 alone.

This report is prepared in conjunction with the annual CRS report for Congress entitled: Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997-2004 (CRS Report RL33051(pdf)), by Richard Grimmett. That report details both U.S. and foreign arms transfer activities globally, and provides analysis of arms trade trends. The intent here is to complement that elaborate worldwide treatment of the international arms trade by providing only the dollar values of United States arms sales agreements with and delivery values to its leading customers, by geographic region, for the calendar years 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and 2004. Unlike CRS Report RL33051(pdf), this report focuses exclusively on U.S. arms sales, provides the specific names of the major U.S. arms customers, by region, together with the total dollar values of their arms purchases or deliveries. This report will not be updated.

This report provides background data on United States arms sales agreements with and deliveries to its major purchasers during calendar years 1997-2004. It provides the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with its top five purchasers in five specific regions of the world for the periods 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and for 2004, and the total dollar values of U.S. arms deliveries to its top five purchasers in five specific regions for those same years. In addition, the report provides a listing of the total dollar values of U.S. arms agreements with and deliveries to its top ten purchasers for the periods 1997-2000, 2001-2004, and for 2004. The data are official, unclassified, United States Defense Department figures compiled by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), unless otherwise indicated. The data have been restructured for this report by DSCA from a fiscal year format to a calendar year format. Thus a year in this report covers the period from January 1-December 31, and not the fiscal year period from October 1-September 30.(1)

U.S. Agreements with Leading Purchasers,1997-2004

The following five regional tables provide the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services sold to the top five purchasers in each region indicated for the calendar year(s) noted. These values represent the total value of all government-to-government agreements actually concluded between the United States and the foreign purchaser under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program during the calendar year(s) indicated.(2) In a separate table, the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services sold to the top ten purchasers worldwide is provided for calendar year period noted. All totals are expressed as current U.S. dollars.

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)

AFRICA AGREEMENTS
1997-2000
AFRICA
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004 
AFRICA
AGREEMENTS
2004 

1 Ethiopia $10 million
1 Kenya $32 million
1 Djibouti $10 million

2 Ghana $5 million
2 Nigeria $29 million
2 Kenya $6 million

3 Kenya $4 million
3 South Africa $14 million
3 Nigeria $6 million

4 Nigeria $3 million
4 Djibouti $13 million
4 Uganda $5 million

5 Senegal $3 million
5 Uganda $6 million
5 Ethiopia $3 million

AMERICAN
REPUBLICS AGREEMENTS
1997-2000
AMERICAN REPUBLICS
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004
AMERICAN REPUBLICS
AGREEMENTS
2004

1 Canada $380 million
1 Canada $689 million
1 Brazil $205 million

2 Colombia $279 million*
2 Chile $552 million
2 Canada $160 million

3 Brazil $124 million
3 Brazil $257 million
3 Colombia $114 million*

4 Venezuela $81 million
4 Columbia $236 million*
4 Venezuela $8 million

5 Argentina $50 million
5 Venezuela $51 million
5 El Salvador $7 million

* Includes FMS sales related to international narcotics interdiction programs.

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)

ASIA
AGREEMENTS
1997-2000 
ASIA
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004 
ASIA
AGREEMENTS
2004 

1 South Korea $2.6 billion
1 South Korea $3 billion
1 Japan $850 million

2 Taiwan $1.9 billion
2 Japan $3 billion
2 Taiwan $590 million

3 Australia $1.3 billion
3 Australia $1.2 billion
3 Australia $460 million

4 Japan $1.3 billion
4 Taiwan $1.2 billion
4 South Korea $340 million

5 Singapore $1.1 billion
5 Singapore $1.1 billion
5 Singapore $170 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)

NEAR EAST
AGREEMENTS
1997-2000 
NEAR EAST
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004 
NEAR EAST
AGREEMENTS
2004 

1 U.A.E. $6.8 billion*
1 Egypt $5.7 billion
1 Saudi Arabia 1.6 billion

2 Egypt $5.5 billion
2 Israel $4.4 billion
2 Egypt $1.4 billion

3 Israel $4.9 billion
3 Saudi Arabia $3.8 billion
3 Israel $600 million

4 Saudi Arabia $4.1 billion
4 Kuwait $1.8 billion
4 Afghanistan $500 million

5 Bahrain $640 million
5 Oman $960 million
5 Jordan $400 million

* Includes a $6.432 billion licensed commercial agreement concluded in 2000 for 80 F-16 fighter aircraft.

EUROPE
AGREEMENTS
1997-2000 
EUROPE
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004 
EUROPE
AGREEMENTS
2004 

1 Greece $3 billion
1 Poland $3.8 billion
1 U.K. $440 million

2 Spain $1.3 billion
2 U.K. $2 billion
2 Netherlands $340 million

3 Germany $1.2 billion
3 Greece $1.4 billion
3 Greece $170 million

4 Turkey $1.2 billion
4 Italy $1.2 billion
4 Poland $160 million

5 Netherlands $930 million
5 Netherlands $1 billion
5 Finland $130 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)

WORLDWIDE
AGREEMENTS
1997-2000 
WORLDWIDE
AGREEMENTS
2001-2004 
WORLDWIDE
AGREEMENTS
2004 

1 U.A.E. $6.8 billion*
1 Egypt $5.7 billion
1 Saudi Arabia $1.6 billion

2 Egypt $5.5 billion
2 Israel $4.4 billion
2 Egypt $1.4 billion

3 Israel $4.9 billion
3 Saudi Arabia $3.8 bil.
3 Japan $850 million

4 Saudi Arabia $4.1 billion
4 Poland $3.8 billion
4 Israel $600 million

5 Greece $3 billion
5 South Korea $3 bil.
5 Taiwan $590 million

6 South Korea $2.6 billion
6 Japan $3 billion
6 Afghanistan $500 million

7 Taiwan $1.9 billion
7 U.K. $2 billion
7 Australia $460 million

8 Spain $1.3 billion
8 Kuwait $1.8 billion
8 U.K. $440 million

9 Australia $1.3 billion
9 Greece $1.4 billion
9 Jordan $400 million

10 Japan $1.3 billion
10 Australia $1.2 billion
10 South Korea $340 million

* Includes a $6.432 billion licensed commercial agreement in 2000 for 80 F-16 fighter aircraft.

U.S. Deliveries to Leading Purchasers, 1997-2004

The following five regional tables provide the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services delivered to the top five purchasers in each region indicated for the calendar year(s) noted for all deliveries under the U.S. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. These values represent the total value of all government-to-government deliveries actually concluded between the United States and the foreign purchaser under the FMS program during the calendar year(s) indicated. Also included in these U.S. delivery totals are the total values of all commercially licensed deliveries of defense articles and services actually made during the fiscal year(s) noted.(3)

In a separate table (below), the total dollar values of all U.S. defense articles and defense services actually delivered to the top ten purchasers worldwide is provided. The delivery totals combine FMS deliveries concluded for the calendar year(s) noted, and commercially licensed deliveries concluded for the pertinent fiscal year(s).

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest million)

AFRICA
DELIVERIES
1997-2000 
AFRICA
DELIVERIES
2001-2004 
AFRICA
DELIVERIES
2004 

1 Kenya $10 million
1 Nigeria $17 million
1 South Africa $11 million

2 Ethiopia $9 million
2 South Africa $16 mil.
2 Nigeria $9 million

3 Senegal $6 million
3 Kenya $11million
3 Kenya $7 million

4 Uganda $4 million
4 Ethiopia $5 million
4 Ethiopia $3 million

5 Eritrea $3 million
5 Benin $3 million
5 Benin $2 million

AMERICAN
REPUBLICS DELIVERIES
1997-2000
AMERICAN REPUBLICS
DELIVERIES
2001-2004
AMERICAN REPUBLICS
DELIVERIES
2004

1 Canada $428 million
1 Canada $765 million
1 Canada $242 million

2 Colombia $253 million*
2 Fr. Guiana $325 million
2 Fr. Guiana $214 million

3 Brazil $205 million
3 Colombia $273 million*
3 Mexico $97 million

4 Venezuela $152 million
4 Brazil $165 million
4 Brazil $68 million

5 Argentina $54 million
5 Mexico $115 million
5 Colombia $62 million*

* Includes deliveries of defense articles and services previously sold that are related to international narcotics programs.

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)

ASIA
DELIVERIES
1997-2000 
ASIA
DELIVERIES
2001-2004 
ASIA
DELIVERIES
2004 

1 Taiwan $7.7 billion
1 Japan $4.2 billion
1 Japan $2 billion

2 South Korea $3.5 billion
2 Taiwan $4 billion
2 Taiwan $1.1 billion

3 Japan $2.6 billion
3 South Korea $2.6 billion
3 South Korea $830 million

4 Australia $1.3 billion
4 Singapore $1.3 billion
4 Singapore $590 million

5 Singapore $1.2 billion
5 Australia $1.1 billion
5 Australia $450 million

NEAR EAST
DELIVERIES
1997-2000
NEAR EAST
DELIVERIES
2001-2004 
NEAR EAST
DELIVERIES
2004 

1 Saudi Arabia $16 billion
1 Egypt $5.3 billion
1 Egypt $1.7 billion

2 Israel $3.8 billion
2 Saudi Arabia $4.7 billion
2 Israel $1.5 billion

3 Egypt $3.2 billion
3 Israel $3.6 billion
3 Saudi Arabia $1.2 billion

4 Kuwait $1.4 billion
4 Kuwait $1 billion
4 U.A.E. $370 million

5 Bahrain $480 million
5 Jordan $300 million
5 Afghanistan $270 million

EUROPE
DELIVERIES
1997-2000 
EUROPE
DELIVERIES
2001-2004 
EUROPE
DELIVERIES
2004 

1 Turkey $3.4 billion
1 Greece $3.4 billion
1 U.K. $1 billion

2 Finland $2.5 billion
2 U.K. $2.4 billion
2 Greece $990 million

3 Greece $2.1 billion
3 Italy $1.6 billion
3 Italy $690 million

4 U.K. $1.8 billion
4 Turkey $1.6 billion
4 Germany $500 million

5 Switzerland $1.3 billion
5 Germany $1.3 billion
5 Turkey $450 million

LEADING PURCHASERS OF U.S. DEFENSE ARTICLES & SERVICES
TOTAL VALUES OF DELIVERIES CONCLUDED
(In current U.S. dollars, rounded to nearest 10 million or 10th of a billion)

WORLDWIDE
DELIVERIES
1997-2000 
WORLDWIDE
DELIVERIES
2001-2004 
WORLDWIDE
DELIVERIES
2004 

1 Saudi Arabia $16 billion
1 Egypt $5.3 billion
1 Japan $2 billion

2 Taiwan $7.7 billion
2 Saudi Arabia $4.7 billion
2 Egypt $1.7 billion

3 Israel $3.8 billion
3 Japan $4.2 billion
3 Israel $1.5 billion

4 South Korea $3.5 billion
4 Taiwan $4 billion
4 Saudi Arabia $1.2 billion

5 Turkey $3.4 billion
5 Israel $3.6 billion
5 Taiwan $1.1 billion

6 Egypt $3.2 billion
6 Greece $3.4 billion
6 U.K. $1 billion

7 Japan $2.6 billion
7 South Korea $2.6 billion
7 Greece $990 million

8 Finland $2.5 billion
8 U.K. $2.4 billion
8 South Korea $830 million

9 Greece $2.1billion
9 Italy $1.6 billion
9 Italy $690 million

10 U.K. $1.8 billion
10 Turkey $1.6 billion
10 Singapore $590 million

Footnotes

1. (back) The Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) publishes an annual volume providing these data in a fiscal year format. This publication is titled Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts. It provides detailed U.S. annual transactions with countries and international organizations for the most recent ten fiscal years, as of the date of publication, as well as aggregate data for these transactions since FY1950. See DSCA website for this data under DSCA Facts Book at http://www.dsca.osd.mil/. For detailed worldwide arms transfer data for U.S. and foreign suppliers and recipients, see CRS Report RL33051(pdf), Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1997-2004, by [author name scrubbed].

2. (back) Current U.S. law and regulations do not require U.S. companies to provide, routinely and systematically, data on arms sales agreements actually concluded with foreign purchasers resulting from commercial licenses authorized by the U.S. State Department. Thus, with one very notable exception relating to the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) in 2000, the agreement data in the following tables do not include the values of U.S. licensed commercial sales.

3. (back) Current U.S. law and regulations require U.S. companies to provide detailed data to the U.S. government on deliveries actually made to foreign purchasers based on licensed commercial export authorizations previously given by the U.S. State Department. The following delivery tables add the values of all commercially licensed deliveries of defense articles and defense services actually made to the values of all Foreign Military Sales (FMS) deliveries actually made. The U.S. FMS delivery data are for the calendar year(s) noted, the commercially licensed delivery values included are for the pertinent fiscal years. Commercial licensed delivery data are not currently available on a calendar year basis.

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