{ "id": "RL32713", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32713", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 342685, "date": "2009-01-22", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T02:52:47.735481", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": "The 110th Congress maintained an interest in the situation of Afro-Latinos in Latin America, particularly the plight of Afro-Colombians affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. In recent years, people of African descent in the Spanish-and Portuguese-speaking nations of Latin America\u2014also known as \u201cAfro-Latinos\u201d\u2014have been pushing for increased rights and representation. Afro-Latinos comprise some 150 million of the region\u2019s 540 million total population, and, along with women and indigenous populations, are among the poorest, most marginalized groups in the region. Afro-Latinos have formed groups that, with the help of international organizations, are seeking political representation, human rights protection, land rights, and greater social and economic opportunities. Improvement in the status of Afro-Latinos could be difficult and contentious, however, depending on the circumstances of the Afro-descendant populations in each country.\nAssisting Afro-Latinos has never been a primary U.S. foreign policy objective, although a number of U.S. aid programs benefit Afro-Latinos. While some foreign aid is specifically targeted towards Afro-Latinos, most is distributed broadly through programs aimed at helping all marginalized populations. Some Members support increasing U.S. assistance to Afro-Latinos, while others resist, particularly given the limited amount of development assistance available for Latin America.\nThere was legislative action on several bills in the 110th Congress with provisions related to Afro-Latinos. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2008 (H.R. 2764/P.L. 110-161) required the State Department to certify that the Colombian military is not violating the land and property rights of Afro-Colombians or the indigenous. It also prohibited the use of Andean Counterdrug funds for investment in oil palm development if it causes displacement or environmental damage (as it has in many Afro-Colombian communities). In the explanatory statement to the Consolidated Appropriations Act, the conferees stipulated that up to $15 million in alternative development assistance to Colombia may be provided to Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities. On July 11, 2007, the House passed H.Res. 426 (McGovern), recognizing 2007 as the year of the rights of internally displaced persons (including Afro-Colombians) in Colombia and offering U.S. support to programs that assist and protect them. On September 9, 2008, the House passed (Engel), supporting the values and goals of the \u201cJoint Action Plan Between the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Government of the United States of America to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Discrimination and Promote Equality,\u201d which was signed by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Brazilian Minister of Racial Integration Edson Santos in March 2008. \nIn addition, the 110th Congress discussed the situation of Afro-Colombians during its consideration of the U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement. As in the past, the 111th Congress is likely to continue to consider legislative provisions relevant to the circumstances of Afro-Latinos.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32713", "sha1": "1cdc237c683dbd6b342e10f5902aa47a155dce0f", "filename": "files/20090122_RL32713_1cdc237c683dbd6b342e10f5902aa47a155dce0f.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32713", "sha1": "2050bd18b02bddca5a1287e6fd1d3695d86ae8f2", "filename": "files/20090122_RL32713_2050bd18b02bddca5a1287e6fd1d3695d86ae8f2.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463141/", "id": "RL32713_2008Nov21", "date": "2008-11-21", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report reviews and analyzes the situation, concerns, and activities of Afro-descendants in the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Latin America. It then discusses current U.S. foreign aid programs, as well as multilateral initiatives, that have directly or indirectly assisted Afro-Latinos. The report concludes with a discussion of potential policy options that have been proposed should the United States elect to provide further support for Afro-Latinos.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081121_RL32713_2eaddf0ffdf1ddf66c5e043fd30720cd35059dbf.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081121_RL32713_2eaddf0ffdf1ddf66c5e043fd30720cd35059dbf.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Blacks", "name": "Blacks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ethnic groups", "name": "Ethnic groups" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Racial discrimination", "name": "Racial discrimination" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Latin Americans", "name": "Latin Americans" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance in Latin America", "name": "Economic assistance in Latin America" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462286/", "id": "RL32713_2008Jul07", "date": "2008-07-07", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report reviews and analyzes the situation, concerns, and activities of Afro-descendants in the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Latin America. It then discusses current U.S. foreign aid programs, as well as multilateral initiatives, that have directly or indirectly assisted Afro-Latinos. The report concludes with a discussion of potential policy options that have been proposed should the United States elect to provide further support for Afro-Latinos.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080707_RL32713_9116d3b02281870a2f9ec8189460db81804d3e1b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080707_RL32713_9116d3b02281870a2f9ec8189460db81804d3e1b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "KWD", "id": "Latin Americans", "name": "Latin Americans" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Blacks", "name": "Blacks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ethnic relations", "name": "Ethnic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Racial discrimination", "name": "Racial discrimination" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil rights", "name": "Civil rights" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Human rights", "name": "Human rights" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance in Latin America", "name": "Economic assistance in Latin America" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Multilateral development banks", "name": "Multilateral development banks" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807108/", "id": "RL32713_2008Jan14", "date": "2008-01-14", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080114_RL32713_3218d9f55002c408cc97870a10e0ec32315fc57c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080114_RL32713_3218d9f55002c408cc97870a10e0ec32315fc57c.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811208/", "id": "RL32713_2007Jul13", "date": "2007-07-13", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070713_RL32713_588d5b1b4c239d2d2c295bac7b22552080722f28.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070713_RL32713_588d5b1b4c239d2d2c295bac7b22552080722f28.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc808314/", "id": "RL32713_2007Jan10", "date": "2007-01-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070110_RL32713_da4f7c987d2a926e44aee25d0b43fa189c9065bc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070110_RL32713_da4f7c987d2a926e44aee25d0b43fa189c9065bc.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc809284/", "id": "RL32713_2005Sep29", "date": "2005-09-29", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050929_RL32713_ec3ab4dd4e303cc58cafcd3dde004e8833a393f5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050929_RL32713_ec3ab4dd4e303cc58cafcd3dde004e8833a393f5.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Foreign Affairs" ] }