{
  "id": "RL32642",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32642",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100202,
      "date": "2004-10-19",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T20:06:11.347901",
      "title": "Employment Statistics: Differences and Similarities in Job-based and Person-based Employment and Unemployment Estimates",
      "summary": "Employment statistics are key indicators of the performance of the economy, measuring how\nmany\njobs exist in the economy as well as how individuals fare in the labor market. Payroll employment\nestimates track the number of wage and salary jobs created and lost in the economy. In comparison\nto this  job-based  measure, (un)employment statistics measure the quantities and ratios\nof those\n individuals  who are employed or unable to find employment despite actively seeking\njobs.\n  This paper defines and distinguishes two commonly used groups of employment estimates:\npayroll employment (derived from a job-based survey) and employment and unemployment (derived\nprimarily from a person-based survey) statistics. (A third unemployment statistic derived from the\nUnemployment Compensation system, the Insured Unemployment Rate, is less frequently used as\nit excludes many groups of workers.) The report then examines two somewhat counter-intuitive\nsituations: how there may be aggregate job loss with decreased unemployment rates and how\nincreased payroll employment does not necessarily imply decreased unemployment.\n  Payroll employment figures are estimated from a survey of employers in non-farm industries. \nThese figures directly correspond to each individual job held within the economy and not to\nindividual workers. A particular worker may hold more than one position and each of those jobs will\nbe counted as a separate position, increasing the total number of jobs reported through the payroll\nemployment estimates. In comparison, individual employment and unemployment statistics \nmeasures are based on individuals and their labor force status. The individual statistics are derived\nfrom the non-institutionalized civilian population. The self-employed, those temporarily absent from\nwork but who have a job, and certain farm workers are also counted as workers (although their\npositions are not counted by payroll employment). A worker may have one or more jobs, but will\nbe counted only once as employed while a worker without any job will be considered unemployed.\n  Although it may seem reasonable to expect that as the number of payroll jobs increases there\nwould be a similar trend in the number of persons employed, the job-based measure of payroll\nemployment does not require that the person-based measure of (un)employment statistics move in\nthe same direction. This paper provides two examples of these somewhat counter-intuitive\nsituations.\n  This report will be updated as events warrant.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32642",
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          "images": null
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Domestic Social Policy"
  ]
}