{
  "id": "RL32625",
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      "id": 340889,
      "date": "2008-01-31",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T03:43:10.908768",
      "title": "Passenger Rail Security: Issues and Legislation in the 110th Congress",
      "summary": "Bombings of passenger trains in Europe and Asia in the last few years have demonstrated the vulnerability of passenger rail systems to terrorist attack. The number of riders and access points makes it impractical to subject all rail passengers to the type of screening airline passengers undergo. Nevertheless, steps can be taken to reduce the risks of terrorist attacks.\nThe 9/11 Commission called for a systematic analysis of transportation assets, the risks to those assets, and the costs and benefits of different approaches to defending those assets. The commission also called for homeland security assistance to be distributed based on these assessments of risks and vulnerabilities, rather than according to population. A comprehensive assessment of risk across all passenger rail operations has not been submitted to Congress. Most federal assistance for passenger rail security has been allocated to systems judged by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to be at highest risk.\nThe Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) did not directly address passenger rail security, but did direct DHS to create a national strategy for transportation security. This plan would identify national transportation assets, set risk-based priorities for their protection, assign responsibilities for their protection, and recommend appropriate levels and sources of funding for these efforts. DHS delivered a classified report on a \u201cNational Strategy for Transportation Security\u201d to Congress in September 2005; this report was updated in April 2006. A security plan for the surface transportation sector was due to Congress by the end of 2006; DHS announced the plan\u2019s release in May 2007. The Government Accountability Office has noted that this plan is only a first step, as it is only required to describe how the most critical transportation assets will be identified and how their risk will be assessed, but is not required to address how risks to transportation assets are actually being assessed or how those assets will be protected.\nThe Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (H.R. 1/P.L. 110-53) signed into law on August 3, 2007, included comprehensive surface transportation security legislation. This act authorized a total of $3.5 billion for transit security and $2.0 billion for rail security, including grant programs for which commuter rail operators, Amtrak, and state and local governments will be eligible recipients. Some funds are specifically authorized for Amtrak\u2019s security and tunnel safety projects. The act also authorizes DHS to regulate the employee security training programs of transit and rail entities. The FY2008 DHS appropriations act (Division E of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008/P.L. 110-161) provides $47 million for surface transportation security activities, including $22 million for rail security inspectors and dogs, and $400 million for public transportation and railroad security assistance grants. This report will be updated.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10406/",
      "id": "RL32625_2006Jul14",
      "date": "2006-07-14",
      "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:26:47",
      "title": "Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues",
      "summary": "The 9/11 Commission called for a systematic analysis of transportation assets, the risks to those assets, and the costs and benefits of different approaches to defending those assets. A key challenge facing Congress is balancing the desire for and cost of increased rail passenger security with the impacts of security measures on the operating efficiency of passenger rail systems, with the potential costs that could be incurred in the event of one or more attacks, and with the costs and benefits of other options for promoting homeland security. Some argue for greatly increased federal funding to help secure passenger rail systems against terrorist attack. Others argue that rail systems are difficult to defend and are only one among many groups potential terrorist targets, making the development of enhanced rail systems security an inefficient use of resources.",
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          "id": "Transportation",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8297/",
      "id": "RL32625 2006-01-20",
      "date": "2006-01-20",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-24T12:30:25",
      "title": "Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7280/",
      "id": "RL32625 2005-07-29",
      "date": "2005-07-29",
      "retrieved": "2005-09-27T14:08:16",
      "title": "Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6778/",
      "id": "RL32625 2005-07-08",
      "date": "2005-07-08",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6779/",
      "id": "RL32625 2005-05-26",
      "date": "2005-05-26",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7107/",
      "id": "RL32625 2004-10-12",
      "date": "2004-10-12",
      "retrieved": "2005-09-27T14:08:35",
      "title": "Passenger Rail Security: Overview of Issues",
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  "topics": [
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