{
  "id": "RL32608",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32608",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 306123,
      "date": "2005-01-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:58:09.654614",
      "title": "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress",
      "summary": "The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 50 U.S.C. Section 1801  et seq. , (FISA) as\npassed in\n1978, provided a statutory framework for the use of electronic surveillance in the context of foreign\nintelligence gathering. In so doing, Congress sought to strike a delicate balance between national\nsecurity interests and personal privacy rights. Subsequent legislation expanded federal laws dealing\nwith foreign intelligence gathering to address physical searches, pen registers and trap and trace\ndevices, and access to certain business records. The Uniting and Strengthening America by\nProviding Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act\nof 2001,  P.L. 107-56 , made significant changes to some of these provisions. Further amendments\nto FISA were included in the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002,  P.L. 107-108 , and\nthe Homeland Security Act of 2002,  P.L. 107-296 . In addressing international terrorism or\nespionage, the same factual situation may be the focus of both criminal investigations and foreign\nintelligence collection efforts. The changes in FISA under these public laws facilitate information\nsharing between law enforcement and intelligence elements. In  The 9/11 Commission Report,\nFinal\nReport of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States  (W. W. Norton\n2004) ( Final Report ), the 9/11 Commission noted that the removal of the pre-9/11\n\u201cwall\u201d between\nintelligence and law enforcement \u201chas opened up new opportunities for cooperative action\nwithin\nthe FBI.\u201d \n \n In the 108th Congress, a number of intelligence reform bills were introduced, including some\nwhich pre-dated the release of the  Final Report  of the 9/11 Commission, while others\nemerged after\nits release. On December 17, 2004, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004,\n P.L. 108-458  ( S. 2845 ), was signed into law. It included several provisions related to\nFISA. In addition to  P.L. 108-458 , a variety of other bills were introduced with FISA-related\nprovisions. The FISA provisions of some of these measures were part of larger intelligence reform \nproposals. Still others were more narrowly focused measures that would also have impacted FISA\ninvestigations in the post-9/11 environment. This report briefly discusses the FISA-related aspects\nof these proposals. For purposes of this report, the bills addressed are divided generally into two\ncategories: intelligence reform or reorganization proposals that have FISA provisions, including  P.L.\n108-458  ( S. 2845 ),  H.R. 10 ,  H.R. 4104 ,  H.R. 5040 ,  H.R. 5150 ,  S. 6 ,  S. 190 ,  S. 1520 ,\n S. 2811 ,  S. 2840 , and Senator Pat Roberts\u2019 draft bill; and other\nFISA-related bills, including  H.R. 1157 ,  H.R. 2242 ,  H.R. 2429 ,  H.R. 2800 ,\n H.R. 3179 ,  H.R. 3352 ,  H.R. 3552 ,  H.R. 4591 ,  H.Amdt. 652  to  H.R. 4574 ,  S. 113 ,  S. 123 ,  S. 410 ,  S. 436 ,  S. 578 ,\n S. 1158 ,  S. 1507 ,  S. 1552 ,  S. 1709 ,\n S. 2528 , and  S.Amdt. 536  to  S. 113 . For a more detailed\ndiscussion of FISA, see  CRS Report RL30465 ,  The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An\nOverview of the Statutory Framework and Recent Judicial Decisions , while a discussion of the\namendment in  P.L. 108-458  to the FISA definition of \u201cagent of a foreign power may be\nfound in\n CRS Report RS22011 ,  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: \u201cLone\nWolf\u201d\nAmendment to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act .",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32608",
          "sha1": "3bedbabf4a08e76e694d30a3abc993266c6c6780",
          "filename": "files/20050111_RL32608_3bedbabf4a08e76e694d30a3abc993266c6c6780.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32608",
          "sha1": "499be7cb906a2b207fc13f87f5d40e97122f56bd",
          "filename": "files/20050111_RL32608_499be7cb906a2b207fc13f87f5d40e97122f56bd.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5798/",
      "id": "RL32608 2004-09-30",
      "date": "2004-09-30",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T01:40:06",
      "title": "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20040930_RL32608_18138924866f9a117bdb14c05e95d3ecbb2912fb.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20040930_RL32608_18138924866f9a117bdb14c05e95d3ecbb2912fb.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal Justice",
          "name": "Criminal Justice"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Electronic surveillance - Law and legislation",
          "name": "Electronic surveillance - Law and legislation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intelligence activities",
          "name": "Intelligence activities"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security"
  ]
}