{ "id": "RL32589", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32589", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 596866, "date": "2019-04-18", "retrieved": "2020-01-02T16:01:01.732282", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act, or \u201cCommunications Act\u201d). The agency is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to make available for all people of the United States, \u201cwithout discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Nationwide, and worldwide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges.\u201d\nThe FCC operates under a public interest mandate first laid out in the 1927 Radio Act (P.L. 632, 69th Congress), but how this mandate is applied depends on how \u201cthe public interest\u201d is interpreted. Some regulators seek to protect and benefit the public at large through regulation, while others seek to achieve the same goals through the promotion of market efficiency. Additionally, Congress granted the FCC wide latitude and flexibility to revise its interpretation of the public interest standard to reflect changing circumstances and the agency has not defined it in more concrete terms. These circumstances, paired with changes in FCC leadership, have led to significant changes over time in how the FCC regulates the broadcast and telecommunications industries.\nThe FCC is directed by five commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for five-year terms. The President designates one of the commissioners as chairperson. Three commissioners may be members of the same political party of the President and none can have a financial interest in any commission-related business. The current commissioners are Ajit Pai (Chair), Michael O\u2019Rielly, Brendan Carr, Jessica Rosenworcel, and Geoffrey Starks.\nThe day-to-day functions of the FCC are carried out by 7 bureaus and 10 offices. The current basic structure of the FCC was established in 2002 as part of the agency\u2019s effort to better reflect the industries it regulates. The seventh bureau, the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau, was established in 2006. The bureaus process applications for licenses and other filings, manage non-federal spectrum, analyze complaints, conduct investigations, develop and implement regulatory programs, and participate in hearings, among other things. The offices provide support services. Bureaus and offices often collaborate when addressing FCC issues. \nBeginning in the 110th Congress, the FCC has been funded through the House and Senate Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill as a single line item. Previously, it was funded through what is now the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations bill, also as a single line item. Since 2009 the FCC\u2019s budget has been derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency rather than through a direct appropriation. The fees, often referred to as \u201cSection (9) fees,\u201d are collected from license holders and certain other entities. The FCC is authorized to review the regulatory fees each year and adjust them to reflect changes in its appropriation from year to year. Most years, appropriations language prohibits the use by the commission of any excess collections received in the current fiscal year or any prior years. \nFor FY2020, the FCC has requested $335,660,000 in budget authority from regulatory fee offsetting collections. The FCC also requested $132,538,680 in budget authority for the spectrum auctions program.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "25ef049377f35fedbbe36c0b12dba6b5b4566577", "filename": "files/20190418_RL32589_25ef049377f35fedbbe36c0b12dba6b5b4566577.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL32589_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190418_RL32589_images_eb0b58673246a014b1a2f3d1532390bc33f48d59.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "8ba17da6c717de4c60f12a03c2e79071ad5d2824", "filename": "files/20190418_RL32589_8ba17da6c717de4c60f12a03c2e79071ad5d2824.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 583403, "date": "2018-08-01", "retrieved": "2018-08-07T13:39:54.277359", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and worldwide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nSince 2009, the FCC\u2019s entire budget is derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency rather than through a direct appropriation. The fees, often referred to as \u201cSection (9) fees,\u201d are collected from license holders and certain other entities (e.g., cable television systems) and deposited into an FCC account. The law gives the FCC authority to review the regulatory fees and to adjust the fees to reflect changes in its appropriation from year to year. \nThe Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), signed into law in March 2018, provided the FCC a budget of $322,035,000, all collected through regulatory fees. The law also reauthorized the FCC and authorized appropriations of $333,118,000 for FY2019 and $339,610,000 for FY2020.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "f7506d4bf075d6f6c9ca3d3333de805164902d92", "filename": "files/20180801_RL32589_f7506d4bf075d6f6c9ca3d3333de805164902d92.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL32589_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180801_RL32589_images_cfb4e0a20965061de0c78e350f5c87fd9064f294.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "308e1fd737992dcabf5839abbd6f801336ef31e0", "filename": "files/20180801_RL32589_308e1fd737992dcabf5839abbd6f801336ef31e0.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 576866, "date": "2017-12-15", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T11:51:07.190287", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nSince 2009, the FCC\u2019s entire budget is derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency rather than through a direct appropriation. The fees, often referred to as \u201cSection (9) fees,\u201d are collected from license holders and certain other entities (e.g., cable television systems) and deposited into an FCC account. The law gives the FCC authority to review the regulatory fees and to adjust the fees to reflect changes in its appropriation from year to year. For FY2018, the commission requested a budget of $322,035,000, all collected through regulatory fees. This request represents a decrease of $17,809,000 or 5.2% from the FY2017 level of $339,844,000. As part of its request, the FCC requested $111,150,000 in budget authority for the spectrum auctions program, a decrease of $5,850,000 or 5% from the FY2017 level of $117,000,000. The House Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018 (H.R. 3280) as reported on July 17, 2017, would appropriate the amounts requested.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "cef66d4941fc69d7c8f94aa7f820e74d8a0c2487", "filename": "files/20171215_RL32589_cef66d4941fc69d7c8f94aa7f820e74d8a0c2487.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL32589_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171215_RL32589_images_cfb4e0a20965061de0c78e350f5c87fd9064f294.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "2013e6975c29c5161630d199bfb644e7c250ff87", "filename": "files/20171215_RL32589_2013e6975c29c5161630d199bfb644e7c250ff87.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463209, "date": "2017-08-14", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:22:58.022663", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nSince 2009, the FCC\u2019s entire budget is derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency rather than through a direct appropriation. The fees, often referred to as \u201cSection (9) fees,\u201d are collected from license holders and certain other entities (e.g., cable television systems) and deposited into an FCC account. The law gives the FCC authority to review the regulatory fees and to adjust the fees to reflect changes in its appropriation from year to year. For FY2018, the commission requested a budget of $322,035,000, all collected through regulatory fees. This request represents a decrease of $17,809,000 or 5.2% from the FY2017 level of $339,844,000. As part of its request, the FCC requested $111,150,000 in budget authority for the spectrum auctions program, a decrease of $5,850,000 or 5% from the FY2017 level of $117,000,000. The House Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018 (H.R. 3280) as reported on July 17, 2017, would appropriate the amounts requested.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "414ead04c3907e2fdff47207444d95296c646a58", "filename": "files/20170814_RL32589_414ead04c3907e2fdff47207444d95296c646a58.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL32589_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170814_RL32589_images_cfb4e0a20965061de0c78e350f5c87fd9064f294.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "805a8f2c316d939133bda356faab8fae36cdfb6d", "filename": "files/20170814_RL32589_805a8f2c316d939133bda356faab8fae36cdfb6d.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463041, "date": "2017-08-04", "retrieved": "2017-08-16T15:36:58.661705", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nFor FY2018, the commission is requesting a budget of $322,035,000, all collected through regulatory fees. This request represents a decrease of $17,809,000 or 5.2% from the FY2017 level of $339,844,000. Specifically, the FCC requests $111,150,000 in budget authority for the spectrum auctions program, a decrease of $5,850,000 or 5% from the FY2017 level of $117,000,000.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "414ead04c3907e2fdff47207444d95296c646a58", "filename": "files/20170804_RL32589_414ead04c3907e2fdff47207444d95296c646a58.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "805a8f2c316d939133bda356faab8fae36cdfb6d", "filename": "files/20170804_RL32589_805a8f2c316d939133bda356faab8fae36cdfb6d.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462268, "date": "2017-06-26", "retrieved": "2017-07-17T16:40:05.847492", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nFor FY2018, the commission is requesting a budget of $322,035,000, all collected through regulatory fees. This request represents a decrease of $17,809,000 or 5.2% from the FY2017 level of $339,844,000. Specifically, the FCC requests $111,150,000 in budget authority for the spectrum auctions program, a decrease of $5,850,000 or 5% from the FY2017 level of $117,000,000.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "054afa173457a85633c68fa9e6d4071f93f170cd", "filename": "files/20170626_RL32589_054afa173457a85633c68fa9e6d4071f93f170cd.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "912464dced4a92ce16a5a4f617fbd938fee0d31e", "filename": "files/20170626_RL32589_912464dced4a92ce16a5a4f617fbd938fee0d31e.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459932, "date": "2017-03-21", "retrieved": "2017-03-29T20:05:31.725153", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nFor FY2017, the FCC has requested a budget of $358,286,000, all derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency. This request is $25,726,497 less than the FY2016 funding of $384,012,497. Part of the FY2016 budget, $44,168,497, was specifically made available for expenses associated with moving to a new facility or reconfiguring the existing facility space to reduce space consumption and associated budget costs. For FY2017, the FCC requested $16,866,992 for that same purpose.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "57eb2e8cb680d35a10669ad9c36c6ead1d3d4a27", "filename": "files/20170321_RL32589_57eb2e8cb680d35a10669ad9c36c6ead1d3d4a27.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "255b483fccba51f28344ab9590395f83af743129", "filename": "files/20170321_RL32589_255b483fccba51f28344ab9590395f83af743129.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 458956, "date": "2017-01-27", "retrieved": "2017-02-15T21:42:30.217773", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nFor FY2017, the FCC has requested a budget of $358,286,000, all derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency. This request is $25,726,497 less than the FY2016 funding of $384,012,497. Part of the FY2016 budget, $44,168,497, was specifically made available for expenses associated with moving to a new facility or reconfiguring the existing facility space to reduce space consumption and associated budget costs. For FY2017, the FCC requested $16,866,992 for that same purpose.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32589", "sha1": "217af4836639570b531b00db3bfcab78a1021a01", "filename": "files/20170127_RL32589_217af4836639570b531b00db3bfcab78a1021a01.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32589", "sha1": "78ca54529cde3c30b471e7465cfbe8a22ea0d648", "filename": "files/20170127_RL32589_78ca54529cde3c30b471e7465cfbe8a22ea0d648.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 456015, "date": "2016-09-16", "retrieved": "2016-10-17T19:27:21.051193", "title": "The Federal Communications Commission: Current Structure and Its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent federal agency with its five members appointed by the President, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was established by the Communications Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The mission of the FCC is to ensure that the American people have available\u2014at reasonable cost and without discrimination\u2014rapid, efficient, nation- and world-wide communication services, whether by radio, television, wire, satellite, or cable.\nAlthough the FCC has restructured over the past few years to better reflect the industry, it is still required to adhere to the statutory requirements of its governing legislation, the Communications Act of 1934. The 1934 Act requires the FCC to regulate the various industry sectors differently. Some policymakers have been critical of the FCC and the manner in which it regulates various sectors of the telecommunications industry\u2014telephone, cable television, radio and television broadcasting, and some aspects of the Internet. These policymakers, including some in Congress, have long called for varying degrees and types of reform to the FCC. Most proposals fall into two categories: (1) procedural changes made within the FCC or through congressional action that would affect the agency\u2019s operations or (2) substantive policy changes requiring congressional action that would affect how the agency regulates different services and industry sectors. \nFor FY2017, the FCC has requested a budget of $358,286,000, all derived from regulatory fees collected by the agency. This request is $25,726,497 less than the FY2016 funding of $384,012,497. Part of the FY2016 budget, $44,168,497, was specifically made available for expenses associated with moving to a new facility or reconfiguring the existing facility space to reduce space consumption and associated budget costs. 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