{
  "id": "RL32518",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32518",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 315813,
      "date": "2005-02-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:53:15.048029",
      "title": "Removing Terrorist Sanctuaries: The 9/11 Commission Recommendations and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": "The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) \nissued its final report on July 19, 2004. A major recommendation in the report was that the U.S.\ngovernment should identify and prioritize actual or potential terrorist sanctuaries and, for each, to\nemploy a realistic strategy to keep possible terrorists insecure and on the run, using all elements of\nnational power.\n U.S. strategy to combat global terrorism, even prior to 9/11, included efforts to deny sanctuary\nto terrorist groups by isolating and applying pressure on states that sponsor or acquiesce to terrorists\non their territory and by strengthening the counterterrorism capabilities of countries that cooperate\nwith the United States but need help. For years, U.S. officials exerted considerable diplomatic\npressure on the Taliban government to expel Al Qaeda from Afghanistan. The United States also \npressed the government of Pakistan to crack down on terrorist sanctuaries within its own borders and\nto use its influence with its then Taliban ally. These efforts were largely unsuccessful until the 9/11\nattacks caused many governments to change their approach and cooperate more extensively with the\nUnited States in the fight against terrorism. After 9/11, U.S. efforts to deny terrorists sanctuary were\nsubstantially increased worldwide. The  National Strategy for Combating Terrorism ,\nreleased by the\nWhite House on February 14, 2003, placed strong emphasis on closing down terrorist sanctuaries,\nusing all available instruments (military force, law enforcement, diplomacy, economic assistance,\netc.). The strategy report addressed the need to eliminate conditions that produce terrorist\nsanctuaries, especially in failed states.\n The 9/11 Commission identified six primary regions that serve or could serve as terrorist\nsanctuaries. These included Western Pakistan and the Pakistan-Afghanistan border region; southern\nor western Afghanistan; the Arabian Peninsula, especially Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and the nearby\nHorn of Africa, including Somalia and extending southwest into Kenya; Southeast Asia, from\nThailand to the southern Philippines to Indonesia; West Africa, including Nigeria and Mali; and\nEuropean cities with expatriate Muslim communities. In all of these regions, the United States and\nits allies have mounted campaigns to deny safe havens for terrorists. \n A number of bills were introduced in Congress in 2004 to implement the 9/11 Commission\nrecommendations and related measures.  P.L. 108-458 , the National Intelligence Reform Act of\n2004, with language regarding terrorist sanctuaries, was signed into law on December 17, 2004. \nThe 109th Congress is likely to address terrorist sanctuaries in its authorization and appropriations\nlegislation, as well as in its oversight of the global war on terrorism.\n This report analyzes U.S. policies targeting terrorist sanctuaries in countries and regions\nhighlighted in the 9/11 Commission recommendations. It may be updated as developments warrant.",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5795/",
      "id": "RL32518 2004-08-10",
      "date": "2004-08-10",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T01:39:02",
      "title": "Removing Terrorist Sanctuaries: The 9/11 Commission Recommendations and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "State-sponsored terrorism",
          "name": "State-sponsored terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism - Prevention - U.S.",
          "name": "Terrorism - Prevention - U.S."
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International affairs",
          "name": "International affairs"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "African Affairs",
    "Appropriations",
    "Asian Affairs",
    "European Affairs",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "Middle Eastern Affairs"
  ]
}