Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current Funding Trends

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current Funding Trends

Order Code RL32085
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA):
Current Funding Trends
Updated April 11, 2008
Ann Lordeman
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA):
Current Funding Trends
Summary
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the major federal
statute that supports special education and related services for children with
disabilities. This report traces recent funding trends for this program and tracks the
status of actions to “fully fund” the grants-to-states program under Part B of IDEA.
FY2008 total funding for IDEA is nearly $12.0 billion. FY2008 funding for the Part
B grants-to-states program is $10.9 billion. Since FY1995, funding for the Part B
grants to states program has nearly quintupled, although in recent years funding
growth has slowed. Full funding of IDEA is generally considered to be 40% of the
excess cost (i.e., the additional cost) of educating children with disabilities. The
FY2008 amount for the grants-to-states program represents 17.17% of the estimated
excess cost of serving children with disabilities, which is virtually the same percent
as the 17.13% of excess cost that the FY2007 appropriation represented.
The President’s FY2009 budget would increase overall funding for IDEA to
$12.3 billion, with funding for the grants-to-states program increasing to $11.3
billion, an increase of $337 million above the FY2008 appropriation. Because of
projected increases in the estimated cost of special education and in the number of
children with disabilities served, this amount would represent a slight decrease in the
estimated FY2007 excess cost to 17.09%.
This report will be updated as warranted to reflect congressional action on IDEA
appropriations and to incorporate updated data for excess cost calculations.

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Recent Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FY2009 Budget Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Estimated FY2008 and FY2009 State Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
“Full Funding” of IDEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
“Excess” Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Part B Grants-to-States Authorizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Maximum State Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
List of Tables
Table 1. IDEA Appropriations for FY2007 and FY2008 and the
IDEA FY2009 Budget Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Final FY2007, Estimated FY2008, and FY2009 Request
IDEA Part B Grants-to-States Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3. Estimated Percentage of Average Per-Pupil Expenditure
(APPE) for FY1995-FY2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 4. Authorizations for the IDEA Part B Grants-to-States Program
(P.L. 108-446, §611(i)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 5. Estimated FY2008 and FY2009 IDEA Part B Grants-to-States
Allocations Based on Appropriated and Proposed Amounts,
and FY2008 and FY2009 Authorization Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA): Current Funding Trends
Introduction
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the major federal
statute that supports special education and related services for children with
disabilities. As a condition of accepting IDEA funding, the act requires that states
and local educational agencies (LEAs) provide a free appropriate public education
(FAPE) to each eligible child with a disability. The IDEA is divided into four parts.
Part A contains the general provisions, including the purposes of the act and
definitions. Part B, the most often discussed part of the act, contains provisions
relating to the education of school aged (the grants-to-states program) and state grants
program for preschool children with disabilities (Section 619).1 Part C authorizes
state grants for programs serving infants and toddlers with disabilities, while Part D
contains the requirements for various national activities designed to improve the
education of children with disabilities. Part B is permanently authorized. Parts C
and D are authorized through FY2011.2 P. L. 108-446 made significant changes to
IDEA, most of which went into effect on July 1, 2005.3
Recent Funding Trends4
In FY2008, IDEA funding for grants to states is nearly five times more than it
was in FY1995 — increasing from $2.3 billion to $10.9 billion — although in recent
years, funding growth has slowed. FY2008 funding for the Part B grants to states
contained in the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2008 (P.L.110-161)
increased by $165 million, or 1.5% over the FY2007 level. (See Table 1.)
1 Part B includes the funding formulas, provisions relating to evaluations, eligibility
determinations, individual educational programs (IEPs), and educational placements. It also
contains detailed requirements for procedural safeguards as well as withholding of funds and
judicial review.
2 IDEA authorizes appropriations for Parts C and D programs and activities through
FY2010. These authorities were automatically extended for an additional fiscal year by the
General Education Provisions Act (GEPA — 20 U.S.C. §1226a).
3 For further information, see CRS Report RL32716, Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA): Analysis of Changes Made by P.L. 108-446, by Richard N. Apling and Nancy
Lee Jones. (Hereafter cited as CRS Report RL32716.)
4 All dollar figures are in current dollars; no price-level adjustments have been applied.

CRS-2
Under P. L. 110-161, funding for the preschool program is decreased by nearly
$7 million or is 1.75% less than the FY2007 level. The Part C infant and toddlers
program is decreased by approximately $0.7 million or is 0.2% less than the FY2007
level. Funding for the Part D national programs is increased by about $21.9 million
or 11%. This increase is a result of restoring some of the FY2006 funding for state
personnel development, which was not funded in FY2007. State personnel
development was funded at $50.5 million in FY2006 and $22.6 million in FY2008.5
FY2009 Budget Request
Table 1 compares the FY2008 appropriations for IDEA with the President’s
FY2009 budget request. Overall funding for IDEA would increase by 3% under the
President’s budget, from $11.98 billion to $12.34 billion. Almost all of this increase
would fund the 3% increase in the Part B grants-to-states program, which would
increase by $337 million over the FY2008 amount. Part B preschool state grants and
Part C infants and toddlers grants would be level funded. Total funding for Part D
(national programs and activities) would increase by $17.1 million, or 7.6%. The
increase would be directed to state personnel development. According to the
Department of Education, the FY2008 appropriation does not include sufficient funds
“to cover the 2008 continuation awards or provide new funding for the 6 States with
projects expiring on September 30, 2008.”6 The FY2009 request of $48.0 million for
state personnel development would pay for these costs.
In addition to state grants, funding for the Part B grants-to-states program contains
set-asides for the outlying areas,7 for the freely associated states,8 and for children with
disabilities served in Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The Secretary is also
authorized to reserve up to $25 million9 of Part B appropriations for technical
assistance for the states (P.L. 108-446, §611(c)) related to state requirements for data
collection and analysis under §616(i). For FY2007 and FY2008, the Secretary
reserved $15 million from the Part B grants to states appropriation for this purpose.
The President proposes reserving $15 million for FY2009.
5 Both the House Appropriations Committee report (H.Rept. 109-515) and the Senate
Appropriations Committee report (S.Rept. 109-287) indicated that no funding was
recommended for FY2007 for state personnel development because funding from FY2006
was still available for this purpose (p. 199). The FY2006 funding level was$50.5 million.
6 U.S. Department of Education, Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Summary. p. 41.
7 The outlying areas are defined as “the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American
Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” (P.L. 108-446, §602(22)).
8 The freely associated states are: the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States
of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau (P.L. 108-446, §611(b)(1)(C)).
9 This maximum is to be adjusted each year by the rate of inflation.

CRS-3
Table 1. IDEA Appropriations for FY2007 and FY2008 and
the IDEA FY2009 Budget Request
(in thousands of dollars)
% Change
% Change
IDEA
(FY2007-
FY2009
(FY2008-
Program/Activity
FY2007
FY2008
FY2008)
Request
FY2009)
Part B
10,782,961
10,947,511
1.53%
11,284,511
3.08%
grants to states
Part B
preschool grants
380,751
374,099
-1.75%
374,099
0.00%
(Section 619)
Subtotal, Part B
11,163,712
11,321,611
1.41%
11,658,610
2.98%
Part C
infants and
436,400
435,654
-0.17%
435,654
0.00%
toddlers grants
Subtotal, state
11,600,112
11,757,264
1.35%
12,094,264
2.87%
grants
Part D (total)
202,755
224,629
10.79%
241,679
7.59%
Total, IDEAa
11,802,867
11,981,893
1.52%
12,335,943
2.95%
Source: U.S. Department of Education (ED) Budget Service spreadsheets and P.L. 110-161.
Note: Totals may differ slightly due to rounding. All dollar figures are in current dollars; no price-
level adjustments have been applied.
a. The total amount appropriated for FY2008 does not include approximately $11.8 million for the
Special Olympics education program appropriated under the authority of the Special Olympics
Sport and Empowerment Act (P.L. 108-406).
Estimated FY2008 and FY2009 State Grants
Table 2 shows estimated Part B grants-to-states allocations based on the
FY2007 and FY2008 appropriations and on the FY2009 request. The FY2008
estimates are compared to states’ FY2007 grants. The FY2009 estimates are
compared to the FY2008 estimates. Increases in FY2008 estimated grants range
from 1.37% to 3.03%. The interaction of IDEA formula provisions accounts for the
smallest states receiving percentage increases that are nearly twice the percentage
increases of most other states. The formula requires (at the proposed level of the
FY2007 increase) that no state receive less than a% of the overall increase in
funding since FY1999 or 90% of the percentage increase of total IDEA Part B grants-
to-states appropriations over the previous year, whichever amount is greater. In
addition, no state may receive a grant that is more than the overall annual growth rate
in appropriations plus 1.5 percentage points. The minimum grant for the eight
smallest states is the a% of appropriations growth since FY1999; however, for six
of these states, this would be more than the overall annual growth plus 1.5 percentage
points. So these six states receive the latter percentage increase (1.53% + 1.5% =
3.03%). Most other states receive the other minimum growth rate of 90% of the
annual growth in total appropriations (0.1.53 times 90% = 1.37%). FY2009
estimated increased range from 277% to 4.58%. For both FY2008 and FY2009, the
total amount for set-asides represents inflationary increases for Bureau of Indian

CRS-4
Affairs (BIA) schools, outlying areas, and the freely associated states,10 and level
funding for technical assistance to the states.
Table 2. Final FY2007, Estimated FY2008, and FY2009 Request
IDEA Part B Grants-to-States Allocations
(dollars rounded to nearest $000)
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
% Change
FY2009 Grants % Change
from
(Based on
from
FY2008 to
Final FY2007
Estimated
FY2009
FY2007 to
FY2009
State
Grants FY2008 Grants
Request)
FY2008
Request
Alabama
170,486,000
172,827,000
177,615,000
1.37%
2.77%
Alaska
33,552,000
34,370,000
35,493,000
2.44%
3.27%
Arizona
167,830,000
172,909,000
180,825,000
3.03%
4.58%
Arkansas
105,159,000
106,603,000
109,557,000
1.37%
2.77%
California
1,150,176,000
1,165,973,000
1,198,276,000
1.37%
2.77%
Colorado
142,142,000
144,726,000
151,248,000
1.92%
4.51%
Connecticut
124,652,000
126,364,000
129,865,000
1.37%
2.77%
Delaware
30,750,000
31,680,000
33,131,000
3.03%
4.58%
District of
Columbia
15,461,000
15,929,000
16,658,000
3.03%
4.58%
Florida
593,036,000
598,437,000
615,017,000
1.37%
2.77%
Georgia
295,043,000
303,971,000
317,888,000
3.03%
4.58%
Hawaii
37,427,000
37,941,000
38,992,000
1.37%
2.77%
Idaho
50,887,000
51,586,000
53,016,000
1.37%
2.77%
Illinois
474,790,000
481,311,000
494,646,000
1.37%
2.77%
Indiana
239,750,000
243,042,000
249,776,000
1.37%
2.77%
Iowa
114,456,000
116,028,000
119,242,000
1.37%
2.77%
Kansas
100,185,000
101,561,000
104,375,000
1.37%
2.77%
Kentucky
147,980,000
150,013,000
154,169,000
1.37%
2.77%
Louisiana
177,474,000
179,912,000
184,896,000
1.37%
2.77%
Maine
51,300,000
52,005,000
53,445,000
1.37%
2.77%
Maryland
187,713,000
190,291,000
195,563,000
1.37%
2.77%
Massachusetts
266,132,000
269,787,000
277,261,000
1.37%
2.77%
Michigan
375,542,000
380,700,000
391,247,000
1.37%
2.77%
Minnesota
177,961,000
180,405,000
185,404,000
1.37%
2.77%
Mississippi
111,568,000
113,101,000
116,234,000
1.37%
2.77%
Missouri
212,961,000
215,886,000
221,867,000
1.37%
2.77%
10 The recent practice of the U.S. Department of Education (ED) has been to increase
funding for outlying areas and the freely associated states by the rate of inflation. Recent
appropriations language (including language in the act making appropriations for the
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education and Related Agencies
for FY2006, P.L. 109-149) limits increases in BIA funding under IDEA to the rate of
inflation, unless that amount would be greater than an amount based on the percentage
increase in funds provided under §611(i).

CRS-5
Estimated
Estimated
Estimated
% Change
FY2009 Grants % Change
from
(Based on
from
FY2008 to
Final FY2007
Estimated
FY2009
FY2007 to
FY2009
State
Grants FY2008 Grants
Request)
FY2008
Request
Montana
34,572,000
35,120,000
36,244,000
1.59%
3.20%
Nebraska
70,005,000
70,966,000
72,932,000
1.37%
2.77%
Nevada
63,116,000
65,026,000
68,003,000
3.03%
4.58%
New
Hampshire
44,492,000
45,103,000
46,352,000
1.37%
2.77%
New Jersey
338,874,000
343,582,000
353,045,000
1.37%
2.77%
New Mexico
85,445,000
86,618,000
89,018,000
1.37%
2.77%
New York
711,692,000
721,466,000
741,454,000
1.37%
2.77%
North Carolina
294,557,000
304,552,000
317,915,000
2.13%
4.39%
North Dakota
24,969,000
25,724,000
26,902,000
3.03%
4.58%
Ohio
410,348,000
415,983,000
427,508,000
1.37%
2.77%
Oklahoma
138,669,000
140,574,000
144,469,000
1.37%
2.77%
Oregon
120,909,000
122,570,000
125,966,000
1.37%
2.77%
Pennsylvania
400,450,000
405,950,000
417,197,000
1.37%
2.77%
Puerto Rico
102,591,000
105,695,000
110,534,000
3.03%
4.58%
Rhode Island
40,998,000
41,561,000
42,712,000
1.37%
2.77%
South Carolina
164,211,000
166,466,000
171,078,000
1.37%
2.77%
South Dakota
29,744,000
30,644,000
32,047,000
3.03%
4.58%
Tennessee
218,639,000
221,642,000
227,782,000
1.37%
2.77%
Texas
904,579,000
916,138,000
952,229,000
1.37%
3.94%
Utah
99,999,000
101,664,000
106,147,000
1.61%
4.41%
Vermont
24,075,000
24,803,000
25,939,000
3.03%
4.58%
Virginia
264,057,000
267,684,000
275,100,000
1.37%
2.77%
Washington
207,507,000
210,357,000
216,185,000
1.37%
2.77%
West Virginia
71,200,000
72,178,000
74,177,000
1.37%
2.77%
Wisconsin
195,173,000
197,854,000
203,335,000
1.37%
2.77%
Wyoming
25,257,000
26,021,000
27,212,000
3.03%
4.58%
Subtotals to
states
10,640,540,000
10,803,246,000
11,137,190,000
1.55%
3.09%
Total set-
asides
142,421,000
144,265,500
147,321,000
1.29%
2.12%
Totals
10,782,961,000
10,947,512,000
11,284,511,000
1.53%
3.08%
Source: CRS calculations based on data obtained from the U.S. Department of Education (ED)
Budget Service.
Note: Totals may differ slightly due to rounding. FY2008 and FY2009 grants are estimates only and
do not necessarily represent amounts states and other entities will eventually receive. These amounts
are provided for the purpose of policy discussion only.

CRS-6
“Full Funding” of IDEA
Actual and proposed Part B grants-to-states funding and state grant amounts are
often discussed in terms of: (1)”excess “costs, (2) authorization levels of funding, and
(3) maximum state grants. Each of these measures, discussed below, can be an
indicator of the “full funding” of IDEA.
“Excess” Costs
When Congress enacted the predecessor legislation to IDEA11 in 1975, the
available estimate of the cost of educating children with disabilities was, on average,
twice the cost of educating other children. A determination was made that the federal
government would pay some proportion of this additional or “excess” cost. The
metric for determining this excess cost was the national average per-pupil
expenditure (APPE). The final determination was that the federal government would
pay up to 40% of this excess cost.12 Although appropriations for IDEA Part B grants
to states have increased significantly over the last decade, funding still falls short of
the amount that would be necessary to provide 40% of APPE (i.e., 40% of excess
cost), one measure of IDEA “full funding.”
Table 3 shows estimated percentages of excess cost since FY1995. This
percentage, shown in column six, is obtained by dividing the dollars available per
child with a disability (column 4) by the APPE (column five). The amount available
per child with a disability was obtained by dividing the appropriation for the Part B
grants-to-states-program (column 2) by the number of children with disabilities
(column 3).13 The FY2008 appropriated amount accounts for 17.2% of the estimated
excess cost, and the FY2009 budget request would account for 17.1% of estimated
excess cost. For FY2008, the estimated amount needed to reach 40% of Average
Per-Pupil Expenditure (APPE) is $25.5 billion, the product of 40% of the number of
children with disabilities and the APPE. The FY2008 appropriation of $10.9 billion
is well below this amount.
11 Federal special education legislation existed prior to 1975 — most notably the Education
of the Handicapped Act (EHA). P.L. 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children
Act of 1975) substantially amended the EHA, creating the essential structure and principles
of federal assistance to special education that are still reflected in current law. In 1990, the
name of the act was changed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act by P.L. 101-
476. Congress made extensive amendments to IDEA in 1997 (P.L. 105-17) and again in
2004 (P.L. 108-446); however the basic characteristics of the act resemble those first
enacted in 1975.
12 “In 1975, when the Act was originally enacted, Congress established the goal of providing
up to 40 percent of the national average per pupil expenditure to assist States and local
educational agencies with the excess costs of educating students with disabilities.” H.Rept.
108-77, p. 93.
13 Beginning in FY1999, certain amounts have been excluded from appropriations for the
purposes of calculating percentages of APPE. From FY1999 to FY2004, these amounts
were designated for evaluations and studies. For FY2005 and succeeding fiscal years, these
amounts are designated for technical assistance to the states.

CRS-7
Note that any increase in appropriations does not necessarily mean an increase
in the percentage of APPE. For example, the FY2007 appropriation increase by $200
million over the FY2006 amount, yet the percentage of APPE declined from 17.7%
to 17.1%. This resulted because the growth rates of the number of children with
disabilities and of APPE were greater than the growth rate in appropriations.
Table 3. Estimated Percentage
of Average Per-Pupil Expenditure (APPE) for FY1995-FY2009
Dollars per Child
Appropriations
as Percentage of
for IDEA
Number of
Average
APPE
Part B grants Children with
Dollars per
per-Pupil
(estimated
to states
Disabilities Child with a
Expenditure
percentage of
FY
(in $000)
(in 000)
Disability
(APPE)
excess cost)
(column 1)
(column 2)
(column 3)
(column 4)
(column 5)
(column 6)
1995
2,322,915
5,467
425
5,429
7.8%
1996
2,323,837
5,629
413
5,640
7.3%
1997
3,107,522
5,806
535
5,796
9.2%
1998
3,801,000
5,978
636
6,046
10.5%
1999
4,301,000
6,133
701
6,296
11.1%
2000
4,976,685
6,274
793
6,631
12.0%
2001
6,323,685
6,381
991
7,006
14.1%
2002
7,512,533
6,483
1,159
7,499
15.5%
2003
8,858,398
6,611
1,340
7,839
17.1%
2004
10,052,106
6,723
1,495
8,148
18.4%
2005
10,579,746
6,820
1,551
8,400
18.5%
2006
10,567,961
6,814
1,551
8,786
17.7%
2007
10,767,961
6,796
1,584
9,249
17.1%
2008 Est.
10,932,511
6,796
1,609
9,370
17.2%
2009 Req.
11,269,511
6,796
1,658
9,701
17.1%
Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service (CRS) from U.S. Department of
Education (ED) data.
Note: FY1999-FY2004 funds exclude amounts for studies and evaluations; FY2005 through FY2009
funds exclude amounts for technical assistance. Estimates of “full funding” percentages of APPE will
change for any fiscal year for which ED revises data to calculate these estimates.

CRS-8
Part B Grants-to-States Authorizations
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 108-446, IDEA authorized “such sums as may be
necessary” for the Part B grants-to-states program. The 2004 reauthorization of
IDEA added specific authorization levels for FY2005 to FY2011. The authorization
levels were intended to provide a path to “full funding” by FY2011.14 Table 4 lists
these authorized amounts.
Table 4. Authorizations for the IDEA Part B Grants-to-States
Program (P.L. 108-446, §611(i))
Fiscal Year
Authorization
2005
12,358,376,571
2006
14,648,647,143
2007
16,938,917,714
2008
19,229,188,286
2009
21,519,458,857
2010
23,809,729,429
2011
26,100,000,000
2012 and subsequent years
such sums as may be necessary
Table 5 compares estimated FY2008 Part B grants-to-states allocations (column
2) with estimated allocations based on the FY2008 authorization level for the
program (column 3) and estimated FY2009 allocations based on the President’s
budget request (column 5) with those based on the FY2009 authorization (column
6). Table 5 also shows the estimated percent increase each state would receive if the
authorized amounts for FY2008 and FY2009 were the amounts that were
appropriated (columns 4 and 7, respectively). In general, states would receive on
average approximately 77% more for FY2008 than they would based on the FY2008
appropriation, and approximately 92% more for FY2009 than they would under the
FY2009 budget request.
14 The House report noted that the House bill (H.R. 1350) “has established a clear and
genuine pattern to reach the 40 percent goal within the next seven years.” (H.Rept. 108-77,
p. 93). The Senate bill (S. 1248) contained a similar authorization pattern.

CRS-9
Table 5. Estimated FY2008 and FY2009 IDEA Part B
Grants-to-States Allocations Based on
Appropriated and Proposed Amounts,
and FY2008 and FY2009 Authorization Levels
Estimated %
Estimated %
Change
Change
Between
Between
Grants Based
Grants Based
on
Estimated
on
Estimated
Estimated Appropriation FY2009 Grants
Estimated Appropriation
FY2008 Grants FY2008 Grants
and Grants
(Based on FY2009 Grants
and Grants
Based on
Based on
Based on
President’s
Based on
Based on
State
Appropriation
Authorization
Authorization
Request)
Authorization
Authorization
(column 1)
(column 2)
(column 3)
(column 4)
(column 5)
(column 6)
(column 7)
Alabama
172,827,000
306,583,000
77.4%
177,615,000
342,318,000
92.7%
Alaska
34,370,000
60,336,000
75.5%
35,493,000
68,077,000
91.8%
Arizona
172,909,000
301,808,000
74.5%
180,825,000
342,479,000
89.4%
Arkansas
106,603,000
188,242,000
76.6%
109,557,000
211,149,000
92.7%
California
1,165,973,000
2,068,354,000
77.4%
1,198,276,000
2,309,435,000
92.7%
Colorado
144,726,000
255,347,000
76.4%
151,248,000
286,658,000
89.5%
Connecticut
126,364,000
220,421,000
74.4%
129,865,000
250,288,000
92.7%
Delaware
31,680,000
55,298,000
74.5%
33,131,000
62,749,000
89.4%
District of
Columbia
15,929,000
27,804,000
74.5%
16,658,000
31,551,000
89.4%
Florida
598,437,000
1,061,586,00
77.4%
615,017,000
1,185,321,000
92.7%
Georgia
303,971,000
530,574,000
74.5%
317,888,000
602,074,000
89.4%
Hawaii
37,941,000
67,305,000
77.4%
38,992,000
75,150,000
92.7%
Idaho
51,586,000
91,511,000
77.4%
53,016,000
102,177,000
92.7%
Illinois
481,311,000
853,812,000
77.4%
494,646,000
953,330,000
92.7%
Indiana
243,042,000
431,140,000
77.4%
249,776,000
481,393,000
92.7%
Iowa
116,028,000
202,392,000
74.4%
119,242,000
228,042,000
91.2%
Kansas
101,561,000
180,162,000
77.4%
104,375,000
201,161,000
92.7%
Kentucky
150,013,000
266,112,000
77.4%
154,169,000
297,129,000
92.7%
Louisiana
179,912,000
319,151,000
77.4%
184,896,000
356,350,000
92.7%
Maine
52,005,000
90,714,000
74.4%
53,445,000
101,445,000
89.8%
Maryland
190,291,000
337,563,000
77.4%
195,563,000
376,908,000
92.7%
Massachusetts
269,787,000
470,599,000
74.4%
277,261,000
526,272,000
89.8%
Michigan
380,700,000
675,336,000
77.4%
391,247,000
754,051,000
92.7%
Minnesota
180,405,000
320,027,000
77.4%
185,404,000
357,328,000
92.7%
Mississippi
113,101,000
200,633,000
77.4%
116,234,000
224,018,000
92.7%
Missouri
215,886,000
382,967,000
77.4%
221,867,000
427,604,000
92.7%
Montana
35,120,000
62,170,000
77.0%
36,244,000
69,563,000
91.9%
Nebraska
70,966,000
123,789,000
74.4%
72,932,000
139,919,000
91.8%
Nevada
65,026,000
113,501,000
74.5%
68,003,000
128,796,000
89.4%
New Hampshire
45,103,000
78,674,000
74.4%
46,352,000
89,335,000
92.7%
New Jersey
343,582,000
599,228,000
74.4%
353,045,000
670,118,000
89.8%
New Mexico
86,618,000
153,654,000
77.4%
89,018,000
171,564,000
92.7%
New York
721,466,000
1,265,905,000
75.5%
741,454,000
1,429,004,000
92.7%

CRS-10
Estimated %
Estimated %
Change
Change
Between
Between
Grants Based
Grants Based
on
Estimated
on
Estimated
Estimated Appropriation FY2009 Grants
Estimated Appropriation
FY2008 Grants FY2008 Grants
and Grants
(Based on FY2009 Grants
and Grants
Based on
Based on
Based on
President’s
Based on
Based on
State
Appropriation
Authorization
Authorization
Request)
Authorization
Authorization
(column 1)
(column 2)
(column 3)
(column 4)
(column 5)
(column 6)
(column 7)
North Carolina
304,552,000
536,266,000
76.1%
317,915,000
603,224,000
89.7%
North Dakota
25,724,000
44,901,000
74.5%
26,902,000
50,952,000
89.4%
Ohio
415,983,000
737,925,000
77.4%
427,508,000
823,936,000
92.7%
Oklahoma
140,574,000
249,368,000
77.4%
144,469,000
278,434,000
92.7%
Oregon
122,570,000
217,431,000
77.4%
125,966,000
242,774,000
92.7%
Pennsylvania
405,950,000
720,127,000
77.4%
417,197,000
804,063,000
92.7%
Puerto Rico
105,695,000
184,489,000
74.5%
110,534,000
209,350,000
89.4%
Rhode Island
41,561,000
72,496,000
74.4%
42,712,000
81,073,000
89.8%
South Carolina
166,466,000
295,300,000
77.4%
171,078,000
329,719,000
92.7%
South Dakota
30,644,000
53,489,000
74.5%
32,047,000
60,697,000
89.4%
Tennessee
221,642,000
393,177,000
77.4%
227,782,000
439,005,000
92.7%
Texas
916,138,000
1,625,166,000
77.4%
952,229,000
1,814,590,000
90.6%
Utah
101,664,000
179,928,000
77.0%
106,147,000
201,366,000
89.7%
Vermont
24,803,000
43,293,000
74.5%
25,939,000
49,127,000
89.4%
Virginia
267,684,000
474,853,000
77.4%
275,100,000
530,200,000
92.7%
Washington
210,357,000
373,159,000
77.4%
216,185,000
416,654,000
92.7%
West Virginia
72,178,000
125,902,000 74.4%
74,177,000
140,797,000
89.8%
Wisconsin
197,854,000
349,538,000
76.7%
203,335,000
391,888,000
92.7%
Wyoming
26,021,000
45,419,000
74.5%
27,212,000
51,539,000
89.4%
Subtotals to
states
10,803,246,000 19,084,923,000
76.7%
11,137,190,000 21,372,138,000
91.9%
Total set-asides
144,265,000
144,265,000
0.0%
147,321,000
147,321,00
0.0%
Totals
10,947,512,000 19,229,188,000
75.6%
11,284,511,000 21,519,459,000
90.7%
Source: CRS calculations based on data obtained from the U.S. Department of Education (ED) Budget Service.
Note: Totals may differ slightly due to rounding. State grants are estimates only and do not necessarily represent amounts states
and other entities will eventually receive. These amounts are provided for the purpose of policy discussion only.

CRS-11
Maximum State Grants
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 108-446, the maximum amount states could
receive under the Part B grants-to-states program was based on 40% of the national
average per pupil expenditure (APPE) times the number of children with disabilities
the state serves.15 The sum of these maximum grants is a third measure of IDEA
“full funding.” P.L.108-446 maintained this maximum-grant calculation through
FY2006. Thereafter, the maximum grant is 40% of APPE times the number of
children with disabilities the state served in school year 2004-2005 adjusted by the
annual rates of change in the state’s population in the age range comparable to ages
for which the state provides education for children with disabilities16 (85% of the
adjustment) and in the state’s children living in poverty in the same age range (15%
of the adjustment). Since it is not clear what sources of data or the methodology the
Department of Education would use to determine state maximum grants, it is not
possible to estimate them for this report.
15 P.L. 105-17 §611(a)(2).
16 For most states this age range is 3 to 20 or 3 to 21.