{
  "id": "RL31487",
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      "id": 349273,
      "date": "2007-01-09",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T18:34:00.979029",
      "title": "Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act",
      "summary": "Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I-A grants are used to provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other pupils attending schools with relatively high concentrations of pupils from low-income families. Title I-A has detailed provisions regarding pupil assessment, program improvement, allocation of funds, school selection, fiscal accountability, and parental involvement, but very few constraints on such matters as the specific resources for which funds are used.\nThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, P.L. 107-110, builds upon Title I-A provisions adopted in 1994 that required participating states to adopt curriculum content and pupil performance standards, and assessments linked to these, at three grade levels in reading and mathematics; initiated steps toward identifying low-performing schools and LEAs; attempted to increase targeting of funds on high-poverty LEAs and schools; and increased flexibility.\nHighlights of the Title I-A provisions of P.L. 107-110 include the following: (1) participating states are required to implement standards-based assessments for pupils in each of grades 3-8 in reading and mathematics by the end of the 2005-2006 school year, and to implement assessments at three grade levels in science by the 2007-2008 school year; (2) states receiving Title I-A funds are required to participate in National Assessment of Educational Progress tests in 4th and 8th grade reading and mathematics every two years; (3) adequate yearly progress (AYP) standards, with a goal of all pupils reaching a proficient or advanced level of achievement on state assessments within 12 years, must be developed by states and applied to each public school, LEA, and state; (4) pupils at schools participating in Title I-A that fail to meet AYP for two consecutive years must be offered public school choice options, and if a Title I-A school fails to meet AYP for a third year, pupils from low-income families must be offered the opportunity to receive instruction from a supplemental services provider of their choice; (5) \u201ccorrective actions\u201d must be taken with respect to Title I-A schools that fail to meet AYP for a fourth year, and those that fail for a fifth year must be \u201crestructured\u201d; (6) Title I-A allocation formulas are modified to increase targeting on high-poverty states and LEAs under the Education Finance Incentive Grant formula, move Puerto Rico gradually toward parity with the states, and increase state minimum grants; (7) states must ensure that all of their teachers in core subject areas are \u201chighly qualified,\u201d and that all paraprofessionals paid with Title I-A funds have completed at least two years of higher education or met a \u201crigorous standard of quality\u201d by the end of the 2005-2006 school year; and (8) the authorization level for Title I-A is specified for each year, rising to $25 billion for FY2007. ESEA programs are authorized through FY2008, and it is generally assumed that the 110th Congress will actively consider legislation to amend and extend the ESEA. This report will not be updated.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821196/",
      "id": "RL31487_2006Feb10",
      "date": "2006-02-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815886/",
      "id": "RL31487_2005Apr13",
      "date": "2005-04-13",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act",
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      "type": "CRS Report",
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    {
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6120/",
      "id": "RL31487 2004-10-28",
      "date": "2004-10-28",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T19:26:32",
      "title": "Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title 1-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act",
      "summary": "Title I, Part A, of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) authorizes federal aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children. Title I-A grants provide supplementary educational and related services to low-achieving and other pupils attending schools with relatively high concentrations of pupils from low-income families in pre-kindergarten through grade 12. Title I-A is the largest federal elementary and secondary education assistance program, with services provided to (a) over 90% of all LEAs; (b) approximately 45,000 (58% of all) public schools; and (c) approximately 11 million (22% of all) pupils, including approximately 167,000 pupils attending private schools. Four-fifths of all pupils served are in pre-kindergarten through grade 6, while only 5% of pupils served are in grades 10-12.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Children",
          "name": "Children"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Education of disadvantaged children - Law and legislation",
          "name": "Education of disadvantaged children - Law and legislation"
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          "id": "Elementary and secondary education",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc824617/",
      "id": "RL31487_2004Apr06",
      "date": "2004-04-06",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-04T14:48:17",
      "title": "Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act",
      "summary": "This report provides an overview of aspects of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title I-A which were substantially amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLBA); elements of the program which are important but which were not substantially revised by the NCLBA (such as parental involvement requirements) are not discussed in this report.",
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          "id": "Education",
          "name": "Education"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Elementary and secondary education",
          "name": "Elementary and secondary education"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Education of the disadvantaged",
          "name": "Education of the disadvantaged"
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  "topics": [
    "Education Policy"
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}