Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002

Order Code RL31346
Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
in Executive Departments During the 107th
Congress, 2001-2002
Updated February 10, 2003
-name redacted-
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in
Executive Departments During the 107th Congress,
2001-2002
Summary
During the 107th Congress, 354 nominations to executive department full-time
positions were submitted to the Senate. Of these nominations, seven were submitted
by President Clinton before he left office and were withdrawn by President Bush on
March 19, 2001. President Bush submitted 347 nominations, of which 297 were
confirmed, two were withdrawn, 35 were returned to him at the August 2001 recess,
one was returned to him at the adjournment of the first session, and 12 were returned
to him at the end of the 107th Congress.
President Clinton made eight recess appointments during the intersession
between the 106th and 107th Congresses, all of which expired at the end of the first
session of the 107th Congress. President Bush made three intersession recess
appointments to the departments, each of which expired at the end of the 107th
Congress. He made four intrasession recess appointments to the departments during
the second session of the 107th Congress, each of which expire at the end of the first
session of the 108th Congress.
Information for this report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations
database of the Legislative Information System [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/],
the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, and telephone discussions with agency officials.
Related information may be found in CRS Report RL30910, Presidential
Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
Commissions, 107th Congress, by (name redacted) and CRS Report RL31435,
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other
Agencies During the 107th Congress, by (name redacted).
This report will be not be updated.

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Appointments During the 107th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Length of Time to Confirm a Nomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Appointment Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Selection and Nomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Recess Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Temporary Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Organization of this Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Executive Department Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Additional Appointment Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Department of Agriculture (USDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Department of Commerce (DOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Department of Defense (DOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Department of Education (ED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Department of Energy (DOE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Department of the Interior (DOI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Department of Justice (DOJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Department of Labor (DOL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Department of State (DOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Department of Transportation (DOT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Department of the Treasury (TREA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Appendix A. Nominations and Recess Appointments, 107th Congress . . . . . . . . 44
Appendix B. Appointment Action, 107th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Appendix C. Senate Recessesa for the 107th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Appendix D. Abbreviations of Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions in Executive Departments
During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002
Introduction1
This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the
President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate. It also
specifies, for the 107th Congress, all nominations to full-time positions2 in the 14
executive departments.3 A profile of each department tracks the department’s
nominations, providing information on Senate activity (i.e., confirmations, rejections,
returns to the President, and elapsed time between nomination and confirmation) as
well as further related presidential activity (i.e., withdrawals and recess
appointments). The profiles also identify, for each department, positions requiring
Senate confirmation, the incumbents in those positions, dates they were confirmed,
dates their terms expire, if applicable, and pay levels.
Appointments During the 107th Congress
During the 107th Congress, 354 nominations to executive department full-time
positions were submitted to the Senate. Of these nominations, seven were submitted
by President Clinton before he left office and were withdrawn by President Bush on
March 19, 2001. President Bush submitted 347 nominations, of which 297 were
confirmed, two were withdrawn, 35 were returned to him at the August 2001 recess,
one was returned to him at the adjournment of the first session, and 12 were returned
to him at the adjournment of the second session.
1This report was built on research by (name redacted) and (name redacted). Significant
portions of the text presented here were written by Dr. Garcia for earlier versions of this
report.
2Full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation are included. Exceptions are U.S.
attorney and U.S. marshal positions in the Department of Justice; Foreign Service and
diplomatic positions in the Department of State; officer corps positions in the civilian
uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the
Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and
Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services.
3This report does not discuss the new Department of Homeland Security, which is scheduled
to come in existence during the 108th Congress. For more information on appointments to
the new department, see CRS Report RL31492, Homeland Security: Management Positions
for the New Department, by (name redacted) and CRS Report RL31677, Filling
Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions in the Department of Homeland
Security, by (name redacted).

CRS-2
President Clinton made eight recess appointments to executive departments
during the intersession between the 106th and 107th Congresses, all of which expired
at the end of the first session. Between the first and second sessions of the 107th
Congress, President Bush made three recess appointments to executive departments,
each of which expired at the end of the 107th Congress. He made four recess
appointments to the departments during recesses within the second session of the
107th Congress, each of which expire at the end of the first session of the 108th
Congress. Table 1 summarizes this appointment activity.
Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action in the
107th Congress
Total positions
337
Positions held by incumbents from a previous administration
22
Nominations submitted to the Senate
354
Nominations confirmed by the Senate
297
Individual nominees
307
Nominations returned at the August 2001 recess
35
Nominations returned at the adjournment of the Senate, December 20, 2001
1
Nominations returned at the adjournment of the Senate, November 20, 2002
12
Nominations submitted by Clinton, withdrawn by Bush
7
Nominations submitted and withdrawn by Bush
2
Intersession recess appointments between 106th and 107th Congresses (Clinton)
8
Intrasession recess appointments during the 107th Congress, 1st session
0
Intersession recess appointments between first and second sessions of 107th Congress
3
Intrasession recess appointments during the 107th Congress, 2nd session
4
Length of Time to Confirm a Nomination
The length of time a given nomination may be pending in the Senate varies
widely. Some nominations are confirmed within a few days, others may not be
confirmed for several months, and some are never confirmed. This report provides,
for each executive department nomination that was confirmed in the 107th Congress,
the number of days between nomination and confirmation (“days to confirm”). Some
Senate recess days are not included in this sum because Senators are unable to take
up nominations on these days. For practical reasons, only days from the longer
recesses around August and between congressional sessions are excluded. These
recesses are often longer than 30 days. This cutoff point is suggested by the Senate
rules, which provide that “if the Senate shall adjourn or take recess for more than
thirty days, all nominations pending and not finally acted upon” shall be returned to
the President, although this rule is often waived.4 The 32 days during the August
2002 recess and the 33 days between the first and second sessions of the 107th
Congress were subtracted from the “days to confirm” for those nominations that
spanned one or both recesses. No days were subtracted for the August 2001 recess,
4U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, 106th
Cong., 1st sess., S.Doc. 106-1 (Washington: GPO, 1999), p. 55, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.

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because, as discussed below, all pending nominations were returned prior to that
recess.
An accurate calculation of the average time the Senate took to confirm a
nomination in the 107th Congress is made more challenging by an unusual
characteristic of the session. As just noted, the Senate rules provide that all pending
nominations are to be returned to the President at the beginning of recesses of 30
days or more. Usually the Senate agrees, by unanimous consent, to waive this rule
and retain pending nominations over their recesses. Prior to the 31-day August 2001
recess, however, the Senate did not reach such an agreement, and 162 pending
nominations, 35 of which are among those covered by this report, were returned to
the President.5 The President sent forward some of these nominees again after the
recess. Those nominations were considered to be new nominations, rather than
continuations of the pre-recess nominations. As a result, when such nominations are
confirmed, the length of the confirmation process, shown in the tables of this report
as “days to confirm,” does not include any pre-recess time during which the nominee
was under consideration in the Senate. Consequently, the average is smaller than it
would be if the pre- and post-recess nomination times were added together. For
example, the mean number of days to confirm for all executive department
nominations is 46 days, but if the pre-recess days during which a nominee was under
consideration in the Senate were included for all confirmed nominees, this mean
would be 50 days. Likewise, the median “days to confirm” for all department
nominations is 36, but it would be 38 if pre-recess days were included. Footnotes for
appointment action tables for each department (below) provide figures that take such
pre-recess time into account. In general, however, comparisons between average
confirmation times from this report and those from previous reports should be made
cautiously.
The tables in this report show both the mean and median number of days. The
mean is the average as it is commonly calculated. In order to calculate the mean
“days to confirm,” for example, for each department, the “days to confirm” data for
all the confirmed nominations in the department were added together and then
divided by the number of confirmed nominations. The mean time taken by the
Senate to confirm a nomination to an executive department in the 107th Congress was
46 days, or 6 to 7 weeks. By department, the means ranged from 30 days for
Transportation and Veterans Affairs to 65 for Housing and Urban Development.
5See Sen. Harry Reid and Sen. Trent Lott, “Unanimous Consent Request — Executive
Calendar,” colloquy, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 147, Aug. 3, 2001, p. S8888.
Such a unanimous consent agreement was reached, however, for the recess between the first
and second sessions of the 107th Congress. Sen. Harry Reid, “Nominations to Remain in
Status Quo Notwithstanding the Adjournment of the Senate,” Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 147, Dec. 20, 2001, p. S14049. Under this agreement, only one nomination to
a full-time executive department position, Otto Reich, to be Assistant Secretary of State for
Western Hemisphere Affairs, was returned to the President. By unanimous consent, no
nominations were returned to the President prior to the 32-day August 2002 recess. Sen.
Harry Reid, “Order for Nominations,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 148, Aug.
1, 2002, p. S8020.

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The median is the middle number when the “days to confirm” data for all the
confirmed nominations are arranged in numerical order. Although the mean is the
more familiar kind of average, the median is included because it diminishes the
influence of a few extreme entries. For the Department of Agriculture (USDA), for
example, the mean is 41 and the median is 22. This difference is largely due to the
influence of the nomination for inspector general, which was pending in the Senate
for 213 days – more than twice as long as any other USDA nomination. In this case,
the median more accurately reflects the average number of days nominations to the
department were pending in the Senate. The median “days to confirm” for all
departments was 36 days, or about 5 weeks. This indicates that half of those
nominations confirmed spent 36 days or less pending in the Senate.
The Appointment Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.6 The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointment process—selection and nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
Selection and Nomination. In this stage, the President selects the nominee
and sends the nomination to the Senate. There are a number of steps in the
President’s selection of candidates for most Senate-confirmed positions. First, with
the assistance of the White House Office of Presidential Personnel, the President
selects a candidate for the position. The candidate then prepares and submits several
forms: the “Public Financial Disclosure Report” (Standard Form (SF) 278), the
“Questionnaire for National Security Positions” (SF 86), and the White House
“Personal Data Statement Questionnaire.” The Office of the Counsel to the President
oversees the clearance process, with background investigations conducted by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Office of
Government Ethics (OGE), and ethics official for the agency to which the candidate
is to be appointed. If conflicts are found during the background check, OGE and the
agency ethics officer may work with the candidate to mitigate the conflicts. Once the
Counsel has cleared the candidate, the nomination is ready to be submitted to the
Senate. The selection and vetting stage is often the longest part of the appointment
process. There can be lengthy delays, particularly if many candidates are being
processed, as they are at the beginning of an Administration, or if conflicts need to
be resolved. Candidates for higher level positions are often accorded priority in this
process.
For positions located within a state (U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and U.S.
district judge), the President, by custom, normally consults with the Senator or
Senators (if they are from the same party as the President) from that state prior to a
nomination. If neither Senator is from the President’s party, he usually consults with
party leaders from the state. Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations
6A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in
(name redacted), “Appointme
nt Powers,” in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and
the President, 4th ed. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997), pp. 22-48.

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from Senators of the opposition party because of their positions in the Senate. Before
making a nomination to a federal position at the state or national level, the President
must consider how it will fare in the confirmation process.
A nominee has no legal authority to assume the duties and responsibilities of the
position; the authority comes with Senate confirmation and presidential appointment.
A nominee who is hired as a consultant while awaiting confirmation may serve only
in an advisory capacity. If circumstances permit and conditions are met, the
President may give the nominee a temporary appointment under the Vacancies Act,
or a recess appointment, to the position (see below). Recess appointments may have
political consequences, however, particularly if Senators perceive that an
appointment is an effort to circumvent their constitutional role.
Confirmation. In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone
determines whether to approve or disapprove a nomination. The way the Senate acts
on a nomination depends largely on the importance of the position involved, existing
political circumstances, and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows
particular interest in the nominee’s views and how they are likely to affect public
policy.7 Two other factors may also affect the scrutiny with which a nominee’s
personal and professional qualities are examined: whether the President’s party
controls the Senate and the degree to which the President becomes involved in
supporting the nomination.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that his nominees will be approved routinely. Rarely, however, does a rejection
occur on the Senate floor. Nearly all rejections occur in committee, either by
committee vote or by committee inaction. Rejections in committee occur for a variety
of reasons, including opposition to the nomination, inadequate amount of time for
consideration of the nomination, or factors that may have nothing to do with the
merits of the nomination. The most recent study of Senate confirmation action,
which looked at the period between 1981 and 1992, found that the Senate failed to
confirm 9% of all nominations to full-time positions in the executive departments.
During the same period, 11% of nominations to independent agencies and 22% of
nominations to boards and commissions also failed.8
Appointment. In the final stage, the confirmed nominee is given a
commission signed by the President, with the seal of the United States affixed
thereto, and is sworn into office. The President may sign the commission at any time
7G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free
Press, 1981), pp. 97-189.
8CRS Report 93-464, Senate Action on Nominations to Policy Positions in the Executive
Branch, 1981-1992, (archived) by (name redacted). The study did not include nominations
submitted by Presidents Carter and Reagan in the last months of their administrations, or
nominations submitted within a month of the Senate’s adjournment at the end of a session.
It also excluded nominations to the judiciary, military services, Foreign Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps, and Public Health Service Officer
Corps, as well as nominations to all ambassadorial, U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and part-
time positions.

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after confirmation. Under unusual circumstances, he may not sign it at all, thus
preventing the appointment. Once the appointee is given the commission and sworn
in, he or she has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The appointment process also enables the President to make an appointment
without Senate confirmation when the Senate is in recess, either during a session
(intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess
appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of
Congress.9 Recess appointments made by President Clinton during the intersession
prior to the beginning of the 107th Congress expired at the end of the first session of
the 107th Congress. Recess appointments made by President Bush during a recess
within the first session or between the first and second sessions of the 107th Congress
expired at the end of the second session of the 107th Congress. Recess appointments
made by President Bush during a recess within the second session of the 107th
Congress or between the end of the 107th Congress and the beginning of the 108th
Congress expire at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress. Appendix C
provides a table showing the dates of the Senate recesses immediately before, during,
and immediately after the 107th Congress.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed restrictions on the
President’s authority to make recess appointments. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if the
position to which the President makes a recess appointment falls vacant while the
Senate is in session, the recess appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he
or she is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the
vacancy arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for
the office (other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during
the preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination
was rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was
given the recess appointment. A recess appointment falling under any one of these
three exceptions must be followed by a nomination to the position not later than 40
days after the beginning of the next session of the Senate.10 For this reason, when a
recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for
the nominee even when an old nomination is pending.11 In addition, although recess
appointees whose nominations to a full term are subsequently rejected by the Senate
may continue to serve until the end of their recess appointment, a provision of the
9Art. II, Sec. 2, cl. 3 of the Constitution.
10Congress placed limits on payments to recess appointees as far back as 1863. The current
provisions date from 1940 (ch. 580, 54 Stat. 751, 5 U.S.C. 56, revised, and recodified at 5
U.S.C. 5503, by P.L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 475). For a legal history and overview of recess
appointments, see CRS Report 87-832, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard
C. Ehlke (archived; contact author for more information).
11For a further discussion of recess appointments and a list of recess appointments during
the Clinton presidency, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked
Questions, by (name redacted) and CRS Report RL30821, Recess Appointments Made by
President Clinton, by (name redacted).

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annual Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act may prevent them
from being paid after their rejection.12
Temporary Appointments
Congress has provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling of
vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. It is expected that, in general,
officials holding PAS positions who have been designated as “acting” are holding the
office under this authority or other statutory authority specific to their agency. Under
the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998,13 when an executive agency position
requiring confirmation becomes vacant, it may be filled temporarily in one of three
ways: (1) the first assistant to such a position may automatically assume the functions
and duties of the office; (2) the President may direct an officer in any agency who is
occupying a position requiring Senate confirmation to perform those tasks; or (3) the
President may select any officer or employee of the subject agency who is occupying
a position, for which the rate of pay is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of
pay at the GS-15 level, and who has been with the agency for at least 90 of the
preceding 365 days. The temporary appointment is for 210 days, but the time
restriction is suspended if a first or second nomination for the position is pending.
In addition, during a presidential transition, the 210-day restriction period does not
begin to run until either 90 days after the President assumes office, or 90 days after
the vacancy occurs, if it is within the 90-day inauguration period. The Act does not
apply to positions on multi-headed regulatory boards and commissions and to certain
other specific positions that may be filled temporarily under other statutory
provisions.14
Organization of this Report
Executive Department Profiles. The 14 executive department profiles
provide data on presidential nominations and appointments to full-time positions
requiring Senate confirmation, and Senate action on the nominations. Data15 on
12P.L. 107-67, Sec. 609. The provision reads, “No part of any appropriation for the current
fiscal year contained in this or any other Act shall be paid to any person for the filling of any
position for which he or she has been nominated after the Senate has voted not to approve
the nomination of said person.” This provision has been part of this annual funding activity
since at least 1950.
13P.L. 105-277, Div. C, Title I, Sec. 151; 5 U.S.C. 3345-3349d.
14For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report 98-892, The New Vacancies Act:
Congress Acts to Protect the Senate’s Confirmation Prerogative, by (name redacted).
15This report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations database of the
Legislative Information System, available at [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/]; the
Congressional Record (daily edition); the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents;
and telephone discussions with agency officials. For similar reports for previous
Congresses, see CRS Report 94-453, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in
Executive Departments During the 103rd Congress, by (name redacted); CRS Report 97-93,
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the
104th Congress, by (name redacted); CRS Report 98-357, Presidential Appointments to Full-
(continued...)

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appointment actions during the 107th Congress appear in two tables for each
department, “Appointment Action During 107th Congress” and “Positions and
Incumbents in Department,” and are current as of January 3, 2003.
The appointment action table provides, in chronological order, information
concerning each nomination and recess appointment. It shows the name of the
nominee, position involved, date of nomination or appointment, date of confirmation,
and number of days between receipt of a nomination and confirmation. Actions other
than confirmation (i.e., nominations rejected by the Senate and nominations returned
to or withdrawn by the President) are also noted. Some nominees are nominated more
than once for the same position, either because the first nomination is returned to the
President, as discussed below, or because of a recess appointment. When a nominee
is awaiting Senate action and he or she is given a recess appointment, a second,
follow-up, nomination is usually submitted to comply with the requirements of 5
U.S.C. 5503 (b).
This table also shows, as discussed earlier, the mean and median number of days
the Senate has taken to confirm nominations in the department. These averages
should be used carefully. As discussed earlier, the Senate took the unusual step of
returning all nominations to the President prior to the August 2001 recess. Many of
those whose nominations were returned were re-nominated after the recess.
Consequently, these individuals were nominated twice, and the days that elapsed
while their first nominations were pending in the Senate are not included in the
calculation of the mean and median days to confirm a nomination. As a result, these
times are shorter than they would be otherwise. Adjusted figures are shown in the
table footnotes for comparison.
The second table of each profile identifies the department’s full-time positions
requiring Senate confirmation16 and the incumbents in those positions as of the end
of the 107th Congress. An incumbent’s name followed by “(A)” indicates an official
who is serving in an acting capacity. A blank space indicates that either the position
is vacant or current information about the position-holder was not available. The
table also includes the pay level for each position. For most presidentially appointed
positions requiring Senate confirmation, the pay levels fall under the Executive
Schedule, which ranges from level I ($171,900) for cabinet level offices to level V
($125,400) for the lowest-ranked positions.17
15(...continued)
Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 105th Congress, by (name redacted);
and CRS Report RL30476, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive
Departments During the 106th Congress, by (name redacted).
16As noted above, the following full-time positions are not included in this report: U.S.
Attorney and U.S. Marshal positions in the Department of Justice; Foreign Service and
diplomatic positions in the Department of State; officer corps positions in the civilian
uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the
Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and
Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services.
17These are salary rates in effect as of this writing. For information on pay for federal
(continued...)

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Additional Appointment Information. Appendix A presents a table of all
nominations and recess appointments to positions in executive departments,
alphabetically organized and following a similar format to that of the department
appointment action tables. It identifies the agency involved and the dates of
nomination and confirmation. The table also indicates if a nomination was
confirmed, withdrawn, returned, or rejected. The mean and median numbers of days
taken to confirm a nomination are calculated as described above.
Appendix B provides a table with summary information on appointments and
nominations by department. For each of the 14 executive departments discussed in
this report, the table provides the number of positions, nominations, individual
nominees, confirmations, nominations returned, nominations withdrawn, and recess
appointments. The table also provides the mean and median numbers of days to
confirm a nomination. For convenience, adjusted means and medians, which include
the pre-August 2001 nominations, are provided in parentheses.
A list of department abbreviations can be found in Appendix D.
17(...continued)
officials, see CRS Report 98-53, Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet, by Sharon
Gressle.

CRS-10
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Islam A. Siddiqui
Under Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Programs
Ann M. Veneman
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Lou Gallegos
Asst. Secy. - Administration
04/25/01
05/22/01
27
Mary K. Waters
Asst. Secy. - Congressional Relations
04/25/01
05/22/01
27
Eric M. Bost
Under Secy. - Food, Nutrition and
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Consumer Services
William T. Hawks
Under Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Programs
Joseph J. Jen
Under Secy. - Research, Education, and
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Economics
J. B. Penn
Under Secy. - Farm and Foreign
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Agricultural Services
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01c
James R. Moseley
Deputy Secretary
06/19/01
07/12/01
23
Hilda G. Legg
Admin. - Rural Utilities Service
06/21/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Mark E. Rey
Under Secy. - Natural Resources and
06/21/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Environ.
Elsa A. Murano
Under Secy. - Food Safety
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Mark E. Rey
Under Secy. - Natural Resources and
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Environment
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
09/04/01
Returned 11/20/02d
Elsa A. Murano
Under Secy. - Food Safety
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Hilda G. Legg
Admin. - Rural Utilities Service
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Edward R. McPherson
Chief Financial Officer
09/12/01
09/26/01
14
Nancy S. Bryson
General Counsel
12/20/01
03/22/02
59
Phyllis K. Fong
Inspector General
03/14/02
11/14/02
213
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
Recess Appointment 08/06/02e
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
09/30/02
Returned 11/20/02d
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
41
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
22

CRS-11
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Rey’s and Legg’s totals would each be 65. Murano’s total would be unchanged, since no days elapsed during her
first nomination. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 47. The
median would be 25.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
e. Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Agriculture
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Ann M.Veneman
I
Deputy Secretary
James R. Moseley
II
Under Secretary - Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services
J. B. Penn
III
Under Secretary - Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services
Eric M. Bost
III
Under Secretary - Food Safety
Elsa A. Murano
III
Under Secretary - Marketing and Regulatory Programs
William T. Hawks
III
Under Secretary - Natural Resources and Environment
Mark E. Rey
III
Under Secretary - Research, Education, and Economics
Joseph J. Jen
III
Under Secretary - Rural Development
Thomas C. Dorra
III
Assistant Secretary - Administration
Lou Gallegos
IV
Assistant Secretary - Congressional Relations
Mary K. Waters
IV
Chief Financial Officerb
Edward R. McPherson
IV
General Counsel
Nancy S. Bryson
IV
Inspector Generalc
Phyllis K. Fong
IV
Administrator - Rural Utilities Services
Hilda G. Legg
IV
a. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).

CRS-12
Department of Commerce (DOC)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
James Dorskind
General Counsel
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Elwood Holstein, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Donald L. Evans
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Kenneth I. Juster
Under Secy. - Export Administration
03/15/01
05/10/01
56
Faryar Shirzad
Asst. Secy. - Import Administration
03/22/01
05/01/01
40
Grant D. Aldonas
Under Secy. - International Trade
03/29/01
05/10/01
42
Administration
Brenda L. Becker
Asst. Secy. - Legislative and Governmental
03/29/01
05/03/01
35
Affairs
Theodore W. Kassinger
General Counsel
04/04/01
05/03/01
29
Maria Cino
Asst. Secy. and Director General - U.S. and
04/06/01
05/25/01
49
Foreign Commercial Service
James J. Jochum
Asst. Secy. - Export Administration
04/30/01
05/16/01
16
Bruce P. Mehlman
Asst. Secy. - Technology Policy
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
David A. Sampson
Asst. Secy. - Economic Development
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Kathleen B. Cooper
Under Secy. - Economic Affairs
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
William H. Lash III
Asst. Secy. - Market Access and Compliance
05/08/01
07/19/01
72
James E. Rogan
Under Secy. - Intellectual Property and
05/24/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Dir. - U.S. Patent and Trademark
Samuel W. Bodman
Deputy Secretary
06/18/01
07/19/01
31
Michael J. Garcia
Asst. Secy. - Export Enforcement
06/18/01
08/03/01
46
Nancy Victory
Asst. Secy. - Communications and Information
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Linda M. Conlin
Asst. Secy. - Trade Development
06/28/01
08/03/01
36
Otto Wolff
Asst. Secy. - Administration
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Otto Wolff
Chief Financial Officer
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Phillip J. Bond
Under Secy. - Technology
09/04/01
10/23/01
49
James E. Rogan
Under Secy. - Intellectual Property and
09/04/01
11/30/01
87
Dir. - U.S. Patent and Trademark
Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Under Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
10/16/01
11/30/01
45
Jr.
Arden Bement, Jr.
Director - National Institute of Standards and
10/23/01
11/30/01
38
Technology
Charles Louis Kincannon Director - Census
11/15/01
03/13/02
85
James R. Mahoney
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
12/04/01
03/22/02
75
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
44
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
39
a. If the number of days Rogan’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in his total, it
would be 158. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 47. The
median would be unchanged.

CRS-13
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Commerce
Positionsa
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Donald L. Evans
I
Deputy Secretary
Samuel W. Bodman
II
Under Secretary - Economic Affairs
Kathleen B. Cooper
II
Under Secretary - Export Administration
Kenneth I. Juster
II
Under Secretary - Intellectual Property and Dir. - Patents &
James E. Rogan
III
Trademark
Under Secretary - International Trade Administration
Grant D. Aldonas
III
Under Secretary - Oceans and Atmosphere
Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.
III
Under Secretary - Technology
Phillip J.Bond
III
Asst. Secy. - Administration and Chief Financial Officerb
Otto Wolff
IV
Asst. Secy. - Communications and Information
Nancy Victory
IV
Asst. Secy. - Economic Development
David A. Sampson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Export Administration
James J. Jochum
IV
Asst. Secy. - Export Enforcement
Lisa A. Prager (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Import Administration
Faryar Shirzad
IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs
Brenda L. Becker
IV
Asst. Secy. - Market Access and Compliance
William H. Lash III
IV
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
James R. Mahoney
IV
Asst. Secy. - Technology Policy
Bruce P. Mehlman
IV
Asst. Secy. - Trade Development
Linda M. Conlin
IV
Asst. Secy. and Dir. Gen. - U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service
Maria Cino
IV
Director - Bureau of the Census
Charles Louis Kincannon
IV
Director - National Institute of Standards and Technology
Arden Bement, Jr.
IV
General Counsel
Theodore W. Kassinger
IV
Inspector Generalc
Johnnie E. Frazierd
IV
Chief Scientist - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
—
V
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include positions in the officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, except for
the chief scientist position.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.

CRS-14
Department of Defense (DOD)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Positions
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Donald H. Rumsfeld
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Paul D. Wolfowitz
Deputy Secretary
02/15/01
02/28/01
13
Dov S. Zakheim
Under Secy. - Comptroller
03/13/01
05/01/01
49
Charles S. Abell
Asst. Secy. - Force Management Policyb
03/29/01
05/03/01
35
Victoria Clarke
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
04/05/01
05/17/01
42
Powell A. Moore
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
04/23/01
05/01/01
8
William J. Haynes II
General Counsel
04/23/01
05/17/01
24
Edward C. Aldridge, Jr.
Under Secy. - Acquisition , Technology,
04/23/01
05/08/01
15
and Logistics
Douglas J. Feith
Under Secy. - Policy
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
David S. C. Chu
Under Secy. - Personnel and Readiness
04/30/01
05/26/01
26
Gordon England
Secretary - Navy
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Thomas E. White
Secretary - Army
05/01/01
05/24/01
23
Jack D. Crouch II
Asst. Secy. - International Security Policy
05/07/01
08/01/01
86
James G. Roche
Secretary - Air Force
05/07/01
05/24/01
17
Susan M. Livingstone
Under Secy. - Navy
05/07/01
07/19/01
73
Peter W. Rodman
Asst. Secy. - International Security Affairs
05/14/01
07/12/01
59
Thomas P. Christie
Director - Operational Testing and
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
Evaluation
Diane K. Morales
Dep. Under Secy. - Logistics and Materiel
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Readiness
Steven J. Morello, Sr.
General Counsel - Army
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
William A. Navas, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Manpower and Reserve
06/07/01
07/12/01
35
Affairs
Michael Montelongo
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Financial
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Management and Comptroller
Reginald J. Brown
Asst. Secy. - Army - Manpower and
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Reserve Affairs
John J. Young, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Research,
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Development, and Acquisition
Alberto J. Mora
General Counsel - Navy
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
Stephen A. Cambone
Dep. Under Secy. - Policy
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
Michael W. Wynne
Dep. Under Secy. - Acquisition and
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Technology

CRS-15
Days to
Nominee
Positions
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Dionel M. Aviles
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Financial Management
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
and Comptroller
Joseph E. Schmitz
Inspector General
06/18/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Michael Parker
Asst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works
06/19/01
Returned 08/03/01c
H. T. Johnson
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Installations and
06/28/01
08/03/01
36
Environment
John P. Stenbit
Asst. Secy. - Command, Control,
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Communications, and Intelligence
Michael L. Dominguez
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Manpower and
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Reserve Affairs
Nelson F. Gibbs
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Installations and
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Environment
Mario P. Fiori
Asst. Secy. - Army - Installations and
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Environment
Ronald M. Sega
Director - Defense Research and
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Engineering
Marvin R. Sambur
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Richard B. Myers
Chairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Peter Pace
Vice Chairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Marvin R. Sambur
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition
09/04/01
11/08/01
65
Michael Parker
Asst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Joseph E. Schmitz
Inspector General
09/04/01
03/21/02
165
Michelle Van Cleave
Asst. Secy. - Special Operations and Low-
09/21/01
Withdrawn 10/25/01
Intensity Conflict
William Winkenwerder, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Health Affairs
09/21/01
10/16/01
25
Mary L. Walker
General Counsel - Air Force
09/25/01
11/08/01
44
Sandra L. Pack
Asst. Secy. - Army - Financial Management
10/10/01
11/08/01
29
and Comptroller
Dale Klein
Asst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, and
10/18/01
11/08/01
21
Biological Defense Programs
R. L. Brownlee
Under Secy. - Army
10/30/01
11/08/01
9
Peter B. Teets
Under Secy. - Air Force
10/30/01
12/08/01
39
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Army - Acquisitions, Logistics,
11/08/01
12/20/01
42
and Technology
Charles S. Abell
Dep. Under Secy. - Personnel and
03/20/02
11/12/02
205
Readiness
Thomas F. Hall
Asst. Secy. - Reserve Affairs
04/22/02
10/02/02
131
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
41
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
30

CRS-16
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Sambur’s total would be 68, Parker’s total would be 67, Schmitz’ total would be 211 and the mean number of days
to confirm a nomination for the department would be 43. The median would be unchanged.
b. P.L. 107-107, Sec. 901 created the position of Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness and reduced the number
of assistant secretaries of defense from nine to eight. The position of Asst. Sec. for Force Management Policy was
discontinued. As shown, Charles S. Abell was nominated and confirmed first to Asst. Sec. for Force Management
Policy and later to Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Defense
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Donald H. Rumsfeld
I
Deputy Secretary
Paul D. Wolfowitz
II
Under Secretary - Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics
Edward C. Aldridge, Jr.
II
Under Secretary - Comptroller and Chief Financial Officera
Dov S. Zakheim
III
Under Secretary - Policy
Douglas J. Feith
III
Under Secretary - Personnel and Readiness
David S. C. Chu
III
Deputy Under Secy. - Logistics and Materiel Readiness
Diane K. Morales
III
Deputy Under Secy. - Acquisition and Technology
Michael W. Wynne
III
Deputy Under Secy. - Policy
—
IV
Deputy Under Secy. - Personnel/Readinessb
Charles S. Abell
IV
Asst. Secy. - Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence
John P. Stenbit
IV
Asst. Secy. - Health Affairs
William Winkenwerder, Jr.
IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
Powell A. Moore
IV
Asst. Secy. - International Security Policy
Jack D. Crouch II
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
Victoria Clarke
IV
Asst. Secy. - Reserve Affairs
Thomas F. Hall
IV
Asst. Secy. - Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - International Security Affairs
Peter W. Rodman
IV
Director - Defense Research and Engineering
Ronald M. Sega
IV
Director - Operational Testing and Evaluation
Thomas P. Christie
IV
General Counsel
William J. Haynes II
IV
Inspector Generalc
Joseph E. Schmitz
IV
Asst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense
Dale Klein
V
Programs
Department of the Air Force
Secretary
James G. Roche
II
Under Secretary
Peter B. Teets
IV
Asst. Secy. - Acquisition
Marvin R. Sambur
IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and Comptroller
Michael Montelongo
IV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Installations
Michael L. Dominguez
IV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and Environment
Nelson F. Gibbs
IV
General Counsel
Mary L. Walker
IV
Department of the Army
Secretary
Thomas E. White
II
Under Secretary
R. L. Brownlee
IV
Asst. Secy. - Civil Works
R. L. Brownlee (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and Comptroller
Sandra L. Pack
IV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and Environment
Mario P. Fiori
IV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower and Reserve Affairs
Reginald J. Brown
IV
Asst. Secy. - Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.
IV
General Counsel
Steven J. Morello, Sr.
IV

CRS-17
Department of the Navy
Secretary
Gordon England
II
Under Secretary
Susan M. Livingstone
IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and Comptroller
Dionel M. Aviles
IV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and Environment
H. T. Johnson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower and Reserve Affairs
William A. Navas, Jr.
IV
Asst. Secy. - Research, Development, and Acquisition
John J. Young, Jr.
IV
General Counsel
Alberto J. Mora
IV
Joint Chiefs of Staffd
Chairman
General Richard B. Myers (Air Force)
Vice Chairman
General Peter Pace (Marine Corps)
Chief of Staff (Air Force)
General John P. Jumper
Chief of Staff (Army)
General Eric K. Shinseki
Chief of Naval Operations
Admiral Vernon E. Clark
Commandant of the Marine Corps
General James L. Jones
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
b. P.L. 107-107, Sec. 901 created the position of Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness and reduced the number
of assistant secretaries of defense from nine to eight. The position of Asst. Sec. for Force Management Policy was
discontinued. As shown, Charles S. Abell was nominated and confirmed first to Asst. Sec. for Force Management
Policy and later to Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness.
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. Chairman and vice chairman serve two-year terms; other members serve four-year terms. The appointment dates for
each member are as follows: General Myers, Oct. 1, 2001; General Pace, Oct. 1, 2001; General Jumper, Sept. 6,
2001; General Shinseki, June 21, 1999; Admiral Clark, July 21, 2000; and General Jones, July 1, 1999.

CRS-18
Department of Education (ED)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Judith A. Winston
Under Secretary
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Roderick R. Paige
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
William D. Hansen
Deputy Secretary
04/23/01
05/22/01
29
Grover J. Whitehurst
Asst. Secy. - Educational Research and
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Improvement
Brian Jones
General Counsel
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Eugene W. Hickok, Jr.
Under Secretary
04/30/01
07/10/01
71
Susan B. Neuman
Asst. Secy. - Elementary and Secondary
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Education
Rebecca O. Campoverde Asst. Secy. - Legislation and Congressional
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Affairs
Laurie Rich
Asst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
Interagency Affairs
Robert Pasternack
Asst. Secy. - Special Education and
06/21/01
07/19/01
28
Rehabilitative Services
Joanne M. Wilson
Commissioner - Rehabilitation Services
06/21/01
07/19/01
28
Administration
Carol D’Amico
Asst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult
06/29/01
07/19/01
20
Education
Brian Jones
General Counsel
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
09/25/01
Returned 11/20/02d
Jack Martin
Chief Financial Officer
11/05/01
01/25/02
48
William Leidinger
Asst. Secy. - Management
12/20/01
02/12/02
21
Sally Stroup
Asst. Secy. - Postsecondary Education
02/11/02
03/15/02
32
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
Recess appointment 03/29/02e
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02d
John P. Higgins, Jr.
Inspector General
09/18/02
11/14/02
57
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
38
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
32
a. If the number of days Jones’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
his total would be 105. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 44.
The median would be 37.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-19
e. Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Education
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Roderick R. Paige
I
Deputy Secretary
William D. Hansen
II
Under Secretary
Eugene W. Hickok, Jr.
III
Chief Financial Officera
Jack Martin
IV
Asst. Secy. - Management
William Leidinger
IV
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
Gerald Reynoldsb
IV
Asst. Secy. - Educational Research and Improvement
Grover J. Whitehurst
IV
Asst. Secy. - Elementary and Secondary Education
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and Interagency Affairs
Laurie Rich
IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislation and Congressional Affairs
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Postsecondary Education
Sally Stroup
IV
Asst. Secy. - Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
Robert Pasternack
IV
Asst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult Education
Carol D’Amico
IV
Commissioner - Education Statisticsc
—
IV
General Counsel
Brian Jones
IV
Inspector Generald
John P. Higgins, Jr.
IV
Commissioner - Rehabilitation Services Administration
Joanne M. Wilson
V
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
b. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
c. Four-year fixed-term position (20 U.S.C. 9002(b)(1)).
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).

CRS-20
Department of Energy (DOE)
Appointment Action During 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Spencer Abraham
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Bruce M. Carnes
Chief Financial Officer
04/23/01
05/25/01
32
Lee S. L. Otis
General Counsel
04/25/01
05/24/01
29
David Garman
Asst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and Renewable
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Energy
Jessie H. Roberson
Asst. Secy. - Environmental Management
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Francis S. Blake
Deputy Secretary
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Robert G. Card
Under Secy. - Energy, Science, and
05/02/01
05/25/01
23
Environment
Vicky A. Bailey
Asst. Secy. - International Affairs and
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Domestic Policy
Dan R. Brouillette
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
06/28/01
08/01/01
34
Intergovernmental Affairs
Theresa
Director - Office of Minority Economic Impact
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Alvillar-Speake
Linton F. Brooks
Dep. Admin. - Defense Nuclear
07/19/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Nonproliferation, NNSAb
Linton F. Brooks
Dep. Admin. - Defense Nuclear
09/04/01
10/16/01
42
Nonproliferation, NNSAb
Everet Beckner
Dep. Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSAb
09/25/01
01/25/02 89
Michael Smith
Asst. Secy. - Fossil Energy
10/02/01
01/25/02
82
Margaret S. Y. Chu
Dir. - Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste
11/09/01
03/06/02
84
Management
Beverly Cook
Asst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and Health
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Raymond L. Orbach
Dir. - Office of Science
12/11/01
03/04/02
50
Guy F. Caruso
Admin. - Energy Information Administration
02/05/02
07/26/02
171
Kyle E. McSlarrow
Deputy Secretary
05/01/02
11/14/02
165
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
57
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
38
a. If the number of days Brooks’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
his total would be 57. The average number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 58.
The median would be unchanged.
b. NNSA: National Nuclear Security Administration.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-21
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Energy
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Spencer Abraham
I
Deputy Secretary
Kyle E. McSlarrow
II
Under Secretary - Energy, Science, and Environment
Robert G. Card
III
Under Secretary - Nuclear Securitya
Linton F. Brooks (A)
III
Administrator - National Nuclear Security Administrationa (NNSA)
Linton F. Brooks (A)
III
Deputy Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSA
Everet Beckner
IV
Deputy Admin. - Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, NNSA
Linton F. Brooks
IV
Administrator -Energy Information Administration
Guy F. Caruso
IV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
David Garman
IV
Asst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and Health
Beverly Cook
IV
Asst. Secy. - Environmental Management
Jessie H. Roberson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Fossil Energy
Michael Smith
IV
Asst. Secy. - International Affairs and Domestic Policy
Vicky A. Bailey
IV
Asst. Secy. - Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology
—
IV
Chief Financial Officerb
Bruce M. Carnes
IV
Director - Civilian Radioactive Waste Management
Margaret S. Y. Chu
IV
Director - Office of Minority Economic Impact
Theresa Alvillar-Speake
IV
Director - Office of Science
Raymond L. Orbach
IV
General Counsel
Lee S. L. Otis
IV
Inspector Generalc
Gregory H. Freidmand
IV
(A) - Acting
a. The under secretary serves as the administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.

CRS-22
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Tommy G. Thompson
Secretary
01/20/01
01/24/01
4
Piyush Jindal
Asst. Secy. - Planning and Evaluation
04/06/01
05/25/01
49
Wade F. Horn
Asst. Secy. - Children and Families
04/06/01
07/25/01
110
Scott Whitaker
Asst. Secy. - Legislation
04/06/01
05/01/01
25
Claude A. Allen
Deputy Secretary
04/25/01
05/26/01
31
Kevin Keane
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
04/30/01
07/19/01
80
Thomas Scully
Administrator - Centers for Medicare &
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Medicaid Services
Janet Hale
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance
05/22/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Janet Rehnquist
Inspector General
06/05/01
08/03/01
59
Alex Azar II
General Counsel
06/07/01
08/03/01
57
Josefina Carbonell
Asst. Secy. - Aging
06/08/01
08/01/01
54
Joan E. Ohl
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and Families
07/10/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Janet Hale
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Joan E. Ohl
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and Families
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Charles Curie
Administrator - Substance Abuse and Mental
10/02/01
10/25/01
23
Health Services Administration
Eve Slater
Asst. Secy. - Public Health and Science
12/20/01
01/25/02
3
Elias A. Zerhouni
Director - National Institutes of Health
04/29/02
05/02/02
3
Richard H. Carmona
Surgeon General
06/25/02
07/23/02
28
Quanah C. Stamps
Commissioner - Administration for Native
07/09/02
11/14/02
96
Americans
Mark B. McClellan
Commissioner - Food and Drug Administration
10/02/02
10/17/02
15
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
49
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
40
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Hale’s total would be 183 and Ohl’s total would be 134. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination would
then be 54. The median would be unchanged.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-23
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Health and Human Services
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Tommy G. Thompson
I
Deputy Secretary
Claude A. Allen
II
Administrator - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Thomas Scully
IV
Administrator - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Charles Curie
IV
Administration
Asst. Secy. - Administration on Aging
Josefina Carbonell
IV
Asst. Secy. - Administration on Children and Families
Wade F. Horn
IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislation
Scott Whitaker
IV
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance and Chief Financial
Janet Hale
IV
Officera
Asst. Secy. - Planning and Evaluation
Piyush Jindal
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
Kevin Keane
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Health and Science
Eve Slater
IV
Commissioner - Food and Drug Administration
Mark B. McClellan
IV
Director - National Institutes of Health
Elias A. Zerhouni
IV
General Counsel
Alex Azar II
IV
Inspector Generalb
Janet Rehnquist
IV
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and Families
Joan E. Ohl
V
Commissioner - Administration for Native Americans
Quanah C. Stamps
V
Director - Indian Health Servicesc
Charles W. Grim (A)
V
Surgeon Generald
Richard H. Carmona
NA
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). Department representatives have indicated that positions have been combined as
noted in the table.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
c. Four-year term of office (25 U.S.C. 1661(a) note).
d. Four-year term of office; by law, Surgeon General must be appointed from the regular corps of the Public Health
Service (42 U.S.C. 205). Carmona was confirmed by the Senate on July 23, 2002.

CRS-24
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Melquiades R. Martinez
Secretary
01/20/01
01/23/01
3
Alphonso R. Jackson
Deputy Secretary
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Roy A. Bernardi
Asst. Secy. - Community Planning and
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Development
John C. Weicher
Asst. Secy. - Housing and Federal Housing
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Commissr.
Richard A. Hauser
General Counsel
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Angela M. Antonelli
Chief Financial Officer
05/16/01
07/12/01
57
Ronald A. Rosenfeld
Pres. - Government National Mortgage
05/23/01
07/12/01
50
Association
Michael M. F. Liu
Asst. Secy. - Public and Indian Housing
06/21/01
08/03/01
43
Melody H. Fennel
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Intergovernmental Relations
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.
Inspector General
07/25/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.
Inspector General
09/04/01
03/22/02
166
Vickers B. Meadows
Asst. Secy. - Administration
11/15/01
03/22/02
94
Diane L. Tomb
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
11/27/01
03/22/02
82
Alberto F. Trevino
Asst. Secy. - Policy Development and
04/29/02
11/12/02
165
Research
Carolyn Y. Peoples
Asst. Secy. - Fair Housing and Equal
06/07/02
11/12/02
126
Opportunity
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
65
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
47
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Donohue’s total would be 175. The mean and median number of days to confirm a nomination would remain the
same.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-25
Positions and Incumbents in the
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Melquiades R. Martinez
I
Deputy Secretary
Alphonso R. Jackson
II
Director - Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversighta
Armando Falcon, Jr.
II
Asst. Secy. - Administration
Vickers B. Meadows
IV
Asst. Secy. - Community Planning and Development
Roy A. Bernardi
IV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
Carolyn Y. Peoples
IV
Asst. Secy. - Housing and Federal Housing Commissioner
John C. Weicher
IV
Asst. Secy. - Policy Development and Research
Alberto F. Trevino
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
Diane L. Tomb
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public and Indian Housing
Michael M. F. Liu
IV
Chief Financial Officerb
Angela M. Antonelli
IV
General Counsel
Richard A. Hauser
IV
Inspector Generalc
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.
IV
President - Government National Mortgage Association
Ronald A. Rosenfeld
IV
a. Five-year term of office (12 U.S.C. 4512(a)(4)). Falcon was confirmed by the Senate on Sept. 29, 1999.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).

CRS-26
Department of the Interior (DOI)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Kenneth L. Smith
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife and Parks
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Gale A. Norton
Secretary
01/20/01
01/30/01
10
J. Steven Griles
Deputy Secretary
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Patricia L. Scarlett
Asst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and
05/14/01
07/12/01
59
Budget
Neal A. McCaleb
Asst. Secy. - Indian Affairs
05/22/01
06/29/01
38
William G. Myers III
Solicitor
05/23/01
07/12/01
50
Bennett W. Raley
Asst. Secy. - Water and Science
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
Frances P. Mainella
Director - National Park Service
06/14/01
07/12/01
28
John W. Keys III
Commissioner - Bureau of Reclamation
06/14/01
07/12/01
28
Jeffrey D. Jarrett
Dir. - Office of Surface Mining
07/18/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Reclamation and Enforcement
Harold C. Manson
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Jeffrey D. Jarrett
Dir. - Office of Surface Mining
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Reclamation and Enforcement.
Steven A. Williams
Dir. - Fish and Wildlife Service
09/25/01
01/29/02
93
Kathleen B. Clarke
Dir. - Bureau of Land Management
10/18/01
12/20/01
63
Rebecca W. Watson
Asst. Secy. - Land and Minerals
11/07/01
01/25/02
46
Management
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
58
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
50
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Jarrett’s total would be 126. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination would be 59, and the median
would remain the same.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-27
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of the Interior
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Gale A. Norton
I
Deputy Secretary
J. Steven Griles
II
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
Harold C. Manson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Indian Affairs
Aurene M. Martin (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Land and Minerals Management
Rebecca W. Watson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and Budget and Chief Financial
Patricia L. Scarlett
IV
Officerb
Asst. Secy. - Territories and International Affairsa
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Water and Science
Bennett W. Raley
IV
Chairman - National Indian Gaming Commissionc
—
IV
Inspector Generald
Earl E. Devaneye
IV
Solicitor
William G. Myers III
IV
Director - National Park Service
Frances P. Mainella
V
Director - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Jeffrey D. Jarrett
V
Commissioner - Bureau of Reclamation
John W. Keys III
V
Director - Bureau of Land Management
Kathleen B. Clarke
V
Director - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Steven A. Williams
V
Director - U.S. Geological Survey
Charles Groate
V
Special Trustee - Office of Special Trustee for American Indians
Donna M. Erwin (A)
V
Commissioner - Indian Affairsf
—
V
(A) - Acting
a. Position is unfunded and has been vacant since 1995.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. Three-year term of office; incumbent may be removed only for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, or for other
good cause (25 U.S.C. 704(b)).
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
e. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
f. Position has been vacant since 1981. The Acting Deputy Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs is Terry
Virden.

CRS-28
Department of Justice (DOJ)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
John Ashcroft
Attorney General
01/29/01
02/01/01
3
Theodore B. Olson
Solicitor General
03/13/01
05/24/01
72
Larry D. Thompson
Deputy Attorney General
03/22/01
05/10/01
49
Daniel J. Bryant
Asst. Atty. General - Legislative Affairs
03/28/01
05/10/01
43
Charles A. James, Jr.
Asst. Atty. General - Antitrust Division
04/06/01
06/14/01
69
Viet D. Dinh
Asst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Policy
04/23/01
05/24/01
31
John W. Gillis
Dir. - Office for Victims of Crime
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Michael Chertoff
Asst. Atty. General - Criminal Division
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Ralph F. Boyd, Jr.
Asst. Atty. General - Civil Rights Division
04/30/01
07/20/01
81
Robert D. McCallum
Asst. Atty. General - Civil Division
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Thomas L. Sansonetti
Asst. Atty. General - Environment and Natural
05/22/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Resources
J. Robert Flores
Admin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and
05/23/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Delinquency Prevention
Sarah V. Hart
Dir. - National Institute of Justice
05/24/01
08/02/01
70
Eileen J. O’Connor
Asst. Atty. General - Tax Division
05/24/01
07/20/01
57
Deborah J. Daniels
Asst. Atty. General - Office of Justice Programs
06/05/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Richard R. Nedelkoff
Dir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance
06/05/01
Returned 08/03/01b
James W. Ziglar
Commissioner. - Immigration and Naturalization
06/12/01
07/31/01
49
Service
Asa Hutchinson
Administrator of Drug Enforcement
06/12/01
08/01/01
50
Sharee M. Freeman
Dir. - Community Relations Service
06/19/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Robert S. Mueller III
Dir. - Federal Bureau of Investigation
07/18/01
08/02/01
15
Jay S. Bybee
Asst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Counsel
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Thomas L. Sansonetti
Asst. Atty. General - Environment and Natural
09/04/01
11/30/01
87
Resources
Deborah J. Daniels
Asst. Atty. General - Office of Justice Programs
09/04/01
09/21/01
17
Jay S. Bybee
Asst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Counsel
09/04/01
10/23/01
49
Richard R. Nedelkoff
Dir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
John W. Gillis
Dir. - Office for Victims of Crime
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
Sharee M. Freeman
Dir. - Community Relations Service
09/04/01
11/06/01
63
J. Robert Flores
Admin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and
09/04/01
04/12/02
187
Delinquency Prevention
Jay B. Stephens
Associate Attorney General
09/10/01
11/08/01
59
Juan Carlos Benitez
Special Counsel - Immigration-Related
09/12/01
11/06/01
55
Unfair Employment Practices
Benigno G. Reyna
Director - U.S. Marshals Service
09/12/01
10/25/01
43
Lawrence A. Greenfeld
Director - Bureau of Justice Statistics
11/27/01
07/29/02
211

CRS-29
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
John B. Brown III
Deputy Admin. - Drug Enforcement
02/11/02
04/12/02
60
Administration
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
60
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
53
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included, the following “days
to confirm” would change as follows: Sansonetti (158), Daniels (76), Nedelkoff (69), Gillis (105), Freeman (108)
and Flores (259). Bybee’s total would not change, since no days elapsed during the time his first nomination was
in the Senate. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 75. The median
would be 60.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-30
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Justice
Positionsa
Incumbent
Level
Attorney General
John Ashcroft
I
Deputy Attorney General
Larry D. Thompson
II
Director - Federal Bureau of Investigationb
Robert S. Mueller
II
Administrator of Drug Enforcement
Asa Hutchinson
III
Associate Attorney General
Peter D. Keisler (A)
III
Solicitor General
Theodore B. Olson
III
Asst. Attorney General - Antitrust Division
R. Hewitt Pate (A)
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil Division
Robert D. McCallum
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil Rights Division
Ralph F. Boyd, Jr.
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Criminal Division
Michael Chertoff
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Environment and Natural Resources
Thomas L. Sansonetti
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Legislative Affairs
Daniel J. Bryant
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Justice Programs
Deborah J. Daniels
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Legal Counsel
Jay S. Bybee
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Legal Policy
Viet D. Dinh
IV
Asst. Attorney General - Tax Division
Eileen J. O’Connor
IV
Administrator - Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
J. Robert Flores
IV
Prevention
Commissioner - Immigration and Naturalization Service
Michael J. Garcia (A)
IV
Deputy Admin - Drug Enforcement Administration
John B. Brown
IV
Director - Bureau of Justice Assistance
Richard R. Nedelkoff
IV
Director - Bureau of Justice Statistics
Lawrence A. Greenfield
IV
Director - Community Relations Servicec
Sharee M. Freeman
IV
Director - National Institute of Justice
Sarah V. Hart
IV
Director - Office for Victims of Crime
John W. Gillis
IV
Director - U.S. Marshals Service
Benigno G. Reyna
IV
Inspector Generald
Glenn Finee
IV
Special Counsel - Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practicesf
Juan Carlos Benitez
IV
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include positions of U.S. attorney and U.S. marshal. The position of chief financial officer (CFO) is also not
listed here. Although the Department of Justice is included in the statute that provides presidentially appointed and
Senate-confirmed CFOs for all of the major executive branch agencies (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)), this provision is
superseded by 28 U.S.C. 507. The latter section provides that the Assistant Attorney General for Administration,
appointed by the Attorney General with the approval of the President, shall be the CFO for the Department of
Justice. At the end of the 107th Cong., the Assistant Attorney General for Administration was Paul R. Corts. The
CFO for the Department of Justice was listed on the CFO Council Web site as Robert F. Diegelman (A).
([http://www.cfoc.gov/], visited Dec. 12, 2002).
b. Ten-year term; incumbent may not serve more than one 10-year term (28 U.S.C. 532 note). For more information on
the recent history of FBI director nominations, see CRS Report RS20963, Nomination and Confirmation of the
FBI Director: Process and Recent History, by (name redacted). Mueller was confirmed by the Senate on Aug.
2, 2001.
c. Four-year term (42 U.S.C. 2000g). Freeman was confirmed by the Senate on Nov. 6, 2001.
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
e. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
f. Four-year term (8 U.S.C. 1324b(3)). Benitez was confirmed by the Senate on Nov. 6, 2001.

CRS-31
Department of Labor (DOL)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Elaine L. Chao
Secretary
01/29/01
01/29/01
1
Christpher T. Spear
Asst. Secy. - Policy
04/04/01
04/06/01
2
Kristine A. Iverson
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
04/05/01
04/06/01
1
Intergovernmental Affairs
Patrick Pizzella
Asst. Secy. - Administration and Management
04/25/01
05/09/01
14
David D. Lauriski
Asst. Secy. - Mine Safety and Health
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Ann L. Combs
Asst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare Benefits
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
Administration
Shinae Chun
Dir. - Women’s Bureau
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
D. Cameron Findlay
Deputy Secretary
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
John L. Henshaw
Asst. Secy. - OSHA
06/12/01
08/03/01
52
Emily S. DeRocco
Asst. Secy. - Employment and Training
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Administration
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Training
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
09/04/01
Returned 11/20/02c
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and
09/04/01
11/08/01
65
Training
Tammy D. McCutchen
Admin. - Wage and Hour Division
09/14/01
12/08/01
85
W. Michael Cox
Assistant Secretary
10/18/01
Withdrawn 11/07/01
Samuel T. Mok
Chief Financial Officer
10/18/01
01/25/02
66
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
Recess appointment 01/11/02d
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
02/05/02
Returned 11/20/02c
Victoria A. Lipnic
Asst. Secy. - Employment Standards
02/27/02
03/22/02
23
Administration
W. Roy Grizzard, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment Policy
03/14/02
07/26/02
134
Kathleen M. Harrington Asst. Secy. - Office of Public Affairs
03/20/02
04/26/02
37
Kathleen P. Utgoff
Commissioner - Bureau of Labor Statistics
03/21/02
07/26/02
127
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
40
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
24
a. If the number of days Juarbe’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate was included, the “days to
confirm” for his nomination would not change, because no days elapsed during the time his first nomination was
in the Senate. Consequently the mean and median also would not change.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

CRS-32
c. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. This recess appointment was made on Jan. 11, 2002, between the end of the first session and the beginning of the
second session of the 107th Congress, and it expired at the end of the 107th Congress. For further information, see
notes to “Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Labor” (next table).
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Labor
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Elaine L. Chao
I
Deputy Secretary
D. Cameron Findlay
II
Asst. Secy. - Administration and Management
Patrick Pizzella
IV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs
Kristine A. Iverson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Employment and Training Administration
Emily S. DeRocco
IV
Asst. Secy. - Employment Standards Administration
Victoria A. Lipnic
IV
Asst. Secy. - Mine Safety and Health Administration
David D. Lauriski
IV
Asst. Secy. - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
John L. Henshaw
IV
Asst. Secy. - Office of Public Affairs
Kathleen M. Harrington
IV
Asst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration
Ann L. Combs
IV
Asst. Secy. - Policy
Christopher T. Spear
IV
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and Training
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.
IV
Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment Policy
W. Roy Grizzard, Jr.
IV
Chief Financial Officera
Samuel T. Mok
IV
Commissioner - Bureau of Labor Statisticsb
Kathleen P. Utgoff
IV
Inspector Generalc
Gordon S. Heddelld
IV
Solicitor
Howard Radzely (A)e
IV
Administrator - Wage and Hour Division
Tammy D. McCutchen
Vg
Director - Women’s Bureauf
Shinae Chun
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
b. Four-year term (29 U.S.C. 3).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
e. As noted in the previous table, Eugene Scalia was recess appointed to this position on Jan. 11, 2001. The recess
appointment expired at the close of the 107th Congress. Several days before the appointment expired, Scalia was
appointed to a non-career Senior Executive Service position, Senior Advisor to the Secretary. With the position
of Solicitor technically vacant, the President then gave Scalia a temporary appointment to the position, on Nov.
22, 2002, under the provisions of the Vacancies Act (5 U.S.C. 3345(a)(3)). Under the Act, Scalia could have
served at least 210 days in this capacity. He resigned from the post on Jan. 6, 2003, and Howard Radzely became
acting solicitor on Jan. 7, 2003.
f. By statute, the incumbent must be a woman (29 U.S.C. 12).
g. Ungraded senior level position with a salary maximum equal to Executive Schedule Level IV.

CRS-33
Department of State (DOS)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Peter F. Romero
Asst. Secy. - Inter-American Affairs
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
James F. Dobbins
Asst. Secy. - European Affairs
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Colin L. Powell
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Marc I. Grossman
Under Secy. - Political Affairs
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
Richard L. Armitage
Deputy Secretary
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
John R. Bolton
Under Secy. - Arms Control and
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
International Security Affairs
Grant S. Green, Jr.
Under Secy. - Management
03/08/01
03/28/01
20
William H. Taft IV
Legal Advisor
03/08/01
04/05/01
28
James A. Kelly
Asst. Secy. - East Asian and Pacific Affairs
04/03/01
04/26/01
23
Paula J. Dobriansky
Under Secy. - Global Affairs
04/04/01
04/26/01
22
Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr. Asst. Secy. - Political and Military Affairs
04/05/01
05/22/01
47
A. Elizabeth Jones
Asst. Secy. - European and Eurasian Affairs
04/23/01
05/25/01
32
Walter H. Kansteiner III
Asst. Secy. - African Affairs
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Lorne W. Craner
Asst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights,
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
and Labor
William J. Burns
Asst. Secy. - Near Eastern Affairs
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Ruth A. Davis
Director General - Foreign Service
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Carl W. Ford, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and Research
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Christina B. Rocca
Asst. Secy. - South Asian Affairs
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Paul V. Kelly
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
05/14/01
05/25/01
11
John D. Negroponte
U.S. Representative - United Nations
05/14/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Pierre-Richard Prosper
Amb.-at-Large - War Crimes Issues
05/16/01
07/11/01
56
Francis X. Taylor
Coordinator - Counterterrorism
05/22/01
07/11/01
50
William A. Eaton
Asst. Secy. - Administration
06/05/01
07/11/01
36
Clark K. Ervin
Inspector General
06/14/01
08/01/01
48
Roger F. Noriega
U.S. Rep. - Organization of American States
06/26/01
08/01/01
36
Charlotte L. Beers
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public
06/29/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Affairs
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
07/12/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Patricia Harrison
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural
07/23/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Affairs

CRS-34
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
John F. Turner
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
Patricia Harrison
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Affairs
Charlotte L. Beers
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Affairs
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
09/04/01
Returned 12/20/01d
John F. Turner
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International
09/04/01
10/30/01
56
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
John D. Negroponte
U.S. Representative - United Nations
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
John S. Wolf
Asst. Secy. - Non-proliferation
09/10/01
09/26/01
16
Patrick F. Kennedy
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Management and
10/02/01
10/12/01
10
Reform
Sichan Siv
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Economic and Social
10/18/01
11/09/01
22
Council
Christopher B. Burnham
Chief Financial Officer
10/16/01
01/25/02
68
Christopher B. Burnham
Asst. Secy. - Resource Management
10/30/01
01/25/02
54
Richard S. Williamson
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Special Political
11/01/01
11/09/01
8
Affairs
John V. Hanford III
Amb.-at-Large - International Religious
11/07/01
01/25/02
46
Freedom
Arthur E. Dewey
Asst. Secy. - Population, Refugees, and
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Migration Affairs
Grant S. Green, Jr.
Dep. Secy. - Management and Resources
12/04/01
Returned 11/20/02e
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
Recess appointment 01/11/02f
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
02/26/02
Returned 11/20/02e
Stephen G. Rademaker
Asst. Secy. - Arms Control
03/04/02
08/01/02
150
Paula A. DeSutter
Asst. Secy. - Verification and Compliance
03/22/02
08/01/02
132
Kim R. Holmes
Asst. Secy. - International Organizations
09/03/02
11/14/02
72
Francis X. Taylor
Asst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and
09/04/02
11/12/02
69
Director - Office of Foreign Missions
Maura A. Harty
Asst. Secy. - Consular Affairs
09/12/02
11/14/02
63
J. Cofer Black
Amb.-at-Large - Coordinator -
10/10/02
11/14/02
35
Counterterrorism
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
37
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
25
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the
following “days to confirm” would change as noted: Harrison (33), Beers (57), Turner (59), and Negroponte (91).

CRS-35
The average number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 40. The median would
be 33.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. This nomination was one of two excepted from the unanimous-consent agreement that prevented most nominations
from automatically being returned to the President at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
e. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
f. This recess appointment was made on Jan. 11, 2002, between the end of the first session and the beginning of the
second session of the 107th Congress, and it expired at the end of the 107th Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of State
Positionsa
Incumbent
Level
Department
Secretary
Colin L. Powell
I
Deputy Secretary
Richard L. Armitage
II
Deputy Secretary - Management and Resources
—
II
Under Secy. - Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs
Alan Larsonb
III
Under Secy. - Global Affairs
Paula Dobriansky
III
Under Secy. - Arms Control and International Security
John R. Bolton
III
Under Secy. - Management
Grant S. Green, Jr.
III
Under Secy. - Political Affairs
Marc I. Grossman
III
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs
Charlotte L. Beers
III
Ambassador-at-Large - International Religious Freedom
John V. Hanford III
III
Ambassador-at-Large - Newly Independent States
—
IV
Ambassador-at-Large - War Crimes
Pierre-Richard Prosper
IV
Ambassador-at-Large - Coordinator - Counterterrorism
J. Cofer Black
IV
Asst. Secy. - Administration
William A. Eaton
IV
Asst. Secy. - African Affairs
Walter H. Kansteiner III
IV
Asst. Secy. - Arms Control
Stephen G. Rademaker
IV
Asst. Secy. - Consular Affairs
Maura A. Harty
IV
Asst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Lorne W. Craner
IV
Asst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and Director - Office of Foreign
Francis X. Taylor
IV
Missions
Asst. Secy. - East Asia and Pacific Affairs
James A. Kelly
IV
Asst. Secy. - Economic and Business Affairs
Earl A. Wayneb
IV
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural Affairs
Patricia Harrison
IV
Asst. Secy. - European and Eurasian Affairs
A. Elizabeth Jones
IV
Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and Research
Carl W. Ford, Jr.
IV
Asst. Secy. - International Narcotics and Law Enforcement
Paul Simons (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - International Organizations
Kim R. Holmes
IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
Paul V. Kelly
IV
Asst. Secy. - Near Eastern Affairs
William J. Burns
IV
Asst. Secy. - Non-proliferation
John S. Wolf
IV
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific
John F. Turner
IV
Affairs
Asst. Secy. - Political and Military Affairs
Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr.
IV
Asst. Secy. - Population, Refugee, and Migration Affairs
Arthur E. Dewey
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
Richard A. Boucherb
IV
Asst. Secy. - South Asian Affairs
Christina B. Rocca
IV
Asst. Secy. - Verification and Compliance
Paula A. DeSutter
IV
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
—
IV
Asst. Secy. - Resource Management
Christopher B. Burnham
IV
Chief Financial Officerc
Christopher B. Burnham
IV

CRS-36
Counselor
—
IV
Director General - Foreign Serviced
Ruth A. Davis
IV
Inspector Generale
Clark K. Ervin
IV
Legal Adviser
William H. Taft IV
IV
Special Negotiator - Chemical and Biological Arms Control
Donald Mahleyb
IV
Special Representative of President
—
IV
International Organizations
U.S. Representative - United Nations
John D. Negroponte
II
U.S. Representative - Organization of American States
Roger F. Noriega
FEf
U.S. Deputy Representative - United Nations
James B. Cunninghamb
III
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Economic and Social Council
Sichan Siv
IV
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Management and Reform
Patrick F. Kennedy
IV
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Special Political Affairs
Richard S. Williamson
IV
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include chiefs of mission in overseas posts.
b. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
d. By law, incumbent must be a career senior foreign service officer (22 U.S.C. 3928).
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. Senior Foreign Service - political appointment on a career track.

CRS-37
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
Confirma
Norman Y. Mineta
Secretary
01/24/01
01/24/01
1
Michael P. Jackson
Deputy Secretary
03/08/01
05/03/01
56
Donna R. McLean
Asst. Secy. - Budget and Programsb
04/03/01
05/25/01
52
Sean B. O’Hollaren
Asst. Secy. - Governmental Affairs
04/04/01
05/25/01
51
Allan Rutter
Admin. - Federal Railroad Administration
05/14/01
07/19/01
66
Jennifer L. Dorn
Admin. - Federal Transit Administration
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
Ellen G. Engleman
Admin. - Research and Special Programs
06/07/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Administration
Kirk Van Tine
General Counsel
06/12/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Jeffrey W. Runge
Admin. - National Highway Traffic Safety
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Administration
Mary E. Peters
Admin. - Federal Highway Administration
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Joseph M. Clapp
Admin. - Federal Motor Carrier Safety
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01c
Administration
Kirk Van Tine
General Counsel
09/04/01
09/24/01
20
Ellen G. Engleman
Admin. - Research and Special Programs
09/04/01
09/21/01
17
Administration
Joseph M. Clapp
Admin. - Federal Motor Carrier Safety
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Administration
Mary E. Peters
Admin. - Federal Highway Administration
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Read Van de Water
Asst. Secy. - Aviation and International
09/12/01
09/21/01
9
Affairs
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
09/14/01
Returned 11/20/02 d
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
10/10/01
Returned 11/20/02 d
William Schubert
Admin. - Maritime Administration
10/18/01
11/30/01
43
John Magaw
Under Secy. - Security
12/13/01
01/28/02
13
John Magaw
Under Secy. - Security
Recess appointment 01/07/02e
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
Recess appointment 03/29/02e
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
Recess appointment 03/29/02e
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02 d
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02 d
Marion C. Blakey
Admin. - Federal Aviation Administration
07/26/02
09/11/02
15
James M. Loy
Under Secy. - Security
11/14/02
11/18/02
4
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
30
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
22

CRS-38
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the
following “days to confirm” would change as noted: Van Tine (72), Engleman (74), Peters (25). Clapp’s total
would not change, since no days elapsed while his first nomination was in the Senate. The mean number of days
to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 37. The median would be 41.
b. The Senate nominations database, [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/], indicates that McLean was nominated only to
this position. Prior to her nomination, on March 7, 2001, however, the President had announced his intention to
appoint her as CFO as well (see [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/briefings/20010307.html], visited March 26,
2001).
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
e. Magaw was nominated prior to his recess appointment and confirmed soon after his the appointment. His recess
appointment would have expired at the end of the 107th Congress. The recess appointments of Frankel and Shane
expire at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Transportation
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Norman Y. Mineta
I
Deputy Secretary
Michael P. Jackson
II
Under Secretary - Security
James M. Loy
II
Administrator - Federal Aviation Administrationa
Marion C. Blakey
II
Administrator - Federal Highway Administration
Mary E. Peters
II
Administrator - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Annette Sandberg (A)
III
Administrator - Federal Railroad Administration
Allan Rutter
III
Administrator - Federal Transit Administration
Jennifer L. Dorn
III
Administrator - Maritime Administration
William Schubert
III
Administrator - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Jeffrey W. Runge
III
Administrator - Research and Special Programs Administration
Ellen G. Engleman
III
Administrator - St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporationb
Albert S. Jacquez
IV
Asst. Secy. - Aviation and International Affairs
Read Van de Water
IV
Asst. Secy. - Budget and Programs and Chief Financial Officerc
Donna R. McLean
IV
Asst. Secy. - Governmental Affairs
Sean B. O’Hollaren
IV
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
Emil H. Frankeld
IV
Deputy Administrator - Federal Aviation Administration
—
IV
General Counsel
Kirk Van Tine
IV
Inspector Generale
Kenneth M. Meadf
IV
Associate Deputy Secretary
Jeffrey Shaned
V
Director - Bureau of Transportation Statisticsg
Richard Kowalewski (A)
V
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; incumbent may continue to serve after term expires until successor is appointed and confirmed (49
U.S.C. 106(b)). Blakey was confirmed by the Senate on Sept. 11, 2002.
b. Seven-year term; if position becomes vacant before term expires, appointment may be only to complete unexpired
term (33 U.S.C. 982(a)). Jacquez was confirmed by the Senate on July 1, 1999.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). See also note b from previous table.
d. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
g. Four-year term (49 U.S.C. 111(b)).

CRS-39
Department of the Treasury (TREA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirma
Paul H. O’Neill
Secretary
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Mark A. Weinberger
Asst. Secy. - Tax Policy
02/26/01
03/01/01
3
David Aufhauser
General Counsel
02/28/01
05/26/01
87
John M. Duncan
Dep. Under Secy. - Legislative Affairs
02/28/01
02/28/01
1
Kenneth W. Dam
Deputy Secretary
03/08/01
08/03/01
148
Michele A. Davis
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public
03/22/01
08/03/01
134
Liaison
John B. Taylor
Under Secy. - International Affairs
04/04/01
05/26/01
52
Jimmy Gurule
Under Secy. - Enforcement
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Peter R. Fisher
Under Secy. - Domestic Finance
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Brian C. Roseboro
Asst. Secy. - Financial Markets
05/14/01
07/19/01
66
Sheila Bair
Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions
06/07/01
07/19/01
42
Robert C. Bonner
Commissioner of Customs
06/26/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Rosario Marin
Treasurer of the United States
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Henrietta H. Fore
Director of the Mint
06/29/01
08/03/01
35
James Gilleran
Director - Office of Thrift Supervision
07/25/01
Returned 08/03/01b
B. John Williams, Jr.
Chief Counsel - IRS and Assistant General
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01b
Counsel - Tax
James Gilleran
Director - Office of Thrift Supervision
09/04/01
11/28/01
85
B. John Williams, Jr.
Chief Counsel - IRS and Assistant General
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Counsel - Tax
Robert C. Bonner
Commissioner of Customs
09/04/01
09/19/01
15
Richard Clarida
Asst. Secy. - Economic Policy
10/31/01
01/25/02
53
Kenneth Lawson
Asst. Secy. - Enforcement
10/31/01
03/22/02
109
Edward Kingman, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Management
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Edward Kingman, Jr.
Chief Financial Officer
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Randal Quarles
Dep. Under Secy. - International Affairs
12/05/01
03/22/02
74
Pamela F. Olson
Asst. Secy. - Tax Policy
07/18/02
09/05/02
17
Wayne Abernathy
Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions
08/01/02
11/14/02
73
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
61
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
53

CRS-40
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Gilleran’s total would be 94 and Bonner’s total would be 53. Williams’ total would be unchanged, because no
days elapsed during the time his first nomination was in the Senate. The mean number of days to confirm a
nomination for the department would be 63, and the median would remain 53.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of the Treasury
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Kenneth W. Dam (A)
I
Deputy Secretary
Kenneth W. Dam
II
Commissioner of Internal Revenuea
Robert E. Wenzel (A)
III
Commissioner of Customs
Robert C. Bonner
III
Comptroller of the Currencyb
John D. Hawke, Jr.
III
Director - Office of Thrift Supervisionc
James Gilleran
III
Under Secy. - Domestic Finance
Peter R. Fisher
III
Under Secy. - Enforcement
Jimmy Gurule
III
Under Secy. - International Affairs
John B. Taylor
III
Asst. Secy. - Economic Policy
Richard Clarida
IV
Asst. Secy. - Enforcement
Kenneth Lawson
IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions
Wayne Abernathy
IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Markets
Brian C. Roseboro
IV
Asst. Secy. - Management and Chief Financial Officerd
Teresa M. Ressel (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public Liaison
Michele A. Davis
IV
Asst. Secy. - Tax Policy
Pamela F. Olson
IV
Deputy Under Secy./Asst. Secy. - International Affairs
Randal Quarles
IV
Deputy Under Secy./Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
John M. Duncan
IV
General Counsel
David Aufhauser
IV
Inspector Generale
Jeffrey Rush, Jr.f
IV
Inspector General for Tax Administration
Pamela Gardiner (A)
IV
Chief Counsel - IRS/Assistant General Counsel for Tax
B. John Williams, Jr.
V
Director of the Mintg
Henrietta H. Fore
SLh
Treasurer of the United States
Rosario Marin
SLh
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to complete the
unexpired term (26 U.S.C. 7803(a)(1)). The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a
successor is appointed and qualifies (31 U.S.C. 310).
b. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reason to
the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a successor is appointed (12 U.S.C.
2, and 31 U.S.C. 310). Hawke was confirmed by the Senate on Oct. 7, 1999.
c. Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to complete the
unexpired term. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a successor is appointed (12
U.S.C. 1462a(c) and 31 U.S.C. 310). Gilleran’s term expired on Oct. 23, 2002.
d. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
g. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reasons to
Congress. The incumbent may continue in office after the term expires until a successor is appointed (31 U.S.C.
304 and 310). Fore was confirmed by the Senate on Aug. 3, 2001.
h. Ungraded senior level position with a base pay maximum at a rate equal to Executive Schedule Level IV, but base plus
locality maximum is Executive Schedule Level III.

CRS-41
Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
Nominee
Position
Nominated
Confirmed
confirm
Anthony J. Principi
Secretary
01/20/01
01/23/01
3
Tim S. McClain
General Counsel
03/22/01
04/06/01
15
Maureen P. Cragin
Asst. Secy. - Public and Intergovernmental
04/23/01
05/24/01
31
Affairs
Leo S. Mackay, Jr.
Deputy Secretary
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Robin L. Higgins
Under Secy. - Memorial Affairs
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Gordon H. Mansfield
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Legislative
04/30/01
08/01/01
93
Affairs
Jacob Lozada
Asst. Secy. - Human Resources and
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Admininstration
Claude M. Kicklighter
Asst. Secy. - Policy and Planning
06/27/01
08/03/01
37
John A. Gauss
Asst. Secy. - Information and Technology
07/17/01
08/03/01
17
Daniel L. Cooper
Under Secy. - Benefits
02/05/02
03/22/02
45
Robert H. Roswell
Under Secy. - Health
02/06/02
03/22/02
44
William H. Campbell
Asst. Secy. - Management
06/06/02
06/06/02
1
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination
30
Median number of days to confirm a nomination
24

CRS-42
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Positions
Incumbent
Level
Secretary
Anthony J. Principi
I
Deputy Secretary
Leo S. Mackay, Jr.
II
Under Secretary - Benefitsa
Daniel L. Cooper
III
Under Secretary - Healthb
Robert H. Roswell
III
Under Secretary - Memorial Affairs
S. Eric Benson (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Legislative Affairs
Gordon H. Mansfield
IV
Asst. Secy. - Human Resources and Administration
Jacob Lozada
IV
Asst. Secy. - Management and Chief Financial Officerc
William H. Campbell
IV
Asst. Secy. - Policy and Planning
Claude M. Kicklighter
IV
Asst. Secy. - Public and Intergovernmental Affairs
Thomas G. Bowman (A)
IV
Asst. Secy. - Information and Technology
John A. Gauss
IV
Chairman - Board of Veterans’ Appealsd
Eligah D. Clark
IV
General Counsel
Tim S. McClain
IV
Inspector Generale
Richard J. Griffinf
IV
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reasons to
the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after a term expires until a successor is appointed (17 U.S.C.
2, and 31 U.S.C. 309). Cooper was confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 22, 2002.
b. Four-year term; incumbent must be a medical doctor. If the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the
President must communicate the reasons for the removal to Congress (38 U.S.C. 305(a) and (c)). Roswell was
confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 22, 2002.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). Department representatives have indicated that positions will be combined as
noted in the table.
d. Six-year term; the President may remove the incumbent before a term expires only for misconduct, inefficiency,
neglect of duty, or engaging in the practice of law or for physical or mental disability (38 U.S.C. 4000(b)(1)).
Clark was confirmed by the Senate on Oct. 21, 1998.
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he “shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress” (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.

CRS-43
Appendix A. Nominations and Recess Appointments,
107th Congress
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Charles S. Abell
Asst. Secy. - Force Management Policy
DOD
03/29/01
05/03/01
35
Charles S. Abell
Dep. Under Secy. - Personnel and Readiness
DOD
03/20/02
11/12/02
205
Wayne Abernathy
Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions
TREA
08/01/02
11/14/02
73
Spencer Abraham
Secretary
DOE
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Grant D. Aldonas
Under Secy. - International Trade
DOC
03/29/01
05/10/01
42
Administration
Edward C. Aldridge, Jr.
Under Secy. - Acquisition, Technology, and
DOD
04/23/01
05/08/01
15
Logistics
Claude A. Allen
Deputy Secretary
HHS
04/25/01
05/26/01
31
Theresa Alvillar-Speake
Director - Office of Minority Economic Impact
DOE
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Angela M. Antonelli
Chief Financial Officer
HUD
05/16/01
07/12/01
57
Richard L. Armitage
Deputy Secretary
DOS
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
John Ashcroft
Attorney General
DOJ
01/29/01
02/01/01
3
David Aufhauser
General Counsel
TREA
02/28/01
05/26/01
87
Dionel M. Aviles
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Financial Management and
DOD
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Comptroller
Alex Azar II
General Counsel
HHS
06/07/01
08/03/01
57
Vicky A. Bailey
Asst. Secy. - International Affairs and Domestic
DOE
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Policy
Sheila Bair
Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions
TREA
06/07/01
07/19/01
42
Brenda L. Becker
Asst. Secy. - Legislative and Government
DOC
03/29/01
05/03/01
35
Affairs
Everet Beckner
Dep. Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSA
DOE
09/25/01
01/25/02
89
Charlotte L. Beers
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public
DOS
06/29/01
Returned 08/03/01
Affairs
Charlotte L. Beers
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public
DOS
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Affairs
Arden Bement, Jr.
Director - National Institute of Standards and
DOC
10/23/01
11/30/01
38
Technology
Juan Carlos Benitez
Special Counsel - Immigration-Related Unfair
DOJ
09/12/01
11/06/01
55
Employment Practices
Roy A. Bernardi
Asst. Secy. - Community Planning and
HUD
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Development
J. Cofer Black
Amb.-at-Large - Coordinator - Counterterrorism
DOS
10/10/02
11/14/02
35
Francis S. Blake
Deputy Secretary
DOE
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Marion C. Blakey
Admin. - Federal Aviation Administration
DOT
07/26/02
09/11/02
15
Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr. Asst. Secy. - Political and Military Affairs
DOS
04/05/01
05/22/01
47
Samuel W. Bodman
Deputy Secretary
DOC
06/18/01
07/19/01
31
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Army - Acquisition, Logistics, and
DOD
11/08/01
12/20/01
42
Technology
John R. Bolton
Under Secy. - Arms Control and International
DOS
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
Security

CRS-44
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Phillip J. Bond
Under Secy. - Technology
DOC
09/04/01
10/23/01
49
Robert C. Bonner
Commissioner of Customs
TREA
06/26/01
Returned 08/03/01
Robert C. Bonner
Commissioner of Customs
TREA
09/04/01
09/19/01
15
Eric M. Bost
Under Secy. - Food, Nutrition, and Consumer
USDA
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Services
Ralph F. Boyd, Jr.
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Civil Rights Division
DOJ
04/30/01
07/20/01
81
Linton F. Brooks
Dep. Admin - Defense Nuclear
DOE
07/19/01
Returned 08/03/01
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Linton F. Brooks
Dep. Admin - Defense Nuclear
DOE
09/04/01
10/16/01
42
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Dan R. Brouillette
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
DOE
06/28/01
08/01/01
34
Intergovernmental Affairs
John B. Brown III
Dep. Admin. - Drug Enforcement
DOJ
02/11/02
04/12/02
60
Administration
Reginald J. Brown
Asst. Secy. - Army - Manpower and Reserve
DOD
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
Affairs
R. L. Brownlee
Under Secy. - Army
DOD
10/30/01
11/08/01
9
Daniel J. Bryant
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Legislative Affairs
DOJ
03/28/01
05/10/01
43
Nancy S. Bryson
General Counsel
USDA
12/20/01
03/22/02
59
Christopher B. Burnham
Chief Financial Officer
DOS
10/16/01
01/25/02
68
Christopher B. Burnham
Asst. Secy. - Resource Management
DOS
10/30/01
01/25/02
54
William J. Burns
Asst. Secy. - Near Eastern Affairs
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Jay S. Bybee
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal Counsel
DOJ
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01
Jay S. Bybee
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal Counsel
DOJ
09/04/01
10/23/01
49
Stephen A. Cambone
Dep. Under Secy. - Policy
DOD
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
William H. Campbell
Asst. Secy. - Management
DVA
06/06/02
06/06/02
1
Rebecca O. Campoverde
Asst. Secy. - Legislative and Congressional
ED
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Affairs
Josefina Carbonell
Asst. Secy. - Aging
HHS
06/08/01
08/01/01
54
Robert G. Card
Under Secretary - Energy, Science, and
DOE
05/02/01
05/25/01
23
Environment
Richard H. Carmona
Surgeon General
HHS
06/25/02
07/23/02
28
Bruce M. Carnes
Chief Financial Officer
DOE
04/23/01
05/25/01
32
Guy F. Caruso
Admin. - Energy Information Administration
DOE
02/05/02
07/26/02
171
Elaine L. Chao
Secretary
DOL
01/29/01
01/29/01
1
Michael Chertoff
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Criminal Division
DOJ
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Thomas P. Christie
Director - Operational Testing and Evaluation
DOD
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
David S. C. Chu
Under Secy. - Personnel and Readiness
DOD
04/30/01
05/26/01
26
Margaret S. Y. Chu
Dir. - Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste
DOE
11/09/01
03/06/02
84
Management
Shinae Chun
Dir. - Women’s Bureau
DOL
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
Maria Cino
Asst. Secy. and Dir. Gen. of US and Foreign
DOC
04/06/01
05/25/01
49
Commercial Service
Joseph M. Clapp
Admin. - Federal Motor Carrier Administration
DOT
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01
Joseph M. Clapp
Admin. - Federal Motor Carrier Administration
DOT
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Richard Clarida
Asst. Secy. - Economic Policy
TREA
10/31/01
01/25/02
53

CRS-45
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Kathleen B. Clarke
Dir. - Bureau of Land Management
DOI
10/18/01
12/20/01
63
Victoria Clarke
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
DOD
04/05/01
05/17/01
42
Ann L. Combs
Asst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare Benefits
DOL
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
Administration
Linda M. Conlin
Asst. Secy. - Trade Development
DOC
06/28/01
08/03/01
36
Beverly Cook
Asst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and Health
DOE
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Daniel L. Cooper
Under Secy. - Benefits
DVA
02/05/02
03/22/02
45
Kathleen B. Cooper
Under Secy. - Economic Affairs
DOC
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
W. Michael Cox
Assistant Secretary
DOL
10/18/01
Withdrawn 11/07/01
Maureen P. Cragin
Asst. Secy. - Public and Intergovernmental
DVA
04/23/01
05/24/01
31
Affairs
Lorne W. Craner
Asst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights, and
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Labor
Jack D. Crouch II
Asst. Secy. - International Security Policy
DOD
05/07/01
08/01/01
86
Charles Curie
Admin. - Substance Abuse and Mental Health
HHS
10/02/01
10/25/01
23
Services Administration
Kenneth W. Dam
Deputy Secretary
TREA
03/08/01
08/03/01
148
Carol D’Amico
Asst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult Education
ED
06/29/01
07/19/01
20
Deborah J. Daniels
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Justice Programs
DOJ
06/05/01
Returned 08/03/01
Deborah J. Daniels
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Justice Programs
DOJ
09/04/01
09/21/01
17
Michele A. Davis
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public Liaison
TREA
03/22/01
08/03/01
134
Ruth A. Davis
Director General - Foreign Service
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Emily S. DeRocco
Asst. Secy. - Employment and Training
DOL
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Administration
Paula A. DeSutter
Asst. Secy. - Verification and Compliance
DOS
03/22/02
08/01/02
132
Arthur E. Dewey
Asst. Secy. - Population, Refugees, and
DOS
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Migration Affairs
Viet D. Dinh
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal Policy
DOJ
04/23/01
05/24/01
31
James F. Dobbins
Asst. Secy. - European Affairs
DOS
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
Paula J. Dobriansky
Under Secy. - Global Affairs
DOS
04/04/01
04/26/01
22
Michael L. Dominguez
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Manpower and
DOD
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Reserve Affairs
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.
Inspector General
HUD
07/25/01
Returned 08/03/01
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.
Inspector General
HUD
09/04/01
03/22/02
166
Jennifer L. Dorn
Administrator - Federal Transit Administration
DOT
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
USDA
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
USDA
09/04/01
Returned 11/20/02
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
USDA
Recess Appointment 08/06/02
Thomas C. Dorr
Under Secy. - Rural Development
USDA
09/30/02
Returned 11/20/02
James Dorskind
General Counsel
DOC
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
John M. Duncan
Dep. Under Secy. - Legislative Affairs
TREA
02/28/01
02/28/01
1
William A. Eaton
Asst. Secy. - Administration
DOS
06/05/01
07/11/01
36
Gordan England
Secretary - Navy
DOD
04/30/01
05/22/01
22

CRS-46
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Ellen G. Engleman
Admin. - Research and Special Programs
DOT
06/07/01
Returned 08/03/01
Administration
Ellen G. Engleman
Admin. - Research and Special Programs
DOT
09/04/01
09/21/01
17
Administration
Clark K. Ervin
Inspector General
DOS
06/14/01
08/01/01
48
Donald L. Evans
Secretary
DOC
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Douglas J. Feith
Under Secy. - Policy
DOD
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Melody H. Fennel
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
HUD
07/10/01
08/03/01
24
Intergovernmental Relations
D. Cameron Findlay
Deputy Secretary
DOL
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Mario P. Fiori
Asst. Secy. - Army - Installations and
DOD
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Environment
Peter R. Fisher
Under Secy. - Domestic Finance
TREA
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
J. Robert Flores
Admin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and
DOJ
05/23/01
Returned 08/03/01
Delinquency Prevention
J. Robert Flores
Admin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and
DOJ
09/04/01
04/12/02
187
Delinquency Prevention
Phyllis K. Fong
Inspector General
USDA
03/14/02
11/14/02
213
Carl W. Ford, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and Research
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Henrietta H. Fore
Director of the Mint
TREA
06/29/01
08/03/01
35
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
DOT
09/14/01
Returned 11/20/02
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
DOT
Recess appointment 03/29/02
Emil H. Frankel
Asst. Secy. - Transportation Policy
DOT
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02
Sharee M. Freeman
Dir. - Community Relations Service
DOJ
06/19/01
Returned 08/03/01
Sharee M. Freeman
Dir. - Community Relations Service
DOJ
09/04/01
11/06/01
63
Lou Gallegos
Asst. Secy. - Administration
USDA
04/25/01
05/22/01
27
Michael J. Garcia
Asst. Secy. - Export Enforcement
DOC
06/18/01
08/03/01
46
David Garman
Asst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and Renewable
DOE
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Energy
John A. Gauss
Asst. Secy. - Information and Technology
DVA
07/17/01
08/03/01
17
Nelson F. Gibbs
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Installations and
DOD
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Environment
James Gilleran
Director - Office of Thrift Supervision
TREA
07/25/01
Returned 08/03/01
James Gilleran
Director - Office of Thrift Supervision
TREA
09/04/01
11/28/01
85
John W. Gillis
Dir. - Office for Victims of Crime
DOJ
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01
John W. Gillis
Dir. - Office for Victims of Crime
DOJ
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
Grant S. Green, Jr.
Under Secy. - Management
DOS
03/08/01
03/28/01
20
Grant S. Green, Jr.
Dep. Secy. - Management and Resources
DOS
12/04/01
Returned 11/20/02
Lawrence A. Greenfeld
Director - Bureau of Justice Statistics
DOJ
11/27/01
07/29/02
211
J. Steven Griles
Deputy Secretary
DOI
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
W. Roy Grizzard, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment Policy
DOL
03/14/02
07/26/02
134
Marc I. Grossman
Under Secy. - Political Affairs
DOS
03/08/01
03/23/01
15
Jimmy Gurule
Under Secy. - Enforcement
TREA
04/30/01
08/03/01
95

CRS-47
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Janet Hale
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance
HHS
05/22/01
Returned 08/03/01
Janet Hale
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance
HHS
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Thomas F. Hall
Asst. Secy. - Reserve Affairs
DOD
04/22/02
10/02/02
131
John V. Hanford III
Amb.-at-Large - International Religious
DOS
11/07/01
01/25/02
46
Freedom
William D. Hansen
Deputy Secretary
ED
04/23/01
05/22/01
29
Kathleen M. Harrington
Asst. Secy. - Office of Public Affairs
DOL
03/20/02
04/26/02
37
Patricia Harrison
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural Affairs
DOS
07/23/01
Returned 08/03/01
Patricia Harrison
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural Affairs
DOS
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Sarah V. Hart
Dir. - National Institute of Justice
DOJ
05/24/01
08/02/01
70
Maura A. Harty
Asst. Secy. - Consular Affairs
DOS
09/12/02
11/14/02
63
Richard A. Hauser
General Counsel
HUD
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
William T. Hawks
Under Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory
USDA
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Programs
William J. Haynes II
General Counsel
DOD
04/23/01
05/17/01
24
John L. Henshaw
Asst. Secy. - OSHA
DOL
06/12/01
08/03/01
52
Eugene W. Hickok, Jr.
Under Secretary
ED
04/30/01
07/10/01
71
John P. Higgins, Jr.
Inspector General
ED
09/18/02
11/14/02
57
Robin L. Higgins
Under Secy. - Memorial Affairs
DVA
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Kim R. Holmes
Asst. Secy. - International Organizations
DOS
09/03/02
11/14/02
72
Elwood Holstein, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
DOC
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
Wade F. Horn
Asst. Secy. - Family Support
HHS
04/06/01
07/25/01
110
Asa Hutchinson
Administrator of Drug Enforcement
DOJ
06/12/01
08/01/01
50
Kristine A. Iverson
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and
DOL
04/05/01
04/06/01
1
Intergovernmental Affairs
Alphonso R. Jackson
Deputy Secretary
HUD
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Michael P. Jackson
Deputy Secretary
DOT
03/08/01
05/03/01
56
Charles A. James, Jr.
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Antitrust Division
DOJ
04/06/01
06/14/01
69
Jeffrey D. Jarrett
Dir. - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
DOI
07/18/01
Returned 08/03/01
and Enforcement
Jeffrey D. Jarrett
Dir. - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
DOI
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
and Enforcement
Joseph J. Jen
Under Secy. - Research, Education, and
USDA
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Economics
Piyush Jindal
Asst. Secy. - Planning and Evaluation
HHS
04/06/01
05/25/01
49
James J. Jochum
Asst. Secy. - Export Administration
DOC
04/30/01
05/16/01
16
H. T. Johnson
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Installations and
DOD
06/28/01
08/03/01
36
Environment
A. Elizabeth Jones
Asst. Secy. - European and Eurasian Affairs
DOS
04/23/01
05/25/01
32
Brian Jones
General Counsel
ED
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01
Brian Jones
General Counsel
ED
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and
DOL
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01
Training
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and
DOL
09/04/01
11/08/01
65
Training

CRS-48
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Kenneth I. Juster
Under Secy. - Export Administration
DOC
03/15/01
05/10/01
56
Walter H. Kansteiner III
Asst. Secy. - African Affairs
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Theodore W. Kassinger
General Counsel
DOC
04/04/01
05/03/01
29
Kevin Keane
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
HHS
04/30/01
07/19/01
80
James A. Kelly
Asst. Secy. - East Asian and Pacific Affairs
DOS
04/03/01
04/26/01
23
Paul V. Kelly
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
DOS
05/14/01
05/25/01
11
Patrick F. Kennedy
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Management and Reform
DOS
10/02/01
10/12/01
10
John W. Keys III
Commissioner - Bureau of Reclamation
DOI
06/14/01
07/12/01
28
Claude M. Kicklighter
Asst. Secy. - Policy and Planning
DVA
06/27/01
08/03/01
37
Charles Louis Kincannon
Director - Census
DOC
11/15/01
03/13/02
85
Edward Kingman, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Chief Financial Officer
TREA
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Edward Kingman, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Management
TREA
11/15/01
01/25/02
38
Dale Klein
Asst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, and
DOD
10/18/01
11/08/01
21
Biological Defense Programs
William H. Lash III
Asst. Secy. - Market Access and Compliance
DOC
05/08/01
07/19/01
72
David D. Lauriski
Asst. Secy. - Mine Safety and Health
DOL
04/30/01
05/09/01
9
Conrad C. Lautenbacher,
Under Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
DOC
10/16/01
11/30/01
45
Jr.
Kenneth Lawson
Asst. Secy. - Enforcement
TREA
10/31/01
03/22/02
109
Hilda G. Legg
Admin. - Rural Utilities Service
USDA
06/21/01
Returned 08/03/01
Hilda G. Legg
Admin. - Rural Utilities Service
USDA
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
William Leidinger
Asst. Secy. - Management
ED
12/20/01
02/12/02
21
Victoria A. Lipnic
Asst. Secy. - Employment Standards
DOL
02/27/02
03/22/02
23
Administration
Michael M. F. Liu
Asst. Secy. - Public and Indian Housing
HUD
06/21/01
08/03/01
43
Susan M. Livingstone
Under Secy. - Navy
DOD
05/07/01
07/19/01
73
James M. Loy
Under Secy. - Security
DOT
11/14/02
11/18/02
4
Jacob Lozada
Asst. Secy. - Human Resources and
DVA
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Administration
Leo S. Mackay, Jr.
Deputy Secretary
DVA
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
John Magaw
Under Secy. - Security
DOT
12/13/01
01/28/02
13
John Magaw
Under Secy. - Security
DOT
Recess Appointment 01/07/02
James R. Mahoney
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere
DOC
12/04/01
03/22/02
75
Frances P. Mainella
Director - National Park Service
DOI
06/14/01
07/12/01
28
Gordon H. Mansfield
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Legislative
DVA
04/30/01
08/01/01
93
Affairs
Harold C. Manson
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
DOI
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Rosario Marin
Treasurer of the United States
TREA
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Jack Martin
Chief Financial Officer
ED
11/05/01
01/25/02
48
Melquiades R. Martinez
Secretary
HUD
01/20/01
01/23/01
3
Neal A. McCaleb
Asst. Secy. - Indian Affairs
DOI
05/22/01
06/29/01
38
Robert D. McCallum
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Civil Division
DOJ
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Tim S. McClain
General Counsel
DVA
03/22/01
04/06/01
15

CRS-49
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Mark B. McClellan
Commissioner - Food and Drug Administration
HHS
10/02/02
10/17/02
15
Tammy D. McCutchen
Admin. - Wage and Hour Division
DOL
09/14/01
12/08/01
85
Donna R. McLean
Asst. Secy. - Budget and Programs
DOT
04/03/01
05/25/01
52
Edward R. McPherson
Chief Financial Officer
USDA
09/12/01
09/26/01
14
Kyle E. McSlarrow
Deputy Secretary
DOE
05/01/02
11/14/02
165
Vickers B. Meadows
Asst. Secy. - Administration
HUD
11/15/01
03/22/02
94
Bruce P. Mehlman
Asst. Secy. - Technology Policy
DOC
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Norman Y. Mineta
Secretary
DOT
01/24/01
01/24/01
1
Samuel T. Mok
Chief Financial Officer
DOL
10/18/01
01/25/02
66
Michael Montelongo
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Financial Management
DOD
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
and Comptroller
Powell A. Moore
Asst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs
DOD
04/23/01
05/01/01
8
Alberto J. Mora
General Counsel - Navy
DOD
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
Diane K. Morales
Dep. Under Secy. - Logistics and Materiel
DOD
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
Readiness
Steven J. Morello, Sr.
General Counsel - Army
DOD
06/05/01
07/12/01
37
James R. Moseley
Deputy Secretary
USDA
06/19/01
07/12/01
23
Robert S. Mueller III
Dir. - Federal Bureau of Investigation
DOJ
07/18/01
08/02/01
15
Elsa A. Murano
Under Secy. - Food Safety
USDA
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01
Elsa A. Murano
Under Secy. - Food Safety
USDA
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Richard B. Myers
Chairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff
DOD
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
William G. Myers III
Solicitor
DOI
05/23/01
07/12/01
50
William A. Navas, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Manpower and Reserve
DOD
06/07/01
07/12/01
35
Affairs
Richard R. Nedelkoff
Dir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance
DOJ
06/05/01
Returned 08/03/01
Richard R. Nedelkoff
Dir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance
DOJ
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
John D. Negroponte
U.S. Representative - United Nations
DOS
05/14/01
Returned 08/03/01
John D. Negroponte
U.S. Representative - United Nations
DOS
09/04/01
09/14/01
10
Susan B. Neuman
Asst. Secy. - Elementary and Secondary
ED
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Education
Roger F. Noriega
U.S. Rep. - Organization of American States
DOS
06/26/01
08/01/01
36
Gale A. Norton
Secretary
DOI
01/20/01
01/30/01
10
Eileen J. O’Connor
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Tax Division
DOJ
05/24/01
07/20/01
57
Joan E. Ohl
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and Families
HHS
07/10/01
Returned 08/03/01
Joan E. Ohl
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and Families
HHS
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Sean B. O’Hollaren
Asst. Secy. - Governmental Affairs
DOT
04/04/01
05/25/01
51
Pamela F. Olson
Asst. Secy. - Tax Policy
TREA
07/18/02
09/05/02
17
Theodore B. Olson
Solicitor General
DOJ
03/13/01
05/24/01
72
Paul H. O’Neill
Secretary
TREA
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Raymond L. Orbach
Dir. - Office of Science
DOE
12/11/01
03/04/02
50
Lee S. L. Otis
General Counsel
DOE
04/25/01
05/24/01
29
Peter Pace
Vice Chairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff
DOD
09/04/01
09/26/01
22

CRS-50
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Sandra L. Pack
Asst. Secy. - Army - Financial Management and
DOD
10/10/01
11/08/01
29
Comptroller
Roderick R. Paige
Secretary
ED
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Michael Parker
Asst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works
DOD
06/19/01
Returned 08/03/01
Michael Parker
Asst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works
DOD
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Robert Pasternack
Asst. Secy. - Special Education and
ED
06/21/01
07/19/01
28
Rehabilitation Services
J. B. Penn
Under Secy. - Farm and Foreign Agricultural
USDA
04/30/01
05/22/01
22
Service
Carolyn Y. Peoples
Asst. Secy. - Fair Housing and Equal
HUD
06/07/02
11/12/02
126
Opportunity
Mary E. Peters
Admin. - Federal Highway Administration
DOT
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01
Mary E. Peters
Admin. - Federal Highway Administration
DOT
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Patrick Pizzella
Asst. Secy. - Administration and Management
DOL
04/25/01
05/09/01
14
Colin L. Powell
Secretary
DOS
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Anthony J. Principi
Secretary
DVA
01/20/01
01/23/01
3
Pierre-Richard Prosper
Amb.-at-Large - War Crimes Issues
DOS
05/16/01
07/11/01
56
Randal Quarles
Dep. Under Secy. - International Affairs
TREA
12/05/01
03/22/02
74
Stephen G. Rademaker
Asst. Secy. - Arms Control
DOS
03/04/02
08/01/02
150
Bennett W. Raley
Asst. Secy. - Water and Science
DOI
05/24/01
07/12/01
49
Janet Rehnquist
Inspector General
HHS
06/05/01
08/03/01
59
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
DOS
07/12/01
Returned 08/03/01
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
DOS
09/04/01
Returned 12/20/01
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
DOS
Recess Appointment, 01/11/02
Otto J. Reich
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs
DOS
02/26/02
Returned 11/20/02
Mark E. Rey
Under Secy. - Natural Resources and
USDA
06/21/01
Returned 08/03/01
Environment
Mark E. Rey
Under Secy. - Natural Resources and
USDA
09/04/01
09/26/01
22
Environment
Benigno G. Reyna
Director - U.S. Marshals Service
DOJ
09/12/01
10/25/01
43
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
ED
09/25/01
Returned 11/20/02
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
ED
Recess appointment 03/29/02
Gerald Reynolds
Asst. Secy. - Civil Rights
ED
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02
Laurie Rich
Asst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and Interagency
ED
06/12/01
07/19/01
37
Affairs
Jessie H. Roberson
Asst. Secy. - Environmental Management
DOE
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Christina B. Rocca
Asst. Secy. - South Asian Affairs
DOS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
James G. Roche
Secretary - Air Force
DOD
05/07/01
05/24/01
17
Peter W. Rodman
Asst. Secy. - International Security Affairs
DOD
05/14/01
07/12/01
59
James E. Rogan
Under Secy. - Intellectual Property and Director
DOC
05/24/01
Returned 08/03/01
U.S. Patent & Trademark
James E. Rogan
Under Secy. - Intellectual Property and Director
DOC
09/04/01
11/30/01
87
U.S. Patent & Trademark
Peter F. Romero
Asst. Secy. - Inter-American Affairs
DOS
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
Brian C. Roseboro
Asst. Secy. - Financial Markets
TREA
05/14/01
07/19/01
66

CRS-51
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Ronald A. Rosenfeld
Pres. - Government National Mortgage
HUD
05/23/01
07/12/01
50
Association
Robert H. Roswell
Under Secy. - Health
DVA
02/06/02
03/22/02
44
Donald H. Rumsfeld
Secretary
DOD
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Jeffrey W. Runge
Admin. - National Highway Traffic Safety
DOT
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Administration
Allan Rutter
Administrator - Federal Railroad
DOT
05/14/01
07/19/01
66
Administration
Marvin R. Sambur
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition
DOD
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01
Marvin R. Sambur
Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition
DOD
09/04/01
11/08/01
65
David A. Sampson
Asst. Secy. - Economic Development
DOC
04/30/01
08/03/01
95
Thomas L. Sansonetti
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Environment and Natural
DOJ
05/22/01
Returned 08/03/01
Resources
Thomas L. Sansonetti
Asst. Atty. Gen. - Environment and Natural
DOJ
09/04/01
11/30/01
87
Resources
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
DOL
04/30/01
Returned 08/03/01
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
DOL
09/04/01
Returned 11/20/02
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
DOL
Recess Appointment 01/11/02
Eugene Scalia
Solicitor
DOL
02/05/02
Returned 11/20/02
Patricia L. Scarlett
Asst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and Budget
DOI
05/14/01
07/12/01
59
Joseph E. Schmitz
Inspector General
DOD
06/18/01
Returned 08/03/01
Joseph E. Schmitz
Inspector General
DOD
09/04/01
03/21/02
165
William Schubert
Admin. - Maritime Administration
DOT
10/18/01
11/30/01
43
Thomas Scully
Admin. - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
HHS
04/30/01
05/25/01
25
Services
Ronald M. Sega
Director - Defense Research and Engineering
DOD
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
DOT
10/10/01
Returned 11/20/02
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
DOT
Recess appointment 03/29/02
Jeffrey Shane
Associate Deputy Secretary
DOT
05/16/02
Returned 11/20/02
Faryar Shirzad
Asst. Secy. - Import Administration
DOC
03/22/01
05/01/01
40
Islam A. Siddiqui
Under Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory
USDA
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
Programs
Sichan Siv
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Economic and Social
DOS
10/18/01
11/09/01
22
Council
Eve Slater
Asst. Secy. - Public Health and Science
HHS
12/20/01
01/25/02
3
Kenneth L. Smith
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
DOI
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
Michael Smith
Asst. Secy. - Fossil Energy
DOE
10/02/01
01/25/02
82
Christopher T. Spear
Asst. Secy. - Policy
DOL
04/04/01
04/06/01
2
Quanah C. Stamps
Commissioner - Administration for Native
HHS
07/09/02
11/14/02
96
Americans
John P. Stenbit
Asst. Secy. - Command, Control,
DOD
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Communications, and Intelligence
Jay B. Stephens
Associate Attorney General
DOJ
09/10/01
11/08/01
59
Sally Stroup
Asst. Secy. - Postsecondary Education
ED
02/11/02
03/15/02
32
William H. Taft IV
Legal Advisor
DOS
03/08/01
04/05/01
28

CRS-52
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Francis X. Taylor
Amb.-at-Large - Coordinator - Counterterrorism
DOS
05/22/01
07/11/01
50
Francis X. Taylor
Asst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and Foreign
DOS
09/04/02
11/12/02
69
Missions
John B. Taylor
Under Secy. - International Affairs
TREA
04/04/01
05/26/01
52
Peter B. Teets
Under Secy. - Air Force
DOD
10/30/01
12/08/01
39
Larry D. Thompson
Deputy Attorney General
DOJ
03/22/01
05/10/01
49
Tommy G. Thompson
Secretary
HHS
01/20/01
01/24/01
4
Diane L. Tomb
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs
HUD
11/27/01
03/22/02
82
Alberto F. Trevino
Asst. Secy. - Policy Development and Research
HUD
04/29/02
11/12/02
165
John F. Turner
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International
DOS
07/31/01
Returned 08/03/01
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
John F. Turner
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International
DOS
09/04/01
10/30/01
56
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
Kathleen P. Utgoff
Commissioner - Bureau of Labor Statistics
DOL
03/21/02
07/26/02
127
Michelle Van Cleave
Asst. Secy. - Special Operations and Low
DOD
09/21/01
Withdrawn 10/25/01
Intensity Conflict
Read Van de Water
Asst. Secy. - Aviation and International Affairs
DOT
09/12/01
09/21/01
9
Kirk Van Tine
General Counsel
DOT
06/12/01
Returned 08/03/01
Kirk Van Tine
General Counsel
DOT
09/04/01
09/24/01
20
Ann M. Veneman
Secretary
USDA
01/20/01
01/20/01
1
Nancy Victory
Asst. Secy. - Communications and Information
DOC
06/26/01
08/03/01
38
Mary L. Walker
General Counsel - Air Force
DOD
09/25/01
11/08/01
44
Mary K. Waters
Asst. Secy. - Congressional Relations
USDA
04/25/01
05/22/01
27
Rebecca W.Watson
Asst. Secy. - Land and Minerals Management
DOI
11/07/01
01/25/02
46
John C. Weicher
Asst. Secy. - Housing and Federal Housing
HUD
04/30/01
05/24/01
24
Commissioner
Mark A. Weinberger
Asst. Secy. - Tax Policy
TREA
02/26/01
03/01/01
3
Scott Whitaker
Asst. Secy. - Legislation
HHS
04/06/01
05/01/01
25
Thomas E. White
Secretary - Army
DOD
05/01/01
05/24/01
23
Grover J. Whitehurst
Asst. Secy. - Education Research and
ED
04/30/01
07/12/01
73
Improvement
B. John Williams, Jr.
Chief Counsel IRS/Asst. Gen. Counsel for Tax
TREA
08/03/01
Returned 08/03/01
B. John Williams, Jr.
Chief Counsel IRS/Asst. Gen. Counsel for Tax
TREA
09/04/01
01/25/02
110
Steven A. Williams
Dir. - Fish and Wildlife Service
DOI
09/25/01
01/29/02
93
Richard S. Williamson
U.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Special Political Affairs
DOS
11/01/01
11/09/01
8
Joanne M. Wilson
Commissioner - Rehabilitative Services
ED
06/21/01
07/19/01
28
Administration
William Winkenwerder, Jr. Asst. Secy. - Health Affairs
DOD
09/21/01
10/16/01
25
Judith A. Winston
Under Secretary
ED
01/05/01
Withdrawn 03/19/01
John S. Wolf
Asst. Secy. - Nonproliferation
DOS
09/10/01
09/26/01
16
Otto Wolff
Asst. Secy. - Administration
DOC
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Otto Wolff
Chief Financial Officer
DOC
07/12/01
08/03/01
22
Paul D. Wolfowitz
Deputy Secretary
DOD
02/15/01
02/28/01
13

CRS-53
Nomina-
Confirm-
Days to
Nominee
Position
Dept.
tion date
ation date
confirm
Michael W. Wynne
Dep. Under Secy. - Acquisition and Technology
DOD
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
John J. Young, Jr.
Asst. Secy. - Navy - Research, Development,
DOD
06/12/01
07/12/01
30
and Acquisition
Dov S. Zakheim
Under Secy. - Comptroller
DOD
03/13/01
05/01/01
49
Elias A. Zerhouni
Director - National Institutes of Health
HHS
04/29/02
05/02/02
3
James W. Ziglar
Commissioner - Immigration and Naturalization
DOJ
06/12/01
07/31/01
49
Service
Mean number of days to confirma
46
Median number of days to confirma
36
a. If the pre-recess days during which a nominee was under consideration in the Senate were included for all confirmed nominees,
the mean number of days to confirm would be 50, and the median would be 38. Please see page 2 of this report regarding
the calculation of this number.

CRS-54
Appendix B. Appointment Action, 107th Congress
Mean
Median
Recess
Individual
days to
days to
Department
Positions
Nominations
Confirmations
Returned
Withdrawn
Appointments
Nominees
confirma
confirma
(Bush)
(adjusted)
(adjusted)
Agriculture
15
21
16
14
6
1
1
41 (47)
22 (25)
Commerce
25
27
25
24
1
2
0
44 (47)
39 (39)
Defense
51
51
47
47
3
1
0
41 (43)
30 (30)
Education
17
19
17
15
3
1
1
38 (44)
32 (37)
Energy
21
19
18
18
1
0
0
57 (58)
38 (38)
Health and Human
19
20
18
18
2
0
0
49 (54)
40 (40)
Services
Housing and Urban
15
15
14
14
1
0
0
65 (65)
47 (47)
Development
Interior
19
15
14
13
1
1
0
58 (59)
50 (50)
Justice
27
33
26
26
7
0
0
60 (75)
53 (60)
Labor
19
22
19
17
4
1
1
40 (40)
24 (24)
State
50
50
41
40
8
2
1
37 (40)
25 (33)
Transportation
21
24
18
16
8
0
3
30 (37)
22 (41)
Treasury
24
26
22
23
3
0
0
61 (63)
53 (53)
Veterans Affairs
14
12
12
12
0
0
0
30 (30)
24 (24)
Total
337
354
307
297
48
9
7
46 (50)
36 (38)
a. These two columns show, respectively, the mean and median number of days to confirm for all confirmed nominations for each department. The totals at the bottoms of the two
columns are the means and medians for all confirmed nominations in all departments for the 107th Congress. If the number of days the first (pre-Aug. 2001 recess) nominations
were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the means and medians would be adjusted as shown in parentheses.

CRS-55
Appendix C. Senate Recessesa for the 107th
Congress
Date Recessed
Date Reconvened
Number of Days
Recessedb
The first session of 107th Congress convened on 01/03/01.
01/08/01
01/20/01
11
02/15/01
02/26/01
10
04/06/01
04/23/01
16
05/26/01
06/05/01
9
06/29/01
07/09/01
9
08/03/01
09/04/01
31
10/18/01
10/23/01
4
11/16/01
11/27/01
10
The Senate adjourned sine die on 12/20/01. The second session of 107th Congress
convened 01/23/02. The intersession (period between these two dates) was 33 days
long.
01/29/02
02/04/02
5
02/15/02
02/25/02
9
03/22/02
04/08/02
16
05/23/02
06/03/02
10
06/28/02
07/08/02
9
08/01/02
09/03/02
32
The Senate adjourned sine die on 11/20/02. The first session of the 108th Congress
convened on 01/07/03. The intersession (period between these two dates) was 47
days long.
a. Includes all recesses of 4 days or longer as indicated in the Senate “Days-in-Session Calendars”
Web site at [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/ds/index.html#senate], visited Feb. 3, 2002.
b. In this table, the number of days recessed includes all those days between the date recessed and the
date reconvened.

CRS-56
Appendix D. Abbreviations of Departments
DOC
Department of Commerce
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of the Interior
DOJ
Department of Justice
DOL
Department of Labor
DOS
Department of State
DOT
Department of Transportation
DVA
Department of Veterans Affairs
ED
Department of Education
HHS
Department of Health and Human Services
HUD
Department of Housing and Urban Development

TREA
Department of the Treasury
USDA
Department of Agriculture

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