Major Leadership Election Contests in the Senate, 94th-111th Congresses

Major Leadership Election Contests in the Senate, 94th-111th Congresses

ȱ
Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘Žȱ
Ž—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
’•?›Ž?ȱ–Ž›ȱ
™ŽŒ’Š•’œ?ȱ˜—ȱ?‘Žȱ˜—?›Žœœȱ
ŽŒŽ–‹Ž›ȱŗşǰȱŘŖŖŞȱ
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŝȬśŝŖŖȱ
   ǯŒ›œǯ?˜Ÿȱ
řŖŝŖŚȱ
ȱŽ™˜›?ȱ?˜›ȱ˜—?›Žœœ
Pr
epared for Members and Committees of Congress

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
ž––Š›¢ȱ
This report contains data on elections in the Democratic and Republican party conferences for
principal congressional leaders within each party for the 94th through the 111th Congresses . It
reflects actual balloting. Also identified are the six Senators who have served as President pro
tempore of the Senate, the two who have served as deputy President pro tempore, and the three
Senators who have served as President pro tempore emeritus. These are largely positions of
honor, for which there is no formal election in either party conference.
Other tables provide the names and states of the candidates for each major party office, the
Congress(es) in which they were running, and the votes they received. Also noted are Senators
elected with no opposition.
In numerous instances, leaders were selected without opposition. In cases where published
accounts did not mention contests for a particular office, it was assumed there was only one
candidate. The data do not include notices of announced candidacies that were abandoned before
conference voting took place.
This report will be updated as necessary.

˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
˜—?Ž—?œȱ
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Š‹•Žœȱ
Table 1. Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate ............................................................................... 2
Table 2. Presidents Pro Tempore Emeritus of the Senate ................................................................ 3
Table 3. Deputy Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate................................................................... 3
Table 4. Senate Democratic Floor Leaders and Conference Chairmen........................................... 3
Table 5. Senate Republican Floor Leaders ...................................................................................... 4
Table 6. Senate Democratic Whips.................................................................................................. 6
Table 7. Senate Republican Whips .................................................................................................. 7
Table 8. Senate Democratic Caucus Vice Chair .............................................................................. 8
Table 9. Senate Republican Conference Chairmen ......................................................................... 8
Table 10. Senate Democratic Conference Secretaries ..................................................................... 9
Table 11. Senate Republican Policy Committee Chairmen ............................................................. 9
Table 12. Senate Democratic Policy Committee ........................................................................... 10
Table 13. Senate Republican Conference Secretaries/Vice Chair ..................................................11
Table 14. Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairmen............................................... 12
Table 15. National Republican Senatorial Committee Chairmen.................................................. 12

˜—?ŠŒ?œȱ
Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 13

˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
—?›˜?žŒ?’˜—ȱ
This report contains balloting data on the elections in the Democratic and Republican party
conferences for principal congressional leaders for the 94th through the 111th Congresses. Table 1
identifies the seven Senators who have served as President pro tempore of the Senate. This
position is generally reserved for the majority party Senator with the party’s longest continuous
Senate service, but there is no formal election in either party conference for the position.
Table 2 identifies the three Senators who have been designated to the honorary position of
President pro tempore emeritus, and Table 3 identifies the two Senators who have been elected to
the honorary position of deputy President pro tempore, positions for which there is no formal
election by either party.
The other tables provide the names and states of the candidates for each major party office, the
Congress(es) in which they ran, and the votes they received. Also noted are Senators elected with
no opposition. Although most conference balloting took place prior to the convening of a new
Congress, in some cases leadership elections were held to fill vacancies during a Congress.
During the course of the 107th Congress, the majority party switched, thus causing changes in the
positions of majority leader and majority whip.
Tables 4-13 provide data on elections for the positions of:
• Senate Democratic Floor Leaders and Conference Chairmen
• Senate Republican Floor Leaders
• Senate Democratic Whips
• Senate Republican Whips
• Senate Democratic Conference Vice Chair
• Senate Republican Conference Chairmen
• Senate Democratic Conference Secretaries
• Senate Republican Policy Committee Chairmen
• Senate Republican Conference Secretaries
• Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairmen
• National Republican Senatorial Committee Chairmen
In numerous instances, leaders were selected without opposition. Where races were contested,
most were decided after one ballot. However, in the 99th Congress, it took four ballots to elect the
Republican floor leader and two ballots to elect the Republican whip. In the 102nd and 104th
Congresses, two ballots were needed to elect the chairman of the Senate Republican Policy
Committee. When published accounts did not mention a contest for a particular office, it was
assumed there was only one candidate. The data do not include notices of announced candidacies
that were abandoned before conference voting took place.
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŗȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Table 1. Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate
Congress
President Pro Tempore
State
Date Electeda
94th
James O. Eastland
D-MS
no election
95th
James O. Eastland
D-MS
no election
96th
Warren G. Magnuson
D-WA
Jan. 15, 1979
96th
Milton R. Youngb
R-ND
Dec. 4, 1980
97th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
Jan. 5, 1981
98th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
no election
99th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
no election
100th
John C. Stennis
D-MS
Jan. 6, 1987
101st
Robert C. Byrd
D-WV
Jan. 3, 1989
102nd
Robert C. Byrd
D-WV
no election
103rd
Robert C. Byrd
D-WV
no election
104th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
Jan. 4, 1995
105th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
no election
106th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
no election
107th
Strom Thurmond
R-SC
no election
107th
Robert C. Byrd
D-WV
June 6, 2001c
108th
Ted Stevens
R-AK
Jan. 7, 2003
109th
Ted Stevens
R-AK
no election
110th
Robert C. Byrd
D-WV
Jan. 4, 2007
111th
Robert C. Byrdd D-WV
no
election
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. The President pro tempore of the Senate is one of only three legislative officers established by the U.S.
Constitution. The other two are the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Vice President of the
United States, who also serves as President of the Senate. The Constitution designates the President pro
tempore to serve in the Vice President’s absence. The Senate generally elects by resolution a specified
Senator president pro tempore. These resolutions are usually agreed to by voice vote. On rare occasions,
the minority has offered an amendment naming its candidate. Such an amendment is normally defeated by
voice vote. The President pro tempore is not reelected at the beginning of a Congress unless party control
changes, or the Senator serving as President pro tempore has been elected to a new Senate term. Prior to
1890, the Senate elected a President pro tempore whenever the Vice President was not in attendance.
When the Vice President returned, the President pro tempore lost his place. When the Vice President was
again absent, the Senate elected a President pro tempore, in many instances the same Senator who had
previously occupied the office. By the standing order agreed to on March 12, 1890, the Senate declared that
the President pro tempore shall hold the office during “the pleasure of the Senate and until another is
elected, and shall execute the duties thereof during all future absences of the Vice President until the Senate
does otherwise order.” Contemporary Presidents pro tempore now serve as long as their party holds a
majority in the Senate.
b. Senator Young was elected to serve as President pro tempore for one day prior to his Senate retirement.
His party was in the minority at the time. Senator Magnuson then resumed the presidency pro tempore for
the balance of the 96th Congress.
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
Řȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
c. Senator Byrd was elected President pro tempore for the 107th Congress when the Democrats regained
control of the Senate on June 6, 2001. See “Election of the Honorable Robert C. Byrd as President Pro
Tempore,” Congressional Record, vol. 147, June 6, 2001, pp. 10013.
d. Senator Byrd is expected to serve as Senate President pro tempore in the 111th Congress.
Table 2. Presidents Pro Tempore Emeritus of the Senate
Congress(es)
President Pro Tempore
Emeritus
Party—State Dates
107th Strom
Thurmonda
R-SC
June 6, 2001-Jan. 3, 2003
108th-109th
Robert C. Byrdb
D-WV
Jan. 15, 2003-Jan. 4, 2007
110th
Ted Stevens
R-AK
Jan. 4, 2007-present
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. When the Senate party control changed in June 2001, Senator Thurmond, who had been Senate President
pro tempore, was designated President pro tempore emeritus. See “Thanking and Electing Strom
Thurmond President Pro Tempore Emeritus,” Congressional Record, vol. 147, June 6, 2001, pp. 10013-10014.
b. The Senate designated Senator Byrd President pro tempore emeritus after the convening of the 108th
Congress and the election of Senator Stevens as President pro tempore. See “Thanks to the Honorable
Robert C. Byrd and His Designation as President Pro Tempore Emeritus,” Congressional Record, vol. 149,
January 15, 2003, p. 1075.
Table 3. Deputy Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate
Congress
Deputy President
Pro Tempore
Party—State Dates
95th
Hubert H. Humphrey
D—MN
Jan. 5, 1977-Jan. 13, 1978
100th
George J. Mitchella
D—ME
Jan. 28, 1987-Nov. 29, 1988b
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
Pursuant to S.Res. 17, agreed to January 10, 1977, the Senate established (effective January 5, 1977) the post of
deputy President pro tempore of the Senate to be held by “any Member of the Senate who has held the Office
of President of the United States or Vice President of the United States.” Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of
Minnesota held this position until his death on January 13, 1978. See “Establishment of the Office of Deputy
President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and for Other Purposes,”Congressional Record, vol. 123, Jan. 10, 1977, p.
457.
a. On January 28, 1987, the Senate agreed to S.Res. 90, authorizing the Senate to designate a Senator to serve
as deputy President pro tempore during the 100th Congress, in addition to Senators who held such office
under the authority of S.Res. 17, 95th Congress. Accordingly, on the same date the Senate agreed to S.Res.
91, designating Senator George J. Mitchell of Maine deputy President pro tempore. See “Designation of a
Deputy President Pro Tempore of the Senate and Designating Senator George J. Mitchell As Deputy
President Pro Tempore of the Senate,” Congressional Record, vol. 133, Jan. 28, 1987, pp. 2167-2168.
b. On November 29, 1988, Senator Mitchell was elected majority leader for the 101st Congress.
Table 4. Senate Democratic Floor Leaders and Conference Chairmen
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
94tha
Michael J. Mansfield
MT
no opposition
95thab
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
řȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
96tha
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
97tha
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
98tha
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
99tha
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
100tha
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
101sta
George J. Mitchellc ME 27
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
14
J. Bennett Johnston
LA
14
102nda
George J. Mitchell
ME
no opposition
103rda
George J. Mitchell
ME
no opposition
104th
Thomas Daschle
SD
24
Christopher J. Dodd
CT
23
105th
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
no opposition
106th
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
no opposition
107tha
Thomas A. Daschled SD
no
opposition
108th
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
no opposition
109th
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
110tha
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
111tha
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts..
a. Indicates Congresses in which the floor leader was also the majority leader. Until the 101st Congress, the
Democratic leader was also the chairman of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee. From the 101st
Congress (1989-1991) through the 106th Congress (1999-2001), the Senate Democratic leader apppointed a
co-chair to serve with him on the Policy Committee. Since the 107th Congress (2001), the Democratic
Leader has appointed the chair of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee.
b. Senator Hubert Humphrey (D-MN) withdrew from the race the morning of the election.
c. Although Senator Mitchell fell one vote short of the necessary majority on the first ballot, the other
candidates immediately withdrew, and he was elected by acclamation.
d. Senator Daschle became majority leader on June 6, 2001, when the Democrats regained control of the
Senate.
Table 5. Senate Republican Floor Leaders
Congress Candidates State Votes
94th
Hugh D. Scott
PA
no opposition
95th
Howard H. Baker
TN
19
Robert P. Griffin
MI
18
96th
Howard H. Baker
TN
no opposition
97tha
Howard H. Baker
TN
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
Śȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates State Votes
98tha
Howard H. Baker
TN
no opposition
99tha
1st Ballot
Robert J. Dole
KS
14
Ted Stevens
AK
12
Richard G. Lugar
IN
10
Pete V. Domenici
NM
9
James A. McClure
ID
8
2nd Ballot
Robert J. Dole
KS
17
Ted Stevens
AK
14
Richard G. Lugar
IN
12
Pete V. Domenici
NM
10
3rd Ballot
Robert J. Dole
KS
20
Ted Stevens
AK
20
Richard G. Lugar
IN
13
4th Ballot
Robert J. Dole
KS
28
Ted Stevens
AK
25
100th
Robert J. Dole
KS
no opposition
101st
Robert J. Dole
KS
no opposition
102nd
Robert J. Dole
KS
no opposition
103rd
Robert J. Dole
KS
no opposition
104tha
Initial Election
Robert J. Doleb KS
no opposition
Replacement Election of June 12, 1996
Trent Lott
MS
44
Thad Cochran
MS
8
105tha
Trent Lott
MS
no opposition
106tha
Trent Lott
MS
no opposition
107tha Trent
Lottc MS
no
opposition
108tha Trent
Lottd MS
no
opposition
Replacement Election of December 23, 2002
108tha
William Friste TN
no
opposition
109tha
William Frist
TN
no opposition
110th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
śȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates State Votes
111th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Indicates Congresses in which the floor leader was also the majority leader.
b. Senator Dole resigned from the Senate on June 11, 1996, to campaign for the office of President of the
United States.
c. Senator Lott lost the majority leader position on June 6, 2001, when the Democrats regained control of the
Senate.
d. Senator Lott resigned as majority leader effective January 6, 2003.
e. For the first time in history, the Republican leader was elected in a conference call of Republican Senators.
Senator Frist’s election as Senate majority leader was effective January 6, 2003.
Table 6. Senate Democratic Whips
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
94th
Robert C. Byrd
WV
no opposition
95th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
96th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
97th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
98th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
99th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
100th
Alan M. Cranston
CA
no opposition
Alan M. Cranston
CA
30
101st
Wendell H. Forda KY
12
102nd
Wendell H. Ford
KY
no opposition
103rd
Wendell H. Ford
KY
no opposition
104th
Wendell H. Ford
KY
no opposition
105th
Wendell H. Ford
KY
no opposition
106th
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
107th
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
108th
Harry Reid
NV
no opposition
109th
Richard Durbin
IL
no opposition
110th
Richard Durbin
IL
no opposition
111th
Richard Durbin
IL
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Subsequently, Senator Ford moved to make Senator Cranston’s reelection unanimous.
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
Ŝȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Table 7. Senate Republican Whips
Congress Candidates State
Votes
94th
Robert P. Griffin
MI
no opposition
95th
Ted Stevens
AK
no opposition
96th
Ted Stevens
AK
no opposition
97th
Ted Stevens
AK
no opposition
98th
Ted Stevens
AK
no opposition
99th
lst Ballot
Alan K. Simpson
WY
22
Slade Gorton
WA
16
Robert W. Kasten
WI
15
2nd Ballot
Alan K. Simpson
WY
31
Slade Gorton
WA
22
100th
Alan K. Simpson
WY
no opposition
101st
Alan K. Simpson
WY
no opposition
102nd
Alan K. Simpson
WY
no opposition
Alan K. Simpson
WY
25
103rd
Slade Gorton
WA
14
104th
Initial Election
Trent Lotta MS 27
Alan K. Simpson
WY
26
Replacement Election of June 12, 1996a
Don Nickles
OK
no opposition
105th
Don Nickles
OK
no opposition
106th
Don Nickles
OK
no opposition
107th
Don Nickles
OK
no opposition
108th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
109th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
110th
Trent Lott
MS
25 votes
Lamar Alexander
TN
24 votes
Replacement Election of December 6, 2007
Jon Kyl
AZ
no opposition
111th
Jon Kyl
AZ
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Senator Lott was elected majority leader on June 12, 1996, and Senator Nickels was chosen as his
replacement.
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŝȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Table 8. Senate Democratic Caucus Vice Chair
Congress Candidate
State
Votes
110tha
Charles E. Schumer
NY
No opposition
1111th
Charles E. Schumer
NY
No opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. This is a new position created in the 110th Congress. It is the third highest position in the Senate
Democratic leadership.
Table 9. Senate Republican Conference Chairmen
Congress Candidates State
Votes
94th
Carl T. Curtis
NE
23
Jacob K. Javits
NY
14
95th
Carl T. Curtis
NE
no opposition
96th
Robert W. Packwood
OR
22
James A. McClure
ID
19
97th
James A. McClure
ID
33
H. John Heinz, III
PA
20
98th
James A. McClure
ID
no opposition
99th
John H. Chafee
RI
28
Edward J. (Jake) Garn
UT
25
100th
John H. Chafee
RI
no opposition
101st
John H. Chafee
RI
28
Frank H. Murkowski
AK
17
102nd
Thad Cochran
MS
22
John H. Chafee
RI
21
103rd
Thad Cochran
MS
no opposition
104th
Thad Cochran
MS
no opposition
105th
Connie Mack
FL
no opposition
106th
Connie Mack
FL
no opposition
107th
Rick Santorum
PA
30
Christopher Bond
MO
20
108th
Rick Santorum
PA
no opposition
109th
Rick Santorum
PA
no opposition
110th
Jon Kyl
AZ
no opposition
Replacement Election of December 6, 2007
Lamar Alexander
TN
31
Richard Burr
NC
16
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
Şȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates State
Votes
111th
Lamar Alexander
TN
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
Table 10. Senate Democratic Conference Secretaries
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
94th
Frank E. Moss
UT
no opposition
95th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
96th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
97th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
98th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
99th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
100th
Daniel K. Inouye
HI
no opposition
David H. Pryora AR -
101st
Patrick J. Leahy
VT
-
102nd
David H. Pryor
AR
no opposition
103rd
David H. Pryor
AR
no opposition
104th
Barbara A. Mikulski
MD
no opposition
105th
Barbara A. Mikulski
MD
no opposition
106th
Barbara A. Mikulski
MD
no opposition
107th
Barbara A. Mikulski
MD
no opposition
108th
Barbara A. Mikulski
MD
no opposition
109th
Debbie Stabenow
MI
no opposition
110th
Patty Murray
WA
no opposition
111th
Patty Murray
WA
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. After Senator Pryor received 28 votes, he was declared the winner by acclamation. No other votes were
reported.
Table 11. Senate Republican Policy Commit ee Chairmen
Congress Candidates State
Votes
94th
John G. Tower
TX
no opposition
95th
John G. Tower
TX
no opposition
96th
John G. Tower
TX
no opposition
97th
John G. Tower
TX
no opposition
98th
John G. Tower
TX
no opposition
99th
William L. Armstrong
CO
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
şȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates State
Votes
100th
William L. Armstrong
CO
no opposition
101st
William L. Armstrong
CO
no opposition
102nd
1st Ballot
Don Nickles
OK
21
Pete V. Domenici
NM
21
2nd Ballot
Don Nickles
OK
23
Pete V. Domenici
NM
20
103rd
Don Nickles
OK
no opposition
104th
Initial Election
Don Nicklesa OK
no
opposition
Replacement Election of June 12, 1996 - 1st Ballot
Larry E. Craig
ID
26
Daniel R. Coats
IN
18
Robert F. Bennett
UT
8
2nd Ballot
Larry E. Craig
ID
30
Daniel R. Coats
IN
22
105th
Larry E. Craig
ID
no opposition
106th
Larry E. Craig
ID
no opposition
107th
Larry E. Craig
ID
26
Pete V. Domenici
NM
24
108th
Jon Kyl
AZ
no opposition
109th
Jon Kyl
AZ
no opposition
110th
Kay Bailey Hutchison
TX
no oppostion
111th
John Ensign
NV
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Senator Craig was elected Republican whip on June 12, 1996, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of
Senator Nickels as Republican Whip.
Table 12. Senate Democratic Policy Commit ee
Congress Candidates
State
Votesa
101sta
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
-
102nd
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
-
103rd
Thomas A. Daschle
SD
-
104th
Harry Reid
NV
-
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŗŖȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates
State
Votesa
105th
Harry Reid
NV
-
106th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
107th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
108th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
109th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
110th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
111th Byron
Dorgan ND
-
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Until the 101st Congress, the Democratic leader was also the chairman of the Senate Democratic Policy
Committee. From the 101st Congress (1989-1991) through the 106th Congress (1999-2001), the Senate
Democratic leader apppointed a co-chair to serve with him on the Policy Committee. Since the 107th
Congress (2001), the Democratic Leader has appointed the chair of the Senate Democratic Policy
Committee.
Table 13. Senate Republican Conference Secretaries/Vice Chair
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
94thb
Robert T. Stafford
VT
no opposition
95th
Clifford P. Hansen
WY
20
Robert T. Stafford
VT
17
96th
Edward J. (Jake) Garn
UT
21
John H. Chafee
RI
19
97th
Edward J. (Jake) Garn
UT
no opposition
98th
Edward J. (Jake) Garn
UT
no opposition
99th
Thad Cochran
MS
32
Rudy E. Boschwitz
MN
21
100th
Thad Cochran
MS
no opposition
101st
Thad Cochran
MS
no opposition
102nd
Robert W. Kasten
WI
26
Christopher S. Bond
MO
17
Trent Lott
MS
20
103rd
Christopher S. Bond
MO
14
Frank H. Murkowski
AK
5
104th
Connie Mack
FL
no opposition
105th
Paul D. Coverdell
GA
41
Conrad R. Burns
MT
14
106th
Paul D. Coverdella GA
no
opposition
107th
Kay Bailey Hutchison
TX
no opposition
108th
Kay Bailey Hutchison
TX
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŗŗȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
109th
Kay Bailey Hutchison
TX
no opposition
110th
John Cornyn
TX
no opposition
111th
John Thune
SD
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. Died on July 18, 2000; position left vacant for the remainder of the 106th Congress.
b. Since the 108th Congress (2003-2005), the caucus secretary position has been known as vice chair of the
Senate Republican Conference.
Table 14. Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairmen
Congress Candidates
State
Votesa
94th
J. Bennett Johnston
LA
-
95th
Wendell H. Ford
KY
-
96th
Wendell H. Ford
KY
-
97th
Wendell H. Ford
KY
-
98th
Lloyd M. Bentsen
TX
-
99th
John F. Kerry
MA
-
100th
George J. Mitchell
ME
-
101st
John B. Breaux
LA
-
102nd
Charles S. Robb
VA
-
103rd Bob
Graham
FL
-
104th
J. Robert Kerrey
NE
-
105th
J. Robert Kerrey
NE
-
106th
Robert G. Torricelli
NJ
-
107th Patty
Murray
WA
-
108th Jon
Corzine
NJ
-
109th
Charles E. Schumer
NY
-
110th
Charles E. Schumer
NY
-
111th
Robert Menendez
NJ
-
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.
a. The chairmen of the Senate Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee have always been appointed
by the Senate Democratic leader.
Table 15. National Republican Senatorial Commit ee Chairmen
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
94th
Ted Stevens
AK
no opposition
95th
Robert W. Packwood
OR
no opposition
˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŗŘȱ

Š“˜›ȱŽŠ?Ž›œ‘’™ȱ•ŽŒ?’˜—ȱ˜—?Žœ?œȱ —ȱ?‘ŽȱŽ—Š?ŽǰȱşŚ?‘ȱȬȱŗŗŗ?‘ȱ˜—?›ŽœœŽœȱ
ȱ
Congress Candidates
State
Votes
96th
H. John Heinz III
PA
21
Orrin G. Hatch
UT
20
97th
Robert W. Packwood
OR
no opposition
Richard G. Lugar
IN
29
98th
Robert W. Packwood
OR
25
99th
H. John Heinz III
PA
27
Malcolm Wallop
WY
26
100th
Rudy E. Boschwitz
MN
no opposition
101st
Don Nickles
OK
28
John S. McCain
AZ
17
102nd
Phil Gramm
TX
26
Mitch McConnell
KY
17
Phil Gramm
TX
20
103rd
Mitch McConnell
KY
19
104th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
105th
Mitch McConnell
KY
no opposition
106th
Mitch McConnell
KY
39
Chuck Hagel
NE
13
107th
William Frist
TN
no opposition
108th
George Allen
VA
no opposition
109th
Elizabeth Dole
NC
28
Norm Coleman
MN
27
110th John
Ensign
NV
no
opposition
111th
John Cornyn
TX
no opposition
Sources: Compiled by CRS from various Congressional Quarterly, Inc., publications as well as Congressional Staff
Directories and press accounts.

ž?‘˜›ȱ˜—?ŠŒ?ȱ —?˜›–Š?’˜—ȱ

Mildred Amer

Specialist on the Congress
mamer@crs.loc.gov, 7-8304

˜—?›Žœœ’˜—Š•ȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŽ›Ÿ’ŒŽȱ
ŗřȱ