Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview

Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview

Order Code RL30500
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2001:
An Overview
Updated February 23, 2001
Mary Frances Bley
Information Research Specialist
Information Research Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Appropriations are one part of a complex congressional budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations measures (regular bills, supplemental measures, and continuing
resolutions), rescission, and budget reconciliation bills. Fiscal year (FY) 2001 covers October
1, 2000-September 30, 2001. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bound by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program
authorizations.
This report is a broad overview of all appropriations activity and a guide to the CRS
Appropriation Product Series that provides analytical perspectives on the 13 annual FY2001
appropriations bills. This report will be updated weekly as legislation occurs.
For the most current information, congressional staff may access an Internet version of the
CRS Appropriations Product Series, with active links to appropriations analysis, committee
reports and other legislation, and votes for each of the 13 appropriation bills at:
[http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apppage.shtml].
For a detailed explanation or description of the budget and appropriations process, please see
the suggested reading list within this report. Also available to congressional staff via the
Internet are CRS fact sheets on budget and appropriation topics available at:
[http://www.crs.gov/products/guides/guidehome.shtml].
Members of the public may be referred to THOMAS, the public version of the Library’s
legislative Web site: [http://thomas.loc.gov/], and the THOMAS Status of FY2001
Appropriations Internet site: [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]

Appropriations for FY2001: An Overview
Summary
This report provides an overview of the Congressional Research Service FY2001
Appropriations Product Series, and summarizes selected action on regular bills,
supplemental measures, and continuing resolutions. This report will be updated
weekly as legislation occurs.
Appropriations Vote Status Page:
Internet [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Appropriations for FY2001 CRS Report Series
CRS Report RS20756: FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide
CRS Report RS20758: The 0.22 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2001 Appropriations
CRS Report RL30501: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30502: Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, Government
CRS Report RL30503: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
CRS Report RL30504: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
CRS Report RL30505: Defense
CRS Report RL30506: Interior and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30507: Energy and Water Development
CRS Report RL30509: Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30508: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies
CRS Report RL30510: Military Construction
CRS Report RL30511: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
CRS Report RL30512: Legislative Branch
CRS Report RL30513: District of Columbia
CRS Report RL30457: Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign
Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives

Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Votes: CRS Appropriations Status Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Appropriation Public Law Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Number of Continuing Resolutions (CR): 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Number of Vetoes: 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Analysis: CRS Appropriation Product Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Appropriation Coordinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Energy and Water Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Foreign Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Labor/HHS/Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Legislative Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Military Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Treasury/Postal Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Veterans Affairs/Housing and Urban Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Supplemental for FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . . . . 24
Guide to Selected Federal Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Budget Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Budget Resolution: Votes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
CRS Appropriation/Budget Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appropriations and Budget Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Budget (FY2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Consolidated Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Continuing Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Research and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Social Security Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appropriations Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws, and Veto Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Appropriation Web Sites, Publications, Membership, and Jurisdiction . . . 32
Budget Process Institutes (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Budget Timetable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Legislative Alert (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Monthly Budget Review (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Rules Committee—House (Special Rules on Appropriation Bills) . . . . . . 33
Supplemental Requests and Budget Amendments (OMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
302(b) Spending Allocations for Appropriation Subcommittees . . . . . . . . 33
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations (CBO) . . . . . . 34
Veto Indications (OMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appropriations Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appropriations Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
President’s Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Implementation of the Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Discretionary Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Direct (or Mandatory) Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Reconciliation Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Budget Resolution Enforcement and Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
List of Tables
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations - Continuing Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted:
FY1981-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Appropriations for FY2001:
An Overview
Most Recent Developments
1) New Surplus Projections
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released new surplus projections in the
Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2001-2012, released 1/31/01.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=2727&sequence=0&from=7]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=2727&type=1]
“In the absence of significant legislative changes and assuming that the economy
follows the path described in this report, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
projects that the total surplus will reach $281 billion in 2001. Such surpluses are
projected to rise in the future, approaching $889 billion in 2011 and accumulating to
$5.6 trillion over the 2002-2011 period. That total is about $1 trillion higher than the
cumulative surplus projected for 2001 through 2010 in CBO’s July 2000 report.
About $600 billion of the $1 trillion increase is due simply to shifting the 10-year
horizon out one year, to 2011, and dropping 2001 from the total. The remaining $441
billion results mostly from changes in the economic forecast, which are offset in part
by the cost of legislation enacted since CBO’s previous report.”
2) Consolidated Appropriations
The Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2001 (P.L. 106-554, H.R. 4577) covers
three appropriation bills (Labor/HHS, Legislative Branch, and Treasury/Postal). The
Commerce/Justice/State appropriation was enacted separately (P.L.106-553, H.R.
4942). There is an Internet guide and two detailed CRS reports covering the
Consolidated Appropriations:
Congress [http://www.congress.gov/omni2000/]
Constituents [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni2000/omni2000.html]
CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide
CRS Report RS20758, The 0.22 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2001
Appropriations
3) Continuing Resolutions
There were a record 21 continuing resolutions in FY2001, ending with H.J.Res. 133.
CRS Report RL30343: Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices
4) Vetoes of Appropriation Bills
There were two presidential vetoes (the first Energy/Water appropriation, and the
combined Legislative Branch/Treasury appropriation).
CRS Report RS20719: Vetoed Annual Appropriations Acts

CRS-2
Votes: CRS Appropriations Status Table
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations - Continuing Resolutions
For the most current appropriation votes:
Internet-Linked: [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready: [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Constituents (THOMAS): [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
Agriculture
5/4/00
5/4/00 5/10/00 5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
H.R. 4461
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
106-619
106-288
106-948
106-387
S. 2536

CRS Report
(339-82)
(79-13)
10/28/00
(340-75)
(86-8)
RL30501
Vote #385 Vote#225 Vote #525
Vote
7/11/00
7/20/00
10/11/00
#277
10/18/00
Commerce
6/6/00
6/19/00 7/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
Justice
(vv)
(28-0)
106-680
106-404
106-1005
106-553
State
(H.R.
H.R. 4942
(214-195)
4942)
(H.R. 4690)
Vote #326
12/21/00
CRS Report
6/26/00
RL30509
206-198
48-43
Vote
Vote
A
#562
#289
10/26/00
10/27/00
Defense
5/11/00 5/17/00 5/25/00 5/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
H.R. 4576
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(28-0)
106-644
106-298
106-754
106-259
S. 2593
CRS Report
(367-58)
(95-3)
8/9/00
RL30505
Vote #241
Vote
7/19/00
7/27/00
6/7/00
#127
(367-58)
(91-9)
6/13/00
Vote
Vote
#413
#230
FIRST
7/13/00
7/20/00 9/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
Veto
District of
(vv)
(27-1)
106-786
106-409
106-1005
Indicated
Columbia
H.R. 4942
(217-207)
(uc)
S. 3041
9/14/00
9/27/00
206-198
48-43
CRS Report
Vote
Vote
RL30513
#562
#289
A
10/26/00
10/27/00
SECOND
11/14/00
11/14/00
District of
(uc)
(uc)
P.L.
Columbia
106-522
H.R. 5633
CRS Report
11/22/00
RL30513
A

CRS-3
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
Energy/
6/12/00 7/13/00 6/20/00 7/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
Water
(vv)
(vv)
(28-0)
106-693
106-395
106-907
106-377
H.R. 4733
CRS Report
(407-19)
(91-3)
10/27/00
RL30507
Vote #342
Vote
6/28/00
#237
Combined
B
9/7/00
with
(301-118) (57-37)
VA/HUD
Vote #501 Vote #261
9/28/00
10/2/00
Earlier
version,
Vetoed
10/7/00
Foreign
6/20/00
5/8/00 6/27/00 5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept. 106-997
P.L.
Operations
(polled)
(vv)
(vv)
106-720
106-291
106-429
H.R. 4811
S. 2522
(239-185)
(uc)
11/6/00
CRS Report
Vote #400
7/18/00

307-101
65-27
RL30511
7/13/00
10/25/00
10/25/00
Vote
Vote
# 546
#280
Interior
5/17/00 6/20/00 5/25/00 6/22/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
H.R. 4578
(vv)
(31-22) (28-0)
106-646
106-312
106-914
106-291
CRS Report
RL30506
(204-172)
(97-2)
10/11/00
Vote #291
Vote
6/16/00
#211
(348-69)
(83-13)
7/18/00 Vote #507
Vote
10/3/00
#266
10/5/00
Labor/
5/10/00 5/10/00 5/24/00 5/11/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
P.L.
HHS/
(8-6)
(vv)
(29-22) (28-0)
106-645
106-293
106-554
Education
(H.R.
H.R. 5656
(217-214)
(52-43)
5656)
H.R. 4577
Vote #273
Vote
12/21/00
S. 2553
6/14/00
#171
CRS Reports
6/30/00
(Part of the
RL30503
FY2001
RS20756
Consolidate
RS20758
d Appropri-
ations Act.)

CRS-4
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
Legislative
5/3/00
5/9/00 5/18/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
Branch
(6-3)
(31-23) (28-0)
106-635
106-304
106-796
106-554
H.R. 5656
(H.R.
H.R. 4516
(373-50)
7/17/00
5656)
S. 2603
Vote #313
(uc)
12/21/00
CRS Reports
6/22/00
RL30512
(Part of the
RS20756
FY2001
RS20758
Consolidate
d Appropri-
C
ations Act.)
Vetoed
H.R. 4516
10/30/00
Military
5/2/00
5/8/00
5/9/00
5/9/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
212-209
58-37
H.Rept.
P.L.
Construc-
(uc)
(polled)
(vv)
(vv)
106-614
106-290
106-246
tion/Supp-
lemental
(386-22)
(96-4)
7/13/00
H.R. 4425
Vote #184
Vote
S. 2521
5/16/00
#106
(306-110)
(uc)
CRS Report
5/18/00
RL30510
D
Transpor-
5/8/00
6/13/00 5/16/00 6/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
tation
(vv)
(vv)
106-622
106-309
106-940
106-346
H.R. 4475
S. 2720
10/23/00
CRS Report
(395-13)
(99-0)
RL30508
Vote #210
Vote
5/19/00
#132
(344-50)
(78-10)
C, E
6/15/00 Vote #516 Vote #267
10/6/00
10/6/00
Treasury
7/11/00 7/19/00 7/18/00 7/20/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
H.R. 4871
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
106-756
106-500
106-796
106-554
S. 2900
(filed
(H.R.
H.R. 4985
(216-202) 10/12/00)
5656)
CRS Reports
Vote #428
RL30502
7/20/00
(Part of the
RS20756
FY2001
RS20758
Consolidate
d Appropri-
C, E
(212-209)
(58-37)
ations Act.)
Vote #476 Vote #273
9/14/00
10/12/00
12/21/00
Vetoed
H.R. 4871
10/30/00

CRS-5
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
VA/HUD
5/23/00 9/13/00 6/7/00 9/13/00
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
H.Rept.
P.L.
H.R. 4635
(vv)
(vv)
(vv)
(27-1)
106-674
106-410
106-988
106-377
CRS Report
RL30504
(256-169)
(87-8)
10/27/00
Vote #309
Vote
6/21/00
#272
(386-24)
(85-8)
Combined
10/12/00 Vote #536
Vote
with
10/19/00
#278
Energy/
10/19/00
Water
Supplement
3/9/00
H.Rept.
al
(33-13)
106-521
H.R. 3908
CRS Report
(263-146)
RL30457
Vote #95
3/30/00
D
CR#21
12/15/00
12/15/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 133
(uc)
(uc)
106-543
(through
12/21/00)
12/15/00
CRS Report
RL30343
CR #20
12/11/00
12/11/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 129
(vv)
(uc)
106-543
(through
12/15/00)
12/11/00
CR #19
12/8/00
12/8/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 128
(284-37)
(vv)
106-540
(through
Vote
12/8/00
12/11/00)
#602
CR #18
12/7/00
12/7/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 127
(359-11)
(96-1)
106-539
(through
Vote
Vote
12/7/00
12/8/00)
#601
#298
CR #17
12/5/00
12/5/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 126
(378-6)
(99-0)
106-537
(through
Vote
Vote
12/5/00
12/7/00)
#600
#295
CR #16
11/13/00
11/13/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 125
(uc)
(uc)
106-520
(through
12/5/00)
11/15/00
CR #15
11/3/00
11/1/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 84
(uc)
(uc)
106-428
(through
11/14/00)
11/4/00
F
CR #14
11/3/00
11/3/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 124
(uc)
(uc)
106-427
(through
11/4/00)
11/4/00

CRS-6
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
CR #13
11/2/00
11/2/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 123
310-7
(uc)
106-426
(through
Vote #592
11/3/00)
11/2/00
CR #12
11/1/00
11/1/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 122
371-13
(uc)
106-416
(through
Vote #587
11/2/00)
11/1/00
CR #11
10/31/00
10/31/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 121
361-13
(uc)
106-403
(through
Vote #585
11/1/00)
10/31/00
CR #10
10/30/00
10/30/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 120
339-9
70-1
106-401
(through
Vote
Vote
10/31/00)
#578
#293
10/30/00
CR #9
10/29/00
10/29/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 119
342-7
67-1
106-389
(through
Vote
Vote
10/30/00)
#575
#292
10/29/00
CR #8
10/28/00
10/28/00
P.L.
H.J.Res. 118
339-7
67-2
106-388
(through
Vote
Vote
10/29/00)
#571
#291
10/28/00
CR #7
(366-13)
(86-3)
P..L.
H.J.Res. 117
10/27/00
10/27/00
106-381
(funding for
Vote
Vote
10/28/00)
#563
#290
10/27/00
CR #6
(392-10)
(94-1)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 116
10/26/00
10/26/00
106-359
(funding for
Vote
10/27/00)
#561
10/26/00
CR #5
(395-9)
(87-2)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 115
10/25/00
10/25/00
106-358
(funding for
Vote #552
10/26/00)
10/25/00
CR #4
(262-136)
(uc)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 114
Vote
10/19/00
106-344
(funding
#539
through
10/19/00
10/20/00
10/25)
CR #3
(407-2)
(90-1)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 111
Vote
Vote
106-306
(funding
#527
#276
through
10/12/00
10/12/00
10/13/00
10/20/00)
CR #2
(415-1)
(95-1)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 110
Vote
Vote #
106-282
(funding
#509
264
through
10/3/00
10/5/00
10/6/00
10/14/00)

CRS-7
House/Senate
House/Senate
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Conference Report
Bill No.
Date/Vote
Date/Vote
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Public
House Senate House Senate
House Senate
House Senate
Law
CR #1
(415-2)
(96-0)
P.L.
H.J.Res. 109
Vote
Vote
106-275
(funding
#493
#259
though
9/26/00
9/28/00
9/29/00
10/6/00)
Votes in parentheses. vv = voice vote; uc= unanimous consent.
A. Commerce/Justice/State and District of Columbia: The President had threatened to veto the
original combined Commerce and D.C. appropriations (Conference Report 106-1005). On
11/22/00, a separate D.C. appropriations bill, P.L. 106-522 (H.R. 5633), was signed by the
President. On 12/21/00, the President signed a separately enacted Commerce/Justice/State bill,
P.L. 106-553 (H.R. 4942).
B. Energy/Water and VA/HUD: The first version, H.R. 4733, was vetoed by the President on 10/7/00.
The House voted to override the President’s veto on 10/11/00, by a vote of 315-98. The second
version, Conference Report 106-988, contains appropriations for VA/HUD (H.R. 5482) and
Energy/Water (H.R. 5483), and provides these new bill numbers. See the 10/18/00
Congressional Record, p. H10083-224. On 10/19/00, the conference report passed the House
by a vote of 386-24 (vote #536) and passed the Senate by a vote of 85-8 (vote #278). It was
signed by the President on 10/27/00 (P.L. 106-377).
C. Legislative Branch and Treasury, (and HUD): The combined conference report, H.Rept. 106-796
(H.R. 4516/H.R. 4985), also covers FY2000 emergency supplementals. Division A (H.R. 4516)
contains legislative branch appropriations and emergency FY2000 supplemental appropriations
for the legislative branch and for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal
Housing Administration. Division B contains provisions of the FY2001 Treasury and Postal
Service appropriations bill (H.R. 4985), and would also repeal the excise tax on telephone and
other communications services. The text of the conference report was published in the 7/27/00
Congressional Record, p. H7095-126. The conference report passed the House on 9/14/00, by
a vote of 212-209, vote #476. Initially, it failed to pass the Senate on 9/20/00, by a vote of 28-
69, vote #253. On reconsideration, it passed the Senate on 10/12/00, by a vote of 58-37, vote
#273, and was vetoed by the President on 10/30/00. The Consolidated Appropriations Act
for FY2001 (P.L. 106-554), combined Labor/HHS/ Education, Legislative Branch, and
Treasury/Postal.
D. Military Construction: Supplemental spending was also included in the Military Construction
conference report (H.Rept. 106-710). See CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations
for FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other
Initiatives.
E. Treasury and Transportation. The Transportation conference report (H.Rept. 106-940/H.R. 4475)
also contained an extra $348 million for the IRS, counter-terrorism, and other programs. The
Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2001 (P.L. 106-554), combined Labor/HHS/
Education, Legislative Branch, and Treasury/Postal.
F. H.J.Res. 84, as amended by Lott S.Amdt. 4357, provides funding through 11/14/00.

CRS-8
Appropriation Public Law Numbers
(1) Agriculture, P.L. 106-387 (10/28/00).
(2) Commerce/Justice/State, P.L. 106-553 (12/21/00)
(3) District of Columbia, P.L. 106-522 (11/22/00)
(4) Defense, P.L. 106-259 (8/9/00).
(5-6) Combined Energy-Water and VA-HUD, P.L. 106-377 (10/19/00).
(7) Foreign Operations, P.L. 106-429 (11/6/00).
(8) Interior, P.L. 106-291(10/11/00).
(9-11) Consolidated Appropriations Act, P.L. 106-554 (12/21/00)
covering Labor/HHS/Education, Legislative Branch, and Treasury/Postal.
(12) Military Construction, P.L. 106-246 (7/13/00).
(13) Transportation, P.L. 106-346 (10/23/00).
For the most current information, use the CRS Appropriations Vote Status:
Internet-Linked: [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready Version [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Number of Continuing Resolutions (CR): 21
See CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts.
Number of Vetoes: 2
The first Energy-Water Development appropriations bill (H.R. 4733) was vetoed by the
President on 10/7/00. On 10/11/00, the House passed an override by the required two-
thirds majority, 315- 98, vote #523. (The second Energy-Water appropriations were
combined with the VA-HUD appropriations, passed in conference report H.Rept. 106-
988, H.R. 4635, and signed by the President on 10/27/00, P.L. 106-377). On 10/30/00,
the President vetoed H.Rept. 106-796, the combined Legislative Branch/Treasury
appropriations. (See CRS Report RS20719, Vetoed Annual Appropriations Acts:
Presidents Carter through Clinton.)

Analysis: CRS Appropriation Product Series
The CRS Appropriations/Budget Products Page provides direct access to a CRS
product series providing analysis for each of the 13 appropriation bills. Also included
is an Appropriations Status Chart providing access to appropriation votes, bills,
reports, and public laws. Other access points include information on supplemental
proposals, a budget chronology and overview with active Internet links, a list of key
CRS policy staff, and a guide to locating federal agencies, departments, and programs
in appropriation bills: [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apppage.shtml].

CRS-9
Appropriation Coordinators
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Tel.
Agriculture
Ralph Chite
RSI
7-7296
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary
Ed Knight
G&F
7-7785
Defense
Stephen Daggett
FDT
7-7642
District of Columbia
Eugene P. Boyd
G&F
7-8689
Energy/Water (Co-Coordinator)
Carl Behrens
RSI
7-8303
Energy/Water (Co-Coordinator)
Marc Humphries
RSI
7-7264
Foreign Operations
Larry Nowels
FDT
7-7645
Interior
Alfred R. Greenwood
RSI
7-7236
Labor, Health, Human Services,
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education
Legislative Branch
Paul E. Dwyer
G&F
7-8668
Military Construction
Mary T. Tyszkiewicz
FDT
7-3144
Transportation
Robert Kirk
RSI
7-7769
Treasury, Postal Service
Sharon Gressle
G&F
7-8677
Veterans, Housing and Urban
Dennis W. Snook
RSI
7-7314
Development (Co-Coordinator)
Veterans, Housing and Urban
Richard Bourdon
DSP
7-7806
Development (Co-Coordinator)
Division abbreviations: DSP = Domestic Social Policy; FDT = Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade; G&F =
Government and Finance; RSI = Resources, Science, and Industry.
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA
P.L. 106-387, H.R. 4461 (10/28/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30501, Appropriations for FY2001: U.S.
Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies, coordinated by Ralph M.
Chite:
(11/9/00) On October 28, 2000, the President signed into law the FY2001
appropriations act (P.L. 106-387/H.R. 4461) for the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and related agencies. The full House and Senate had approved the conference
agreement on H.R. 4461 on October 12th and 19th, respectively. The act contains
$74.8 billion in regular appropriations for programs funded by the annual appropriations
bill and $3.65 billion in FY2001 emergency supplemental spending, primarily to
compensate farmers for the financial effects of low farm commodity price and natural
disasters.
Of the $74.8 billion in regular appropriations contained in P.L. 106-387, $15.0
billion is for discretionary programs, which is above both the House and Senate-passed
levels of $14.5 billion and $14.85 billion, respectively, but below the Administration
request for $15.5 billion. Regular FY2001 funding for USDA mandatory programs

CRS-10
(such as food stamps and certain farm commodity support programs) is $59.8 billion
in the FY2001 act, about $1 billion below the House- and Senate-passed levels, mainly
because of a recent re-estimation of food stamp spending. Much of the CBO-estimated
$3.65 billion in emergency supplemental assistance provided in P.L. 106-387 is for
direct payments to farmers. This includes an estimated $1.6 billion in disaster payments
for year 2000 crop losses; $490 million in emergency livestock assistance; and direct
payments to dairy farmers in compensation for low farm milk prices, among many other
provisions. Actual emergency spending under the act could be higher than $3.65 billion
since the crop disaster payments and the market loss payments for dairy farmers
authorized by the act are based on a payment formula rather than a fixed appropriation.
Conference committee action on H.R. 4461 was delayed for several weeks because
of controversy over three provisions - the exemption of food and medicine exports from
current U.S. sanctions against Cuba; the relaxation of restrictions on the reimportation
of prescription drugs from Canada and Mexico; and the amount of emergency assistance
to be provided to farmers and rural areas. Conferees adopted language to allow food
and medical sales to Cuba, but prohibit any private or public financing of such exports
by U.S. banks or federal, state or local governments. Conferees also adopted a
provision to allow the importation of prescription drugs, but with several restrictions.
The Administration had expressed its displeasure with the sanctions and drug
reimportation provisions saying that they are both too restrictive, but did not issue a
veto threat.
Among the many other provisions in P.L. 106-387 are an increase in the payment
limit for recipients of loan deficiency payments; continued prohibitions or limitations on
mandatory spending on certain agricultural research, conservation and rural programs;
an earmark of duties collected on certain unfair trade practices to assist those industries
affected by the trade practice; increased funding for food safety activities; an easing of
restrictions on food stamp recipients with respect to housing and automobile
allowances; and emergency funding of $200 million for rural economic assistance and
improvements to infrastructures in rural areas.
Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary
P.L. 106-553, H.R. 4942 (12/21/00)
Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30509, Appropriations for FY2001: Commerce,
Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies, coordinated by
Edward Knight:
(1/26/01) This report tracks action by the 106th Congress on FY2001
appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and
other related agencies (often referred to as CJS appropriations). P.L. 106-113
appropriated $39.6 billion for these agencies for FY2000. President Clinton’s FY2001
budget requested $39.6 billion for these agencies. On June 14, 2000, the House
Appropriations Committee approved its version of the CJS appropriations bill (H.R.
4690). It recommended funding totaling $37.4 billion – $2.2 billion below the

CRS-11
President’s request and $2.2 billion below the FY2000 appropriation. The
House-passed bill on June 26, approved the same overall funding total recommended
by the Committee. On July 18, 2000, the Senate Appropriations Committee approved
total funding of $36.7 billion – about $700 million below the House version and $2.9
billion below both the President’s request and the actual FY2000 appropriation. On
October 27, 2000, Congress approved total funding of $40.0 billion – about $400
million above both President’s request and the total enacted for FY2000 (H.R. 5548).
The measure was signed into law by the President on December 21, 2000 (P.L.
106-553).
The major CJS appropriations issues and concerns that received attention in both
the Senate and the House include the following. Department of Justice: building more
prisons; extending the 1994 Crime Act funding authorization beyond September 30,
2000; increasing funding for drug-related efforts among the Department of Justice
(DOJ) agencies; increasing funding for community law enforcement; combating
cybercrime; changing the focus and levels of appropriations for DOJ’s Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention; providing funding for programs that would reduce
gun and youth violence; funding of DOJ’s legal action against the tobacco industry;
reducing pending caseloads in immigration-related claims, particularly green card and
naturalization applications; meeting the statutory mandate that the Border Patrol be
increased by 1,000 agents in FY2001, and accounting for the shortfall in hiring in
FY1999; determining the level of detention capacity necessary to comply with the
statutory mandate that certain criminal aliens be detained until deported; and
restructuring INS internally as proposed by the Administration or dismantling or
restructuring the agency by legislation. Department of Commerce: the progress made
in streamlining and downsizing Department programs; implementation of the decennial
census including followup operations; federal financial support of industrial technology
development programs; monitoring foreign compliance with trade agreements and U.S.
trade laws; and implementing new White House environmental initiatives at the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Department of State: improving embassy
security through a doubling of funding as well as a request for an advance appropriation
to cover the period FY2002 to FY2005. The Judiciary: whether the salaries of judges
and justices should receive a cost-of-living increase and whether a statutory ban on
judges receiving honoraria should be lifted. Other Related Agencies: adequacy of
funding levels for the Legal Services Corporation, Small Business Administration, and
the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Defense
P.L. 106-259, H.R. 4576 (8/9/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30505, Appropriations for FY2001: Defense, by
Stephen Daggett:
(1/12/01) House and the Senate action on annual FY2001 defense funding was
completed in December when Congress approved the FY2001 omnibus appropriations
bill. In all, Congress provided about $310.0 billion for national defense, including

CRS-12
$287.8 billion in the Department of Defense Appropriations bill. The national defense
total is about $4.7 billion above the Administration’s request.
The
conference
agreement
on
the
FY2001 Labor-HHS-Education
Appropriations/Omnibus appropriations bill, H.R. 4577, approved in the House and
Senate on December 15, provides some additional FY2001 funds for the Department
of Defense, including $150 million to repair the USS Cole, $100 million for classified
programs related to operations overseas, and $43.5 million for military construction.
Section 1403 of the bill also makes an across-the-board cut of 0.22% in all FY2001
discretionary funds, including defense, though military personnel funding is exempted
from the reduction. In all, this will reduce FY2001 defense funding by $520 million.
On October 11, the House approved a conference agreement on the FY2001
defense authorization bill, H.R. 4205, by a vote of 382-31. The Senate approved the
agreement on October 12 by a vote of 90-3. The President signed the bill into law on
October 30 (P.L. 106-398). A conference agreement on the defense appropriations bill,
H.R. 4576, was approved in the House on July 19 and in the Senate on July 27, and the
President signed the bill on August 9 (P.L. 106-259). Earlier the House and the Senate
approved a conference agreement on the FY2001 military construction appropriations
bill, H.R. 4425, and the President signed the measure into law on July 13 (P.L.
106-246). This bill includes supplemental appropriations for FY2000 military operations
in Kosovo and Colombia, for increased fuel and medical care costs, and for some other
defense programs.
In action on key issues, authorization conferees agreed to (1) provide a permanent
guarantee of health care for Medicare-eligible military retirees that was included in the
Senate bill, but that expired after two years; (2) provide compensation for workers
made ill by exposure to toxic materials in the nation’s nuclear weapons program; (3)
drop a House-passed provision mandating troop withdrawals from Kosovo if allies do
not meet burdensharing commitments (though the bill includes extensive reporting
requirements); and (4) drop anti-hate crimes legislation that was attached to the
Senate-passed bill. The retiree health care measure will make all military retirees eligible
for health care through the military health care system. Conferees also agreed to a
comprehensive retail and mail-order pharmacy benefit. According to preliminary CBO
estimates, the bill’s retiree health care provisions will cost $40 billion more over the
next 10 years than benefits DOD currently provides.
Several major weapons programs also received attention in this year’s defense
debate. The authorization and appropriations conference agreements reduced funding
for the Joint Strike Fighter because of program delays. The authorization and
appropriations bills also approved additional funding for the Army’s “transformation”
plan, including funds to equip a second medium-weight brigade in FY2001. The
authorization conference, however, included a requirement that the Army carry out
additional comparative testing of armored vehicles before outfitting a third brigade.
District of Columbia
P.L. 106-522, H.R. 5633 (11/22/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]

CRS-13
Summary from CRS Report RL30513, Appropriations for FY2001: District of
Columbia, by Eugene Boyd:
(11/27/00) On November 22, 2000, President Clinton signed P.L. 106-522
(formerly H.R. 5633), an act appropriating funds for the District of Columbia for
FY2001. In one of the actions it took between election day on November 7, 2000, and
the Thanksgiving holiday, the House and the Senate approved H.R. 5633 by unanimous
consent. An earlier version of the act, H.R. 4942, was approved by the Senate on
October 27, 2000, and by the House on October 26, 2000. However, the conference
version of H.R. 4942 included funding for Departments of Commerce, Justice, and
State. The President in a letter dated October 26, 2000, indicated that he would veto
an otherwise acceptable District of Columbia Appropriations Act because of objections
surrounding the inclusion of Commerce, Justice, and State appropriations to the act.
These include issues relating to immigration, tobacco litigation, hate crimes, the sale and
display of social security numbers, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund, and number
of riders characterized by the Administration as anti-environmental and
anti-competitive. On September 27, 2000, the Senate passed its version of H.R. 4942,
the District of Columbia Appropriations Act forFY2001, two-weeks after the House
approved its version of the bill on September 14, 2000. The House bill includes $414
million in special federal payments to the District of Columbia. The Senate bill includes
$448 million in special federal payments to the District. A significant percentage of
these payments is for court operations and criminal justice activities. The city’s general
fund budget, as passed by the council and approved by the control board, includes
increased funding for public education and economic development. On June 7, 2000,
the District of Columbia Financial Responsibility and Management Assistance Authority
approved a city council-passed budget for the 2001 fiscal year. The $5.5 billion
operating budget, which must be approved by Congress, includes $445.4 million in
special federal payments to the District of Columbia.
Energy and Water Development
P.L. 106-377 (Conference Report H.Rept. 106-988)
Combined Energy/Water and VA/HUD Appropriations
Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30507, Appropriations for FY2001: Energy and
Water Development, coordinated by Marc Humphries and Carl Behrens:
(11/20/00) The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes
funding for civil projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the
Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation (BuRec), most of the Department of Energy (DOE),
and a number of independent agencies. The Administration requested $22.7 billion for
these programs for FY2001 compared with $21.2 billion appropriated in FY2000. The
House bill, H.R. 4733, passed on June 28, 2000, allocated $21.74 billion. The Senate
passed its version of H.R. 4733 September 7, appropriating $22.5 billion. The
conference bill, reported September 27, appropriated a total of $23.3 billion. That bill
was vetoed, largely for non-fiscal reasons, and the Senate October 12 added a new
version of the conference bill, with essentially the same funding but without the

CRS-14
veto-drawing measure, to the VA/HUD appropriations measure, H.R. 4635. On
October 18, H.R. 5483 was introduced in the House, containing the Energy and Water
appropriations provisions included in the Senate-passed version. On the same day the
conference report to H.R. 4635 was filed, including the provisions of H.R. 5483. The
House and the Senate agreed to the conference report on October 19, and the President
signed the bill October 27 (P.L. 106-377).
Key issues involving Energy and Water Development appropriations programs
include: authorization of appropriations for major water/ecosystem restoration
initiatives for the Florida Everglades and California “Bay-Delta”; reform or review of
Corps study procedures and agency management practices; spending for solar and
renewable energy to address global climate change issues; a pending decision by DOE
on the electrometallurgical treatment of nuclear spent fuel for storage and disposal, a
process that opponents contend raises nuclear proliferation concerns; implementation
of the new National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); an expanded Threat
Reduction Initiative aimed at ending Russia’s production of plutonium that can be used
to make nuclear weapons; and DOE management of its Spallation Neutron Source
Project (SNS).
Foreign Operations
P.L. 106-429, H.R. 4811 (11/6/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30511: Appropriations for FY2001: Foreign
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, by Larry Nowels:
(2/8/01) The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary
legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and
influences executive branch foreign policy making generally. It contains the largest share
— over two-thirds – of total U.S. international affairs spending.
President Clinton asked Congress initially to appropriate $15.1 billion for FY2001
Foreign Operations, plus $1.25 billion in FY2000 supplemental funds. Congress
approved some of the supplemental spending in P.L. 106-246, but in October 2000
reconsidered and approved as FY2001 emergency appropriations portions of the
FY2000 supplemental rejected earlier. Consequently, the combined FY2000
supplemental/FY2001 regular Foreign Operations request, as it stood when Congress
debated the FY2001 Foreign Operations conference report in October, totaled $15.45
billion. The largest program increases for FY2001 were those for the Export-Import
Bank (+26%), USAID development aid (+18%), nonproliferation, terrorism, and
demining (+44%), voluntary contributions to international organizations (+45%), and
multilateral development bank
contributions (+24%).
S. 2522, as approved by the Senate on June 22, provided $13.4 billion for FY2001
Foreign Operations Appropriations. The measure was about $65 million less than
FY2000 enacted and about $1.7 billion, or 11%, below the President’s initial FY2001
request. A major new initiative in S. 2522 was the creation of a Global Health account
($691 million). Population aid would have increased by $110 million and a new set of

CRS-15
conditions on family planning programs would have effectively eliminated the FY2000
abortion-related restrictions.
H.R. 4811, as approved by the House on July 13, provided $13.3 billion, about
$200 million less than the FY2000 enacted, and 13% less than the President’s original
request. The bill maintained the FY2000 funding level and abortion-related restrictions
for family planning programs. At $238 million, the bill provided most of the
Administration’s FY2001 request for debt relief, but still fell well short of the combined
FY2000/2001 debt reduction request of $472 million.
On October 25, Congress approved the conference report on H.R. 4811 (H.Rept.
106-997), increasing FY2001 Foreign Operations spending to $14.9 billion, well above
levels passed earlier by either the House or Senate. The enacted legislation (P.L.
106-429) falls about $550 million, or 3.5% below the President’s combined FY2000
supplemental/FY2001 requests, but fully funds several top Administration priorities,
including international debt relief and global health programs. For international family
planning, Congress increased spending to $425 million, but restricted the obligation of
funds until after February 15, 2001. Prior to the release of these funds, President Bush
reimposed the so-called “Mexico City” abortion restrictions that will apply to FY2001
and future U.S. family planning appropriations.

Interior
P.L. 106-291, H.R. 4578 (10/11/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30506, Appropriations for FY2001: Interior and
Related Agencies, coordinated by Alfred R. Greenwood:
(10/17/00) The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funding
for agencies and programs in four separate federal departments as well as numerous
smaller agencies and diverse programs. The bill includes funding for the Interior
Department except the Bureau of Reclamation, but only segments of the funding of the
other three departments, Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services.
On February 7, 2000, President Clinton submitted his FY2001 budget to Congress.
The FY2001 request for Interior and Related Agencies totals $16.32 billion compared
to the $14.91 billion enacted for FY2000 (P.L. 106-113), an increase of $1.41 billion.
(With scorekeeping adjustments, including an across-the-board cut of 0.38% for
FY2000, the figures are $16.49 billion requested for FY2001 compared with $14.90
billion enacted for FY2000.)
The Interior Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee and the full
House Appropriations Committee marked up the FY2001 Interior Appropriations bill
on May 17, 2000 and May 25, 2000, respectively. On June 16, 2000, the House passed
H.R. 4578 (H.Rept. 106-646) by a vote of 204-172. The FY2001 recommended level
of $14.6 billion is $1.7 billion below the President’s request and $302 million below the
FY2000 enacted level.

CRS-16
The Interior Subcommittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee and the full
Senate Appropriations Committee marked up the Interior bill on June 20, 2000 and
June 22, 2000, respectively. On July 18, 2000, the Senate passed H.R. 4578 (S.Rept.
106-312) by a vote of 97-2. The FY2001 recommended level of $15.8 billion in total
budget authority is some $1.16 billion above the House-passed mark.
A House-Senate conference met on September 20 and September 21 and after
further discussions between the conferees and the Administration agreed to a funding
level of $18.8 billion, some $3.8 billion above the FY2000 enacted level. The
conference agreement included $1.8 billion in emergency and supplemental funding
($300 million above the President’s request) for expenditures already incurred in
firefighting and to restore areas damaged by Western wildfires. The conference also
included a new Title VIII that would implement a modified version of the President’s
Lands Legacy Initiative over 6 years. Funding would start at a total of $1.6 billion in
FY2001 ($1.2 billion for Interior Appropriations programs) and rise to $2.4 billion in
FY2006. In addition, the conference provided significant increases for the Indian Health
Service (+ $214 million), Bureau of Indian Affairs programs (+ $272 million), Energy
Conservation programs (+ $94.7 million), and Bureau of Land Management Operations
(+ $66 million). (See Table 5 for the House, Senate, and Conference approved funding
levels.)
The conference report (H.Rept. 106-914) was passed by the House on October 3,
2000 by a vote of 348-69 and was passed by the Senate on October 5, 2000, by a vote
of 83-13. President Clinton signed H.R. 4578 into law (P.L. 106-291) on October 11,
2000.
Labor/HHS/Education
P.L. 106-554 (H.R. 5656) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Also see CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide.
Summary from CRS Report RL30503, Appropriations for FY2001: Labor, Health
and Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin:
(1/18/01) This report tracks the enactment by the 106th Congress of the FY2001
appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This Act provides discretionary funds
for three federal departments and related agencies. The report summarizes L-HHS-ED
discretionary funding issues, but not authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 7, 2000, the President submitted the FY2001 budget request to the
Congress. Following a series of 21 continuing resolutions, the President signed H.R.
4577 into law, as P.L. 106-554, on December 21, 2001. The L-HHS-ED “program
level” funding was $97.2 billion in FY2000; for FY2001, $107.1 billion was requested,
and $109.3 billion is enacted. “Program level” means discretionary funds from the
current Act for any year. Comparable “current year” amounts are $85.5 billion, $106.1
billion, and $108.9 billion, respectively. “Current year” means discretionary funds for

CRS-17
this year from any Act. The FY2000 funding for L-HHS-ED programs was enacted
primarily through P.L. 106-113.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): DOL program level funding was $11.3 billion
in FY2000, and $11.9 billion is enacted for FY2001; respective current year amounts
are $8.8 billion and $11.9 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are provided for the
Workforce Investment Act, State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service
Operations, and Departmental Management.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): DHHS program level
funding was $41.7 billion in FY2000, and $46.5 billion is enacted; respective current
year amounts are $40.3 billion and $48.8 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are
provided for Community Health Centers, Health Professions, Ryan White AIDS
programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health,
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Head Start, and the Administration
on Aging. Funding is reduced for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program,
and the Child Care and Development Block Grant.
U.S. Department of Education (ED): ED program level funding was $35.6 billion
in FY2000, and $42.1 billion is enacted; respective current year amounts are $29.4
billion and $40.0 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are provided for Education
Technology, 21st Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to Local
Educational Agencies, Eisenhower Professional Development, Class Size Reduction,
School Repair, Special Education, Pell Grants, and Aid for Institutional Development.
Funding is reduced for Goals 2000: Educate America Act.
Related Agencies: Program level funding for related agencies was $8.2 billion in
FY2000, and $8.8 billion is enacted; respective current year amounts are $8.1 billion
and $8.7 billion. Increases of at least $100 million are provided for the Supplemental
Security Income program and for Administrative Expenses at the Social Security
Administration.
Legislative Branch
P.L. 106-554, H.R. 5657 (12/21/00). Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Also see CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide.
Summary from CRS Report RL30512, Appropriations for FY2001: Legislative
Branch, by Paul Dwyer:
(2/19/01) Congress appropriated $2.623 billion for legislative branch operations
in FY2001, a 5.5% increase over the FY2000 appropriation of $2.486 billion. The
FY2001 funding level includes: an appropriation of $2.527 billion in the regular annual
legislative branch appropriations bill; an additional appropriation of $101.5 million in
a miscellaneous appropriations bill; and, a rescission of $5.9 million, or 0.22%.
Regular FY2001 Appropriations. The first regular FY2001 legislative branch
appropriations bill (H.R. 4516) approved by Congress was vetoed by President Clinton

CRS-18
in late October 2000. Seven weeks later, on December 14, a new legislative branch
appropriations bill (H.R. 5657), which contained the same funding levels as the original
bill, was introduced and incorporated by reference in the FY2001 Consolidated
Appropriations Act (H.R. 4577). The latter act was signed into law (P.L. 106-554) on
December 21, 2000.
During initial consideration of the regular legislative branch bill, the House
Appropriations Committee, in compliance with budget allocation restrictions,
established funding for FY2001 at 5.5% less than the level appropriated for FY2000.
When the Senate took up the bill it approved an overall 3.7 % increase. The House later
restored most of the funds cut at the committee level when it adopted a manager’s
amendment containing an additional $95.7 million in funding during floor consideration
of the House bill. The compromise bill approved by the conference committee provided
for a 2.1% increase over FY2000.
Among the major funding issues considered and resolved were actions to: increase
funds for the Capitol Police to employ 100-115 additional officers to implement the
Capitol Police Board’s security plan; temporarily transfer administration of the Capitol
Police to a chief administrative office under jurisdiction of the General Accounting
Office; merge Library of Congress and Government Printing Office police with the
Capitol Police; provide adequate funds for electronic document printing, the digital
online program of the Library of Congress, and enhancements to the legislative
information system; fund the support agency staff succession programs to replace
employees eligible for retirement in the immediate future; and authorize GAO (1)
greater flexibility in a reduction-in-force, and (2) authority for voluntary early
retirements and separation payments.
Additional Regular Appropriations and Rescission. A second bill (H.R. 5666),
which contained an additional $101.5 million in regular FY2001 legislative branch
appropriations funds, and a 0.22% across-the-broad cut in FY2001 appropriations
(which resulted in a $5.9 million reduction in legislative funding), was also incorporated
by reference into P.L. 106-554.
Military Construction
P.L. 106-246, H.R. 4425 (7/13/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30510, Appropriations for FY2001: Military
Construction, by Mary T. Tyszkiewicz:
(11/7/00) The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill finances (1)
military construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family
housing operations and construction; (3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security
Investment Program; and (4) most base realignment and closure costs.
This report reviews the appropriations and authorization process for military
construction. The congressional debate perennially centers on the adequacy of the
President’s budget for military construction needs and the necessity for congressional

CRS-19
add-ons, especially for Guard and Reserve projects. In recent years, Congress has
frequently complained that the Pentagon has not adequately funded military
construction.
The Administration’s FY2001 budget request for military construction is $8.0
billion, which is 5.5% below the level provided in FY2000. This continues a downward
trend from the peak FY1996 level of $11.2 billion, the FY1997 level of $9.8 billion, the
FY1998 level of $9.3 billion, the FY1999 level of $9.0 billion and the FY2000 level of
$8.4 billion.
On May 16, 2000, the House passed the Military Construction Appropriations Act
FY2001 (H.R. 4425), by a 386-22 roll call vote. The House followed the House
Appropriations Committee’s lead and passed the $8.634 billion bill with only one
amendment.
On May 18, 2000, the Senate passed S. 2521, their version of the FY2001 Military
Construction Appropriations bill, on a 95-4 vote. Because emergency supplemental
appropriations for FY2000 was added onto this bill, the conference debate has focused
on domestic and defense issues outside of military construction. For background and
comprehensive information on the FY2000 supplemental funding, see CRS Report
RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign
Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels, et al.
The Military Construction Appropriations conference report, recommending
$8.834 billion, was approved by the House on June 29, 2000, and the Senate on June
30, 2000. It became P.L. 106-246 on July 13, 2000.
In authorization action, on May 18, 2000, the House approved its defense
authorization bill (H.R. 4205, H.Rept. 106-616). The Senate substituted their version
of the defense authorization bill - S. 2549, S.Rept. 106-292 - in H.R. 4205 and passed
that bill on July 13, 2000. The conference report (H.Rept. 106-945) was passed by the
House on October 11, 2000 and by the Senate on October 12, 2000. The conference
authorized $8.8 billion, $787 million more than the President’s request. The FY2001
defense authorization bill became P.L. 106-398 on October 30, 2000.
Transportation
P.L. 106-346, H.R. 4475 (10/23/00) – Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Summary from CRS Report RL30508, Appropriations for FY2001: Department of
Transportation and Related Agencies, coordinated by Robert S. Kirk:
(2/12/01) President Clinton signed the FY2001 Department of Transportation
(DOT) Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-346; H.Rept. 106-940) on October 23, 2000. The
agreement provides $57.978 billion for DOT. This is an increase of more than 14% over
the enacted FY2000 level. The Act provides increases for all major DOT agencies
except the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). On December 21, 2000, President
Clinton signed the FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-554). The Act

CRS-20
provided for a government-wide rescission of 0.22%. This cut $125 million from the
DOT budget for FY2001.
Both houses of Congress had passed somewhat different versions of the FY2001
appropriations bill (H.R. 4475). The House of Representatives version would have
provided total budgetary resources of $55.2 billion; the Senate version $54.7 billion.
The roughly $500 million difference was partly an outgrowth of the lower budget cap
that Senators had to work with. For the overall DOT budget, the Senate bill would have
represented a 9.5% increase over the FY2000 budget; the House bill a nearly 10.5%
increase.
The FY2001 Act reflects the ongoing impact of the Transportation Equity Act for
the 21st Century (TEA21). It raises highway funding by 16% and mass transit funding
by almost 8.5%. These spending levels meet or exceed TEA21's requirements. The
Administration had proposed increases of 5% for highways and roughly 9% for transit.
The enacted version of H.R. 4475 appropriates additional funds not included in
either the House or Senate-passed versions, such as: $1.37 billion for miscellaneous
highway projects, $600 million for the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge, roughly $55
million for the Appalachian development highway system; and $720 million for the
Emergency Relief Federal Aid Highway Program.
The Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century
(FAIR21) (P.L. 106-181)has also had a major impact on the FAA’s funding for
FY2001. H.R. 4475, in conformance with FAIR21, provides for an increase in the
FAA’s total budget of roughly 25%.
The FY2001 Act includes language to strengthen state drunk driver blood alcohol
standards to 0.08% but phases in the highway funds reduction penalties more gradually
than in the Senate passed bill-at a rate of 2% annually beginning in FY2004 up to a
maximum of 8%. It also permits the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
(FMCSA) to collect and analyze public comments and data on its proposed hours of
service rules but prohibits FMCSA from taking final action during FY2001.
Treasury/Postal Service
P.L. 106-554, H.R. 5658 (12/21/00). Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]
Also see CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide.
Summary from CRS Report RL30502, Appropriations for FY2001: Treasury,
Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government,
coordinated by Sharon S. Gressle:
(11/22/00) With the veto of the Legislative Branch appropriation for FY2001,
October 30, most of the accounts usually contained in the Treasury, Postal Service,
Executive Office of the President, and General Government (also known as the
Treasury and General Government) appropriations acts are being funded, at FY2000
levels through a continuing funding resolution which expires November 14. Partial

CRS-21
funding for a select few of the accounts and some general provisions of the Treasury,
Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government FY2001
Appropriations are included in the Department of Transportation FY2001
Appropriation (P.L. 106-346, Title V, October 23, 2000) and the continuing funding
resolution (P.L. 106-275, as amended).
In addition to the continuing resolutions, there are four appropriations bills which
would fund all or some of the accounts usually funded through the Treasury, Postal
Service and General Government FY2001 appropriations acts. The House had passed,
on July 20, H.R. 4871. The Senate had reported, on July 20, S. 2900 and, on July 26,
had voted to invoke cloture to proceed with debate on H.R. 4871. The third version,
H.R. 4985, was introduced on July 26 as a new bill and reported from the Legislative
Branch (H.R. 4516) appropriations conference committee as section 1001, Division B
of that conference. The House agreed to the conference report on H.R. 4516 September
14. The Senate rejected the conference agreement on a 28-69 vote September 20,
subsequently agreeing to it October 12. On October 6, the House and Senate approved
and sent to the President, a conference agreement for Department of Transportation
appropriations (H.R. 4475). Title V partially funds ($348.4 million) several of the
accounts. The disposition of the primary funding for the Treasury, Postal Service, and
General Government accounts remains uncertain.
The FY2001 budget, submitted to Congress on February 7, 2000, requests $31.2
billion to fund the accounts covered through the Treasury, Postal Service, Executive
Office of the President, and General Government appropriations. The FY2000 funding
totals $28.257 billion, including mandatory funding (reflecting scorekeeping by the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)). Incorporating the CBO scorekeeping for
FY2001, the budget would have mandatory accounts funded at $14.68 billion and
discretionary funding set at $16.5 billion.
The House and Senate Appropriations Committees approved allocations to the
various appropriations: House--discretionary budget authority at $14.402 billion with
outlays at $14.751 billion; and Senate--$14.3 billion for budget authority and $14.566
billion for outlays. While the congressional allocations are in disagreement with one
another, they are consistently lower than the requested funding. The vetoed measure
(H.R. 4516/H.R. 4985) would have funded the discretionary accounts at $15.630
billion. P.L. 106-346 (H.R. 4475) adds $348 million. Under H.R. 4871, the total
funding (using CBO scorekeeping tallies) would be $29.1 billion, of which $14.4 billion
would be for discretionary accounts. On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee
reported out S. 2900 which would total $29.2 billion, with $14.5 billion in discretionary
funding.
Veterans Affairs/Housing and Urban Development
P.L. 106-377, Conference Report H.Rept. 106-988, H.R. 4635, (10/23/00).
See Combined Energy/Water and VA/HUD Appropriations.
Vote Status Table:
Internet-Linked [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/appover.shtml]
Printer-Ready [http://www.crs.gov/products/appropriations/apprint.shtml]

CRS-22
Summary from CRS Report RL30504, Appropriations for FY2001: VA, HUD, and
Independent Agencies, coordinated by Dennis W. Snook and E. Richard
Bourdon:
(11/17/00) Congress completes action on FY2001 VA-HUD Bill. Congress has
passed, and the President signed (P.L. 106-377) an FY2001 appropriations bill (H.R.
4635) for the Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), and several independent agencies, including the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
National Science Foundation (NSF), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA),
and the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS).
The bill provides a total of $107.3 billion in appropriations for programs covered
by the bill, including $82.6 billion in discretionary spending. Mandatory spending,
mostly for VA cash benefit programs, is projected to require $24.6 billion. Rescissions
of $1.8 billion in unobligated HUD housing assistance funds were included in the bill.
After all scorekeeping factors are considered, the total mandatory and discretionary
funds provided by the bill is $107.1 billion.
The President’s FY2001 Request. According to congressional estimates, the
Administration’s request for VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies FY2001
appropriations totals $109.4 billion. The request assumes $24.6 billion in mandatory
spending for VA entitlements, and $84.8 billion (including $4.2 billion in advance
FY2002 HUD funds) for discretionary programs funded through the VA-HUD bill. The
request assumes major increases in VA medical care spending, adding $1.3 billion in
new funds to FY2000 levels. HUD spending would increase by $6.6 billion over
FY2000, including the Administration’s proposed advance FY2002 appropriations of
$4.2 billion, a move also enacted for FY2001 in the FY2000 appropriations bill.
FY2001 Congressional Budget Resolution (H.Con.Res. 290). The budget
resolution for FY2001 called for an allocation for VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
of about $400 million below the total provided for FY2000. VA would receive a $1.5
billion increase in discretionary spending, most of which would increase VA health care
funding. Discretionary appropriations targets for the VA, HUD, and Independent
Agency appropriations subcommittees, known as “302(b) allocations,” have been placed
at $76.2 billion for the House, and $77.8 billion for the Senate.
P.L. 106-74 (H.R. 2684). The FY2000 bill provided $99.7 billion in FY2000
appropriations (current estimates revise the effect of the bill to $99.1 billion) for
programs covered under the Act, compared to $99.6 billion requested. As requested,
the bill incorporated $4.2 billion in advance FY2001 funding, and $2.9 billion in
rescissions of funds appropriated in previous years. P.L. 106-113 subsequently required
0.38% in across-the-board reductions, and these reductions lowered appropriations of
P.L. 106-74 by $285 million. Among agencies with funding increases under P.L. 106-74
were VA medical care, up by $1.7 billion over FY1999 (the Administration requested
a freeze), and HUD, up $2 billion above FY1999, or about $2 billion less than the
Administration request.

CRS-23
Supplemental for FY2000
Summary from CRS Report RL30457, Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000:
Plan Colombia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and
Other Initiatives, by Larry Q. Nowels, Stephen Daggett, Curt Tarnoff, Nina
Maria Serafino, and Melinda T. Gish:
(7/5/00) On June 30, the Senate passed and cleared for the White House H.R.
4425, the FY2001 Military Construction Appropriation bill that includes $11.2 billion
for FY2000 supplemental spending needs. As enacted, H.R. 4425 provides $1.3 billion
for the Colombian counternarcotics initiative (about the same as requested by the
President for FY2000/FY2001 combined), $2 billion, as proposed, for DOD
peacekeeping costs in Kosovo, about $4.5 billion for other defense requirements, $1.5
billion for Hurricane Floyd, Cerro Grande fire, and other natural disaster relief, and
$600 million for the Low Income Heating and Energy Assistance Program. H.R. 4425,
however, rejects funding for poor country debt relief and most Balkan assistance. The
legislation further includes a change in the payment dates for Social Security and
Veterans benefits that will result in $4.2 billion higher spending in FY2000 rather than
FY2001. Some Senators oppose this switch in payment schedules, and reportedly
obtained Senate leadership agreement to attempt to rescind these provisions legislation
considered in July.
Earlier, the House and Senate took different legislative paths in considering the
President’s $5.7 billion supplemental request. The House took up a single FY2000
supplemental bill – H.R. 3908 – passing a $12.8 billion measure on March 30. The
Senate, however, decided to attach supplemental money to regular FY2001
appropriation bills: S. 2521 (Military Construction, passed by the Senate on May 18);
S. 2522 (Foreign Operations, passed by the Senate on June 22); and S. 2536
(Agriculture, reported by the Committee on May 10). Combined, the three Senate
measures recommended $8.6 billion in FY2000 supplemental spending. Ultimately,
congressional leaders decided to use H.R. 4425 — the House-passed Military
Construction Appropriation — as the vehicle for all supplemental issues.
Early in each new session of Congress, the Administration routinely submits
requests for supplemental appropriations for the current fiscal year. By late April 2000,
through several submissions to Congress, President Clinton had requested $5 billion in
FY2000 supplemental appropriations, including $955 million for a counternarcotics
initiative in Colombia and the Andean region, about $2 billion for DOD peacekeeping
operations in Kosovo, $600 million for diplomatic support and economic aid related to
Kosovo and the Balkans, $210 million for poor country debt
relief, $600 million for home energy assistance to low income American families
affected by high home heating oil prices and weather emergencies, and $426 million for
domestic disaster relief that mostly involves ongoing post-1999 hurricane cleanup
efforts. The Administration designated nearly all as emergency requirements for
FY2000, thereby eliminating the need to reduce existing appropriations to offset the
costs of additional spending. The White House proposed a limited number of offsets,
rescissions, transfers, and delays in funding obligations totaling about $750 million.
The FY2000 supplemental request continues a pattern of the past few years in
which the President has asked, and Congress has approved large supplementals

CRS-24
generally focusing on defense, foreign policy, and domestic natural disasters and farm
relief initiatives. In most cases, Congress has increased the President’s proposed
supplementals, adding funds especially for domestic programs and defense. A
continuing controversy, however, has been the extent to which new appropriations
should be offset by cuts in existing funds. Since FY1997, Congress has agreed to
declare most supplementals as emergencies, adding a small amount of offsets.
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in
Appropriation Bills
“I’m looking for a particular program, but I don’t know which appropriation bill
it’s in.” Federal agencies may receive funds from more than one appropriations act.
Consult the “Guide to Federal Programs” on the CRS FY2000 Appropriations Products
Page, or the Senate Appropriations Committee jurisdiction site; both identify the major
source of appropriated funds for federal agencies and programs.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/jurisd.htm]
Guide to Selected Federal Programs in Appropriation Bills
For a more detailed list, please use the Web sites listed above. The major source of
appropriated funds for each of the following federal agencies is identified below.
-A-
Aeronautics and Space Administration, National (NASA)—Veterans, HUD
Agency for International Development (AID)—Foreign Operations
Aging Programs—Labor, HHS, Education
Agriculture Department—Agriculture
AIDS, National Commission on—Labor, HHS, Education
Air Force—Defense
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)—Treasury, Postal
Alternative Fuels Production— Interior
AmeriCorps—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Amtrak—Transportation
Anti-terrorism Organizations and Programs—Foreign Operations
Appalachian Regional Commission—Energy and Water
Architect of the Capitol—Legislative Branch
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance—Transportation
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency—Commerce, Justice, State
Army—Defense
Army Corps of Engineers (Civil)—Energy and Water
Asian Development Fund and Bank—Foreign Operations
-B-
Black Lung Disability Insurance—Labor, HHS, Education
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)—Treasury, Postal
Bureau of Indian Affairs—Interior
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)—Labor, HHS, Education
Bureau of the Census—Commerce, Justice, State
-C-
Census—Commerce, Justice, State
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—Labor, HHS, Education

CRS-25
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)—Defense
Child Care Assistance—Labor, HHS, Education
Child Nutrition—Agriculture
Child Support Enforcement—Labor, HHS, Education
Civil Corps of Engineers—Energy and Water
Clean Coal Technology—Interior
Civil Rights Commission—Commerce, Justice, State
Coast Guard—Transportation
Commerce Department—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission on Civil Rights—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission of Fine Arts—Interior
Commission on Immigration Reform—Commerce, Justice, State
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe—Commerce, Justice, State
Commodity Credit Corporation—Agriculture
Community Services Block Grant—Labor, HHS, Ed
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)—Legislative Branch
Congressional Expenses—Legislative Branch
Congressional Research Service (CRS)—Legislative Branch
Consumer Information Center—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Consumer Product Safety Commission—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPC)—Labor, HHS, Education
Customs Service—Treasury, Postal
-D-
Defense Agencies—Defense
Democracy, National Endowment for—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Agriculture—Agriculture
Department of the Army Corps of Engineer (Civil)—Energy and Water
Department of Commerce—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Defense (DOD)—Defense
Department of Defense (Civil)—Energy and Water
Department of Education— Labor, HHS, Education
Department of Energy—Energy and Water, Interior, Defense
Department of Health and Human Services—Labor, HHS, Education
Department of Housing and Urban Development—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Interior—Interior
Department of Justice—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Labor—Labor, HHS, Education
Department of State—Commerce, Justice, State
Department of Transportation—Transportation
Department of the Treasury—Treasury, Postal
Department of Veterans Affairs—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
DOD Base Closure Account—Military Construction
Drug Control Policy Office—Treasury, Postal
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)—Commerce, Justice, State
-E-
Economic Development Administration—Commerce, Justice, State
Economic Regional Administration—Interior
Education Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Emergency Preparedness—Interior
Employment and Training Administration—Labor, HHS, Education
Energy Department—Energy and Water (also, see Interior and Defense appropriations)
Energy Information Administration—Interior
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Ethics Office, Government—Treasury, Postal
Executive Office of the President—Treasury, Postal
Export-Import Bank—Foreign Operations

CRS-26
-F-
Family Housing (Military)—Military Construction
Farm Credit Systems Financial Assistance Corporation—Agriculture
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)—Transportation
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)—Commerce, Justice, State
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Federal Deposit Insurance Fund—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Drug Control Program—Treasury, Postal
Federal Election Commission (FEC)—Treasury, Postal
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Highway Administration—Transportation
Federal Labor Relations Authority—Treasury, Postal
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review—Labor, HHS, Education
Federal Procurement Policy Office—Treasury, Postal
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. (FSLIC)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Fine Arts Commission—Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service—Interior
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—Agriculture
Food Stamp Program—Agriculture
Foreign Military Program—Foreign Operations
Forest Service—Interior
Fossil Energy Research and Development—Interior
-G-
General Accounting Office (GAO)—Legislative Branch
General Services Administration (GSA)—Treasury, Postal
Government Ethics Office—Treasury, Postal
Government Printing Office (GPO)—Legislative Branch
-H-
Health and Human Services Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Health, National Institutes of (NIH)—Labor, HHS, Education
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)—Labor, HHS, Education
Historic Preservation—Interior
Highways—Transportation
Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
House of Representatives—Legislative Branch
Humanities, National Endowment for the—Interior
-I-
Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)—Commerce, Justice, State
Immigration Reform Commission—Commerce, Justice, State
Indian Affairs Bureau—Interior
Indian Education—Interior
Indian Gaming Commission, National—Interior
Indian Health Services and Facilities—Interior
Institute of Museum Services—Interior
Inter-American Development Bank—Foreign Operations
Inter-American Foundation—Foreign Operations
Interior Department—Interior
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)—Treasury, Postal
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development—Foreign Operations
International Monetary Fund (IMF)—Foreign Operations
International Narcotics Control—Foreign Operations
International Trade Administration (ITA)—Commerce, Justice, State
International Trade Commission (ITC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)—Transportation

CRS-27
-J-
Jobs Corps—Labor, HHS, Education
Judiciary—Commerce, Justice, State
Justice Department—Commerce, Justice, State
-L-
Labor Department—Labor, HHS, Education
Labor Relations Board, National (NLRB)—Labor, HHS, Education
Labor Statistics Bureau—Labor, HHS, Education
Legal Services Corporation—Commerce, Justice, State
Library of Congress—Legislative Branch
Library Services Office—Labor, HHS, Education
-M-
Management and Budget, Office (OMB)—Treasury, Postal
Marine Corps—Defense
Marine Mammal Commission—Commerce, Justice, State
Maritime Administration—Commerce, Justice, State
Market Promotion Program—Agriculture
Migration and Refugee Assistance—Foreign Operations
Mine Safety and Health Administration—Labor, HHS, Education
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency—Foreign Operations
Museum Services, Institute—Interior
-N-
Narcotics Control, Domestic (See Drug Enforcement Administration)—Commerce, Justice, State
Narcotics Control, International—Foreign Operations
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—Veterans, HUD
National Endowment for the Humanities—Interior
National Endowment for Democracy—Commerce, Justice, State
National Forest—Interior
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration—Transportation
National Institutes of Health (NIH)—Labor, HHS, Education
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)—Labor, HHS, Education
National Park Service—Interior
National Science Foundation—Veterans
National Security Council—Treasury, Postal
National Transportation Safety Board—Transportation
NATO Infrastructure—Military Construction
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation Commission—Interior
Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves—Interior
Navy—Defense
Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund—Foreign Operations
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)—Energy and Water
-O-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)—Labor, HHS, Education
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)—Treasury, Postal
Office of Personnel Management (OPM)—Treasury, Postal
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative—Commerce, Justice, State
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)—Foreign Operations
-P-
Park Service, National—Interior
Peace Corps—Foreign Operations
Peace Keeping Operations—Foreign Operations
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) —Labor, HHS, Education
Personnel Management, Office (OPM)—Treasury, Postal
Physicians Payment Review Commission—Labor, HHS, Education

CRS-28
Points of Light Foundation—Veterans
Postal Service—Treasury, Postal
President—Treasury, Postal
Procurement Policy, Office of Federal—Treasury, Postal
Prospective Payment Assessment Commission—Labor, HHS, Education
Public Health Service—Labor, HHS, Education
-R-
Railroad Administration, Federal—Transportation
Railroad Retirement Board—Labor, HHS, Education
Refugee Assistance—Foreign Operations
Resolution Trust Corporation—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Rural—Agriculture
-S-
Savings and Loan Insurance Corp., Federal (FSLIC)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Science Foundation, National—Veterans
Security and Cooperation in Europe Commission—Commerce, Justice, State
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Secret Service—Treasury, Postal
Selective Service—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Senate—Legislative Branch
Small Business Administration (SBA)—Commerce, Justice, State
Smithsonian Institution—Interior
Social Security Administration (SSA)—Labor, HHS, Education
State Department—Commerce, Justice, State
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)—Interior
-T-
Tax Court—Treasury, Postal
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)—Energy and Water
Trade and Development Agency—Foreign Operations
Trade Administration, International (ITA)—Commerce, Justice, State
Trade Commission, International (ITC)—Commerce, Justice, State
Trade Representative—Commerce, Justice, State
Transportation Department (DOT)—Transportation
Treasury Department—Treasury, Postal
-U-
U.S. Information Agency (USIA)—Commerce, Justice, State
U.S. Trade Representatives Office—Commerce, Justice, State
-V-
Veterans Department (VA)—Veterans, Housing and Urban Development
Violent Crime Reduction Programs—Treasury, Postal
VISTA—Labor, HHS, Education
-W-
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority—Transportation
White House—Treasury, Postal
Women, Infants and Children Program (WIC)—Agriculture
World Bank—Foreign Operations

CRS-29
Budget Surplus
(For information on the FY2001 budget, see CRS Issue Brief IB10052, The
Budget for Fiscal Year 2001.)
On 1/31/01, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released their Budget and
Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2002-2011.
HTML: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=2727&sequence=1]
PDF: [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=2727&type=1]
On 9/27/00, President Clinton announced an FY2000 budget surplus projection
of more than $230 billion. This was the third consecutive surplus and the largest in U.S.
history. (The surplus was $124 billion in FY1999 and $69 billion in FY1998.) President
Clinton also announced that the government paid down an additional $223 billion in
debt held by the public in FY2000. The total amount of debt reduction was $360 billion
over the last three years.
The two major sources for federal budget information are the Congressional
Budget Office [http://www.cbo.gov/] and the Office of Management and Budget
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/].
Budget Resolution: Votes
On 4/13/00, the budget resolution conference report for FY2001 (H.Rept.
106-577, H.Con.Res. 290) was adopted by both the House and Senate. The House
agreed by a vote of 220-208, vote #125, Congressional Record, 4/13/00, p. H2258.
The Senate vote was 50-48, vote #85, Congressional Record, 4/13/00, p. S2696. The
President does not sign budget resolutions.
Previously, on 4/7/00, the Senate had passed its FY2001 budget resolution by
incorporating S.Con.Res. 101 into H.Con.Res. 290 as a substitute, and passing
H.Con.Res. 290 by a vote of 51-45, vote #79, Congressional Record, 4/7/00, p.
S2384-2432.
In the early morning of 3/24/00, the House passed its FY2001 budget resolution
by a vote of 211-207, and rejected five other budget proposals. Congressional Record,
3/23/00, p. H1335-H1401, vote #75.
! Rejected the Owens (Congressional Black Caucus) amendment in the
nature of a substitute by a vote of 70 to 348, vote #70, Congressional
Record, 3/23/00, p. H1341-55.
! Rejected the DeFazio (Progressive Caucus) amendment in the nature
of a substitute, by a vote of 61-351, vote #71, Congressional Record,
3/23/00, p. H1355-63.

CRS-30
! Rejected the Stenholm (Blue Dog Democrats) amendment in the nature
of a substitute, by a vote of 171-243, vote #72, Congressional Record,
3/23/00, p. H1363-74.
! Rejected the Sununu (Republican Conservative Action Team —
CATS) amendment in the nature of a substitute by a vote of 78-339,
vote #73, Congressional Record, 3/23/00, p. H1375-86.
! Rejected the Spratt (Democratic Alternative) amendment in the nature
of a substitute by a vote of 184-233, vote #74, Congressional Record,
3/23/00, p. H1386-H1400.
For historical information on budget resolutions from FY1975-FY2000, see CRS
Report RL30297, Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and
Information Guide.
CRS Appropriation/Budget Products
Appropriations and Budget Process
CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: an Introduction, by
Sandy Streeter.

CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
Budget (FY2001)
CRS Issue Brief IB10052, Budget for Fiscal Year 2001, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report RL30499, Budget FY2001: A Chronology with Internet Access, by Pearl
Thomas.
CRS Report RL30583, The Economics of the Federal Budget Surplus, by Brian
Cashell.
Consolidated Appropriations
CRS Report RS20756, FY2001 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RS20758, The 0.22 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2001
Appropriations, by Robert Keith.
Continuing Resolutions
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.

CRS-31
Debt
CRS Report RS20455, The Effect of Surpluses on Federal Debt, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report RL30520, The National Debt: Who Bears its Burden?, by Gail E.
Makinen. (Contains statistical appendixes showing gross federal debt, debt held
by the public, net interest outlays, deficits, and surpluses from FY1980-FY2000,
and projections through FY2004.)
CRS Report RS20302, Paying Down the Federal Debt: A Discussion of Methods, by
James M. Bickley.
CRS Report RL30614, What if the National Debt Were Eliminated? Some Economic
Consequences, by Marc Labonte.
Economy
CRS Report RL30329, Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts, by Gail
E. Makinen.
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics
CRS Fact Sheets provide short explanations of budget concepts, terminology, the
congressional and executive budget process, budget resolutions and reconciliation
measures, the authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and discretionary
spending, the Budget Enforcement Act and sequestration, surplus/deficits, and the debt
limit.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html]
Research and Development
CRS Issue Brief IB10051, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2001,
Michael E. Davey.
Social Security Surplus
CRS Report RL30353, Discretionary Spending Limits and Social Security Surplus,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off-Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 94-593, Social Security Taxes: Where Do Surplus Taxes Go and How Are
They Used?, David Stuart Koitz.

CRS-32
Internet Access
Appropriations Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Appropriation Bills, Reports, Laws, and Veto Messages
(Full-text covers FY1997-FY2001.)
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/appro.html]
Appropriation Web Sites, Publications, Membership, and
Jurisdiction
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/house02.html]
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate03.html]
Budget Process Institutes (CRS)
CRS offers introductory and advanced seminars designed to provide a foundation for
understanding the federal budget process. Overview of the Federal Budget Process:
12/4/00; The President and the Budget (Advanced): 12/6/00.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/briefing.html]
Budget Timetable
[http://www.house.gov/rules/budget_time.htm]
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports
The following selected reports may be accessed through [http://www.cbo.gov]:
An Analysis of the President’s Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2001
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1908&sequence=0&from=7]
Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2001-2010
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1820&sequence=0&from=7]
Budget Options
(Discusses major proposals and policy options to increase spending or cut taxes.)
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1845&sequence=0&from=7]
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO)
“CBO prepares cost estimates and mandates statements for all bills ordered reported by
a full committee of the Congress.” Search by bill number, word or phrase, committee,
or budget function. [http://www.cbo.gov/costextend.shtml]
Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations (CBO)
CBO estimates of the 13 appropriation subcommittees emergency and non-emergency
discretionary appropriations showing budget authority and outlays for 302(b)
allocations, current status, and current status less allocation. (Located at the bottom
of the CBO Home Page under “Data Highlights.”) [http://www.cbo.gov/]
Debt
Bureau of the Public Debt: [http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opd.htm]

CRS-33
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS)
CRS Fact Sheets provide short explanations of budget concepts, terminology, the
congressional and executive budget process, budget resolutions and reconciliation
measures, the authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and discretionary
spending, the Budget Enforcement Act and sequestration, surplus/deficits, and the debt
limit.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/BudgetTopics.html]
Glossaries
CRS: [http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/Glossary/CQDictionaryNF.html]
CBO: [http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=14]
OMB: [http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/circulars/a11/99toc.html] (See “Part I,
Chapter 1, General Information about the Budget: Terms and Concepts”)
Senate: [http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffapi.htm]
Legislative Alert (CRS)
Provides a list of this week’s projected floor votes and CRS analysis.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/legalert.html]
Monthly Budget Review (CBO)
Includes budget surplus projections.
[http://www.cbo.gov/byclasscat.cfm?class=0&cat=35]
Rules Committee—House (Special Rules on Appropriation Bills)
(At this Web site, scroll down the page for a listing of special rules reported.)
[http://www.house.gov/rules/special_rules.htm]
Supplemental Requests and Budget Amendments (OMB)
[http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/amndsup.html]
302(b) Spending Allocations for Appropriation Subcommittees
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/01appro.html#housesub]
H.Rept. 106-761 (revised 7/19/00)
H.Rept. 106-729 (revised 7/12/00)
H.Rept. 106-686 (revised 6/21/00)
H.Rept. 106-683 (revised 6/20/00)
H.Rept. 106-660 (revised 6/8/00)
H.Rept. 106-656 (revised 6/7/00)
H.Rept. 106-623 (revised 5/17/00)
H.Rept. 106-617 (5/15/00)
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/01appro.html#senate01]
S.Rept. 106-507 (revised 10/19/00)
S.Rept. 106-499 (revised 10/12/00)
S.Rept. 106-483 (revised 10/4/00)
S.Rept. 106-465 (revised 10/2/00)
S.Rept. 106-414 (revised 9/20/00)
S.Rept. 106–350 (revised 7/20/00)
S.Rept. 106-346 (revised 7/1800)

CRS-34
S.Rept. 106-311 (revised 6/22/00)
S.Rept. 106-308 (revised 6/8/00)
S.Rept. 106-303 (revised 5/23/00)
S.Rept. 106-296 (5/17/00)
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations
(CBO)
The purpose of this three-volume CBO report is to “help the Congress adopt
authorizing legislation that should be in place before it considers the 13 regular
appropriation bills for the fiscal year.” Provides tables and lists by House and Senate
authorizing committees and by appropriation subcommittees, and includes programs,
public laws, and dollar amounts.
(Only the House authorizing committees volume is available on the CBO Web page):
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1812&sequence=0&from=7]
To obtain paper copies of the other two volumes (Senate authorizing committees and
Appropriations subcommittees), call the CBO publications office at 6-2809.
Veto Indications (OMB)
The Administration’s viewpoint on appropriation bills can be found in the Statements
of Administration Policy (SAPs).
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/2000/appropriations.html]
Appropriations Process
Appropriations Sequence
The congressional budget and appropriations sequence ideally flows as shown
below. However, in practice, the process is rarely so simple. The following links from
GPO provide comprehensive access to the House and Senate Budget and Appropriation
Committee Web sites, publications, hearings, prints, legislation, membership,
jurisdiction, and rules.
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/hclinks.html]
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/sclinks.html]
! President presents his budget proposals to Congress by the first
Monday in February. [http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/]
! House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the President’s
budget, with testimony from the Administration, CBO, Federal
Reserve, and others. [http://www.house.gov/budget/],
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
! CBO, which is an independent support agency for Congress, assists the
Budget committees through the process with reports on economic
forecasts, budgetary analysis, and deficit/surplus options, including The
Economic and Budget Outlook (and Update issued in July), An
Analysis of the President’s Budget Proposals, and Budget Options.
[http://www.cbo.gov]

CRS-35
! House and Senate Budget Committees receive Views and Estimates on
spending and revenues from all full committees 6 weeks after the
President’s budget is received.
! House and Senate Budget Committees report budget resolutions to the
House and Senate, respectively.
! Each Chamber debates and considers amendments to the original
resolution.
! Each Chamber adopts a budget resolution, with differences between
the two versions resolved in a conference committee.
! Each Chamber adopts the final version. The budget resolution is not
signed by the President and does not become public law.
! House and Senate Appropriations committees and subcommittees hold
hearings to review budget justifications from each federal agency.
Each Appropriations subcommittee holds markups, in which they
consider amendments and formulate the regular bill under their
jurisdiction. Each subsequently reports its version to their respective
Appropriations Committee.
! Full House and Senate Appropriations Committees hold markups on
their subcommittees’ versions and report the committees’ versions to
their respective Chambers.
! House and Senate debate, consider amendments, and pass each regular
bill; differences between the House- and Senate-passed bills are
resolved in conference committee. The final version is adopted by both
Chambers and sent to the President. If the bill is approved, it becomes
law. Generally, either all 13 regular bills are enacted separately, or
some are enacted together in an omnibus measure.
! White House indications of opposition or support to appropriation and
non-appropriation legislation scheduled for floor action in the second
session 106th Congress, called Statements of Administration Policy
(SAPs) are located at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/2000/appropriatio
ns.html]
! House and Senate adopt continuing resolutions to provide short-term
funding if the regular bills are not enacted by the October 1 deadline.
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview
(Most of the following is excerpted from CRS Report RL30001, 106th Congress:
Key Issues and Early Agenda, p. 7-10.)

CRS-36
Many of the key issues that Congress faces each year are addressed through
budgetary legislation or legislation that has important budgetary components. As a
consequence, the legislative agenda is closely tied to the requirements and constraints
of the federal budget process.

President’s Budget. Following many months of development by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) and the executive agencies, the President’s budget is
submitted to Congress. Under current law, the deadline for the budget submission is
the first Monday in February. Congress considers the President’s budget
recommendations through a decentralized committee system that involves multiple
budget processes. (See Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted: FY1981-
FY2000.)
Budget Resolution. Before Congress acts on individual spending and revenue
legislation to implement budget policies, it is required (by the Congressional Budget Act
of 1974, as amended) to fashion its own budget plan in the form of a concurrent
resolution. The budget resolution, under the jurisdiction of House and Senate Budget
Committees, is not sent to the President for approval or veto. Instead, it is enforced
through the rules and procedures of each Chamber.
The budget resolution sets overall fiscal and budgetary policy; specific
programmatic decisions are left to the revenue and spending committees. Final House
and Senate action on the budget resolution is scheduled for completion by April 15.
While the House and Senate often complete initial action by this date, final action is
sometimes not completed until weeks, or even months, later.
Implementation of the Budget. Revenue and borrowing decisions fall within
the jurisdiction of the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance
Committee. Spending decisions are decided along two tracks: discretionary and direct
(or mandatory) funding. (See Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-
1999.)
Discretionary Spending. Roughly one-third of all federal spending is
discretionary spending, which is under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees, is provided annually in regular, supplemental, and
continuing appropriations acts. (Discretionary funding, accounted for 33.8%, or $575
billion of total federal spending, $1,703 billion, in FY1999.)
Direct (or Mandatory) Spending. Direct spending largely involves
entitlement and other mandatory programs (such as Social Security, Medicare, federal
retirement, and unemployment insurance), and is under the jurisdiction of the Ways and
Means and Finance Committees, as well as other House and Senate legislative
committees, and is provided in substantive legislation. (Direct spending accounted for
66.2% or $1,128.1 billion of all spending, $1,703 billion, in FY1999. Of that amount,
entitlement programs accounted for 55.1%, or $938.8 billion, interest on the national
debt accounted for approximately 13.5%, or $229.7 billion, and undistributed offsetting
receipts accounted for -2.4%, or -$40.4 billion.)

CRS-37
Reconciliation Legislation. For the most part, revenues and direct spending
flow automatically each year without any legislative action. Congress, however, usually
decides each year to make some changes in revenue and direct spending laws.
Since 1980, Congress has used an optional reconciliation process in conjunction
with the budget resolution. The process allows the House and Senate to instruct
committees, in the budget resolution, to develop legislation by a particular deadline that
conforms existing revenue and direct spending law to budget resolution policies. The
legislative recommendations of the instructed committees usually are consolidated into
an omnibus bill in each Chamber, which is considered under expedited procedures.
Reconciliation has been used 11 times since 1980, resulting in the enactment of 14
separate reconciliation bills. For many years, the reconciliation process was used
primarily to reduce the deficit (often through a combination of spending cuts and
revenue increases) and, in some instances, to increase the debt limit. Recently,
reconciliation also has been used to reduce revenues and to increase spending for some
programs. Two reconciliation bills, one dealing principally with revenue matters and
the other with direct spending, were enacted in 1997 to implement the 1997 budget
summit agreement. In view of the many changes in budget and tax policy expected to
be considered in 2000, the House and Senate may well use the reconciliation process
again.
Budget Resolution Enforcement and Sequestration. Budget resolution
policies are enforced under the 1974 Congressional Budget Act by the reconciliation
process and by point-of-order provisions that operate as House and Senate rules.
Although enforcement procedures under the 1974 Act are extensive, reconciliation
potentially is the most important enforcement tool for revenue and direct spending
legislation; annual appropriations measures are controlled principally by allocations of
spending made to the Appropriations Committees and their subcommittees under
Section 302 of the Act (the so-called 302(b) allocations and subdivisions).
Congressional action on budgetary legislation also is influenced by enforcement
procedures under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as
amended by the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 and other laws. Under a
sequestration process in the Act, automatic spending reductions are made toward the
end of the congressional session if, in the judgment of the director of the Office of
Management and Budget, certain budgetary goals specified in the law are not met.
Discretionary spending is controlled by adjustable discretionary spending limits,
while legislation affecting revenues or direct spending is subject to a deficit-neutral,
“pay-as-you-go” (PAYGO) requirement. In 1997, these procedures were extended to
bills considered through FY2002. The congressional budget process is linked in various
ways to the statutory discretionary spending limits and PAYGO requirement.
The President gives Congress a preliminary assessment of the likelihood of a
sequester in his sequestration preview report, included in his February budget
submission. These figures are updated in the Mid-Session Review, usually issued in July
by OMB. At first, sequestration was viewed as giving the President and Congress a
strong incentive to reach agreement on budgetary goals, thereby avoiding the legislative
deadlock that characterized the early 1980s. With the emergence of a surplus, however,

CRS-38
some Members have questioned the need for continuing the BEA procedures. They
argue that the BEA procedures should be eliminated, or at least substantially modified,
so that Congress and the President can “use” the surplus for tax cuts and other actions
otherwise prohibited.
For more detailed information, see CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the
Federal Budget Process; CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process
(184 p.); and CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An
Introduction.
Table 2. Administration Requests/Amounts Enacted:
FY1981-FY2000
(amounts in thousands)
Difference
Calendar
Amount Requested
(under -)
Year
by President
Amount Enacted
(over +)
1981
541,827,828
554,457,424
+2,629,596
1982
507,740,133
514,832,375
+7,092,242
1983
542,956,052
551,620,505
+8,664,453
1984
576,343,259
559,151,836
-17,191,423
1985
588,698,504
583,446,885
-5,251,619
1986
590,345,199
577,279,102
-13,066,097
1987
618,268,049
614,526,518
-3,741,531
1988
621,250,664
625,967,373
+4,716,709
1989
652,138,432
666,211,681
+14,073,249
1990
704,510,962
697,257,740
-7,253,222
1991
756,428,167
748,448,990
-7,979,177
1992
776,072,233
764,493,308
-11,578,925
1993
818,126,396
788,612,998
-29,513,398
1994
786,217,794
783,750,779
-2,467,015
1995
804,207,430
761,097,096
-43,110,334
1996
801,214,439
793,403,352
-7,811,087
1997
799,196,397
787,614,002
-11,582,395
1998
859,790,825
864,003,763
+4,212,938
1999
916,704,274
920,554,725
+3,850,451
2000
992,530,515
1,007,263,577
$14,733,062
Source: House Committee on Appropriations, 1/31/01.

CRS-39
Table 3. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-FY2000
(in billions of dollars)
Entitlement/
Fiscal
Discretionary
Net
Offsetting
Other Mandatory
Total
Year
Spending
Interest
Receipts
Spending
1981
307.9
339.4
68.8
-37.9
678.2
1982
325.9
370.8
85.0
-36.0
745.8
1983
353.3
410.6
89.8
-45.3
808.4
1984
379.4
405.6
111.1
-44.2
851.9
1985
415.7
448.3
129.5
-47.1
946.4
1986
438.5
461.8
136.0
-45.9
990.5
1987
444.2
474.2
138.7
-52.9
1,004.1
1988
464.4
505.1
151.8
-56.8
1,064.5
1989
488.8
549.7
169.0
-63.8
1,143.7
1990
500.5
626.9
184.4
-58.7
1,253.2
1991
533.3
702.4
194.5
-105.7
1,324.4
1992
534.6
716.1
199.4
-68.4
1,381.7
1993
541.0
736.4
198.7
-66.6
1,409.5
1994
543.9
783.6
203.0
-68.5
1,461.9
1995
545.7
817.7
232.2
-79.7
1,515.8
1996
534.5
856.9
241.1
-71.9
1,560.6
1997
548.9
896.3
244.0
-88.0
1,601.3
1998
554.7
938.6
241.2
-81.9
1,652.6
1999
575.0
976.8
229.7
-78.4
1,703.0
2000
617.0
1,029.8
223.2
-81.1
1,789.0
Source: Congressional Budget Office. The Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2002-2011.
January 2001. Washington, GPO, 2001. Table F-8, p. 146.