{ "id": "RL30478", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL30478", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 597803, "date": "2019-05-03", "retrieved": "2019-05-03T22:16:09.393557", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "For more than four decades, Congress has authorized and refined several programs to help communities address water supply and wastewater problems. The agencies that administer these programs differ in multiple ways. In terms of funding mechanisms, projects developed by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) typically require direct, individual project authorizations from Congress. \nIn contrast, standing program authorizations provide project funding for other agencies, including\nthe Department of Agriculture (USDA), \nthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),\nthe Department of Commerce, and\nthe Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).\nThe key practical difference is that with the individual project authorizations, there is no predictable assistance or even guarantee of funding after a project is authorized, because funding must be secured each year in the congressional appropriations process. The programs, on the other hand, have set program criteria, are generally funded from year to year, and provide a process under which project sponsors compete for funding.\nIn terms of scope and mission, the primary responsibilities of USACE are to maintain inland navigation, provide for flood and storm damage reduction, and restore aquatic ecosystems, while EPA\u2019s mission relates to protecting public health and the environment. The Department of Commerce and HUD focus on community and economic development. Likewise, the specific programs\u2014while all address water supply and wastewater treatment to some degree\u2014differ in important respects. Some are national in scope (those of USDA, EPA, and the Department of Commerce, for example), while others are regionally focused (Reclamation\u2019s programs and projects). Some focus primarily on urban areas (HUD) and some on rural areas (USDA), and others do not distinguish based on community size (e.g., EPA, USACE). \nFederal funding for the programs and projects discussed in this report varies greatly. Collectively, congressional funding for these programs in recent years has been somewhat eroded by overall competition among the many programs that are supported by discretionary spending, despite the continuing pressure from stakeholders and others for increased funding. FY2019 appropriations highlights include the following:\n$1.164 billion for capitalization grants to states under EPA\u2019s State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan program for drinking water systems and $1.694 billion for EPA\u2019s SRF program for wastewater projects; \n$60 million in subsidy costs for the EPA-administered Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) program, allowing the agency to provide approximately $5.5 billion in credit assistance for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects;\n$400 million for USDA\u2019s rural water and waste disposal grant program and direct loan authority of approximately $1.4 billion; \n$3.4 billion for HUD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds (water and wastewater projects are among many eligible uses); and\n$58.6 million for Reclamation\u2019s Title XVI reclamation/recycling projects.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30478", "sha1": "6839e0405f52cfe47bcf61fd5451fee889e85a7d", "filename": "files/20190503_RL30478_6839e0405f52cfe47bcf61fd5451fee889e85a7d.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30478", "sha1": "3d137d13d43f7bb9287aa781c946ffdefeab0e65", "filename": "files/20190503_RL30478_3d137d13d43f7bb9287aa781c946ffdefeab0e65.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4770, "name": "Conservation & Natural Resources" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4909, "name": "Water Resource Management" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4929, "name": "Water Quality" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 581187, "date": "2018-04-26", "retrieved": "2018-05-22T13:23:24.921089", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "For more than four decades, Congress has authorized and refined several programs to help communities address water supply and wastewater problems. The agencies that administer these programs differ in multiple ways. In terms of funding mechanisms, projects developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers typically require direct, individual project authorizations from Congress. \nIn contrast, standing program authorizations provide project funding for other agencies, including\nthe Department of Agriculture (USDA), \nthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),\nthe Department of Commerce, and\nthe Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).\nThe key practical difference is that with the individual project authorizations, there is no predictable assistance or even guarantee of funding after a project is authorized, because funding must be secured each year in the congressional appropriations process. The programs, on the other hand, have set program criteria, are generally funded from year to year, and provide a process under which project sponsors compete for funding.\nIn terms of scope and mission, the primary responsibilities of the Corps are to maintain inland navigation, provide for flood and storm damage reduction, and restore aquatic ecosystems, while EPA\u2019s mission relates to protecting public health and the environment. The Department of Commerce and HUD focus on community and economic development. Likewise, the specific programs\u2014while all address water supply and wastewater treatment to some degree\u2014differ in important respects. Some are national in scope (those of USDA, EPA, and the Department of Commerce, for example), while others are regionally focused (Reclamation\u2019s programs and projects). Some focus primarily on urban areas (HUD) and some on rural areas (USDA), and others do not distinguish based on community size (e.g., EPA, the Corps). \nFederal funding for the programs and projects discussed in this report varies greatly. Collectively, congressional funding for these programs in recent years has been somewhat eroded by overall competition among the many programs that are supported by discretionary spending, despite the continuing pressure from stakeholders and others for increased funding. FY2018 appropriations highlights include the following:\n$1.163 billion for capitalization grants to states under EPA\u2019s State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan program for drinking water systems and $1.694 billion for EPA\u2019s SRF program for wastewater facilities; \n$55 million in subsidy costs for the EPA-administered Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) program, allowing the agency to provide approximately $5.5 billion in credit assistance for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects;\n$895 million for USDA\u2019s rural water and waste disposal grant program and direct loan authority of approximately $1.2 billion; \n$3.3 billion for HUD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds (water and wastewater projects are among many eligible uses); and\n$54.4 million for Reclamation\u2019s Title XVI reclamation/recycling projects.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30478", "sha1": "15619c0a4a2dc5f65c1882e6e3bdd8187c990d2d", "filename": "files/20180426_RL30478_15619c0a4a2dc5f65c1882e6e3bdd8187c990d2d.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30478", "sha1": "5ba8f36ad350f3959c461a60757ac87a95ae6d26", "filename": "files/20180426_RL30478_5ba8f36ad350f3959c461a60757ac87a95ae6d26.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4770, "name": "Conservation & Natural Resources" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4909, "name": "Water Resource Management" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4929, "name": "Water Quality" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 575996, "date": "2017-11-28", "retrieved": "2017-12-05T14:01:15.130748", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "For more than four decades, Congress has authorized and refined several programs to help communities address water supply and wastewater problems. The agencies that administer these programs differ in multiple ways. In terms of funding mechanisms, projects developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers typically require direct, individual project authorizations from Congress. \nIn contrast, standing program authorizations provide project funding for other agencies, including\nthe Department of Agriculture (USDA), \nthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),\nthe Department of Commerce, and\nthe Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).\nThe key practical difference is that with the individual project authorizations, there is no predictable assistance or even guarantee of funding after a project is authorized, because funding must be secured each year in the congressional appropriations process. The programs, on the other hand, have set program criteria, are generally funded from year to year, and provide a process under which project sponsors compete for funding.\nIn terms of scope and mission, the primary responsibilities of the Corps are to maintain inland navigation, provide for flood and storm damage reduction, and restore aquatic ecosystems, while EPA\u2019s mission relates to protecting public health and the environment. The Department of Commerce and HUD focus on community and economic development. Likewise, the specific programs\u2014while all address water supply and wastewater treatment to some degree\u2014differ in important respects. Some are national in scope (those of USDA, EPA, and the Department of Commerce, for example), while others are regionally focused (Reclamation\u2019s programs and projects). Some focus primarily on urban areas (HUD) and some on rural areas (USDA), and others do not distinguish based on community size (e.g., EPA, the Corps). \nFederal funding for the programs and projects discussed in this report varies greatly. Collectively, congressional funding for these programs in recent years has been somewhat eroded by overall competition among the many programs that are supported by discretionary spending, despite the continuing pressure from stakeholders and others for increased funding. FY2017 appropriations highlights include the following: \n$863 million in appropriations for capitalization grants to states under EPA\u2019s State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan program for drinking water systems and $1.39 billion for EPA\u2019s SRF program for wastewater facilities; \n$392 million appropriated for the USDA\u2019s rural water and waste disposal grant and loan programs; \n$3.01 billion for HUD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds (water and wastewater projects are among many eligible uses); \n$34.4 million for Reclamation\u2019s Title XVI reclamation/recycling projects; and\n$25 million in subsidy costs for the EPA-administered Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) program, allowing the agency to provide approximately $1.5 billion in credit assistance for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30478", "sha1": "fc3fc9608aadaa7a80007c31b664142d44322109", "filename": "files/20171128_RL30478_fc3fc9608aadaa7a80007c31b664142d44322109.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30478", "sha1": "7286a8fbbacbfb68ccb139eacacf11b82d37d9a6", "filename": "files/20171128_RL30478_7286a8fbbacbfb68ccb139eacacf11b82d37d9a6.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4770, "name": "Conservation & Natural Resources" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4909, "name": "Water Resource Management" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4929, "name": "Water Quality" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450906, "date": "2016-03-17", "retrieved": "2016-03-24T16:51:50.722492", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "Although the federal government has played a significant role in developing water quality regulations and standards for municipal and industrial (M&I) water use, it historically has provided a relatively small percentage of the funding for construction of water supply and treatment facilities for M&I uses. Yet, several programs exist to assist communities with development of water supply and treatment projects, and it appears that Congress is more frequently being asked to authorize direct financial and technical assistance for developing or treating water supplies for M&I use.\nThis report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater recycling and treatment. These projects and programs are found primarily within the Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Commerce, Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).\nThe focus of some programs has been enlarged over the years. The Department of the Interior\u2019s Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) was established to implement the Reclamation Act of 1902, which authorized the construction of water works to provide water for irrigation in arid western states. Congress subsequently authorized other uses of project water, including M&I use. Even so, the emphasis of Reclamation\u2019s operations was to provide water for irrigation. Similarly, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (DOD) constructed large reservoirs primarily for flood control, but was authorized in 1958 to allocate water for M&I purposes. Over the past 40-plus years, Congress has authorized and refined several programs to assist local communities in addressing other water supply and wastewater problems. These programs serve generally different purposes and have different financing mechanisms; however, there is some overlap.\nFederal funding for the programs and projects discussed in this report varies greatly. For example, in FY2016 Congress provided $863 million in appropriations for grants to states under EPA\u2019s State Revolving Fund (SRF) loan program for drinking water facilities and $1.39 billion for EPA\u2019s SRF program for wastewater facilities; funds appropriated for the USDA\u2019s rural water and waste disposal grant and loan programs are $385 million for FY2016; HUD Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds (used partly but not exclusively for water and wastewater projects) are $3.01 billion for FY2016. In contrast, Reclamation\u2019s Title XVI reclamation/recycling projects received $23.4 million in appropriations for FY2016. \nFor each of the projects and programs discussed, this report describes project or program purposes, financing mechanisms, eligibility requirements, recent funding, and the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30478", "sha1": "4d27a248e400d7aa97f6abaea1831190954d5840", "filename": "files/20160317_RL30478_4d27a248e400d7aa97f6abaea1831190954d5840.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30478", "sha1": "aec6b35f311c7e6697dd248a568cd9e944d4e6c4", "filename": "files/20160317_RL30478_aec6b35f311c7e6697dd248a568cd9e944d4e6c4.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2647, "name": "Water Quality Protection" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 318, "name": "Water Resources Management and Development" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818741/", "id": "RL30478_2015Mar18", "date": "2015-03-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150318_RL30478_afa23d9f38cc3bd94f668b1af5367be537c3992a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150318_RL30478_afa23d9f38cc3bd94f668b1af5367be537c3992a.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816850/", "id": "RL30478_2010Mar19", "date": "2010-03-19", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100319_RL30478_8ec102da4ef4db32e02d1c3e1c0a224559639fed.pdf" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26196/", "id": "RL30478_2009Jun15", "date": "2009-06-15", "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater treatment.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090615_RL30478_48bf611300e75af944cdd7b0d0cfaf24cd1d0d3f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090615_RL30478_48bf611300e75af944cdd7b0d0cfaf24cd1d0d3f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water pollution", "name": "Water pollution" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water treatment", "name": "Waste water treatment" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water", "name": "Waste water" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water treatment plants", "name": "Water treatment plants" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816904/", "id": "RL30478_2008Aug26", "date": "2008-08-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": 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"RL30478_2006Mar31", "date": "2006-03-31", "retrieved": "2016-06-02T05:26:07", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater recycling and treatment.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060331_RL30478_567e60f9c8c3126a881d3c4d8f42547c8ff69b6d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060331_RL30478_567e60f9c8c3126a881d3c4d8f42547c8ff69b6d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water pollution", "name": "Water pollution" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal aid to water pollution control", "name": "Federal aid to water pollution control" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal aid to water resources development", "name": "Federal aid to water resources development" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water quality", "name": "Water quality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water supply", "name": "Water supply" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water treatment", "name": "Waste water treatment" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water resources", "name": "Water resources" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9117/", "id": "RL30478_2005Mar14", "date": "2005-03-14", "retrieved": "2006-08-10T15:22:32", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "This report provides background information on the types of water supply and\r\nwastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the\r\nseveral existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater\r\nrecycling and treatment. These projects and programs are found primarily within the\r\nDepartment of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Commerce, Department of\r\nDefense (DOD), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),\r\nDepartment of the Interior (DOI), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050314_RL30478_53f69b63f1ad9f9aa3e5862eb6c0f581d2ccd32a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050314_RL30478_53f69b63f1ad9f9aa3e5862eb6c0f581d2ccd32a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water pollution", "name": "Water pollution" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal aid to water pollution control", "name": "Federal aid to water pollution control" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal aid to water resources development", "name": "Federal aid to water resources development" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water quality", "name": "Water quality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water supply", "name": "Water supply" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water treatment", "name": "Waste water treatment" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Budgets", "name": "Budgets" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water resources", "name": "Water resources" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795863/", "id": "RL30478_2003Mar25", "date": "2003-03-25", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Federally Supported Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Programs", "summary": "This report provides background information on the types of water supply and wastewater treatment projects traditionally funded by the federal government and the several existing programs to assist communities with water supply and wastewater recycling and treatment.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20030325_RL30478_12dfcc828bebe90716db8ec7a152819eff3e5180.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20030325_RL30478_12dfcc828bebe90716db8ec7a152819eff3e5180.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress", "name": "Congress" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Women", "name": "Women" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Women Members of Congress", "name": "Women Members of Congress" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Agricultural Policy", "Appropriations", "Economic Policy", "Energy Policy", "Environmental Policy" ] }