Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 106th Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 106th Congress

Order Code RL30476
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
Commissions, 106th Congress
Updated March 21, 2001
-name redacted-
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
Commissions, 106th Congress
Summary
This report lists full-time positions, requiring Senate confirmation, in regulatory
and other collegial bodies. Incumbents in each position are identified, as are fixed-
term positions, and the dates their terms of office expire. The report also provides
information on the nominations made by President Clinton to positions that were
vacant or had incumbents whose terms had expired, and Senate actions on the
nominations. In addition, a brief profile of each board and commission indicates if
political balance is required among the members, and, if so, the political affiliation of
the incumbent, and whether an incumbent may remain in office when a term expires.
During the 106th Congress, which adjourned on December 15, 2000, the
President submitted 76 nominations to positions on regulatory boards and
commissions. Forty-two of the nominations were confirmed, seven withdrawn and
27 returned. On average, the Senate took 83 days to confirm a nomination. As of
December 31, 2000, of 147 positions in 33 agencies, 19 were vacant, 17 were filled
by incumbents whose terms had expired, and 10 were filled by recess appointees. The
rest were filled by incumbents who had been confirmed by the Senate and whose term
of office had not expired.
The report does not include organizations such as the Board for International
Broadcasting, the Legal Services Corporation, and the United States Postal Service,
whose members serve on a part-time basis. Information for this report was obtained
from the nominations file in LEGIS (a database available from the Senate Computer
Center), the Congressional Record (daily edition), from the Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents, and through telephone discussions with agency officials.

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Appointments During the 106th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Average Time to Confirm a Nomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Appointment Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Recess Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Characterization of Regulatory and Other Collegial Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Organization of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Positions in Agencies and Their Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chemical Safety and
Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Export-Import Bank (EXIMBANK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Farm Credit Administration (FCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),
Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Federal Election Commission (FEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Federal Housing Finance Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC) . . . . . . . . . . 25
Federal Reserve System (FRS), Board of Governors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA),
Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
National Mediation Board (NMB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Postal Rate Commission (PRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Surface Transportation Board (STB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
United States International Trade Commission (USITC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
United States Parole Commission (USPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
List of Agency Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
List of Tables
Table 1. Appointment Action During 106th Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table 2. Alphabetical List of Appointees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 3. Number of Agency Positions, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial
Boards and Commissions, 106th Congress
Introduction
Appointments During the 106th Congress
During the 106th Congress, the President submitted 76 nominations1 to full-
time positions on regulatory boards and commissions. Forty-two of the nominations
were confirmed, seven withdrawn and 27 returned. The large number of failed
nominations reflects the fact that in a presidential election year the Senate, when
controlled by the opposition party, is reluctant to confirm nominees to fixed-term
positions in which they may serve for several years. The reluctance is based on the
hope that its own presidential candidate would win the election and make
appointments to the positions. Table 1 presents the appointment action in the 106th
Congress.
1. Appointment Action
During the 106th Congress, 1999 - 2000
Positions
147
Nominations submitted to Senate
76
Nominations confirmed
42
Nominations withdrawn
7
Nominations returned
27
Recess appointments
17

1To avoid double counting, only one nomination is counted as being submitted when (1) a
nomination is withdrawn by the White House to make a minor change and is then immediately
resubmitted to the Senate; or (2) the same person was nominated both as member and as chair;
or (3) a nomination is submitted to the Senate, the nominee is given a recess appointment
while the nomination is pending, and a second nomination is submitted notifying the Senate
that the nominee has been given a recess appointment. Consequently, total figures regarding
nominations in this report will not be the same as those found in the monthly “Resume of
Congressional Activity” in the Congressional Record, nor in the nominations returned and
withdrawn section of the Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate.

CRS-2
Average Time to Confirm a Nomination
The average time the Senate took to confirm a nomination to an independent
regulatory board or commission, as well as the average time the President took to
submit a nomination, may not be as meaningful when considering independent
regulatory boards or commissions as it is when considering executive departments and
single-headed independent agencies. Nearly all positions on boards and commissions
are for a fixed term of office, and, when a term expires, in most instances the
incumbent may remain in office until he or she is replaced by a successor. Moreover,
a nomination is frequently submitted before an incumbent’s term expires.
Consequently, the average time taken to confirm a nomination generally is not as
crucial for independent regulatory boards and commission as it is for executive
departments and single-headed independent agencies, where a nomination is generally
made to a position that is vacant.
During the 106th Congress, the Senate took an average of 83 days to confirm a
nomination to an independent regulatory board or commission after it was received.2
During the 105th Congress, the Senate took an average of 79 days to confirm a
nomination to independent regulatory boards and commissions. (No information is
readily available on how long the President took to submit a nomination when a term
expired or a position became vacant.) Of the 42 nominations confirmed, 29 were
confirmed in less time than the 83-day average, while the remaining 13 took longer
to confirm. The number of days to confirm individual nominations varied widely.
While 10 nominations were confirmed in less than a month, two took over six months,
another two took over eight months, and one took over twelve months.
The fact that most of the independent regulatory boards and commissions require
a political balance among their members, (i.e., no more than a simple majority may be
from the same political party) means that the President must negotiate over
nominations with leaders of the opposition party in Congress. These negotiations
involve questions not only of patronage, but also of policy, especially when the board
or commission is involved in areas that may, at the time, be particularly sensitive.
This often results in a packaging process, whereby the President submits several
nominations together for positions in a particular agency, and the Senate then
confirms that group of nominations as a package. Sometimes, however, only one or
two nominations are submitted when three or four positions may be available. When
this occurs, a nomination may remain before the Senate for many months, until one
or two additional nominations are submitted. Generally, all are then quickly
confirmed.3 A variation of this packaging process appears to have been the case
2The average number of days to confirm a nomination is calculated by subtracting the number
of days between the nomination and confirmation dates, adding those numbers, and dividing
the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included in the calculations are the
32-day August-September recess (08/08/99 - 09/09/99) during the first session, the 40-day
July-September recess (07/27/00 - 09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day
November-January adjournment period between the first and second sessions (11/29/99 -
01/24/00) if a nomination was pending during those periods.
3For example, two Democratic nominees were nominated, one in March and the other in April,
(continued...)

CRS-3
regarding the boards and commissions in table 2, as well as other boards and
commissions.
The Appointment Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.4 The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointment process)nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
In the nomination, or first, stage, the President selects the nominee and sends his
or her name to the Senate. For positions that are located within a state (U.S.
Attorney, U.S. Marshal, and U.S. District Judge), the President, by custom, normally
nominates an individual recommended by the Senator or Senators (if they are from the
same party as the President) from that state. If neither Senator is from the same party,
the President normally defers to the recommendations of party leaders from that state.
Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations from Senators from the
opposition party because of their positions in the Senate. Before making a nomination
to a federal position at the national or state level, the President must consider how it
will fare in the confirmation process.
A nomination to a position does not give the nominee legal authority to assume
the duties and responsibilities of the position. That authority comes only after the
nominee is confirmed and appointed. While awaiting confirmation, a nominee often
is hired as a consultant and may act only in an advisory capacity.
In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone determines whether to
approve or disapprove a nomination. How the Senate acts on a nomination depends
largely on the importance of the position involved, existing political circumstances,
and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows particular interest in the
nominee’s views and how he or she is likely to affect public policy.5 How closely the
nominee’s personal and professional qualities are examined may depend on the
importance of the position, the nominee’s possible or likely effect on constituent
interests, and his or her possible or likely influence on public policy.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that all of his nominees to full-time positions will be approved routinely. This is
3(...continued)
to positions on the Federal Maritime Commission. No action was taken on either nominee
until a Republican was nominated in November, at which time the Senate confirmed the
Republican nominee and one of the Democratic nominees.
4 A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in
( name redacted),
Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President, 3rd ed. rev.
(Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1991), pp. 23-52.
5G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: Free Press,
1981), pp. 97-189.

CRS-4
especially true of nominations to regulatory and other collegial boards and
commissions. Between 1981 and 1992, 22% of the nominations to boards and
commissions failed. During the same period, 11% of the nominations to independent
agencies and 9% of the nominations to executive departments also failed.6
The full Senate seldom rejects a nomination. Nearly all rejections occur in
committee, either by committee vote or by committee inaction. Nominations fail for
many reasons, including: opposition to the nomination; insufficient time for
consideration of the nomination; or political conflict between the President and the
Senate or individual Senators that may have nothing to do with the nomination.
The first two stages of the appointment process may be summarized by the view
that, while the President proposes, the Senate disposes. In the third, or final stage,
the confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with the seal
of the United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office. At that point, he or she
has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The President may also make appointments without Senate confirmation when
the Senate is in recess (Article II, Section II of the Constitution), either during a
session (intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess
appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of Congress.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed additional restrictions on
the President’s authority to make a recess appointment. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if
the position to which the President makes a recess appointment falls vacant while the
Senate is in session, the appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he or she
is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the vacancy
arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for the office
(other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during the
preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination was
rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was given
the recess appointment. A recess appointee falling under any one of these three
exceptions must be nominated not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next
session of the Senate.7 For this reason, when a recess appointment is made, the
6U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Senate Action on Nominations
to Policy Positions in the Executive Branch, 1981-1992, by (name redacted), CRS Report 93-
464 GOV (Washington: April 28, 1993). The study did not include nominations submitted
by Presidents Carter and Reagan in the last month of their administrations, or nominations
submitted within a month of the Senate’s adjournment at the end of a session. It also excluded
nominations to the judiciary, military services, Foreign Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps, and Public Health Service Officer Corps as well
as nominations to all ambassadorial, U.S. Attorney, U.S. Marshal, and part-time positions.
7For additional information on recess appointments, see U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard C.
(continued...)

CRS-5
President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee even when an old
nomination is pending.
Characterization of Regulatory and Other Collegial Bodies
Federal executive boards and commissions share the following characteristics:
(1) they are independent executive bodies located outside executive departments;8 (2)
several members head each entity; (3) the members are appointed by the President
with the advice and consent of the Senate; and (4) the members serve fixed terms of
office, and, except in a few bodies, cannot be removed by the President except for
cause.
Presidential appointees to federal regulatory boards and commissions, with a few
exceptions, serve for staggered, fixed terms, and are removable only for cause.
Sometimes, the time between confirmation and the term-expiration date is less than
the fixed term of office. This results from the fact that a nominee generally is
nominated and confirmed either long after a term has expired and a new term has
begun or to complete an unexpired term. Occasionally, if the unexpired term is for
a very short period, two nominations of the same person are submitted
simultaneously)the first to complete the unexpired term and the second to complete
a regular term of office.
On some commissions, the chair is subject to Senate confirmation and must be
appointed from among the incumbent commissioners. If the President wishes to
appoint as chair someone who is not on the commission, two nominations are
submitted simultaneously for the nominee)the first for member and the second for
chair.
On 24 of the regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions, no more
than a simple majority of the appointed members (e.g., two of three, or three of five)
may belong to the same political party. Finally, three boards and commissions each
have an inspector general, and three others each have a general counsel appointed by
the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Organization of the Report
Profiles of the boards and commissions proffered here are organized into three
sections: organizational structure; current membership; and nominations and
appointments. The organizational section discusses the number of members on each
board or commission, their terms of office, if they may continue in their positions after
their terms expire, if political balance is needed, and how the chairman is selected.
7(...continued)
Ehlke, CRS Report 87-832 A (Washington: Oct. 19, 1987).
8Exceptions are the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), located in the
Department of Energy (DOE), and the Surface Transportation Board (STB), located in the
Department of Transportation (DOT); the FERC’s enabling statute designates it as an
independent entity in DOE, while that of the STB states only that it is located in DOT.

CRS-6
In the “Current Membership” section under each agency, incumbents whose
terms have expired, but who continue in office, are italicized. For those agencies
requiring political balance among their members, the political affiliation of an
incumbent generally is listed as Democrat (D), Republican (R), or Independent (I).
When the term of office expires sometime in the year 2000, the year column under
“Term expires” begins with a 0. For example, if a term expires on October 21, 2000,
it is cited as 10/21/00; if on March 3, 2005, it is cited as 03/03/05. Information on
incumbents is current as of December 31, 2000.
Data on appointment action during the 106th Congress appear under the “Current
Membership” section and the “Appointment Action” section. The “Current
Membership” section identifies all positions in each agency requiring Senate
confirmation and the incumbents in those positions. Most of the incumbents serve
fixed terms of office and are removable only for specified causes. They generally
remain in office when a new administration assumes office following a presidential
election. The section also includes the grade level of each position. As presidential
appointment positions requiring Senate confirmation, the grade level falls under the
Executive Schedule, which ranges from level I for cabinet level offices, to level V for
the lowest ranked positions. Most of the positions for chairperson are at level III
($130,200), and for members at level IV ($122,400).9
The “Appointment Action” section lists the names of the nominees and
appointees in alphabetical order, and notes the positions to which they were
nominated, the dates of nomination, and the dates of confirmation. Actions other than
confirmation (i.e., nominations rejected by the Senate or returned to, or withdrawn
by, the President, or recess appointments) are also noted.

An alphabetical list of all nominees begins on page seven, noting the agency
involved and date of nomination and confirmation.10 The list also indicates if a
nomination was withdrawn, returned, or rejected, or if a recess appointment was
made. Occasionally, when a position is vacant and the unexpired term of office ends
within a number of weeks or months, two nominations for the same nominee are
submitted, the first to complete the unexpired term, and the second for a full-term
following completion of the expired term. Also, when a nominee is awaiting Senate
9The salary figures are for 2000.
10Information for this report was obtained from the nominations file in LEGIS (a database
available from the Senate Computer Center), the Congressional Record (daily edition), the
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, and telephone discussions with agency
officials. Similar reports are available for previous Congresses. U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 103rd Congress, by (name r
edacted),
CRS Report 94-628 GOV (Washington: Feb. 10, 1995); U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 104th Congress, by (name r
edacted),
CRS Report 96-271GOV (Washington: Nov. 18, 1996); and U.S. Library of
Congress, Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 105th Congress, by (name r
edacted), CRS Report 98-137 GOV (Washington: Dec. 4, 1998).

CRS-7
action and he or she is given a recess appointment, a second, follow-up, nomination
is submitted to comply with the requirements of 5 U.S.C. 5503(b).
In the table, the average number of days to confirm a nomination is calculated
by subtracting the number of days between the confirmation and nomination dates and
dividing the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included in the
calculations are the 32-day recess in August-September (08/08/99–09/08/99) during
the first session, the 40-day recess in July-September (07/27/00–09/05/00) during the
second session, and the 56-day adjournment period (11/29/99–01/24/00) between the
first and second sessions of the 106th Congress.
2. Alphabetical List of Appointees
Days to
Nominee
Agencya
Nominated

Confirmed
confirmb
Geoff Bacino
MSPB
07/26/00
Returned 12/15/00
Geoff Bacino
MSPB
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Joseph E. Brennan
FMC
03/22/99
11/10/99
201
Ann Brown
CPSC
06/10/99
07/01/99
21
Ann Brown
CPSC
06/10/99
07/01/99
21c
Wayne Burkes
STB
01/06/99
02/22/99
47
Carol J. Carmody
NTSB
11/08/99
05/24/00
142
Ruben Castillo
USSC
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
Bonnie P. Castrey
FLRA
07/13/00
Returned 12/15/00
William Clyburn, Jr.
STB
01/06/99
02/12/99
37
Ernest W. DuBester
NMB
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Francis J. Duggan
NMB
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Michael V. Dunn
FCA
04/06/00
Returned 12/15/00
Michael V. Dunn
FCA
Recess appointment 12/21/00
A. J. Eggenberger
DNFSB
09/24/99
10/29/99
35
Lois N. Epstein
CSHIB
10/25/00
Returned 12/15/00
Thomas J. Erickson
CFTC
02/04/99
06/16/99
132
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.
FRS
09/13/99
09/29/99
16
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.
FRS
09/13/99
09/29/99
16c
Sarah M. Fox
NLRB
Recess appointment 12/17/99
Sarah M. Fox
NLRB
03/20/00
Withdrawn 10/17/00
Sarah M. Fox
OSHRC
12/15/00
Returned 12/15/00
Michael J. Gaines
USPC
07/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Mary S. Gall
CPSC
05/26/99
07/01/99
36
John Goglia
NTSB
08/05/99
05/24/00
205
Alan Greenspan
FRS
01/24/00
02/03/00
10c
Skila Harris
TVA
09/29/99
11/10/99
42
Curt Hebert, Jr.
FERC
07/01/99
07/30/99
29
Paul L. Hill, Jr.
CSHIB
08/05/99
10/01/99
25
Paul L. Hill, Jr.
CSHIB
08/05/99
10/01/99
25c
James J. Hoecker
FERC
11/09/99
Returned 12/15/00

CRS-8
Days to
Nominee
Agencya
Nominated

Confirmed
confirmb
James J. Hoecker
FERC
Recess appointment 12/18/00
Richard C. Houseworth
FDIC
01/31/00
Returned 12/15/00
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.
SEC
10/26/00
Returned 12/15/00
Magdalena G. Jacobsen
NMB
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Janie L. Jeffers
USPC
11/16/99
Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. Jeffers
USPC
Recess appointment 12/09/99
Reginald E. Jones
EEOC
10/02/00
Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.
USPC
07/19/99
Withdrawn 11/19/99
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.
USPC
11/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.
USPC
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Jerome F. Kever
RRB
11/16/99
05/24/00
134
John R. Lacey
FCSC
11/09/99
Returned 12/15/00
Thomas B. Leary
FTC
07/27/99
11/10/99
74
Franz S. Leichter
FHFB
06/08/99
Returned 12/15/00
Franz S. Leichter
FHFB
Recess appointment 08/03/00
Marc L. Marks
FMSHRC
06/08/00
Withdrawn 10/26/00
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.
TVA
09/29/99
11/10/99
42
Danny L. McDonald
FEC
02/09/00
05/24/00
105
Edward McGaffigan, Jr.
NRC
02/03/00
05/24/00
111
Allan I. Mendelowitz
FHFB
06/16/00
Returned 12/15/00
Allan I. Mendelowitz
FHFB
Recess appointment 12/28/00
Antony M. Merck
FMC
11/09/99
11/10/99
1
Richard A. Meserve
NRC
08/05/99
10/01/99
25
Douglas L. Miller
FHFB
06/08/99
Returned 12/15/00
Paul S. Miller
EEOC
05/24/99
11/19/99
147
Linda J. Morgan
STB
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
Bruce A. Morrison
FHFB
10/29/99
Withdrawn 06/16/00
Diana E. Murphy
USSC
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
Susan Ness
FCC
07/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Susan Ness
FCC
Recess appointment 12/18/00
Timothy O’Neill
FHFB
10/29/99
Returned 12/15/00
Deanna T. Okun
USITC
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
George A. Omas
PRC
07/21/00
10/26/00
57
Leonard R. Page
NLRB
02/11/99
Returned 12/15/00
Leonard R. Page
NLRB
Recess appointment 11/22/99
Carol J. Parry
FRS
08/05/99
Returned 12/15/00
Gerald V. Poje
CSHIB
09/27/99
11/10/99
44
Carol W. Pope
FLRA
11/10/99
10/26/00
255
Marie F. Ragghianti
USPC
07/19/99
Withdrawn 11/19/99
Marie F. Ragghianti
USPC
11/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Marie F. Ragghianti
USPC
Recess appointment 12/09/99

CRS-9
Days to
Nominee
Agencya
Nominated

Confirmed
confirmb
William J. Rainer
CFTC
06/23/99
08/05/99
43
William J. Rainer
CFTC
06/23/99
08/05/99
43c
John M. Reich
FDIC
10/05/00
12/15/00
71
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.
USPC
10/02/00
Returned 12/15/00
Dan H. Renberg
EXIMBAk
08/04/99
11/10/99
66
James C. Riley
FMSHRC
06/08/00
Returned 12/15/00
James C. Riley
FMSHRC
Recess appointment 08/31/00
Jessie M. Roberson
DNFSB
09/24/99
10/29/99
35
Barbara J. Sapin
MSPB
05/03/00
Returned 12/15/00
Barbara J. Sapin
MSPB
Recess appointment 12/28/00
John R. Simpson
USPC
07/19/99
Withdrawn 07/26/00
Beth S. Slavet
MSPB
03/23/00
Returned 12/15/00
Beth S. Slavet
MSPB
Recess appointment 12/22/00
Bradley A. Smith
FEC
02/09/00
05/24/00
105
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.
RRB
11/16/99
05/24/00
134
John R. Steer
USSC
09/14/99
11/10/99
57
Clifford G. Stewart
EEOC
07/01/99
Returned 12/15/00
Clifford G. Stewart
EEOC
Recess appointment 12/22/99
Donna Tanoue
FDIC
01/31/00
Returned 12/15/00
John C. Truesdale
NLRB
02/11/99
11/19/99
249
Gary L. Visscher
OSHRC
03/23/99
05/20/99
58
Dennis P. Walsh
NLRB
10/17/00
Returned 12/15/00
Dennis P. Walsh
NLRB
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Dorian V. Weaver
EXIMBA
07/28/99
11/10/99
73
Stuart E. Weisberg
OSHRC
05/11/99
Withdrawn 12/15/00
Stuart E. Weisberg
OSHRC
Recess appointment 12/09/99
Delmond J. H. Won
FMC
04/12/99
09/08/00
387
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
83
a A key to agency acronyms is at page 44.
b The average number of total days to confirm a nomination in the above table and the ensuing tables
is calculated by subtracting the number of days between the confirmation and nomination dates for all
nominees, adding the numbers, and dividing the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included
in the calculations are the 32-day August-September recess (08/08/99–09/09/99) during the first session, the
40-day July-September recess (07/27/00-09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day adjournment
period between the 1st and 2nd sessions of the 106th Congress (11/29/99–01/24/00) if a nomination was pending
during those periods.
c The number of days taken to confirm this nomination is not included in the average number of days
taken to confirm a nomination in the table because it involved appointment to be the chair or vice chair of the
agency, not appointment to the agency.

CRS-10
Positions in Agencies and Their Status
At the end of 2000, of 147 member and other positions requiring confirmation on 33 independent boards
and commissions, 14 were filled by incumbents whose terms had expired, 10 were filled by recess appointees,
and 19 were vacant.
3. Number of Agency Positions, December 31, 2000
Positions
Vacant
Term
Nominated
Confirmed
Returned
Recess
CSHIB
5
2
0
3
2
1
0
CFTC
5
0
1
2
2
0
0
CPSC
3
0
0
2
2
0
0
DNFSB
5
0
1
2
2
0
0
EEOC
6
3
0
3
1
2
0
EXIMBA
5
1
0
2
2
0
0
FCA
3
0
0
1
0
1
1
FCC
5
0
1
1
0
1
1
FDIC
4
1
1
3
1
2
0
FEC
6
0
0
2
2
0
0
FERC
5
1
0
2
1
1
1
FHFB
4
1
1
5
0
5
2
FLRA
4
0
1
2
1
1
0
FMC
5
0
2
3
3
0
0
FMSHRC
5
1
0
2
0
2
1
FRS
7
2
0
2
1
1
0
FTC
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
FCSC
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
MSPB
3
0
0
1
0
1
1
NCUA
3
0
0
1
0
1
1
NLRB
6
2
0
4
1
3
1
NMB
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
NTSB
5
0
1
2
2
0
0
NRC
6
0
0
2
2
0
0
OSHRC
3
2
0
3
1
2
0
PRC
5
0
1
1
1
0
0
RRB
4
0
0
2
2
0
0
SEC
5
1
1
1
0
1
0
STB
3
0
1
3
3
0
0
TVA
3
0
0
2
2
0
0
USITC
6
0
1
1
1
0
0
USPC
5
1
1
8
0
8
1
USSC
4
0
0
3
3
0
0
147
19
14
76
42
34
10

CRS-11
Chemical Safety and
Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB)
The CSHIB is an independent agency consisting of five members (no political balance is
required) who serve five-year terms. The chairperson is subject to confirmation by the Senate. When
a term expires, the incumbent must leave office. (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6))
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Part
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
y
Gerald V. Poje
na
11/10/99
10/01/04
IV
Reappointed
Isodore Rosenthal
na
10/21/98
10/21/03
IV
Andrea K. Taylor
na
10/21/98
10/21/03
IV
Vacant
na
5 years
IV
Vacant
na
5 years
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Part
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm1
y
Lois N. Epstein2
na
Member
10/25/00
Returned 12/15/00
Paul L. Hill, Jr.3
na
Member
08/05/99
10/01/99
25
Paul L. Hill, Jr.
na
Chair4
08/05/99
10/01/99
255
Gerald V. Poje6
na
Member
09/27/99
11/10/99
44
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
35
1Not included in the days to confirm calculation for the CSHIB and the other agencies are the
32 day recess in August-September (08/08/99-09/09/99) during the first session, 40-day
recess in July-September (07/27/00-09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day
adjournment between the first and second sessions (11/29/99-01/24/00), if a nomination was
pending during those periods.
2For a term of five years, vice Devra Lee Davis, resigned.
3For a term of five years, reappointment. He resigned a year after his appointment.
4Nominations to be the chair or vice chair of an agency are not included when calculating the
average number of days to taken by the Senate to confirm a nomination.
5Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.
6For a term of five years, reappointment.

CRS-12
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
The CFTC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. At the end of a term, a member may remain in office until the end of the
next session of Congress. The chair is also appointed by the President, with the advice and consent
of the Senate. (7 U.S.C. 4a)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
William J. Rainer
D
08/05/99
04/13/04
III
Chair
Thomas J. Erickson
D
06/16/99
04/13/03
IV
Barbara P. Holum
D
06/23/98
04/13/02
IV
Reappointed
James E. Newsome
R
07/22/98
06/19/01
IV
David D. Spears
R
08/02/96
04/13/00
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Thomas J. Erickson1
D
Member
02/04/99
06/16/99
132
William J. Rainer2
D
Member
06/23/99
08/05/99
43
William J. Rainer
D
Chair
06/23/99
08/05/99
433
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
88
1For a term expiring 04/13/03, vice John E. Tull, Jr., term expired.
2For a term expiring 04/13/04, vice Brooksley E. Born, resigned.
3Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.

CRS-13
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
The statute establishing the CPSC calls for five members, but funding is authorized for only three
members, who serve seven-year terms. No more than a simple majority of the members may be from
the same political party. At the end of a term, a member may remain in office for one year. The chair
is also appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. (15 U.S.C. 2053)
Current Membership1
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Ann Brown
D
07/01/99
10/27/06
III
Chair
Mary S. Gall
R
07/01/99
10/27/05
IV
Thomas H. Moore
D
08/02/96
10/25/03
IV
Reappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Ann Brown2
D
Member
06/10/99
07/01/99
21
Ann Brown
D
Chair
06/10/99
07/01/99
213
Mary S. Gall4
R
Member
05/26/99
07/01/99
36
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
29
1Two vacant positions are not listed, because, since fiscal year 1993, funds have not been
made available for the compensation and benefits of more than three members of the
commission (P.L. 102-389, Title 3, Oct. 6, 1992; 105 Stat. 1596; 15 U.S.C. 2053 note.)
2For a term expiring 10/27/06, reappointment.
3Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.
4For a term expiring 10/27/05, reappointment.

CRS-14
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB)
The DNFSB consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. After a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair. (42 USC 2286)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
John T. Conway
D
09/29/95
10/18/99
III
Chair
A. J. Eggenberger
R
10/29/99
10/18/03
III
Vice Chair
Joseph J. Dinunno
D
03/28/96
10/18/00
III
Reappointed
John E. Mansfield
R
10/30/97
10/18/01
III
Jessie M. Roberson
D
10/29/99
10/18/02
III
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
A. J. Eggenberger1
R
Member
09/24/99
10/29/99
35
Jessie M. Roberson2
D
Member
09/24/99
10/29/99
35
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
35
1For a term expiring 10/18/03, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 10/18/02, vice Herbert Kouts, term expired.

CRS-15
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
The EEOC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. An incumbent whose term has expired may continue to serve until a
successor is appointed, except that no such member may continue to serve (1) for more than 60 days
when Congress is in session unless a successor has been nominated, or (2) after the adjournment of
the session of the Senate in which the nomination was submitted. The President designates the chair.
The President also appoints the general counsel, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (42
U.S.C. 2000e-4(a))
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Ida L. Castro
D
10/21/98
07/01/03
III
Chair
Paul S. Miller
D
11/19/99
07/01/04
IV
Reappointed
Paul M. Igasaki
D
10/21/98
07/01/02
IV
Reappointed
Vacant
07/01/05
IV
Vacant
07/01/01
IV
Vacant
na
4 years
V
General Counsel1
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Reginald E. Jones
R
Member
10/02/00
Returned 12/15/00
Paul S. Miller2
D
Member
05/24/99
11/19/99
147
Clifford G. Stewart
na
General Counsel
07/01/99
Returned 12/15/00
Clifford G. Stewart
na
General Counsel
Recess appointment 12/22/993
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
147
1Term of office is four years.
2For a term expiring 07/01/04, reappointment.
3Recess appointment expired at end of second session of the 106th Congress.

CRS-16
Export-Import Bank (EXIMBANK)
The EXIMBANK consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve four-year terms. An incumbent whose term has expired may continue to serve (1)
until a successor is appointed, or (2) until six months pass after the term expires–whichever occurs
earlier. The chair, who is the president of the Bank, is also appointed by the President, with the
advice and consent of the Senate. (12 U.S.C. 635a)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
James A. Harmon
D
06/12/97
01/20/01
III
President
Jackie M. Clegg
I
06/12/97
01/20/01
IV
Vice President
Dan H. Renberg
R
11/10/99
01/20/03
IV
Dorian V. Weaver
D
11/10/99
01/20/03
IV
Vacant
01/20/04
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Dan H. Renberg1
R
Member
08/04/99
11/10/99
66
Dorian V. Weaver2
D
Member
07/28/99
11/10/99
73
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
70
1For term expiring 01/20/03, vice Julie D. Belaga, term expired.
2For term expiring 01/20/03, vice Maria L. M. Haley, resigned.

CRS-17
Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
The FCA consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political party)
who serve six-year terms. A member whose term expires may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair. (12 U.S.C. 2242)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Michael M. Reyna
D
10/21/98
05/21/04
III
Chair
Ann Jorgenson
R
05/23/97
05/21/02
IV
Michael V. Dunn
Recess appointee1
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Michael V. Dunn2
Member
04/06/00
Returned 12/15/00
Michael V. Dunn
Member
Recess appointment 12/21/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For term expiring 10/13/06, vice Marsha P. Martin, term expired.

CRS-18
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The FCC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until the end of
the next session of Congress. The President designates the chair. (47 U.S.C. 154)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
William E. Kennard
D
10/29/97
06/30/01
III
Chair
Harold W. Furchtogott-Roth
R
10/28/97
06/30/00
IV
Michael K. Powell
R
10/28/97
06/30/02
IV
Gloria Tristani
D
10/28/97
06/30/03
IV
Susan Ness
D
Recess appointee1
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Susan Ness2
D
Member
07/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Susan Ness
D
Member
Recess appointment 12/18/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a term expiring 07/01/04, reappointment.

CRS-19
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),
Board of Directors
The FDIC consists of five members, of whom two)the comptroller of the currency and the
director of the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS))are ex officio. The three appointed members–of
whom no more than two may belong to the same political party– serve six-year terms. When a term
expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor is appointed. The President designates
the chair and vice chair, with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the appointed
officers. The President also appoints the inspector general, subject to the advice and consent of the
Senate. (12 U.S.C. 1812)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Donna Tanoue
D
04/30/98
10/03/00
III
Chair
John M. Reich
R
12/15/00
12/14/06
IV
Vacant
12/21/01
IV
John D. Hawke
na
Comptroller of the Currency
Ex officio
Ellen Seidman
na
Office of Thrift
Ex officio
Supervision, Director
Gaston L. Gianni, Jr.
na
03/29/96
Indefinite1
IV
Inspector General

Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Richard C. Houseworth2
D
Member
01/31/00
Returned 12/15/00
John M. Reich3
R
Member
10/05/00
12/15/00
71
Donna Tanoue4
D
Member
01/31/00
Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
71
1The President may remove the incumbent at any time.
2For a term expiring in six years, vice Joseph H. Neely, resigned.
3For a term expiring in six years, vice Andrew C. Hove, Jr.
4For a term expiring in six years, reappointment.

CRS-20
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
The FEC consists of six members (no more than three may be from the same political party) who
serve six-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes
office. Persons nominated and appointed to the FEC after December 31, 1997, are not eligible for
reappointment after their terms expire. (P.L. 105-61, Title 5, sec. 513.) A new chair and vice chair,
from different political parties, are designated by the commission each year. The vice chair is elevated
to the chair the following year. (2 U.S.C. 437c)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Darryl R. Wold
R
07/30/98
04/30/01
IV
Chair
Danny L. McDonald
D
05/24/00
04/30/05
IV
Vice Chair
Scott E. Thomas
D
07/30/98
04/30/03
IV
Bradley A. Smith
R
05/24/00
04/30/05
IV
David M. Mason
R
07/30/98
04/30/03
IV
Karl J. Sandstrom
D
07/30/98
04/30/01
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Danny L. McDonald1
D
Member
02/09/00
05/24/00
105
Bradley A. Smith2
R
Member
02/09/00
05/24/00
105
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
105
1For a term expiring 04/30/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 04/30/05, vice Lee Ann Elliott, resigned.

CRS-21
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
The FERC, an independent agency within the Department of Energy, consists of five members
(no more than three may be from the same political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term
expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office, except that such commissioner
may not serve beyond the end of the session of the Congress in which such term expires. The
President designates the chair. (42 U.S.C. 7171)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
James J. Hoecker
D
Recess appointee1
III
Chair
Curt Herbert, Jr.
R
07/30/99
06/30/04
IV
Linda K. Breathitt
D
11/07/97
06/30/02
IV
William L. Massey
D
06/26/98
06/30/03
IV
Reappointment
Vacant
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Curt Hebert, Jr.2
R
Member
07/01/99
07/30/99
29
James J.Hoecker3
D
Member
11/09/99
Returned 12/15/00
James J. Hoecker
D
Member
Recess appointment 12/18/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
29
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Reappointment, for term expiring June 30, 2004.
3Reappointment, for term expiring June 30, 2005.

CRS-22
Federal Housing Finance Board
The FHFB consists of five members, of whom one)the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development or his designee)is ex officio. The four appointed members serve seven-year terms, and
no more than three may be from the same political party. An appointed member whose term expires
may continue to serve until a successor is appointed. The President designates the chair from among
the appointed members. Members began serving on a full-time basis on January 1, 1994. (12 U.S.C.
1422a(1))
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Allan I. Mendelowitz
D
Recess appointee1
III
Chair
J. Timothy O’Neill
R
05/25/95
02/27/97
IV
Franz S. Leichter
D
Recess appointee1
IV
Vacant
IV
William C. Apgar
na
Asst. Secretary - HUD
Ex Officio
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Franz S. Leichter2
D
Director
06/08/99
Returned 12/15/00
Franz S. Leichter
D
Director
Recess appointment 08/03/00
Allan I. Mendelowitz
D
Director
06/16/00
Returned 12/15/00
Allan I. Mendelowitz
D
Director
Recess appointment 12/28/00
Douglas L. Miller3
R
Director
06/08/99
Returned 12/15/00
Bruce A. Morrison4
D
Director
10/29/99
Withdrawn 06/16/00
Timothy O’Neill5
R
Director
10/29/99
Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a term expiring 02/27/06, vice Daniel F. Evans, Jr., term expired.
3For a term expiring 02/27/02, vice Lawrence U. Costiglio, term expired.
4For a term expiring 02/27/07, reappointment.
5For a term expiring 02/27/04, reappointment.

CRS-23
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
The FLRA consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until the
end of the next Congress. The President designates the chair. The general counsel is also
appointed by the President, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (5 U.S.C. 7104)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Donald S Wasserman
D
12/22/95
07/01/00
IV
Chair
Carol W. Pope
D
10/26/00
07/01/04
V
Dale Cabiniss
R
11/09/97
07/29/02
V
Joseph Swerdzewski
na
10/21/98
10/20/031
V
General Counsel
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Bonnie P.Castrey2
D
Member
07/13/00
Returned 12/15/00
Carol W. Pope3
D
Member
11/10/99
10/26/00
255
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
255
1The general counsel is appointed for a five-year term of office, but may be removed at the
President’s pleasure.
2For a term expiring 07/01/05, vice Donald S. Wasserman, term expired.
3For a term expiring 07/01/04, vice Phyllis N. Segal, term expired.

CRS-24
Federal Maritime Commission (FMC)
The FMC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair. (46 U.S.C. 1111; Reorganization Plan
No. 7 of 1961)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Harold J. Creel, Jr.
D
08/17/94
06/30/99
III
Chair
Joseph J. Brennan
D
11/10/99
06/30/03
IV
Delmond J. H. Won
D
09/08/00
06/30/02
IV
Reappointed
Antony M. Merck
R
11/10/99
06/30/01
IV
John A. Moran
R
10/21/98
06/30/00
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Joseph E. Brennan1
D
Commissioner
03/22/99
11/10/99
201
Antony M. Merck2
R
Commissioner
11/09/99
11/10/99
1
Delmond J. H. Won3
D
Commissioner
04/12/99
09/08/00
387
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
196
1For a term expiring 06/30/03, vice William D. Hathaway, resigned.
2For a term expiring 06/30/01, vice Ming Hsu, term expired.
3For a term expiring 06/30/02, reappointment.

CRS-25
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
(FMSHRC)
The FMSHRC consists of five members (no political balance is required) who serve six-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair.
(30 U.S.C. 823)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Mary Lu Jordan
na
03/20/97
08/30/02
III
Chair
Robert H. Beatty Jr.
na
03/04/98
08/30/04
IV
Reappointment
Theodore F. Verheggen
na
03/20/97
08/30/02
IV
James C. Riley
na
Recess appointee1
IV
Vacant
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Incumbent
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Marc L. Marks2
na
Member
06/08/00
Withdrawn 10/26/00
James C. Riley3
na
Member
06/08/00
Returned 12/15/00
James C. Riley
na
member
Recess appointment 08/31/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Reappointment, for term expiring on Aug. 30, 2006.
3Reappointment, for term expiring on Aug. 30, 2006.

CRS-26
Federal Reserve System (FRS), Board of Governors
The FRS consists of seven members (no political balance is required) who serve 14-year
terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office. The
President appoints the chair and vice chair, who are separately appointed as members, for four-
year terms, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The chair and vice chair give up their
positions when the four-year terms expire. (12 U.S.C. 241)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Alan Greenspan
na
02/27/92
01/31/06
II
Chair1
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.
na
09/29/99
01/31/14
III
Vice Chair1
Lawrence H. Meyer
na
06/20/96
01/31/10
III
Edward M. Gramlich
na
10/30/97
01/31/08
III
Edward W. Kelly, Jr.
na
04/04/90
01/31/04
III
Vacant
na
01/31/12
III
Vacant
na
01/31/10
III
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.2
na
Member
09/13/99
09/29/99
16
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.
na
Vice Chair
09/13/99
09/29/99
163
Alan Greenspan
na
Chair
01/24/00
02/03/00
103
Carol J. Parry4
na
Member
08/05/99
Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
16
1For a four-year term. Chairman’s term expires 02/02/04, vice chairman’s term expires
09/28/03.
2For a term expiring 01/31/14, reappointment.
3The number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair is not factored into
overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of the
agency.
4For a term expiring 01/31/12, vice Susan M. Phillips, resigned.

CRS-27
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
The FTC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve seven-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair. (15 U.S.C. 41)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Robert Pitofsky
D
04/06/95
09/25/01
III
Chair
Thomas B. Leary
R
11/10/99
09/26/05
IV
Orson Swindle
R
03/12/98
09/25/04
IV
Mozelle W. Thompson
D
03/12/98
09/25/03
IV
Sheila F. Anthony
D
09/24/97
09/25/02
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Thomas B. Leary1
R
Member
07/27/99
11/10/99
74
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
74
1For a term expiring 09/26/05, vice Mary L. Azcuenaga, resigned.

CRS-28
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC)
The FCSC, located in the Department of Justice, consists of three members (political balance
is not required) who serve three-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to
serve until a successor takes office. Only the chair, who also is appointed by the President with
the advice and consent of the Senate, serves full-time. (22 U.S.C. 1622)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Vacant
na
09/30/00
V
Chair
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
John R. Lacey1
na
Chairman
11/09/99
Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm to confirm a nomination
1For term expiring 09/30/00, vice Delissa A. Ridgway, term expired.

CRS-29
Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)
The MSPB consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve seven-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve for
one year. The President appoints the chair, subject to Senate confirmation, and designates the
vice chair. (5 U.S.C. 1201 - 1203)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Beth S. Slavet
D
08/11/95
03/01/02
III
Chair1
Barbara J. Sapin
D
Recess appointee2
IV
Vice Chair
Susanne T. Marshall
R
11/09/97
03/01/04
IV

Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Barbara J. Sapin3
D
Member
05/03/00
Returned 12/15/00
Barbara J. Sapin
D
Member
Recess Appointment 12/28/00
Beth S. Slavet
D
Chair
03/23/00
Returned 12/15/00
Beth S. Slavet
D
Chair
Recess Appointment 12/22/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment as chair expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress; term
as member expires 03/01/02.
2Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
3For a term expiring 03/01/07, vice Benjamin L. Erdreich, resigned.

CRS-30
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA),
Board of Directors
The NCUA board consists of three members (no more than two members may be from the same
political party) who serve six-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair. (12 U.S.C. 1752a)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Geoff Bacino
D
Recess appointee1
III
Chair
Dennis Dollar
R
10/09/97
04/10/03
IV
Yolanda T. Wheat
D
10/09/97
08/02/01
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Geoff Bacino2
D
Member
07/26/00
Returned 12/15/00
Geoff Bacino
D
Member
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For term expiring Aug. 2, 2005, vice Norman E. D’Amours, term expired.

CRS-31
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
The NLRB consists of five members who serve five-year terms. Political balance is not
required, but, by tradition, no more than three members are from the same political party. When a
term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair. The President
also appoints the general counsel, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (29 U.S.C.
153)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
John C. Truesdale
D
11/19/99
08/27/03
III
Chair
Wilma B. Liebman
D
11/08/97
12/16/02
IV
Peter J. Hurtgen
R
11/08/97
08/27/01
IV
Dennis P. Walsh
D
Recess appointee1
IV
Vacant
IV
Vacant
IV
Gen. Counsel
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Sarah M. Fox
D
Member
Recess appointment 12/17/992
Sarah M. Fox3
D
Member
03/02/00
Withdrawn 10/17/00
Leonard R.Page
na
General Counsel
02/11/99
Returned 12/15/00
Leonard R. Page4
na
General Counsel
Recess appointment 11/22/992
John C. Truesdale5
D
Member
02/11/99
11/19/99
249
Dennis P. Walsh6
D
Member
10/17/00
Returned 12/15/00
Dennis P. Walsh
D
Member
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
249
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.
3For a term expiring Dec. 16, 2004
4For an indefinite term, vice Frederick L. Feinstein who was a given recess appointment on
Oct. 22, 1998.
5For a term expiring Aug. 27, 2003, vice William B. Gould IV, resigned.
6For a term expiring Dec. 16, 2004, vice Sarah M. Fox, recess appointment expired.

CRS-32
National Mediation Board (NMB)
The board consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve three-year terms. When a term expires, the member continues to serve until a
successor takes office. The board annually designates a chair. (45 U.S.C. 154)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Ernest W. Dubester
D
11/10/99
07/01/01
III
Chair
Francis J. Duggan
R
11/19/99
07/01/03
IV
Magdalena G. Jacobsen
D
11/19/99
07/01/02
IV
Reappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Ernest W. DuBester1
D
Member
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Francis J. Duggan2
R
Member
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Magdalena G. Jacobsen3
D
Member
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
9
1For a term expiring 07/01/01, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 07/01/03, vice Kenneth B. Hipp, term expired.
3For a term expiring 07/01/02, reappointment.

CRS-33
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
The board consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party) who
serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office.
The President appoints the chair from among the members for a two-year term, with the advice and consent
of the Senate, and designates the vice chair. (49 U.S.C. 1902)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
James E. Hall
D
10/21/97
12/31/02
III
Chair
Carol J. Carmody
D
05/24/00
12/31/04
IV
John J. Goglia
I
05/24/00
12/31/03
IV
Reappointed
George W. Black, Jr.
R
10/21/97
12/31/01
IV
Reappointed
John A. Hammerschmidt
R
10/21/97
12/31/00
IV
Reappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Carol J. Carmody1
D
Member
11/08/99
05/24/00
142
John Goglia2
I
Member
08/05/99
05/24/00
205
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
174
1For a term expiring 07/31/04, vice Robert Talcott Francis II.
2For a term expiring 07/31/03, reappointment.

CRS-34
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
The NRC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The
President designates the chair. The President also appoints the inspector general, with the advice
and consent of the Senate. (42 U.S.C. 5841)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Richard A. Meserve
D
10/01/99
06/30/04
II
Chair
Edward McGaffigan
D
05/24/00
06/30/05
III
Reappointed
Greta J. Dicus
D
10/21/98
06/30/03
III
Reappointed
Jeffrey S. Merrifield
R
10/21/98
06/30/02
III
Nils J. Diaz
R
08/02/96
06/30/01
III
Hubert T. Bell, Jr.
na
06/11/96
Indefinite
IV
Inspector General
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Edward McGaffigan, Jr.1
D
Member
02/03/00
05/24/00
111
Richard A. Meserve2
D
Member
08/05/99
10/01/99
25
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
68
1For a term expiring 06/30/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 06/30/04, vice Shirley A. Jackson, term expired.

CRS-35
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
(OSHRC)
The OSHRC consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve six-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair.
(29 U.S.C. 661)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Thomasina V. Rogers
na
10/21/98
04/27/03
III
Chair
Vacant
na
04/27/05
IV
Vacant
na
04/27/01
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Sarah M. Fox
na
Member
12/15/00
Returned 12/15/00
Gary L. Visscher1
na
Member
03/23/99
05/20/99
58
Stuart E. Weisberg2
na
Member
05/11/99
Withdrawn 12/15/00
Stuart E. Weisberg
na
Member
Recess appointment 12/09/993
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
58
1For a term expiring 04/27/01, vice Daniel Guttman, resigned.
2For a term expiring 04/27/05, reappointment.
3Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.

CRS-36
Postal Rate Commission (PRC)
The PRC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve six-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve for one year.
The President designates the chair. The commissioners designate the vice chair. (39 U.S.C.
3601)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Edward J. Gleiman
D
10/21/98
10/14/04
III
Chair
George A. Omas
R
10/26/00
10/14/06
IV
Vice Chair
Dana B. Covington, Sr.
R
10/21/98
10/14/04
IV
Ruth Y. Goldway
D
04/02/98
11/22/02
IV
William H. LeBlanc III
D
08/11//95
11/22/00
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
George A. Omas1
R
Member
07/21/00
10/26/00
57
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
57
1For term expiring 10/14/06, reappointment.

CRS-37
Railroad Retirement Board (RRB)
The board consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve five-year
terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor takes office.
The President appoints the chair, and an inspector general, with the advice and consent of the
Senate. (45 U.S.C. 231f)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Cherryl T. Thomas
na
04/27/98
08/28/02
III
Chair
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.
na
05/24/00
08/28/04
IV
Reappointed
Jerome F. Kever
na
05/24/00
08/28/03
IV
Reappointed
Martin J. Dickman
na
10/08/94
Indefinite
IV
Inspector General1
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Jerome F. Kever2
na
Member
11/16/99
05/24/00
134
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.3
Na
Member
11/16/99
05/24/00
134
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
134
1The President may remove the incumbent at any time, provided notice of the reasons for the
removal is sent to Congress.
2For term expiring 08/28/03, reappointment.
3For term expiring 08/28/04, reappointment.

CRS-38
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The commission consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same
political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to
serve until the end of the next session of Congress. The President designates the chair. (15
U.S.C. 78d)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Arthur Levitt
D
04/03/98
06/05/03
III
Chair
Paul R. Carey
D
10/21/97
06/05/02
IV
Laura S. Unger
R
10/21/97
06/05/01
IV
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.
D
01/26/96
06/05/00
IV
Vacant
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.1
D
Member
10/26/00
Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Reappointment, for term expiring June 5, 2005.

CRS-39
Surface Transportation Board (STB)
The STB, located within the Department of Transportation, consists of three members (no
more than two may be from the same political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term
expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor takes office, but not for more than
one year after expiration. The President designates the chair. (49 U.S.C. 701)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Linda J. Morgan
D
11/10/99
12/31/03
III
Chair
Wayne Burkes
R
02/22/99
12/31/02
IV
William Clyburn, Jr.
D
02/12/99
12/31/00
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Wayne Burkes1
R
Member
01/06/99
02/22/99
47
William Clyburn, Jr.2
D
Member
01/06/99
02/12/99
37
Linda J. Morgan3
D
Member
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
50
1For a term expiring 12/31/02, vice Gus A. Owens.
2For a term expiring 12/31/00, vice J. J. Simons, term expired.
3For a term expiring 12/31/03, reappointment.

CRS-40
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The TVA consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve nine-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair. (16
U.S.C. 831a)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Craven H. Crowell, Jr.
na
07/01/93
05/18/02
III
Chair
Skila Harris
na
11/10/99
05/18/08
IV
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.
na
11/10/99
05/18/05
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Skila Harris1
na
Member
09/23/99
Withdrawn 09/29/99
Skila Harris1
na
Member
09/29/99
11/10/99
42
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.2
na
Member
09/23/99
Withdrawn 09/29/99
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr. 2.
na
Member
09/29/99
11/10/99
42
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
42
1First nomination for a term expiring 05/18/05, vice Johnny H. Hayes, withdrawn on 09/29/99
is not included tables 2 and 3; second nomination for a term expiring 05/18/08, vice William
H. Kennoy.
2First nomination for a term expiring 05/18/08, vice William H. Kennoy withdrawn on
09/29/99 is not included in tables 2 and 3; second nomination for a term expiring 05/18/05,
vice Johnny H. Hayes.

CRS-41
United States International Trade Commission (USITC)
The USITC consists of six members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve nine-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair for two-year terms of office, but they
may neither belong to the same political party nor be the two most recently appointed members of
the commission. A new chair may not belong to the same political party as the chair being replaced,
unless the replacement is to complete an unexpired term. (19 U.S.C. 1330)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Lynn M. Bragg
R
03/25/94
06/16/02
III
Chair
Marcia E. Miller
D
06/26/96
12/16/03
IV
Vice Chair
Deanna T. Okun
R
11/19/99
06/16/08
IV
Jennifer A. Hillman
D
07/30/98
12/16/06
IV
Stephen Koplan
D
07/30/98
06/16/05
IV
Thelma J. Askey
R
07/30/98
12/16/00
IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Deanna T. Okun1
R
Member
11/10/99
11/19/99
9
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
9
1For a term expiring 06/16/08, vice Carol T. Crawford, term expired.

CRS-42
United States Parole Commission (USPC)
The USPC is an independent agency in the Department of Justice. The enabling statute calls for
five commissioners (political balance is not required), and when a term expires, a member may
continue to serve until a successor takes office. The President designates the chair. The commission
is to be phased out by November 1, 2002. The Attorney General is required to file a yearly report
indicating whether the commission should be abolished before the phase-out date. (P.L. 104-232,
as amended by P.L. 105-33, Title XI, sec. 11231(d), 111 Stat. 745, 18 U.S.C. 4202)
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Michael J. Gaines
na
09/28/94
12/30/99
IV
Chair
John R. Simpson
na
04/10/92
08/12/92
V
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.
na
08/12/92
08/14/98
V
Timothy E. Jones, Sr.
na
Recess appointee1
V
Vacant
na
V
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Michael J. Gaines
na
Commissioner
07/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. Jeffers2
na
Commissioner
11/16/99
Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. Jeffers
na
Commissioner
Recess appointment 12/09/993
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.4
na
Commissioner
07/19/99
Withdrawn 11/19/99
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.4
na
Commissioner
11/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.
na
Commissioner
Recess appointment 12/29/00
Marie F. Ragghianti5
na
Commissioner
07/19/99
Withdrawn 11/19/99
Marie F. Ragghianti5
na
Commissioner
11/19/99
Returned 12/15/00
Marie F. Ragghianti
na
Commisioner
Recess appointment 12/09/993
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.
na
Commissioner
10/02/00
Returned 12/15/00
John R. Simpson
na
Commissioner
07/19/99 W
Withdrawn 07/26/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a six-year term, vice Jasper R. Clay, Jr., term expired.
3Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.
4First nomination was for a six-year term, vice George M. Rast, resigned; second nomination
is for a six-year term, vice Edward F. Reilly, term expired.
5First nomination was for a six-year term, vice Edward F. Reilly, term expired; second
nomination is for a six-year term, vice George M. Rast, resigned..

CRS-43
United States Sentencing Commission (USSC)
The USSC consists of seven members, all federal judges, appointed to six-year terms, but only
the chair and three vice chairs serve full-time. The chair is appointed, subject to Senate confirmation;
the vice chairs are designated by the President. No more than four members may be of the same
political party, and no more than two of the vice chairs may be of the same political party. When a
term expires, an incumbent may continue to serve until a successor takes office. The Attorney
General or a designee serves ex oficio. (28 U.S.C. 991(a))
Current Membership
Date
Term
Grade
Incumbent
Party
confirmed
expires
level
Comments
Diana E. Murphy
na
11/10/99
11/10/05
na
Chair
Ruben Castillo
na
11/10/99
10/31/03
na
Vice Chair
William Sessions
na
11/10/99
10/31/03
na
Vice Chair
John R. Steer
na
11/10/99
10/31/05
na
Vice Chair
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date
Date
Days to
Nominee
Party
Position
nominated
confirmed
confirm
Diana E. Murphy1
na
Chair
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
Ruben Castillo2
na
Vice chair
08/05/99
11/10/99
65
John R. Steer3
na
Vice chair
09/14/99
11/10/99
57
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
62
1For a term expiring 10/31/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 10/31/03, vice Michael Gelacak, term expired.
3For a term expiring 10/31/05, reappointment.

CRS-44
List of Agency Abbreviations
CSHIB
Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
CFTC
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission
DNFSB
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board
EEOC
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
EXIMBANK
Export-Import Bank
FCA
Farm Credit Administration
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Board of Directors
FEC
Federal Election Commission
FERC
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHFB
Federal Housing Finance Board
FLRA
Federal Labor Relations Authority
FMC
Federal Maritime Commission
FMSHRC
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
FRS
Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors
FTC
Federal Trade Commission
FCSC
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
ICC1
Interstate Commerce Commission
MSPB
Merit Systems Protection Board
NCUA
National Credit Union Administration, Board of Directors
NLRB
National Labor Relations Board
NMB
National Mediation Board
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
OSHRC
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
PRC
Postal Rate Commission
RRB
Railroad Retirement Board
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission
STB1
Surface Transportation Board
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
USITC
United States International Trade Commission
USPC
United States Parole Commission
USSC
United States Sentencing Commission

1 The Interstate Commerce Commission was abolished and replaced by the Surface Transportation Board,
effective January 1, 1996 (P.L. 104-88; 109 Stat. 803, 932-933).

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