{
  "id": "RL30252",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30252",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
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      "id": 105419,
      "date": "2001-12-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:18:59.876941",
      "title": "Intelligence and Law Enforcement: Countering Transnational Threats to the U.S.",
      "summary": "In the post-Cold War world, terrorism, narcotics trafficking, and related money laundering are\nperceived both as criminal matters and as threats to the nation's security. Often collectively termed\ntransnational threats, these issues have become the concerns of law enforcement agencies as well as\nthe U.S. Intelligence Community. Two foreign banking scandals in the late 1980s led to efforts to\nensure that information in the possession of intelligence agencies would, in the future, be made\navailable to law enforcement officials. In the mid-1990s, the Federal Bureau of Investigation began\nassigning additional agents to newly created offices worldwide. The tragic events of September 11,\n2001 provide a clear demonstration of how large a threat international terrorism can become to\nnational security. The Bush Administration and Congress have moved rapidly to promote\nintelligence/enforcement cooperation among U.S. agencies in the campaign against Al Qaeda. \n  This report looks at the separate roles and missions and distinct identities of intelligence and\nlaw enforcement agencies. Coordinating their efforts has raised significant legal and administrative\ndifficulties that have been only partially overcome despite the creation of elaborate coordinative\nmechanisms under the oversight of the National Security Council. Some observers also have\nexpressed concerns about the greater use of information derived from intelligence sources in judicial\nproceedings, fearing that it may lead to over-reliance on surreptitious means of information\ncollection and, thus, undermine civil liberties. Other observers have cautioned that redirecting\nintelligence assets to collect information for legal cases may reduce support available to military\ncommanders and policymakers. Some others believe that there may also be an overemphasis on law\nenforcement in dealing with problems arising abroad. The report notes the employment of covert\nactions by intelligence agencies in certain law enforcement efforts.\n  This report also addresses congressional oversight of the law enforcement-intelligence\nrelationship that is spread among a number of House and Senate committees, each of which has only\npartial jurisdiction. Some observers believe that there should be further efforts to base the evolving\nrelationship in statutory law. They have argued that closer attention should be given to coordinating\nthe emerging relationship between intelligence and law enforcement efforts while practices are\nmalleable rather than to wait until bureaucratic rigidities set in or unfortunate precedents are\nestablished during crises.\n  Even with conscientious efforts at coordination, others have noted that fundamental differences\nremain between matters of law and of national interest in a world of sovereign nation states. \nEnforcement of international law and the extraterritorial application of U.S. law can be vigorously\nand, at times, effectively resisted by other countries. The necessity to adapt U.S. responses to\ntransnational threats to specific situations can also undermine respect for law by making enforcement\nappear inequitable.",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc808429/",
      "id": "RL30252_2001Jan16",
      "date": "2001-01-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Intelligence and Law Enforcement: Countering Transnational Threats to the U.S.",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security"
  ]
}