Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

Order Code RL30203
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education
Updated December 17, 1999
Paul M. Irwin
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is
bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act of 1974 (as amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program
authorizations.
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers
each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Appropriations Subcommittees on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education. It
summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels,
and related legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues
covered and related CRS products.
This report is updated as soon as possible after major legislative developments, especially
following legislative action in the committees and on the floor of the House and Senate.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with
active links is available to congressional staff at
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]

Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education
Summary
This report describes the enactment of the Departments of Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) Appropriations
Act, 2000. This Act provides nearly all discretionary funds for three federal
departments and related agencies. The report summarizes L-HHS-ED discretionary
funding issues; it does not directly track authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 1, 1999, the President submitted the Administration’s FY2000
budget to the Congress. Following a series of seven continuing resolutions and the
veto of H.R. 3064, the President signed H.R. 3194 into law, P.L. 106-113, on
November 29, 1999. Discretionary appropriations may be described as “program
level” for funding from the current Act for any year, and “budget authority” (BA) for
funding for the current year from any Act. The L-HHS-ED program level was $90.0
billion in FY1999; $93.6 billion was requested by the President; and $96.9 billion was
enacted. Comparable BA amounts are $83.3 billion, $91.6 billion, and $86.1 billion,
respectively. FY1999 funding was enacted primarily through P.L. 105-277.
U.S. Department of Labor (DOL): Discretionary DOL program level funding
was $10.9 billion in FY1999, and $11.2 billion as enacted. The comparable BA
amounts were $10.9 billion and $8.8 billion, respectively. Funding for the Workforce
Investment Act (WIA) was increased by $248 million for FY2000, including $195
million more for WIA’s Dislocated Worker Assistance.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): Discretionary
DHHS program level was $36.4 billion in FY1999, and $41.3 billion as enacted;
respective BA amounts were $36.2 billion and $39.9 billion. FY2000 funding for the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) was increased by $2.2 billion; increases of $100
million or more were provided for Ryan White AIDS programs, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA), Head Start, and the Public Health and Social Service
Emergency Fund. Funding for the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Program Management was reduced by $134 million.
U.S. Department of Education (ED): Discretionary ED program level was
$33.3 billion in FY1999, and $35.7 billion as enacted; respective BA amounts were
$28.8 billion and $29.5 billion. FY2000 increases of $100 million or more were
provided for 21st Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to Local
Educational Agencies, Class Size Reduction, Special Education State Grants, and
Fund for the Improvement of Education (FIE).
Related Agencies: Discretionary program level funding for related agencies was
$7.8 billion in FY1999 and $8.2 billion as enacted; respective BA amounts are $7.8
billion and $8.1 billion. Funding for the Social Security Administration (SSA)
Limitation on Administrative Expenses was increased by $115 million in FY2000.

Key Policy Staff
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
Coordinator
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
U.S. Department of Labor
Job training and employment services
Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Labor standards enforcement
William G. Whittaker
DSP
7-7759
Labor market information
Linda Levine
DSP
7-7756
Mine Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Edward B. Rappaport
DSP
7-7740
Older Americans Act, employment programs
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Trade Adjustment Assistance
James R. Storey
DSP
7-7308
Unemployment compensation
Celinda Franco
DSP
7-7360
Welfare-to-Work
Christine Devere
DSP
7-2587
Welfare-to-Work
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Abortion, legal issues
Karen J. Lewis
ALD
7-6190
Abortion, legal issues
Kenneth R. Thomas
ALD
7-5006
AIDS, Ryan White programs
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Cancer research
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Child care
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Child welfare
Karen Spar
DSP
7-7319
Child welfare
Ruby Andrew
DSP
7-2163
Family Planning
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Head Start
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Health professions education and training
Bernice
DSP
7-2260
Reyes-Akinbileje
Immigration and refugee policy
Ruth Wasem
DSP
7-7342
Immunization
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant
Sharon Kearney
DSP
7-7367
Medicaid
Elicia Herz
DSP
7-1377
Medicare
Jennifer O’Sullivan
DSP
7-7359
Needle exchange
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
NIH, health research policy
Pamela W. Smith
DSP
7-7048
NIH, health research policy
Judith A. Johnson
DSP
7-7077
Older Americans Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Social Services Block Grant
Melinda Gish
DSP
7-4618
State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program
Evelyne Baumrucker
DSP
7-8913
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261
Tobacco settlement
C. Stephen Redhead
DSP
7-2261
Welfare reform
Vee Burke
DSP
7-7304

CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division Telephone
Welfare reform
Gene Falk
DSP
7-7344
U.S. Department of Education

Adult education and literacy
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Bilingual education
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
ED-FLEX
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education block grants
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education of the Disadvantaged, Title I
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
Education technology
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Education technology
Patricia Osorio-O’Dea
DSP
7-2393
Impact Aid
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
National education goals, Goals 2000
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
Pell Grants
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Rehabilitation Act
Carol O’Shaughnessy
DSP
7-7329
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities
Edith Fairman Cooper
DSP
7-7019
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Richard N. Apling
DSP
7-7352
Special education, IDEA
Nancy Lee Jones
ALD
7-6976
Student aid, student loans
Margot A. Schenet
DSP
7-7378
Teacher recruitment, preparation, and training
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
TRIO, GEAR UP
James B. Stedman
DSP
7-7356
21st Century Community Learning Centers
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
Related Agencies
Corporation for National and Community Service Ann Lordeman
DSP
7-2323
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Bernevia McCalip
G&F
7-7781
Library services
Wayne C. Riddle
DSP
7-7382
National Labor Relations Board
Gail McCallion
DSP
7-7758
National Labor Relations Board
Kimberly D. Jones
ALD
7-7461
Social Security Administration
David S. Koitz
DSP
7-7322
Social Security Administration
Geoffrey Kollmann
DSP
7-7316
Supplemental Security Income
Rachel Kelly
DSP
7-4271
Division abbreviations: ALD = American Law; DSP = Domestic Social Policy; G&F = Government
and Finance.

Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Perspective and Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
302(b) Allocation Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Aggregate Funding Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Summary of Funding Changes Proposed by the President . . . . . . . . . . 7
House Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Senate Legislative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Public Law Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Major Funding Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
For Additional Reading, Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Other CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
U.S. Department of Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tobacco Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
U.S. Department of Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Key Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
President’s Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
House Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Senate Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
For Additional Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
CRS Issue Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Selected World Wide Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Detailed Appropriation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Related Legislative Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendix A: Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
List of Tables
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Table 2. 302(b) Allocations for L-HHS-ED Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 3. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1995 . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services
Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
List of Figures
Figure 1. Federal and L-HHS-ED Discretionary Appropriations, FY1999 . . . . . 7
Figure 2. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Appropriations by Department, FY1999 . . 7

Appropriations for FY2000: Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education
Most Recent Developments
The provisions of H.R. 3424, the Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) Appropriations Act, 2000, were
enacted into law by cross reference in §1000(a)(4) of H.R. 3194, informally known
as the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000, which was signed into law by the
President November 29, 1999, as P.L. 106-113. The Act includes a general
reduction in FY2000 discretionary budget authority of 0.38%, to be applied to each
department or agency; no program, project, or activity may be reduced by more than
15% of what would otherwise be provided through any Act for FY2000.
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-113, a series of seven continuing resolutions
provided interim FY2000 funding from October 1, 1999, through November 29,
1999. On November 3, 1999, the President vetoed H.R. 3064, which would have
provided FY2000 appropriations for both L-HHS-ED programs and the District of
Columbia. In earlier action, the House Appropriations Committee reported H.R.
3037, the FY2000 bill for L-HHS-ED appropriations on October 7; also on that day,
the Senate passed its version of the bill, S. 1650. The President submitted the
Administration’s FY2000 budget request to the Congress on February 1, 1999.
Status
Table 1 tracks the key legislative steps that are necessary to enact appropriations
for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and
Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) for FY2000.

CRS-2
Table 1. Legislative Status of Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education Appropriations, FY2000
Subcommittee
Conference Report
Markup
Approval
House
House
Senate
Senate Conference
House Senate
Report
Passage Report Passage
Report
House
Senate
Public Law
Original House Bill, H.R. 3037
10/7/99
9/23/99
—
H.Rept.
— a
—
—
—
—
—
—
106-370
Original Senate bill, S. 1650
9/29/99 10/7/99,
—
— b
—
—
S.Rept.
73 y -
—
—
—
—
106-166
25 n a, c
L-HHS-ED bill included in District of Columbia bill, H.R. 3064
10/27/99
10/28/99
11/02/99
Vetoed
—
—
—
—
—
—
H.Rept.
218 y -
49 y -
11/03/99 g
106-419 d
211 e
48 f
L-HHS-ED bill included in Consolidated Appropriations bill, H.R. 3424/H.R. 3194
11/18/99
11/18/99
11/19/99
P.L. 106-
—
—
—
—
—
—
H.Rept.
296 y -
74 y -
113
106-479 d
135 e
24 f
11/29/99 g
a The FY2000 continuing resolution, P.L. 106-62, §101(a)(8), declares that, for purposes of the
continuing resolution, the House or Senate reported version of the L-HHS-ED bill shall be deemed
to have passed the House or Senate respectively as of October 1, 1999, unless a reported version has
been passed by that date.
b The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee for Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education
met to discuss a draft proposal on FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations on September 27, 1999.
c S. 1650: For Senate passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, September 28, 1999, p.
S11584; September 29, p. S11585-11637; September 30, p. S11663-11666, S11681-11719, S11721-
11724; October 1, p. S11757-11761, S11774-11780; October 6, p. S12052-12062, S12069-12093;
October 7, p. S12147-12176, S12178-12185, S12188-12215. Roll Call #321(73-25), October 7,
1999, p. S12215.
c H.R. 3064: For text of conference report H.Rept. 106-419, see Congressional Record, Daily
Edition, October 27, 1999, p. H10933-11065.
d For House passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, October 28, 1999, p. H11094-11121.
Roll Call #549 (218-211), October 28, 1999, p. H11120-11121.
e For Senate passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, October 29, 1999, p. S13503-12507,
S13520-13525; November 1, p. S13617; November 2, p. S13622-13623. Roll Call #343 (49-48),
November 2, p. S13622-13623.
f For text of veto message, see House Document 106-154; Congressional Record, Daily Edition,
November 3, 1999, p. H11441-11443.
g H.R. 3194/H.R. 3424: For the text of conference report for H.R. 3194, H.Rept. 106-479, see
Congressional Record, Daily Edition, November 17, 1999, Part II, p. H12230-12609. There is no
separate conference report for H.R. 3424. Instead, bill and report language for H.R. 3424 —
including a table showing the amounts agreed to for each program, project, and activity — are
included within H.Rept. 106-479, at p. H12384-12491.
h For House passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, November 18, 1999, p. H12756-
12820. Roll Call #610 (296-135), November 18, 1999, p. H12820.
Table notes are continued on next page.

CRS-3
Notes to Table 1 (continued):
i For Senate passage, see Congressional Record, Daily Edition, November 19, 1999, p. S14986-
15059. Roll Call #374 (74-24), November 19, 1999, p. S15056-15059.
j A continuing resolution, P.L. 106-62, as amended, provided temporary FY2000 funding for L-HHS-
ED programs and activities for the interim period October 1 through November 29, 1999 (see
Related Legislation, p. 43).
P.L. 106-479, informally known as the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000
(H.R. 3194, signed November 29, 1999), provides appropriations for the District of
Columbia; in addition, it enacts four other appropriation bills by cross reference,
including H.R. 3424 for L-HHS-ED, as well as five non-appropriation bills. No
legislative action was taken on H.R. 3424 following its introduction and inclusion in
the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479, on November 17, 1999. In
particular, there was no separate conference report for H.R. 3424; the L-HHS-ED bill
language, report language, and table with the amounts for each program, project, and
activity, are included as a part of H.Rept. 106-479. The provisions of H.R. 3424, as
introduced, are enacted into law through §1000(a)(4) of P.L. 106-113 (H.R. 3194),
and the L-HHS-ED provisions must be published in the official “slip law” form and
in the United States Statutes at Large for P.L. 106-113, along with the other bills
enacted by cross reference.1
DATA NOTE: Unless otherwise noted in this report, FY2000 appropriations
data are based on H.R. 3424, as included in the H.R. 3194 conference report,
H.Rept. 106-479. The FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House),
S. 1650, as passed (Senate), and H.R. 3424, as enacted (H.R. 3194 conference).
These data have not been adjusted for the general agency reduction of 0.38% in
FY2000 discretionary funds that is required by §301 of H.R. 3425, as enacted by
cross reference in §1000(a)(5) of P.L. 106-113. However, the FY1999 data have
been adjusted for changes made by P.L. 106-31, the 1999 Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act (see Related Legislative Activity, page 43). In most cases data
represent net funding amounts for specific programs and activities, taking into
account current and forward funding, advance appropriations, rescissions, and
supplementals; however, they are subject to additional budgetary scorekeeping and
other adjustments. Except where noted, budget data refer only to those programs
within the purview of the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill, and not to all programs
within the jurisdiction of the relevant departments and agencies.
Perspective and Summary
This report describes the President’s proposal for FY2000 appropriations for
L-HHS-ED programs that was submitted to the Congress February 1, 1999. The
report compares the President’s request to the FY1999 L-HHS-ED amounts. It
tracks legislative action and congressional issues related to the FY2000 L-HHS-ED
appropriations bill, with particular attention paid to discretionary programs. The
report summarizes activities related to the annual budget process, such as the
1 For details, see CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act:
Reference Guide, by Robert Keith.

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congressional budget resolution, continuing resolutions, and supplemental
appropriations (beginning on page 43). However, the report does not follow specific
funding issues related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs, nor the authorizing
legislation necessary prior to funding some of the President’s initiatives. For a
glossary of budget terms, please see Appendix A: Terminology (page 46). For a
discussion of the L-HHS-ED bill jurisdiction, please see Appendix B: Scope of the
L-HHS-ED Bill (page 47).
302(b) Allocation Ceilings
The annual congressional budget resolution for FY2000, H.Con.Res. 68 (see
Related Legislative Activity, page 43), sets the aggregate discretionary spending limit
for the annual appropriations total, known as the 302(a) allocation. From this
allocation the House and Senate appropriations committees allocate funds among
their subcommittees for each of the 13 appropriations bills, known as the 302(b)
allocations. The 302(b) allocations can and do get adjusted during the year as the
various appropriation bills progress toward final enactment. Current 302(b)
allocations for the FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations bill from the House and Senate
Appropriations Committees are shown in Table 2. The comparable 302(b) amounts
for FY1999 enacted and the FY2000 budget are the current year discretionary
amounts, $83.3 billion and $91.6 billion, respectively. As shown in the table, the
current House limit for FY2000 is $75.8 billion (a decrease of 9.0%), and the Senate
amount is $84.2 billion (a 1.1% increase). Discussion in the media concerning these
proposed amounts suggests that legislative difficulties over the depth of some of the
proposed allocation reductions, as well attempts to find methods to increase the
ceilings, may make the L-HHS-ED bill one of the last enacted for FY2000.
Table 2. 302(b) Allocations for L-HHS-ED Programs
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
final
request
House
Senate
conference
comparable
comparable
allocation
allocation
comparable
$83.3
$91.6
$75.8
$84.2
$86.1
Source: For the FY2000 House allocation, the on-line document of October 12, 1999, at
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/00302b1.htm]; for the FY2000 Senate allocation, the on-line
document of September 28, 1999, at [http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/9-28allocations.htm].
The comparable amounts for the FY1999 final appropriation, the FY2000 budget request, and the
FY2000 conference amount are based on the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: Under current scorekeeping provisions, advance appropriations that were enacted as part of
the FY1999 appropriation are counted in the FY2000 totals, and any advance appropriations that
might be enacted as part of the FY2000 appropriation would be counted in the FY2001 totals.
As used above, the FY1999 comparable amount of $83.3 billion is based on the
H.R. 3194 conference report. Because of scorekeeping and other differences in
definitions, several other numbers might be used as the FY1999 basis. The
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) shows the total FY1999 discretionary budget
authority (regular and emergency) for L-HHS-ED as an estimated $83.9 billion in its

CRS-5
“CBO’s Current Status of Discretionary Appropriations” (downloaded on
November 4, 1999, from [http://www.cbo.gov/]). For the equivalent FY1999
L-HHS-ED 302(b) allocations, CBO estimates the amounts as $83.8 billion for the
House and $82.7 billion for the Senate. The FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations
provided an increase (compared to FY1998 appropriations) of $4.9 billion in advance
appropriations. Typically, advance appropriations are not scored in the current fiscal
year, but sometimes this additional amount has been added to the regular FY1999
appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs, thereby increasing the FY1999 base by $4.9
billion.
Table 3 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2000, including
mandatory and discretionary funds provided through the L-HHS-ED bill. Because
appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years,
two summary measures are used. Program level reflects only the appropriations in
the current bill, regardless of the year that they will be spent; it includes advances in
the current bill for future years (also shown separately in the table). Budget
authority represents (a) appropriations in the current bill for the current year, plus
(b) appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years and (c) various
scorekeeping adjustments (both shown separately in the table). Budget authority is
similar to the amount counted for the 302(b) allocations ceilings, as shown in Table 2.
Table 3 also shows current year funding for mandatory programs that are regularly
included in the L-HHS-ED bill, as well as the total for the current year; however, the
appropriations committees generally have effective control only over the discretionary
funds.
Table 3. Summary of L-HHS-ED Appropriations
($ in billions)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding a
final b
request
House c
Senate
conference
Discretionary Appropriations
Program level (from the
$90.0
$93.6
$89.5
$98.0
$96.9
current bill for any year)
Budget authority (for current
83.3
91.6
77.0
84.5
86.1
year from any bill)
Advances for future years
8.8
10.8
20.3
21.0
19.0
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
4.0
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.8
(from previous bills)
Scorekeeping adjustments
-1.9
0.0
-1.0
-1.3
-0.6
Current Year Funding
Discretionary
83.3
91.6
77.0
84.5
86.1
Mandatory
209.3
227.1
226.6
228.3
229.1
Total current year
292.6
318.7
303.6
312.8
315.2

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FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding a
final b
request
House c
Senate
conference
Grand Total of Funding for Bill, Any Year
Grand total any year
301.2
323.0
318.3
328.6
328.2
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference). FY1999 and FY2000 mandatory amounts are estimates that are subject to
adjustments after the close of the fiscal year.
a Appropriations are defined in Appendix A: Terminology. Data are given only for programs
included in the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill.
b The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
c In addition, the FY2000 House bill would have provided $508 million (not included in the table)
for agriculture disaster assistance for losses associated with Hurricane Floyd and other hurricanes
and associated flooding that occurred in the eastern U.S. during August and September 1999.
Key Issues
The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the 13 regular
appropriation bills, not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of
its programs, but also because of the continuing importance of various related non-
funding issues, such as restrictions on the use of federal funds for abortion.
Aggregate Funding Levels. The L-HHS-ED bill provides most of the
discretionary funds for three federal departments and several related agencies
including the Social Security Administration (SSA). Of the 13 annual appropriation
bills, the L-HHS-ED bill is the largest single source of discretionary funds for all
domestic programs; the Defense bill is the largest source of discretionary funds for all
federal programs. For FY1999, the L-HHS-ED bill accounted for $84.7 billion
(14.7%) and the Defense bill accounted for $255.0 billion (44.3%) of the estimated
$575.0 billion total for all federal discretionary budget authority.2 Figure 1 shows the
L-HHS-ED share of all federal discretionary appropriations in FY1999.
2 In this comparison of the L-HHS-ED total with federal discretionary budget authority, the
FY1999 amounts are based on the Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year
2000, Table S-9.

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Figure 1. Federal and L-HHS-ED Discretionary Appropriations,
FY1999
Federal Total = $575.0 billion
Other Federal
40.9%
Defense
L-HHS-ED
44.3%
14.7%
Source: Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 2000, Table S-9.
Once the aggregate size of the L-HHS-ED discretionary appropriations is
determined under the 302(b) allocation, the distribution of these discretionary funds
among departments and programs within the bill becomes the next issue. Figure 2
shows the discretionary share for each department within the L-HHS-ED total for
FY1999. Appendix B (page 47) describes the combined discretionary and mandatory
funding for each department within the L-HHS-ED bill.
Figure 2. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Appropriations by Department,
FY1999
L-HHS-ED Total = $83.3 billion
DOL
13.1%
DHHS
Related
43.5%
Agencies
9.4%
ED
34.1%
Source: Percentage shares are based on the conference report H.Rept. 105-825, which provides
details for the FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations under P.L. 105-277.
Summary of Funding Changes Proposed by the President. With regard to
the President’s FY2000 budget, the issues in the early stages of the appropriations
process generally relate to proposed funding changes. The following summary notes
changes proposed for discretionary budget authority of at least $100 million,

CRS-8
compared to the FY1999 appropriations. Viewing this list by itself should be done
with caution, since the relative impact of a $100 million increase to a $500 million
program (a 20% increase) will most likely be significantly greater than a $100 million
increase to a $5 billion program (a 2% increase). The discussion of individual
departments provides detailed tables for comparing the FY2000 request with the
FY1999 funding for many of the major programs in the L-HHS-ED bill.
! For U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) programs, an additional $288 million is
requested for job training programs newly authorized by the Workforce
Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), and an increase of $242 million is proposed for
State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations
(SUI/ESO).
! For U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) programs, the
largest discretionary increase (in absolute terms) is an additional $608 million
proposed for the Head Start program. Other proposed increases include an
additional $100 million for the Ryan White AIDS programs; an increase of
$320 million for the National Institutes of Health (NIH); a $239 million
increase for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA); and $166 million more for the Administration on Aging. An
appropriation of $386 million is requested for the Public Health and Social
Service Emergency Fund (PHSSEF); $223 million is provided on an
emergency basis for FY1999.
! For U.S. Department of Education (ED) programs, the largest proposed
discretionary increase (in absolute terms) is $400 million in additional funds
proposed for 21st Century Community Learning Centers. Other major
increases include $103 million more for Educational Technology programs; an
additional $264 million for Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies
(LEAs) for the Education of the Disadvantaged; $200 million more for the
Class Size Reduction program; $190 million more for Adult Education and
Family Literacy programs; an additional $120 million for Gaining Early
Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP). A
decrease of $241 million is requested in new funding for the Pell Grant
program; however, surplus funds from prior years would be used to increase
program spending from $7.7 billion in FY1999 to $7.9 billion in FY2000. No
funds are requested for the $375 million Innovative Program Strategies
(education block grant) program. A decrease of $128 million is proposed for
the Impact Aid programs.
! For the related agencies, the budget includes proposed increases of $163
million for the Social Security Administration (SSA) Limitation on
Administrative Expenses, and $117 million for discretionary activities related
to the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program.
House Legislative Action. The House Appropriations Committee marked up
its FY2000 L-HHS-ED bill on September 30, 1999, and reported H.R. 3037 on
October 7, 1999 (H.Rept. 106-370). Highlights of the bill as reported include the
following provisions; additional details are provided in the separate agency summaries
below.

CRS-9
! For DOL programs, WIA funds would be reduced overall (compared to
FY1999 funding levels), and the WIA Youth Opportunity Grants would be
terminated. The School-to-Work Opportunities program would be terminated.
Funding for SUI/ESO programs would be reduced.
! For DHHS programs, funding would be increased for the NIH, Health
Professions, the Maternal and Child Care Block Grant, Head Start, and the
PHSSEF. Funding for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
SAMHSA, and Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Program
Management would be reduced. The Child Care and Development Block
Grant (CCDBG) would be terminated.
! For ED, funding for the 21st Century Community Learning Centers, Class Size
Reduction/Teacher Empowerment Initiative, and Special Education State
Grants would be increased. Funding for Education Technology would be
reduced. Funding would be terminated for Goals 2000: Educate America Act,
School-to-Work Opportunities Act, Professional Development, and GEAR
UP.
! For the related agencies, the House bill would maintain funding for most
discretionary activities at approximately the same level as in FY1999.
Senate Legislative Action. The Senate Appropriations Committee marked up
its FY2000 L-HHS-ED bill on September 28, 1999, and reported S. 1650 on
September 29, 1999 (S.Rept. 106-166). On October 7, 1999, the Senate amended
and passed S. 1650, by a vote of 73 to 25 (roll call #321). Highlights of the bill as
passed include the following provisions; additional details are provided in the separate
agency summaries below.
! For DOL, WIA would receive increased funding (compared to FY1999
funding levels), including an increase for the Dislocated Workers Assistance
program.
! For DHSS, funding would be increased for the NIH, Community Health
Centers, Ryan White AIDS programs, SAMHSA, CCDBG, Head Start, and
the PHSSEF. Funding would be reduced for HCFA Program Management.
! For ED, funding would be increased for 21st Century Community Learning
Centers, Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies, Special Education State
Grants, and Adult Education. Funding would be reduced for the Fund for the
Improvement of Education (FIE).
! For the related agencies, funding would be increased for SSI Discretionary
Activities and the SSA Limitation on Administrative Expenses.
Vetoed Bill. The H.R. 3064 conference report, H.Rept. 106-419 — including
FY2000 appropriations for both the District of Columbia and L-HHS-ED — was
approved by the House October 28, 1999, by a vote of 218 to 211 (Roll Call #549),
and by the Senate November 2, 1999, by a vote of 49 to 48 (Roll Call #343). The
President vetoed H.R. 3064 on November 3, 1999 (H.Doc. 106-154). Declaring the
bill “deeply flawed” and “clearly unacceptable,” the President singled out the across-
the-board reduction of 0.97% for all FY2000 discretionary funds, as well as “crippling
cuts” in the increases requested for key education, labor, and health priorities.
Highlights of the vetoed bill include the following provisions.

CRS-10
! For DOL, WIA programs would be increased (compared to FY1999 funding
levels), including the WIA Dislocated Workers Program.
! For DHHS, increases would be provided for NIH, Ryan White AIDS
programs, Head Start, and the PHSSEF. Funding would be reduced for HCFA
Program Management.
! For ED, funding would be increased for 21st Century Community Learning
Centers and Special Education State Grants.
! For the related agencies, funding for most programs would be approximately
the same as the FY1999 amounts.
Public Law Summary. H.R. 3424, was enacted by cross reference through
§1000(a)(4) of H.R. 3194. The H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479 –
which includes the provisions of H.R. 3424 – was approved by the House November
18, 1999, by a vote of 296-135 (Roll Call #610), and by the Senate November 18,
1999, by a vote of 74 to 24 (Roll Call #374). The President signed H.R. 3194 into
law on November 29, 1999, as P.L. 106-113. The new law requires a 0.38%
reduction in FY2000 discretionary funds for each agency. Highlights of the enacted
bill include the following provisions; additional details are provided in the separate
agency summaries.
Funding Highlights. Several major L-HHS-ED programs receive funding
increases compared to FY1999 amounts; in some instances the funding is more than
requested by the President. Funding for a few programs is decreased. Total
discretionary funding in the FY2000 L-HHS-ED bill is $96.9 billion, $6.9 billion more
than the FY1999 amount and $3.3 billion more than requested by the President
(FY2000 discretionary appropriations are subject to a reduction of 0.38%).
! For DOL, WIA programs would be increased (compared to FY1999 funding
levels), including the WIA Dislocated Workers Program.
! For DHHS, increases would be provided for NIH, Ryan White AIDS
programs, the CDC, SAMHSA, Head Start, and the PHSSEF. Funding would
be reduced for HCFA Program Management.
! For ED, funding would be increased for 21st Century Community Learning
Centers, Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies, Class Size
Reduction/Teacher Assistance Initiative, Special Education State Grants, and
the FIE.
! For the related agencies, funding would be increased for the SSA Limitation
on Administrative Expenses.
! H.R. 3064, which was vetoed November 3, 1999, would have provided $95.5
billion of discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs, $1.4 billion
below the amount of $96.9 billion provided by P.L. 106-113 (neither amount
reflects the FY2000 general reductions of 0.38% and 0.97%, respectively).
! Advance appropriations in the bill provide $19.0 billion in discretionary
budget authority for fiscal years beyond FY2000; the comparable amount for
FY1999 was $8.8 billion.
Modifications to Existing Programs and General Provisions. The FY2000
L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act modifies several programs or otherwise specifies
additional provisions concerning the use of funds provided under this Act.

CRS-11
! One of the last agreements to be reached prior to the enactment of the FY2000
L-HHS-ED Act relates to the Class Size Reduction/Teacher Assistance
program, first authorized under §307 of the FY1999 Act, P.L. 105-277. The
FY2000 L-HHS-ED Act specifies the same allocation formula as was used in
FY1999, but provides that local educational agencies (LEAs) may use 25%
(15% in FY1999) of their funds for professional development and testing of
new teachers, and allows additional flexibility for LEAs receiving smaller
grants or those participating in Ed-Flex programs. However, new standards
are imposed to ensure the hiring of fully qualified teachers. (§310 of P.L. 106-
113)
! The date on which the DHHS final regulation on Organ Procurement and
Transplantation Network can take effect is extended until 42 days after
enactment of this Act. (§210)
! The obligation of $5.0 billion of DHHS appropriations is delayed and restricted
to the period beginning September 29, 2000, and ending October 15, 2000;
programs affected include NIH, Health Resources and Services Administration
(HRSA), CDC, Children and Families Services Programs (CFSP), Social
Services Block Grant (SSBG), and SAMHSA. (§216)
! DHHS must conduct a study on certain geographic adjustment factors used for
payments for physicians’ services under the Medicare program, and to report
the results within 3 months of enactment. (§217)
! States receive increased flexibility in the enforcement of laws concerning the
minimum age of sale for tobacco products. (§218)
! Title III, “Systemic State and Local Education Systemic Improvement,” and
Title IV, “Parental Assistance,” of P.L. 103-227, Goals 2000: Educate
America Act are repealed as of September 30, 2000. (§310)
! Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies are modified to extend
FY1999 minimum allocation provisions and to encourage public school choices
for pupils attending public schools in need of improvement. (Education for the
Disadvantaged account)
! Funding provisions are modified for a study of school violence by ED. (§312)
! Provisions for the voter registration of college students under the Higher
Education Act (§487(a)(23)(C)) are clarified regarding how they apply to
specific types of elections. (§314)
! The prohibition on using funds to make a final determination regarding unique
health identifiers for individuals prior to enactment of specific legislation
allowing such determination is continued. (§514)
! The restrictions on using funds for abortions that were made in P.L. 105-
277 are continued. (§508 and 509)
! The funding prohibitions on use of funds for sterile needle exchange
programs or human embryo research that were made in P.L. 105-277 are
continued. (§505 and 510, respectively)
Authorization of New Programs and Activities. The FY2000 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Act authorizes or amends several programs and activities.
! Title VI of the FY2000 Act clarifies authority under the Public Health Service
Act to authorize statewide programs for the early detection, diagnosis, and
intervention for newborns and infants with hearing loss.

CRS-12
! Title VII authorizes the DHHS to make grants to the Denali Commission to
plan, construct, and equip multi-county demonstration projects for health,
nutrition, and child care services.
! Title VIII includes Welfare-to-Work amendments to extend the eligibility of
certain populations, and a provision to decrease the financial penalties for
states out of compliance with centralized collection and disbursement
requirements for the Child Support Enforcement program.
Major Funding Trends
The L-HHS-ED appropriations consist of mandatory and discretionary funds;
however, the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary funds.
Mandatory funding levels for programs included in the annual appropriations bills are
modified through changes in the authorizing legislation; these changes typically are
accomplished through the authorizing committees and combined into large, omnibus
reconciliation bills. Table 4 shows the trend in total discretionary budget authority
under the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY1995 through FY1999. The L-HHS-ED
funds have increased by 24.9% for this 5-year period. The 5-year increase is reduced
to an estimated 17.3% after adjustment for inflation by use of the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) deflator. When compared to all federal discretionary budget
authority, the L-HHS-ED portion increased from 12.7% in FY1995 to 14.7% in
FY1999. When compared to all federal budget authority, both discretionary and
nondiscretionary (mandatory), the L-HHS-ED portion increased during this period
from 4.4% in FY1995 to 4.8% in FY1999.
Table 4. L-HHS-ED Discretionary Funding Trends From FY1995
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
Type of funds
FY1995
FY1996
FY1997
FY1998
FY1999
L-HHS-ED discretionary
$67.8
$67.2
$74.7
$81.1
$84.7
L-HHS-ED discretionary in
$72.2
$70.2
$76.6
$82.2
$84.7
estimated FY1999 dollars
L-HHS-ED % of all federal
discretionary funds a
12.7%
13.4%
13.9%
15.2%
14.7%
L-HHS-ED % of total federal
4.4%
4.3%
4.5%
4.8%
4.8%
budget authority
Total federal discretionary
$533.8
$502.5
$536.3
$534.2
$575.0
Total federal budget authority
$1,539.7
$1,580.8
$1,642.9 $1,692.3
$1,770.1
GDP deflator
1.0762
1.0976
1.1183
1.1317
1.1464
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2000, tables 5.2 and
10.1 (for total federal budget authority and GDP deflator); and Budget of the United States
Government, various years (for discretionary budget authority).
a Discretionary funds include both defense and non-defense activities.

CRS-13
For Additional Reading, Background
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10017, Budget for Fiscal Year 2000, by Philip D. Winters.
Other CRS Products.
CRS Info Pack 12B, Budget Process.
CRS Report 98-203, Appropriations for FY1999: Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RL30056, Appropriations Supplemental for FY1999: Emergency
Funding in P.L. 105-277 for Agriculture, Embassy Security, Y2K Problems,
Defense, and Other Issues, by Larry Nowels, Coordinator.
CRS Report RL30199, Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access, by
Susan E. Watkins.
CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction,
by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20095, The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview, by
James V. Saturno.
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America
Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels,
Coordinator.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
General information regarding the budget and appropriations may be found at
the following web sites. Web sites specific to departments and agencies funded by the
L-HHS-ED appropriations will be listed in the appropriate sections of this report.
House Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/fact.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/news.htm]
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/pr00lhcm.html]
Senate Committee on Appropriations
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/enter.htm]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/releases.htm]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/leg.htm]
Congressional Research Service (CRS) FY2000 Appropriations Products
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
[http://www.cbo.gov]

CRS-14
General Accounting Office (GAO)
[http://www.gao.gov]
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB]
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/budget/]
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/Appropriations/]
[http://www.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2000/amndsup.html]

CRS-15
U.S. Department of Labor
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) are shown
in Table 5, including the FY2000 budget proposal, the amounts in the House, Senate,
and conference bills, and the FY1999 enacted amount. Because appropriations may
consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, two summary
measures are used. Program level reflects only the appropriations in the current bill,
regardless of the year that they will be spent; it includes advances in the current bill
for future years (also shown separately in the table). Budget authority represents
(a) appropriations in the current bill for the current year, plus (b) appropriations for
the current year that were enacted in prior years (shown separately in the table, as
well). Budget authority is similar to the amount counted for the 302(b) allocations
ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to 302(b) allocations
may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see page 32).
Table 5. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$10.9
$11.6
$10.1
$11.4
$11.2
current bill for any year)
Budget authority (for
10.9
11.6
7.5
8.7
8.8
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
0.0
0.0
2.6
2.7
2.5
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.0 c
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The amounts shown are for discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
mandatory programs funded through the L-HHS-ED bill and other laws are not included.
b The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
c The amount is less than $0.05 million.
Mandatory DOL programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at $1.9
billion in FY1999, and consist of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ($1.0 billion),
Advances to the Unemployment Insurance and Other Trust Funds ($0.4 billion),
Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances programs ($0.3 billion), and
Employment Standards Administration Special Benefits programs ($0.2 billion).

CRS-16
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2000 discretionary budget request for
DOL is intended to support three broad strategic goals: (a) a prepared workforce, (b)
a secure workforce, and (c) quality workplaces. According to the Administration, a
prepared workforce increases employment opportunities by providing the education
and training for each worker to compete in a global economy. The goal of a secure
workforce means promoting the economic security of all workers and their families,
including pension coverage, retirement benefits, and health benefits. A quality
workplace means a safe and healthful workplace, with equal opportunity for every
worker, as well as protection for children in the workplace both here and abroad.
Discretionary increases of more than $100 million requested for DOL programs
under the President’s FY2000 budget include the following:
! An additional $288 million is requested for programs authorized by the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), including increases for Dislocated
Worker Assistance ($195 million) and Job Corps ($38 million), as well as other
federally administered programs under WIA.
! An increase of $242 million is proposed for State Unemployment Insurance
and Employment Service Operations (SUI/ESO), including State Operations
for Unemployment Compensation ($83 million), other Unemployment
Compensation activities ($81 million), and Work Incentive Grants ($50
million).
Smaller DOL increases are proposed for Employment Standards Administration
(ESA) salaries and expenses ($61 million), Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) ($34 million), and Departmental Management ($66 million).
A reduction of $70 million is proposed for the DOL portion of the School-to-
Work Opportunities Act program, as part of an authorized phase-out by FY2001 of
federal financial support.
For the Welfare-to-Work Grants program, $137 million was rescinded by the
FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations from unallocated state formula grants; no
additional reductions are requested in the budget.
House Bill. At the Committee level, the House bill does not accept all of the
funding changes proposed in the President’s FY2000 budget.
! The House bill would provide $4.6 billion for programs authorized by WIA,
$847 million less than the request and $584 million less than the FY1999
amount. WIA Youth Training would be provided $100 million less than
requested, and WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance would be provided $336
million less than requested. WIA Youth Opportunity Grants would be
terminated; the request was for level funding at $250 million.
! The House bill would terminate funding for School-to-Work Opportunities; the
request is for $55 million, and $125 million was provided in FY1999.
! Various SUI/ESO activities would be funded at $3.1 billion, $364 million less
than the request, and $122 million below the FY1999 level.

CRS-17
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House proposal with
regard to several programs.
! The Senate bill would provide $5.4 billion for WIA programs, $839 million
more than the House, including $100 million more for Youth Training, $336
million more for Dislocated Worker Assistance, and $250 million more for
Youth Opportunity Grants; the Senate amount is $8 million less than the
request, and $255 million more than the FY1999 amount of $5.1 billion.
! The Senate bill would provide $55 million for School-to-Work Opportunities,
the same as the request; the House bill would terminate funding. This program
was provided $125 million in FY1999.
! The bill would provide $3.4 billion for various SUI/ESO activities; the amount
is $217 million more than the House provision, but $147 million less than the
request; these programs were funded at $3.3 billion in FY1999.
Conference Report. The conference bill provides funding amounts for DOL
programs similar to those in the President’s FY2000 budget request, with the
following exception.
! The bill would provide $3.3 billion for various SUI/ESO activities, $252
million less than the request; $3.3 billion was provided in FY1999.
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10048, The Davis-Bacon Act: Action During the 106th Congress,
by William G. Whittaker.
CRS Issue Brief IB10042, OSHA Reform: “Partnership” with Employers, by
Edward B. Rappaport.
CRS Issue Brief 98023, Trade Adjustment Assistance: Proposals for Renewal and
Reform, by James R. Storey.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 97-536, Job Training Under the Workforce Investment Act: An
Overview, by Ann Lordeman.
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Celinda Franco.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 94-417, Unemployment Compensation: A Fact Sheet, by Celinda
Franco.
CRS Report RS20134, Welfare Reform: Reauthorization of the Welfare-to-Work
Grant Program, by Christine Devere.
CRS Report 98-62, Welfare Reform: The Welfare-to-Work Grant Program, by
Christine Devere and Gene Falk.

CRS-18
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Labor
[http://www.dol.gov]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/main.htm]
[http://www.dol.gov/dol/_sec/public/budget/990323ah.htm]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 6 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of DOL.

CRS-19
Table 6. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Employment and Training Administration (ETA)
Training and Employment
Services (TES), Workforce
955
955
860
950
950
Investment Act (WIA) Adult
Training Grants to States
—WIA Youth Training
1,001
1,001
901
1,001
1,001
—WIA Dislocated Worker
1,401
1,596
1,260
1,596
1,596
Assistance
—WIA Job Corps
1,309
1,347
1,359
1,347
1,359
—WIA Youth Opportunity
250
250
0
250
250
Grants (YOG)
—WIA Other Federally
229
259
181
256
237
Administered Programs
—WIA (JTPA) subtotal b
5,145
5,408
4,561
5,400
5,393
—School-to-Work
125
55
0
55
55
Opportunities
—TES, Other
11
12
11
18
18
Welfare-to-Work Rescission
-137
0
0
0
0
Community Service
Employment for Older
440
440
440
440
440
Americans
Federal Unemployment
Benefits and Allowances,
Trade Adjustment and
361
314
314
415
415
NAFTA Activities
(mandatory)
State Unemployment
Insurance and Employment
Service Operations
2,123
2,206
2,135
2,155
2,150
(SUI/ESO) Unemployment
Compensation State
Operations
—SUI/ESO Unemployment
172
253
85
161
135
Compensation, Other
—SUI/ESO Employment
822
848
822
869
829
Service
—SUI/ESO One-Stop Career
147
149
100
147
120
Centers
—SUI/ESO Work Incentives
0
50
0
27
20
Grants
—SUI/ESO subtotal
3,264
3,506
3,142
3,359
3,254
Advances to Unemployment
Trust Fund and Other Funds
357
356
356
356
356
(mandatory)
ETA Program
145
141
138
149
146
Administration
ETA, subtotal
9,711
10,232
8,962
10,192
10,077

CRS-20
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Pension and Welfare
91
102
90
100
99
Benefits Administration
Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation (PBGC)
11
11
11
11
11
Administration
PBGC Services (non-add)
149
154
154
154
154
Employment Standards Administration (ESA)
ESA Salaries and Expenses
315
376
314
343
339
ESA Special Benefits
179
79
79
79
79
(mandatory)
ESA Black Lung Disability
1,021
1,014
1,013
1,014
1,014
Trust Fund (mandatory)
ESA subtotal
1,515
1,469
1,406
1,436
1,432
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
354
388
337
388
382
(OSHA)
Mine Safety and Health
216
228
211
231
228
Administration (MSHA)
Bureau of Labor Statistics
399
421
395
409
413
Departmental Management
432
498
421
485
478
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Total Appropriations c
12,727
13,352
11,834
13,252
13,120
Current Year: FY2000
12,727
13,352
9,227
10,532
10,657
FY2001
0
0
2,607
2,720
2,463
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept.106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
b In most cases, the FY1999 amounts were appropriated under the Job Training Partnership Act
(JTPA); the FY2000 amounts are limited to WIA programs.
c Appropriations totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

CRS-21
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) are shown in Table 7, including the FY2000 budget proposal, the
amounts in the House, Senate, and conference bills, and the FY1999 enacted amount.
Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in
various years, two summary measures are used. Program level reflects only the
appropriations in the current bill, regardless of the year that they will be spent; it
includes advances in the current bill for future years (also shown separately in the
table). Budget authority represents (a) appropriations in the current bill for the
current year, plus (b) appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior
years (shown separately in the table, as well). Budget authority is similar to the
amount counted for the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance
appropriations as they relate to 302(b) allocations may be found in the U.S.
Department of Education section (see page 32).
Table 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$36.4
$39.2
$37.3
$41.9
$41.3
current bill for any year)
Budget authority (for
36.2
39.1
37.0
37.7
39.9
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
2.3
2.4
2.6
6.5
3.7
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The amounts shown are for discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
mandatory programs funded through the L-HHS-ED bill and other laws are not included.
b The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
Mandatory DHHS programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at
$175.9 billion in FY1999, and consist primarily of Grants to States for Medicaid
($103.5 billion), Payments to Medicare Trust Funds ($62.8 billion), Social Services
Block Grant ($1.9 billion), and Foster Care and Adoption ($5.1 billion).

CRS-22
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY1999 discretionary budget request for
DHHS focuses on a number of programs related to the funding and delivery of health
care and social services. The DHHS budget emphasizes health research programs,
the President’s Child Care initiative,3 children’s health insurance, fraud and abuse
prevention, user fees, drug and alcohol treatment programs, human immuno-
deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention and
treatment programs, the President’s Race initiative as it relates to health disparities
among minority groups, and the tobacco settlement and related treatment and
prevention activities.
Discretionary increases of more than $100 million requested for DHHS programs
under the President’s FY2000 budget include the following:
! The largest discretionary increase is an additional $608 million proposed for
the Head Start program, an early childhood development program for children
and their families to assist low-income children start school ready to learn.
! An additional $100 million is proposed for the Ryan White AIDS programs.
! An increase of $320 million is requested for the National Institutes of Health
(NIH).
! A $239 million increase is requested for the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), including $131 million more for
the Substance Abuse Block Grant.
! $166 million more is proposed for the Administration on Aging.
A decrease is proposed for Program Management under the Health Care
Financing Administration (HCFA) at DHHS of $127 million. Smaller reductions in
DHHS funding are requested for several discretionary programs, including Health
Professions ($50 million); other programs administered by Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA) (including $65 million for the Health Care and Other
Facilities program); Agency for Health Care Policy Research ($75 million); and
various smaller programs of the Children and Family Services Programs (CFSP) ($74
million). For the Public Health and Social Service Emergency Fund (PHSSEF), $386
million is requested on a non-emergency basis; $223 million was provided in FY1999
from emergency funding for a variety of activities including anti-bioterrorism, AIDS
prevention and treatment in minority communities, and Year 2000 computer
conversion efforts.
House Bill. At the Committee level, the House bill does not accept all of the
funding changes proposed in the President’s FY2000 budget.
! The House bill would provide $16.9 billion for NIH, an amount $1.0 billion
more than the President’s request, and $1.2 billion more than the FY1999
amount of $15.7 billion.
3 The proposed Child Care initiative primarily consists of increases in entitlement spending
and tax expenditures outside of the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill; for details see CRS Report
RL30021, Child Care Issues in the 106th Congress, by Karen Spar and Melinda Gish.

CRS-23
! The Maternal and Child Health Block Grant would be funded at $105 million
more than the request, which was for level funding at $695 million.
! The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would receive $183
million less than the request, and $99 less than the FY1999 amount of $2.8
billion.
! SAMHSA would be funded at $2.4 billion, $313 million less than the request
and $73 million less than the FY1999 amount of $2.5 billion; the Substance
Abuse Block Grant would be level funded at $1.6 billion.
! HCFA Program Management would be provided $264 million less than the
request and $391 million less than the FY1999 level of $2.1 billion.
! No funding would be provided for the Child Care and Development Block
Grant (CCDBG), which was funded at $1.2 billion in FY1999; the President
requested level funding.
! Head Start would be funded at $4.8 billion, $101 million more than the
FY1999 level but $507 million less than requested.
! The Administration on Aging would be level funded at $882 million, $166
million below the requested amount.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House proposal with
regard to several programs.
! The bill would provide $17.6 billion for NIH, $0.7 billion more than the
House, and $2.0 billion more than the FY1999 amount.
! The Senate would provide $695 million for the Maternal and Child Health
Block Grant, $105 million less than the House, but the same as the request and
the FY1999 amount.
! The CDC would be funded at $140 million more than the House bill, and $41
million more than the FY1999 amount of $2.8 billion.
! SAMHSA would be provided $386 million more than the House proposal, and
$313 million more than the FY1999 amount of $2.5 billion; the Substance
Abuse Block Grant would be increased by $131 million, the same as the
request.
! HCFA Program Management would be funded at $239 million more than the
House amount, but $152 million less than the FY1999 amount of $2.1 billion.
! The CCDBG would be funded at $2.0 billion, $0.8 billion above the request
and the FY1999 amount; the House would terminate funding.
! Head Start would be funded at $5.3 billion, the same as the request but $507
below the House amount; the FY1999 amount was $4.7 billion.
Conference Report. The conference bill provides funding amounts for DHHS
programs similar to those in the President’s FY2000 budget request, with the
following exceptions.
! The NIH would be funded at $17.9 billion, $2.0 billion more than the request;
the FY1999 amount was $15.7 billion.
! HRSA programs would be funded at $4.7 billion, $433 million more than the
request; the FY1999 amount was $4.3 billion. Compared to the request, $79
million more would be provided for Community Health Centers, $92 million
more for Health Professions, and $84 million more for Ryan White AIDS
programs.

CRS-24
! The CDC would be funded at $3.0 billion, $107 million more than the request;
the FY1999 amount was $2.8 billion.
! The Administration on Aging would be funded at $934 million, $114 million
less than requested; the FY1999 amount was $882 million.
! The PHSSEF would be provided $584 million, $198 million more than the
request; the FY1999 amount was $223 million. The FY2000 amount includes
$75 million of initial funding for the Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Act,
and $150 million for DHHS Year 2000 computer conversion program.
Abortion: A Perennial L-HHS-ED Issue. Since FY1977, the annual
L-HHS-ED appropriations acts have contained restrictions that limit the
circumstances under which federal funds can be used to pay for abortions to cases
where the life of the mother is endangered. Popularly referred to as the Hyde
Amendment, these provisions generally apply to all L-HHS-ED funds; Medicaid is the
largest program affected. The 103rd Congress modified the provisions to permit
federal funding of abortions in cases of rape or incest. The FY1998 L-HHS-ED
Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-78, extended the Hyde provisions to prohibit the use
of federal funds to buy managed care packages that include abortion coverage, except
in the cases of rape, incest, or life endangerment. For FY1999, the FY1998 Hyde
Amendment provisions were continued, along with a clarification to ensure that the
Hyde Amendment applies to all trust fund programs (namely, Medicare) funded by
the FY1999 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act, P.L. 105-277, as well as an assurance
that Medicare + Choice plans are not required to provide abortion services. The
FY2000 L-HHS-ED Appropriations Act retains the FY1999 language without
amendment.4
Tobacco Revenues. The President’s FY2000 budget incorporates a 55
cents-a-pack increase in the federal cigarette excise tax, which would raise an
estimated $8 billion in additional revenue in FY2000, dropping to $6.4 billion in
FY2004. Those funds are not earmarked for specific DHHS programs, but would be
used to offset federal tobacco-related health care costs. The FY1999 Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, P.L. 106-31, signed into law May 21, 1999,
prohibits federal recoupment of any state funds received from tobacco settlements and
permits states to spend any such funds collected without restriction.5
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief 95095, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Karen J. Lewis and
Thomas P. Carr.
4 For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB95095, Abortion: Legislative Response,
by Karen J. Lewis and Thomas P. Carr.
5 For additional information, see CRS Report RL30058, Tobacco Master Settlement
Agreement (1998): Overview and Issues for the 106th Congress, by C. Stephen Redhead. For
comprehensive information, see the CRS Electronic Briefing Book on the Tobacco Settlement
at [http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebtobtop.html].

CRS-25
CRS Issue Brief 98010, Head Start: Background and Funding, by Melinda Gish and
Karen Spar.
CRS Issue Brief IB10044, Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 106th Congress,
by Joyce Vialet, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief IB10018, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2000,
by Michael E. Davey, Coordinator.
CRS Issue Brief 93034, Welfare Reform, by Vee Burke.
CRS Reports.
CRS Report 95-1101, Abortion Procedures, by Irene E. Stith-Coleman.
CRS Report 96-293, AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-
FY2000, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report 98-476, AIDS: Ryan White CARE Act, by Judith A. Johnson and Sharon
Kearney.
CRS Report 96-617, Alien Eligibility for Public Assistance, by Joyce C. Vialet and
Larry M. Eig.
CRS Report 96-253, Cancer Research: Selected Federal Spending and Morbidity
and Mortality Statistics, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report 98-740, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: An Overview,
by Paulette L. Como and Irene Stith-Coleman.
CRS Report RL30021, Child Care Issues in the 106th Congress, by Karen Spar and
Melinda Gish.
CRS Report 97-335, Cloning: Where Do We Go From Here?, by Irene E. Stith-
Coleman.
CRS Report RS20124, Community Services Block Grants: Background and
Funding, by Karen Spar.
CRS Report 97-917, Disease Funding and NIH Priority Setting, by Judith A.
Johnson.
CRS Report 94-396, The Earned Income Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet, by Melinda T.
Gish.
CRS Report 97-757, Health Centers, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RS20266, Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, by Irene Stith-
Coleman.
CRS Report 94-211, The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program: A Fact
Sheet, by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report 97-350, Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report RL30109, Medicare and Medicaid Organ Transplants, by Sibyl Tilson.
CRS Report 95-96, The National Institutes of Health: An Overview, by Pamela W.
Smith.
CRS Report 95-917, Older Americans Act: Programs and Funding, by Carol
O’Shaughnessy and Celinda Franco.
CRS Report 98-668, Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy: Facts and
Issues, by Joyce C. Vialet.
CRS Report 94-953, Social Services Block Grants (Title XX of the Social Security
Act), by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report 97-926, State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program: Guidance on
Frequently Asked Questions, by Jean Hearne and Jennifer A. Neisner.
CRS Report 98-692, State Children’s Hospital Insurance Program: Implementation
Progress, by Evelyne R. Parizek, et al.

CRS-26
CRS Report 97-844, The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA), by Cecilia Oregón Echeverría
CRS Report RL30058, Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (1998): Overview
and Issues for the 106th Congress, by C. Stephen Redhead.
CRS Report 97-1048, The Title X Family Planning Program, by Sharon Kearney.
CRS Report 98-939, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund: An Overview, by David
Teasley.
CRS Report 98-115, Welfare Reform: Federal-State Financing Under the
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program, by Gene Falk.
CRS Report RL30082, Welfare Reform: Unspent TANF Funds, by Gene Falk.
CRS Electronic Briefing Book
Tobacco Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebtobtop.html]
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
[http://www.hhs.gov]
[http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/index.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/progorg/asmb/budget/fy2000.html]
[http://www.hhs.gov/news/speeches/990201.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 8 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of
DHHS.

CRS-27
Table 8. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services
Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Public Health Service (PHS)
Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA),
925
945
985
1,024
1,024
Community Health Centers
HRSA, National Health Service
115
115
116
115
117
Corps
HRSA, Health Professions
302
252
302
227
344
HRSA, Maternal and Child
695
695
800
695
710
Health Block Grant
HRSA, Ryan White AIDS
1,411
1,511
1,519
1,611
1,595
Programs
HRSA, Family Planning (Title
215
240
215
222
239
X)
HRSA, Vaccine Injury
160
60
60
60
60
Compensation (mandatory)
HRSA, Other
461
391
275
479
563
HRSA, subtotal
4,284
4,209
4,272
4,433
4,652
Centers for Disease Control and
2,771
2,855
2,672
2,812
2,962
Prevention (CDC)
National Institutes of Health
15,653
15,893
16,895
17,602
17,873
(NIH)
Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration
289
359
300
359
356
(SAMHSA) Mental Health
Block Grant
SAMHSA Substance Abuse
1,584
1,715
1,585
1,715
1,600
Block Grant
SAMHSA, Other
614
653
529
726
699
Agency for Health Care Policy
102
27
104
20
111
and Research
PHS, subtotal
25,297
25,711
26,357
27,688
28,253
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
Medicaid Grants to States
103,455
116,676
116,676
116,676
116,676
(mandatory)
Payments to Medicare Trust
62,823
69,289
69,289
69,289
69,289
Funds (mandatory)
Program Management
2,143
2,016
1,752
1,991
1,995
HCFA, subtotal
168,421
187,981
187,717
187,956
187,960
Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
—Family Support Payments to
States (Welfare, Child Support)
3,213
689
689
3,191
3,191
(mandatory)
—Low Income Home Energy
1,100
1,100
1,100
1,100
1,100
Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

CRS-28
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
—LIHEAP Emergency
300
300
300
300
300
Allocation
—Refugee and Entrant
515
431
424
431
427
Assistance
—Child Care and Development
1,183
1,183
0
2,000
1,183
Block Grant (CCDBG)
—Social Services Block Grant
1,909
2,380
1,909
2,380
1,775
(Title XX) (mandatory)
—Children and Family Services
4,659
5,267
4,760
5,267
5,267
Programs (CFSP), Head Start
—CFSP, Community Services
500
500
510
500
530
Block Grant
—CFSP, Child Welfare Services
292
292
292
292
292
—CFSP, Developmental
119
119
115
126
122
Disabilities
—CFSP, Other
484
410
458
500
523
—Violent Crime Reduction
105
119
105
105
101
—Rescission of permanent
-21
0
-21
0
-21
appropriations
—Promoting Safe and Sable
275
295
295
295
295
Families (mandatory)
—Foster Care and Adoption
Assistance State Payments
5,119
5,850
5,845
5,850
5,845
(mandatory)
ACF, subtotal
19,752
18,935
16,781
22,337
20,930
Administration on Aging
882
1,048
882
942
934
Office of the Secretary, Public
223
386
392
475
584
Health/Social Service Fund
Retirement Pay and Medical
Benefits, Commissioned
202
215
215
215
215
Officers (mandatory)
Office of the Secretary, Other
331
285
291
261
303
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Total Appropriations b
215,108
234,560
232,637
239,845
239,180
Current Year: FY2000
181,947
199,400
197,310
200,260
202,701
FY2001
33,161
35,160
35,327
39,295
36,480
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept.106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
b Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

CRS-29
U.S. Department of Education
Discretionary appropriations for the U.S. Department of Education (ED) are
shown in Table 9, including the FY2000 budget proposal, the amounts in the House,
Senate, and conference bills, and the FY1999 enacted amount. Because
appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years,
two summary measures are used. Program level reflects only the appropriations in
the current bill, regardless of the year that they will be spent; it includes advances in
the current bill for future years (also shown separately in the table). Budget
authority represents (a) appropriations in the current bill for the current year, plus
(b) appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years (shown
separately in the table, as well). Budget authority is similar to the amount counted for
the 302(b) allocations ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate
to 302(b) allocations may be found below (see page 32).
Table 9. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$33.3
$34.7
$33.3
$35.3
$35.7
current bill for any year)
Budget authority (for
28.8
32.8
24.7
30.1
29.5
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
6.2
8.1
14.8
11.4
12.4
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
1.7
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The amounts shown are for discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
mandatory programs funded through the L-HHS-ED bill and other laws are not included.
b The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
c The amount is less than $0.05 million.
A single mandatory ED program is included in the L-HHS-ED bill — the
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program — funded at $2.3 billion in FY1999.
Key Issues
President’s Request. Support for education has been one of the President’s top
priorities, and the FY2000 discretionary budget request for ED continues to reflect
that emphasis. The comprehensive reform of elementary and secondary education is

CRS-30
a major theme that includes accelerated change and increased accountability at the
school and classroom level, mastering educational basics, improved teaching for all
students, a safe and drug-free environment in the schools, assistance for increasing
college access and completion, and an Hispanic Initiative to meet the special
challenges of language and cultural barriers to education.
Discretionary increases of at least $100 million requested for ED programs under
the President’s FY2000 budget include the following.
! The largest ED discretionary increase (in terms of absolute dollars) is $400
million in additional funds proposed for 21st Century Community Learning
Centers; $200 million was provided in FY1999 for grants that support school-
based programs providing multiple services to meet the needs of the
community.
! $103 million more is proposed for Educational Technology programs,
including additional funds for the Technology Literacy Challenge Fund,
Community-Based Technology Centers, and Middle-School Teacher Training.
! An additional $264 million is requested for Title I Grants to Local Educational
Agencies (LEAs) for the Education of the Disadvantaged.
! $200 million more is requested for the Class Size Reduction program, which
was first initiated under the FY1999 appropriations.
! $190 million more is requested for Adult Education and Family Literacy
programs, with the additional funds to be used for the State Grants program
and an English as a Second Language (ESL) and Civics Education Initiative.
! $120 million more is proposed for Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for
Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP).
Smaller increases are proposed for several other ED programs, including other
Education for the Disadvantaged programs ($53 million); Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA) State Grants ($51 million) and National Activities ($64
million); Federal Work-Study ($64 million); and Research and Statistics ($68 million).
Decreases requested in the President’s budget include $128 million less for
Impact Aid programs. No funds are requested for the $375 million Innovative
Program Strategies (education block grant) program. In addition, a reduction of $70
million is proposed for the ED portion of the School-to-Work Opportunities Act
program, as part of an authorized phase-out by FY2001 of federal financial support.
A decrease of $241 million is requested in new FY2000 funding for the Pell
Grant program, which was funded at $7.7 billion in FY1999. However, the ED
Budget Service indicates that surplus funds available from prior years would be used
to boost spending for Pell Grants to $7.9 billion in FY2000. The FY2000 budget
includes a $125 increase in the maximum award to $3,250.
House Bill. At the Committee level, the House bill does not accept all of the
funding changes proposed in the President’s FY2000 budget.
! Impact Aid would receive $907 million, $171 million more than the President’s
request and $43 million more than in FY1999.

CRS-31
! Special Education State Grants would be funded at $5.6 billion, $449 million
above the request and $500 million above the FY1999 amount.
! Pell Grants would be provided $7.6 billion, $157 million more than the request,
but $84 million below the FY1999 amount. The maximum award would be
increased to $3,275.
! Innovative Program Strategies would be funded at $385 million, $10 million
above the FY1999 amount; the request was for program termination.
! $1.8 billion would be provided for a Teacher Empowerment Initiative, subject
to enactment of authorizing legislation, to replace the Class Size Reduction
program that was funded at $1.2 billion in FY1999.
! Title I Grants for LEAs would be level funded at $7.7 billion; the President
requested an increase of $264 million.
! Several major programs would be terminated under the House bill, including
Goals 2000: Educate America Act ($491 million in FY1999), School-to-Work
($125 million), Professional Development ($335 million), and GEAR UP
($120 million).
! Educational Technology programs would be funded at $500 million, a decrease
of $198 million compared to the FY1999 level of $698 million, and $301
million below the request.
! 21st Century Community Learning Centers would be funded at $300 million,
an increase of $100 million compared to the FY1999 amount, but $300 million
below the request.
! Adult Education would be funded at $378 million, a decrease of $7 million
compared to the FY1999 amount, and $197 below the request.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House proposal with
regard to several programs.
! The four programs — Goals 2000: Educate America Act, School-to-Work,
Professional Development, and GEAR UP — that would be terminated under
the House bill would be funded at approximately the level requested by the
President, with the exception that GEAR UP would be funded at $180 million,
$60 million less than the request but $60 million more than the FY1999
amount.
! Educational Technology would be funded at $707 million, $207 million more
than the House amount; the FY1999 amount was $698 million.
! 21st Century Community Learning Centers would be funded at $400 million,
$100 million more than the House provision; the FY1999 amount was $200
million.
! Title I Grants for LEAs would be funded at $8.1 billion, $320 million more
than the House; the FY1999 amount was $7.7 billion.
! Special Education State Grants would be provided $5.8 billion, $200 million
more than the House level; the FY1999 amount was $5.1 billion.
! Adult Education would be funded at $488 million, $110 million more than the
House; the FY1999 amount was $385 million.
! Pell Grants would be funded at $7.8 billion, $158 million over the House
amount; the FY1999 amount was $7.7 billion. The maximum award would be
increased to $3,325.
! The Senate bill would fund a Teacher Assistance Initiative at $1.2 billion,
$0.6 billion less than the Teacher Empowerment Initiative in the House. The

CRS-32
initiative would replace the Class Size Reduction program, funded at $1.2
billion in FY1999.
Conference Report. The conference bill provides funding amounts for ED
programs similar to those in the President’s FY2000 budget request, with the
following exceptions.
! The bill would provide $1.3 billion for a Class Size/Teacher Assistance
Initiative to support hiring new teachers or otherwise meet local educational
needs; the initiative would replace the Class Size Reduction program, for
which $1.4 billion was requested, $200 million more than the FY1999 amount.
! The bill would provide $454 million for the 21st Century Community Learning
Centers, $146 million less than the request; the FY1999 amount was $200
million.
! Impact Aid programs would be funded at $911 million, $175 million more than
the request; the FY1999 amount was $864 million.
! Innovative Program Strategies would be funded at $380 million, a $5 million
increase over the FY1999 amount; the request was to terminate funding.
! Special Education State Grants would be funded at $5.8 billion, $649 million
more than the request; the FY1999 amount was $5.1 billion.
! Adult Education would be funded at $470 million, $105 million less than
requested; the FY1999 amount was $385 million.
! Pell Grants would receive $7.7 billion, $237 million more than requested; the
FY1999 amount was $7.7 billion as well. The maximum award would be
increased to $3,300, $175 above the FY1999 amount.
! The Fund for the Improvement of Education (FIE) would receive $250 million,
$110 million more than requested; the FY1999 amount was $139 million. The
FY2000 amount includes $50 million for comprehensive school reform grants
(increased from $25 million in FY1999) and $45 million for a Small Schools
Initiative.
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations. Many of the larger ED
programs have either authorization or appropriation provisions that allow funding
flexibility for school program years that differ from the federal fiscal year. For
example, many of the elementary and secondary education formula grant programs
receive funding through appropriations that become available for obligation to the
states on July 1 of the same year as the appropriations, and remain available through
the end of the following fiscal year. That is, FY2000 appropriations for some
programs will become available for obligation to the states on July 1, 2000, and will
remain available for a 15-month period until September 30, 2001. This budgetary
procedure is popularly known as “forward” or “multi-year” funding, and is
accomplished through funding provisions in the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill.
Forward funding in the case of elementary and secondary education programs
was designed to allow additional time for school officials to develop budgets in
advance of the beginning of the school year. For Pell Grants, however, aggregate
program costs for individual students applying for assistance cannot be known with
certainty ahead of time. Appropriations from one fiscal year primarily support Pell
Grants during the following academic year, that is, the FY2000 appropriation
supports the 2000-2001 academic year. Unlike forward funded programs, however,

CRS-33
the funds remain available for obligation for 2 full fiscal years. Thus, if cost estimates
turn out to be too low, funds may be borrowed from the following year’s
appropriations, or conversely, if the estimates are too high, the surplus may be
obligated during the following year.
An advance appropriation occurs when the appropriations are provided for a
fiscal year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act was enacted. In the
case of FY2000 appropriations, funds would normally become available October 1,
1999, under regular funding provisions, but would not become available until July 1,
2000, under the forward funding provisions discussed above. However, if the July 1,
2000 forward funding date were to be postponed for obligation by 3 months, until
October 1, 2000, the appropriation would be classified as an “advance appropriation”
since the funds would become available only in the next fiscal year (FY2001). For
Title I Basic Grants to LEAs, the FY1998 appropriation of $6.2 billion was split —
$4.8 billion of forward funding, and $1.4 billion as an advance appropriation. For
FY1999, $6.5 billion was split so that $1.5 billion was for forward funding and $5.0
billion was an advance appropriation. The FY2000 appropriation under P.L. 106-113
is $6.7 billion for Title I Basic Grants to LEAs, with forward funding of $1.7 billion,
plus an advance appropriation of $5.0 billion in forward funding, for an overall
increase of $0.2 billion.
What is the impact of these changes in funding provisions? At the program or
service level, relatively little is changed by the 3-month delay in the availability of
funds, since most expenditures for a standard school year occur after October 1. At
the appropriations level, however, a significant technical difference occurs because
forward funding is counted as part of the current fiscal year, and is therefore fully
included in the current 302(b) allocation for discretionary appropriations. Under
federal budget scorekeeping rules, an advance appropriation is not counted in the
302(b) allocation until the following year. In essence, a 3-month change from
forward funding to an advance appropriation for part or all of the annual
appropriations for a given program allows a one-time shift from the current year to
the next year in the scoring of discretionary appropriations.6
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief IB10029, Education for the Disadvantaged: ESEA Title I
Reauthorization Issues, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Issue Brief 98013, Elementary and Secondary Education Block Grant
Proposals in the 106th Congress, by Wayne C. Riddle and Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Issue Brief 98047, Elementary and Secondary: Reconsideration of the Federal
Role by the 106th Congress, by Wayne Riddle, et al.
CRS Issue Brief 98035, School Choice: Current Legislation, by Wayne Riddle and
James Stedman.
6 For additional information on budget enforcement procedures, see CRS Report 98-720,
Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

CRS-34
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30106, Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, Title II of the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998, P.L. 105-220, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RS20156, Elementary and Secondary School Teachers: Action by the
106th Congress, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report RL30128, Elementary and Secondary School Teachers: Selected
Federal Programs and Issues, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report 98-676, Federal Elementary and Secondary Programs: Ed-Flex and
Other Forms of Flexibility, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report 95-502, Goals 2000: Educate America Act Implementation Status and
Issues, by James B. Stedman and Wayne C. Riddle.
CRS Report RL30075, Impact Aid: Overview and Reauthorization Issues, by
Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report RL30103, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Department of
Education Final Regulations, by Nancy Lee Jones and Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 97-433, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Full Funding of
State Formula, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 96-178, Information Technology and Elementary and Secondary
Education: Current Status and Federal Support, by James B. Stedman.
CRS Report 94-224, Rehabilitation Act: Major Programs, 105th Congress
Legislation, and Funding, by Carol V. O’Shaughnessy and Alice D. Butler.
CRS Report 97-760, The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Program,
by Cecilia Oregón Echeverría.
CRS Report 97-541, School-to-Work Opportunities Act, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report 98-969, Technology Challenge Programs in the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act, by Patricia Osorio-O’Dea.
CRS Report 98-957, TRIO and GEAR UP Programs: Provisions and Status, by
James B. Stedman.
Selected World Wide Web Sites.
U.S. Department of Education Home Page
[http://www.ed.gov/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/budget.html]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget00/]
[http://www.ed.gov/offices/OUS/Budget00/BudgetSumm/]
[http://www.ed.gov/Speeches/03-1999/00budtst.html]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 10 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of ED.

CRS-35
Table 10. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Education Reform, Goals
491
491
0
494
491
2000: Educate America Act
—School-to-Work
125
55
0
55
55
Opportunities
—Educational Technology
698
801
500
707
769
—21st Century Community
200
600
300
400
454
Learning Centers
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
—Title I Education for the
Disadvantaged, Grants to
7,732
7,996
7,732
8,052
7,941
LEAs
—Education for the
695
748
686
699
760
Disadvantaged, Other
—Impact Aid
864
736
907
892
911
—School Improvement (SI),
335
335
0
335
335
Professional Development
—SI, Innovative Program
375
0
385
375
380
Strategies
—SI, Class Size Reduction,
Teacher Empowerment or
1,200
1,400
1,800
1,200
1,300
Assistance Initiative
—SI, Safe and Drug-Free
566
591
566
636
606
Schools
—SI, Magnet Schools
104
114
104
112
110
Other School Improvement
231
283
260
304
296
Reading Excellence Act
260
286
200
285
260
Indian Education
66
77
66
77
77
Bilingual and Immigrant
380
415
380
394
400
Education
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
—Special Education, State
5,055
5,106
5,555
5,755
5,755
Grants b
—Special Education,
279
343
278
281
282
National Activities
—Vocational Rehabilitation
2,304
2,339
2,339
2,339
2,339
State Grants (mandatory)
—Rehabilitation Services,
348
378
348
354
369
Other
Special Institutions for
138
142
143
144
144
Persons With Disabilities
Office of Vocational and Adult Education
Vocational Education
1,154
1,163
1,204
1,170
1,193
Adult Education
358
575
378
488
470
Incarcerated Youth
17
12
0
19
19
Offenders

CRS-36
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Student Financial Assistance
—Pell Grants c
7,704
7,463
7,620
7,778
7,700
—Supplemental Educational
619
631
629
631
631
Opportunity Grants
—Federal Work-Study
870
934
880
934
934
—Federal Perkins Loans,
100
100
100
100
100
Capital Contributions
—Federal Perkins Loans,
30
30
30
30
30
Loan Cancellations
— Leveraging Educational
Assistance Partnership
25
25
0
75
40
(LEAP)
Federal Family Education
46
48
46
48
48
Loans, Administration
Higher Education, Aid for
260
294
260
286
293
Institutional Development
—Federal TRIO Programs
600
630
660
630
645
—GEAR UP
120
240
0
180
200
—Other Higher Education
313
415
232
311
396
Howard University
214
219
219
219
219
College Housing and
Academic Facilities Loans,
1
1
1
1
1
Administration
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
—Research and Statistics
252
320
253
258
277
—Fund for the Improvement
139
140
76
40
250
of Education
—Other Research and
66
80
62
71
70
Improvement
Departmental Management
462
493
459
475
488
TOTALS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Total Appropriations d
35,615
37,051
35,660
37,633
38,042
—Current Year: FY2000
29,410
28,977
20,878
26,221
25,594
—FY2001
6,205
8,073
14,782
11,412
12,448
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 2037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
b The FY1999 appropriation for Special Education State Grants included an advance appropriation
of $210 million from previous legislation.
c The ED Budget Service indicates that surplus funds available from prior years would be used to
boost spending for Pell Grants to $7.9 billion in FY2000.
d Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

CRS-37
Related Agencies
Discretionary appropriations for the L-HHS-ED Related Agencies are shown in
Table 11, including the FY2000 budget proposal, the amounts in the House, Senate,
and conference bills, and the FY1999 enacted amount. Because appropriations may
consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, two summary
measures are used. Program level reflects only the appropriations in the current bill,
regardless of the year that they will be spent; it includes advances in the current bill
for future years (also shown separately in the table). Budget authority represents
(a) appropriations in the current bill for the current year, plus (b) appropriations for
the current year that were enacted in prior years (shown separately in the table, as
well). Budget authority is similar to the amount counted for the 302(b) allocations
ceilings. A discussion of advance appropriations as they relate to 302(b) allocations
may be found in the U.S. Department of Education section (see page 32).
Table 11. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions) a
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Type of funding
final b
request
House
Senate
conference
Program level (from the
$7.8
$8.3
$7.9
$8.2
$8.2
current bill for any year)
Budget authority (for
7.8
8.2
7.9
8.1
8.1
current year from any bill)
Advances for future years
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
(from the current bill)
Advances from prior years
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
(from previous bills)
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The amounts shown are for discretionary programs funded by the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill;
mandatory programs funded through the L-HHS-ED bill and other laws are not included.
b The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
Mandatory programs for related agencies included in the L-HHS-ED bill were
funded at $30.0 billion in FY1999, of which $29.2 billion was for the SSI program
and $0.5 billion was for Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2000 budget for related agencies
includes increases in discretionary spending of more than $100 million for the
following.

CRS-38
! $163 million additional is proposed for the SSA Limitation on Administrative
Expenses.
! An increase of $117 million is requested for discretionary activities related to
the SSI program.
Smaller increases are proposed for Domestic Volunteer Service programs ($23
million); the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), including the CPB
Digitalization program ($10 million and $5 million, respectively); and the National
Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ($26 million).
Reductions are requested for several related agencies programs, including the
Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) ($11 million).
House Bill. At the Committee level, the House bill does not accept all of the
funding changes proposed in the President’s FY2000 budget. The House proposal
would provide $136 million less than requested by the President for the SSA
Limitation on Administrative Expenses. It would also fund SSI discretionary
activities at $89 million less than requested, Domestic Volunteer Service at $25
million less than requested, and the NLRB at $35 million less than requested.
Senate Bill. As passed, the Senate bill differs from the House proposal with
regard to several programs. The SSA Limitation on Administrative Expenses would
be funded at $4.2 billion, $115 million more than the House amount and $142 million
more than the FY1999 level. Discretionary SSI activities would receive $78 million
more than under the House provision and $28 million more than the FY1999 amount.
The NLRB would receive $210 million, the same as the request and $35 million more
than the House provision; the FY1999 amount was $184 million.
Conference Report. The conference bill provides funding for related agency
programs similar to those in the President’s FY2000 budget request, with the
following exceptions.
! The bill would provide $2.4 billion for discretionary SSI activities, $61 million
less than the request but $56 million more than the FY1999 amount.
! The bill would provide $4.2 billion for the SSA Limitation on Administrative
Expenses, $48 million less than the request but $115 million more than the
FY1999 amount.
For Additional Reading
CRS Issue Briefs.
CRS Issue Brief 95063, Public Broadcasting: Issues in the 106th Congress, by
Bernevia McCalip.

CRS-39
CRS Reports.
CRS Report RL30186, Community Service: A Description of AmeriCorps, Foster
Grandparents, and Other Federally Funded Programs, by Ann Lordeman.
CRS Report 97-646, Federal Aid to Libraries: The Library Services and
Technology Act, by Wayne C. Riddle.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RS20165, Social Security “Lock Box”, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report 94-486, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A Fact Sheet, by Carmen
Solomon-Fears.
CRS Report RS20019, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): Fraud Reduction and
Overpayment Recovery, by Carmen Solomon-Fears.
CRS Electronic Briefing Book.
Social Security Briefing Book
[http://www.congress.gov/brbk/html/ebssc1.html]
Selected World Wide Web Sites.7
Armed Forces Retirement Home
[http://www.afrh.com]
Corporation for National and Community Service
[http://www.cns.gov]
[http://www.cns.gov/news/1999_02_01.html]
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
[http://www.cpb.org]
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
[http://www.fmcs.gov]
Institute of Museum and Library Services
[http://www.imls.gov/]
[http://www.imls.gov/whatsnew/leg/031899.htm]
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
[http://www.medpac.gov/]
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
[http://www.nclis.gov/]
National Council on Disability
[http://www.ncd.gov/]
7 Not all of the L-HHS-ED related agencies have web sites, and not all web sites include
FY2000 budget information.

CRS-40
National Education Goals Panel
[http://www.negp.gov/]
National Labor Relations Board
[http://www.nlrb.gov]
[http://www.nlrb.gov/press/fy2000_truesdale.html]
Railroad Retirement Board
[http://www.rrb.gov]
[http://www.rrb.gov/FY2000chair.html]
Social Security Administration
[http://www.ssa.gov]
[http://www.ssa.gov/budget/2000bud.htm]
United States Institute of Peace
[http://www.usip.org]
Detailed Appropriation Table
Table 12 shows the appropriation details for offices and major programs of the
L-HHS-ED related agencies.

CRS-41
Table 12. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations
($ in millions)
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Armed Services Retirement
71
68
68
— b
68
Home
Corporation for National and Community Service: Domestic Volunteer Service Act Programs c
—Volunteers in Service to
73
81
73
81
81
America (VISTA)
—National Senior Volunteer
174
185
173
183
184
Corps
—Program Administration
30
34
29
29
31
Domestic Volunteer Service
277
300
275
293
296
subtotal
Corporation for Public
Broadcasting (CPB), 2-Year
340
350
340
350
350
Advance
CPB Digitalization d
15
20
10
0
10
CPB Satellite Replacement
Supplemental e
48
0
0
0
0
Federal Mediation and
35
37
35
37
37
Conciliation Service
Federal Mine Safety and
6
6
6
6
6
Health Review Committee
Institute of Museum and
166
155
150
155
167
Library Services
Medicare Payment Advisory
7
7
7
7
7
Commission
National Commission on
Libraries and Information
1
1
1
1
1
Science
National Council on
2
2
2
2
2
Disability
National Education Goals
2
2
2
2
2
Panel
National Labor Relations
184
210
175
210
207
Board
National Mediation Board
8
9
8
9
9
Occupational Safety and
8
9
8
9
9
Health Review Commission
Railroad Retirement Board
Dual Benefits Payments
178
165
165
165
164
(mandatory)
Railroad Retirement Board
Limitation on
96
92
95
95
96
Administration

CRS-42
FY1999
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
FY2000
Office or major program
final a
request
House
Senate
conference
Social Security Administration (SSA)
—SSA, Special Benefits for
Disabled Coal Minors
528
508
508
508
508
(mandatory)
—SSA, Supplemental
Security Income (SSI)
29,231
29,250
29,250
29,251
29,251
(mandatory)
—SSA, Supplemental
2,366
2,483
2,394
2,472
2,422
Security Income (SSI), Other
—SSA, Federal Funds,
20
21
21
21
21
Other (mandatory)
—SSA, Limitation on
4,060
4,223
4,087
4,202
4,175
Administrative Expenses
—SSA, Office of Inspector
56
66
55
66
66
General
SSA subtotal
36,261
36,551
36,316
36,520
36,443
United States Institute for
12
13
12
13
13
Peace
TOTALS, RELATED AGENCIES
Total Appropriations f
37,718
37,997
37,675
37,874
37,887
—Current Year: FY2000
27,669
27,633
27,321
27,430
27,523
—FY2001
9,708
10,014
10,014
10,014
10,014
—FY2002
340
350
340
350
350
Source: Amounts are compiled from the H.R. 3194 conference report, H.Rept. 106-479.
Note: The FY2000 conference amounts do not show a 0.38% general discretionary fund reduction.
FY2000 amounts reflect H.R. 3037, as reported (House); S. 1650, as passed (Senate); and H.R. 3424
(H.R. 3194 conference).
a The FY1999 amounts are based on P.L. 105-277 and P.L. 106-31.
b Funds would have been provided through the FY2000 Department of Defense Appropriations Act.
c Funds are provided for Domestic Volunteer Service Act programs only; the Corporation for
National and Community Service also receives funds from the Veterans Affairs and Housing and
Urban Development appropriations bill for AmeriCorps Grants and other programs under the
National Community Service Act.
d The FY1999 appropriation was contingent on the enactment of a specific authorization by
September 30, 1999 (which did not occur); the FY2000 funds would require specific authorization
by September 30, 2000.
e The P.L. 106-31 supplemental provided $48 million for CPB satellite replacement, $31 million for
use in FY1999 and $18 million for use in FY2000.
f Appropriation totals include discretionary and mandatory funds, and may be subject to additional
scorekeeping and other adjustments.

CRS-43
Related Legislative Activity
Several legislative items related to L-HHS-ED appropriations have been
considered by the 1st Session of the 106th Congress, including supplemental
appropriations for FY1999 and the congressional budget resolution for FY2000.
P.L. 106-31, H.R. 1141/S. 544. 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations
Act.8 Among the L-HHS-ED provisions, a supplemental appropriation of $100
million was provided for the DHHS Refugee and Entrant Assistance for the temporary
relief of displaced Kosovar Albanians, $1.0 million for DHHS Nursing Home Appeals,
$56.4 million for ED ESEA Title I Concentration Grants, and $48.0 million for the
CPB to enable National Public Radio to obtain replacement satellite services.
Rescissions to appropriations already enacted for other programs were made to offset
some of the supplemental appropriations, including a reduction of $22.4 million from
the DOL Unemployment Insurance program, $2.8 million from the DHHS Federal
Capital Loan Program for Nursing, and $6.5 million from the ED Office of
Educational Research and Improvement. Section 3031 amended the Social Security
Act to prohibit treating any funds recovered from tobacco companies by the states as
an overpayment for the purposes of Medicaid, and permits states to spend any
settlement funds without restriction. Title V (“Technical Corrections”) of P.L. 106-
31 made a series of amendments to the FY1999 appropriations language, including
13 amendments to L-HHS-ED appropriations provided by P.L. 105-277. H.R. 1141
(H.Rept. 106-64) passed the House March 24, 1999. S. 544 (S.Rept. 106-8) was
amended and passed by the Senate on March 23; subsequently, its text was
incorporated into H.R. 1141 as an amendment and was passed by the Senate on
March 25, 1999. Conference report (H.Rept. 106-143) was passed by the House on
May 18 (roll call #133, 269-158), and by the Senate May 20 (roll call #136, 64-36).
As amended, H.R. 1141 was signed into law by the President May 21, 1999.
P.L. 106-62, H.J.Res. 68. The First FY2000 Continuing Resolution provides
appropriations on a temporary basis for most ongoing L-HHS-ED projects and
activities, including the costs of direct loans and loan guarantees, for the period
October 1 through October 21, 1999, unless a regular FY2000 L-HHS-ED
appropriations bill is enacted sooner.9 Funding is provided at a rate of operations not
exceeding the “current rate,” under FY1999 conditions and program authority.10 New
initiatives are prohibited. For programs with high spend out rates that normally would
8 For a summary of provisions, see CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for
FY1999: Central America Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry
Nowels.
9 For background on continuing resolutions, see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Resent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
10 The term “current rate” as used in a continuing resolution refers to the amount of money
available for an activity during the previous fiscal year. This amount usually means the
appropriation for the previous year with adjustments for any supplemental appropriations,
rescissions, unobligated balances, and sometimes for advance appropriations provisions as
well. As a result, the current rate does not necessarily correspond to the FY1999 amounts
stated in this report.

CRS-44
occur early in the fiscal year, special restrictions are made to prevent spending that
would impinge on final funding decisions. The House and Senate reported versions
of the FY2000 L-HHS-ED appropriations “shall be deemed to have passed the House
and Senate respectively” as of October 1, 1999, for purposes of the continuing
resolution. H.J.Res. 68 passed the House by a vote of 421 to 2, 1 present, on
September 28, 1999; it passed the Senate by a vote of 98 to 1 on the same day.
H.J.Res. 68 was signed into law by the President September 30, 1998.
P.L. 106-75, H.J.Res. 71. The Second FY2000 Continuing Resolution
extends the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through October 29,
1999. H.J.Res. 71 passed the House by a vote of 421 to 5 (roll call #510) and the
Senate by voice vote on October 19, 1999. H.J.Res. 71 was signed into law by the
President October 21, 1999.
P.L. 106-85, H.J.Res. 73. The Third FY2000 Continuing Resolution extends
the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through November 5, 1999.
H.J.Res. 73 passed the House by a vote of 424 to 2 (roll call #546) and the Senate by
unanimous consent on October 18, 1999. H.J.Res. 73 was signed into law by the
President October 29, 1999.
P.L. 106-88, H.J.Res. 75. The Fourth FY2000 Continuing Resolution
extends the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through November 10,
1999. H.J.Res. 75 passed the House by a vote of 417 to 6 (roll call #565) and the
Senate by unanimous consent on November 4, 1999. H.J.Res. 75 was signed into law
by the President November 5, 1999.
P.L. 106-94, H.J.Res. 78. The Fifth FY2000 Continuing Resolution extends
the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through November 17, 1999.
H.J.Res. 78 passed the House by voice vote on November 9 and the Senate by
unanimous consent on November 10, 1999. H.J.Res. 78 was signed into law by the
President November 10, 1999.
P.L. 106-105, H.J.Res. 80. The Sixth FY2000 Continuing Resolution extends
the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through November 18, 1999.
H.J.Res. 80 passed the House by a vote of 403 to 8 (roll call #596) and the Senate by
unanimous consent on November 17, 1999. H.J.Res. 89 was signed into law by the
President November 18, 1999.
P.L. 106-106, H.J.Res. 83. The Seventh (Final) FY2000 Continuing
Resolution extends the provisions of P.L. 106-62 to the period October 1 through
the date of enactment of regular appropriations or December 2, 1999, whichever
occurs first. H.J.Res. 83 passed the House by voice vote and the Senate by
unanimous consent on November 18, 1999. H.J.Res. 83 was signed into law by the
President November 19, 1999.

CRS-45
H.Con.Res. 68/S.Con.Res. 20. The FY2000 concurrent resolution on the
budget sets annual levels for the federal budget through FY2009.11 The resolution
establishes the aggregate discretionary spending limit for the 13 regular appropriations
bills, known as the 302(a) allocation, and specifies the budget reconciliation process
for the modification of mandatory spending limits, if necessary. The resolution sets
spending targets for functional categories of the budget, and contains “sense of the
Congress” provisions. Report language indicates the funding assumptions made for
selected programs that might be used to reach the spending targets. However, the
final spending figures at the program level are left for appropriations bills.
H.Con.Res. 68 (H.Rept. 106-73) was amended and passed by the House, March 25,
1999. S.Con.Res. 20 (S.Rept. 106-27) was amended and incorporated in H.Con.Res.
68 as an amendment, and passed the Senate March 25, 1999. A conference report
(H.Rept. 106-91) was agreed to by the House April 14, and by the Senate April 15,
1999.
Action on FY1999 Appropriations in the 105th Congress. During the 105th
Congress, most L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY1999 were provided by P.L. 105-
277, the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act,
1999, which was signed into law by the President on October 21, 1998 (H.R. 4274,
conference report H.Rept. 105-825). P.L. 105-277 included supplemental funding for
a few specific DOL and DHHS programs.12 Other legislation in the 105th Congress
that was related to the FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations included the following:
! The Congress did not reach final agreement on the FY1999 congressional
budget resolutions; H.Con.Res. 284 (H.Rept. 105-555) and S.Con.Res. 86
(S.Rept. 105-170) passed their respective chambers, but a conference report
was never issued.
! Six continuing resolutions provided temporary FY1999 funding for L-HHS-
ED programs prior to enactment of P.L. 105-277 (P.L. 105-128 P.L. 105-249,
P.L. 105-254, P.L. 105-257, P.L. 105-260, and P.L. 105-273).
11 For additional information, see CRS Issue Brief IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year
2000, by Philip D. Winters.
12 For additional information, see CRS Report RL30056, Appropriations Supplemental for
FY1999: Emergency Funding in P.L. 105-277 for Agriculture, Embassy Security, Y2K
Problems, Defense, and Other Issues, by Larry Nowels, Coordinator.

CRS-46
Appendix A: Terminology
Advance appropriation13 is budget authority that will become available in a fiscal
year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted; the entire
amount is counted under scorekeeping procedures in the fiscal year it first becomes
available.
Appropriation is budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations
and to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriations
represent the amounts that agencies may obligate during the period of time specified
in the law. Annual appropriations are provided in appropriations acts; most
permanent appropriations are provided in substantive law. Major types of
appropriations are regular, supplemental, and continuing.
Budget authority is legal authority to incur financial obligations that normally result
in the outlay of federal government funds. Major types of budget authority are
appropriations, borrowing authority, and contract authority. Budget authority also
includes the subsidy cost of direct and guaranteed loans, but excludes the portion of
loans that is not subsidized.
Budget resolution is a concurrent resolution passed by both Houses of Congress, but
not requiring the signature of the President, setting forth the congressional budget for
at least 5 fiscal years. It includes various budget totals and functional allocations.
Discretionary spending is budget authority provided in annual appropriation acts,
other than appropriated entitlements.
Entitlement authority is the authority to make payments to persons, businesses, or
governments that meet the eligibility criteria established by law; as such, it represents
a legally binding obligation on the part of the federal government. Entitlement
authority may be funded by either annual or permanent appropriation acts.
Forward funding is budget authority that becomes available after the beginning of
one fiscal year and remains available into the next fiscal year; the entire amount is
counted or scored in the fiscal year it first becomes available.
Mandatory (direct) spending includes: (a) budget authority provided in laws other
than appropriations; (b) entitlement authority; and (c) the Food Stamp program.
Rescission is the cancellation of budget authority previously enacted.
Scorekeeping is a set of procedures for tracking and reporting on the status of
congressional budgetary actions.
Supplemental appropriation is budget authority provided in an appropriations act
in addition to regular appropriations already provided.
13 These definitions are based on CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget
Process, by Robert Keith and Allen Schick.

CRS-47
Appendix B: Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
The total budget authority for programs in all federal departments and agencies
is estimated to be $1,770.1 billion in FY1999, as shown in Table B.1. Of this
amount, $872.8 billion is the estimated total for the departments and related agencies
represented in the L-HHS-ED bill, or 49.3% of all federal budget authority.
Table B.1. Scope of the L-HHS-ED Bill
(Estimated FY1999 budget authority in billions of dollars) a
Estimated
Percent of
Budget category
amount
federal budget
Total Federal Budget Authority
$1,770.1
100.0%
U.S. Department of Labor
36.6
2.1%
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
379.3
21.4%
U.S. Department of Education
34.3
1.9%
Social Security Administration (On-budget)
41.1
2.3%
Social Security Administration (Off-budget)
380.1
21.5%
Other Related Agencies
1.4
0.1%
L-HHS-ED Agency Total
872.8
49.3%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Total Current Year Funds
291.9
16.5%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Mandatory Funds
208.6
11.8%
L-HHS-ED Bill, Current Year Discretionary Funds
83.3
4.7%
Total Federal Discretionary Funds
575.0
32.5%
Source: Budget of the United States Government Historical Tables Fiscal Year 2000, table 5.2,
Budget of the United States Government, table S-9; and the conference report H.Rept. 105-825,
which provides details for the FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations under P.L. 105-277.
Note: For data comparability, the FY1999 appropriations in this table are based on the February
1999 OMB budget documents and the October 1998 conference report; the data therefore do not
include adjustments for funding enacted through the P.L. 106-31 FY1999 supplemental
appropriations.
The estimated L-HHS-ED FY1999 appropriation was $291.9 billion in current
year funds — $83.3 billion in discretionary funds and $208.6 billion in mandatory
funds. The L-HHS-ED appropriations Committees generally have effective control
only over the discretionary funds, which currently constitute approximately 4.7% of
the aggregate budget authority for all federal departments and agencies, and 9.5% of
the total budget authority for L-HHS-ED departments and agencies.14 What accounts
14 The annual congressional budget resolution sets aggregate spending targets for budget
functions; House and Senate committees must initiate and report legislation that will achieve
(continued...)

CRS-48
for the remaining L-HHS-ED funds — the remaining 90.5% that are either non-
discretionary or are otherwise funded outside of the L-HHS-ED appropriation bill?
First, some DOL, DHHS, and ED programs receive automatic funding without
congressional intervention in the annual appropriations process; these programs
receive funds from permanent appropriations and trust funds instead. This process
accounts for the difference between the L-HHS-ED bill total of $291.9 billion and the
agency total of $872.8 billion in FY1999. The major programs in this group include
unemployment compensation, Medicare, railroad retirement, Temporary Assistance
for Needy Families (TANF, the welfare reform program), student loans, State
Children’s Health Insurance Program, and social security benefits.15
Second, mandatory programs account for the difference between the
L-HHS-ED total of $291.9 billion and the subtotal of $83.3 billion for discretionary
funds in FY1999. Although annual appropriations are made for these programs, in
general the amounts provided must be sufficient to cover program obligations and
entitlements to beneficiaries. For these programs, as well as the programs funded
through trust funds and permanent authorities, most changes in funding levels are
made through amendments to authorizing legislation rather than through
appropriation bills. Federal administrative costs for these programs typically are
subject to annual discretionary appropriations, however. These programs include
Supplemental Security Income, Black Lung payments, and the Social Services Block
Grant, as well as general (non-earmarked) fund support for Medicare and Medicaid.
Finally, a few DHHS programs are funded in other appropriations bills.
! The Food and Drug Administration is funded by Agriculture appropriations.
! The Indian Health Service is funded in the Interior bill.
! The Office of Consumer Affairs is funded in the Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development (VA/HUD) appropriations bill.
In addition, the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS), one of the
related agencies programs, receives funds from both (a) the L-HHS-ED bill for
programs authorized under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, and (b) the
VA/HUD bill for AmeriCorps and other programs authorized by the National
Community Service Act.
14 (...continued)
these targets. Typically, appropriation committees develop proposals to meet discretionary
spending levels through appropriation bills. Likewise, authorizing committees develop
proposals to meet mandatory spending levels; these proposals are often reported by separate
authorizing committees and combined into a single, omnibus reconciliation bill.
15 The Social Security Administration (SSA) was separated from DHHS and established as
an independent federal agency on March 31, 1995. Within the L-HHS-ED bill, however, the
SSA merely was transferred from DHHS to the status of “related agency.” The operation of
the social security trust funds is considered off-budget. Of the $872.8 billion total for
L-HHS-ED departments and agencies in FY1999, the SSA accounted for $421.2 billion, or
48.3% of the total. The SSA amount represents $41.1 billion for designated on-budget
activities and $380.1 billion for off-budget activities.