Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview

Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview

Order Code RL30200
CRS Report for Congress
Received through the CRS Web
Appropriations for FY2000:
An Overview
Updated February 29, 2000
Mary Frances Bley
Information Research Specialist
Information Research Division
Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Appropriations are one part of a complex congressional budget process that includes budget
resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) measures, rescissions, and
budget reconciliation bills. Fiscal year (FY) 2000 covers October 1, 1999-September 30,
2000. The process begins with the President’s budget request and is bound by the rules of the
House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (as
amended), the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program authorizations.
This report is a guide to CRS reports that provide analytical perspectives on the 13 annual
FY2000 appropriations bills, supplementals, a budget chronology, and other related
appropriation measures. For a detailed explanation or description of the budget and
appropriations processes, please see the suggested reading list at the end of this report.
This report is updated as soon as possible after major legislative developments, especially
following legislative action in the committees and on the floor of the House and Senate.
NOTE: Congressional staff may access an Internet version of this document with active
links to CRS FY2000 appropriations analysis and votes at:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html].
Members of the public may be referred to the THOMAS Current Status of FY2000
Appropriations Bills Page at [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html].

Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview
Summary
This report provides an overview of Congressional Research Service (CRS)
products on the FY2000 appropriations and summarizes selected action on regular,
supplemental, and continuing appropriations.
The Report on the Government-Wide Rescissions in the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2000 (P.L 106–113) is located in the Analytical Perspectives,
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001 (p. 377-97). In addition,
see CRS Report RL30443, The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000
Appropriations.
Sources of information about the President’s FY2000 supplemental requests
include a chapter in the Appendix, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal
Year 2001, the OMB Budget Amendments and Supplementals page,
[http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/amndsup.html], and the White House
“Recent Fact Sheets” section at:
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/WH/Publications/html/Publications.html].
FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act. On 11/29/99, the President signed
the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act, (P.L. 106-113, H.Rept. 106-479, H.R.
3194), covering the five remaining appropriation bills (District of Columbia,
Commerce-Justice-State-Judiciary, Foreign Operations, Interior, and Labor-HHS-
Education), the 0.38% across-the board cut in discretionary appropriations, offsets,
Medicare, milk prices, inventor protection, satellite television, and international debt.
Seven continuing resolutions were signed. Congressional staff may access the Act at:
[http://www.congress.gov/omni99/omni99.html].
CRS Products on the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act. For access
to CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference
Guide, and other CRS products relevant to provisions in the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, see: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/conbud.html].
FY2000 Appropriations and Continuing Resolutions. Congressional staff
have access to the CRS FY2000 Appropriations/Budget Product series and the Vote
Status Table at: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html].
Constituents interested in the FY2000 Appropriations may be referred to
THOMAS, the public version of the Library’s legislative Web site at:
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]. They can find specific
information on the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act at:
[http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni99/].
This report contains a list of relevant CRS products. Congressional offices can
either access these products by number from the “All CRS Products Page” at
[http://www.congress.gov/crsp/crspquery.html] or order paper copies by calling
the CRS Products Line at (202) 707-7132 with the number of the product. Members
of the public may receive CRS products through their Representative or Senator.

Contents
Most Recent Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Appropriation/Budget Internet Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Appropriations FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Appropriations (Consolidated FY2000): Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Appropriations (Consolidated FY2000): Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Appropriation Vetoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Budget Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Continuing Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Rescissions—0.38% Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Referrals for Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Votes and Budget Authority Amounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Votes for Appropriations, CRs, Supplementals, Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
CRS Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chronologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Continuing Resolutions(CR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Defense (National Security) Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
District of Columbia Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Energy and Water Development Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Foreign Operations Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Government Shutdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Interior Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Labor, Health and Human Services, Education Appropriations . . . . . . . . . 21
Legislative Branch Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Military Construction Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Numbers (Appropriations and Budget) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Process (Appropriations and Budget) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Rescissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Research and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Supplemental Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Transportation Appropriations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Treasury, Postal Service, President, Government Appropriations . . . . . . . 26
Veterans Affairs, HUD, and Independent Agencies Appropriations . . . . . 27
Vetoes (FY1977-FY1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
CRS Appropriations Coordinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appropriations Information on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Bills, Reports, Laws (Full-Text): FY1997-FY2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Budget Process Institutes (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Coordinators and Key Policy Staff (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Discretionary Appropriations (CBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Expiring Authorizations and Unauthorized Appropriations (CBO) . . . . . . 29
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Hearings, Committee Membership, Jurisdiction, Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation Bills . . . 30
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
302(b) Allocations and Revisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Veto Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Votes on Appropriations Legislation (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appropriations Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appropriations Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Discretionary vs. Mandatory (Direct) Spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Administration Appropriation Requests and Amounts Enacted . . . . . . . . . 36
List of Tables
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations and Continuing Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table 2. Votes: Supplementals (FY1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 3. Votes: Budget Resolution (FY2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 4. Budget Authority Appropriation Amounts as of 1/11/00 . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 5. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 6. Administration Requests and Amounts Enacted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Appropriations for FY2000: An Overview
Most Recent Developments
Appropriation/Budget Internet Sites
1) Three sources of information about the President’s FY2000 supplemental
requests include a chapter in the Appendix, Budget of the United States Government,
Fiscal Year 2001, the OMB Budget Amendments and Supplementals page,
[http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/amndsup.html], and the White House
“Recent Fact Sheets” section at:
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/WH/Publications/html/Publications.html]
2) The Report on the Government-Wide Rescissions in the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2000 (P.L 106–113) is located in Analytical Perspectives,
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001 (p. 377-97). Also see
CRS Report RL30443, The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000
Appropriations. A chapter on rescission proposals is also included in the Appendix,
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001. Other chapters cover the
Proposed Changes to 2000 Estimates, Amendments to and Revisions in Budget
Authority for 1999, and Advance Appropriations, Advance Funding, and Forward
Funding: [http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/app_down.html].
3) A CRS guide and access to the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act signed
by the President on 11/29/99 (P.L. 106-113, H.Rept. 106-479, H.R. 3194) is available
at: [http://www.congress.gov/omni99/omni99.html]. Constituents interested in this
Act may be referred to THOMAS: [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni99/].
4) The CRS Appropriations/Budget Page provides quick access to a CRS product
series covering each of the 13 appropriation bills, supplementals, and continuing
resolutions. Also included is an Appropriations Status Chart providing access to
appropriation votes, bills, reports, and public laws. Other access points include a
FY2000 budget chronology with active Internet links, an appropriations overview,
and a list of key CRS policy staff:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html].
5) CRS Budget Fact Sheets provide short explanations of budget concepts,
terminology, the congressional and executive budget process, budget resolutions and
reconciliation, the authorization and appropriations process, entitlements and
discretionary spending, the Budget Enforcement Act and sequestration, surplus/
deficits, and the debt limit.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/FactSheetMenu
NF.html#Budget Process].

CRS-2
6) Appropriations Legislation (Full-text access to public laws, conference and
committee reports, and bills):
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/appro.html].
Appropriations FY2000
By the beginning of FY2000 (10/1/99), eight individual appropriation bills had been
enacted (Agriculture, Defense, Energy and Commerce, Legislative Affairs, Military
Construction, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban
Development.) The five remaining regular appropriations acts (Commerce/Justice/
State, District of Columbia, Foreign Operations, Interior, and Labor/Health and
Human Services/Education), supplemental and emergency appropriations, a 0.38%
across-the-board spending cut, and other measures, were combined into the FY2000
Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-113). For more details, see:
[http://www.congress.gov/omni99/omni99.html].
Appropriations (Consolidated FY2000): Contents
The President signed the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 106-113,
H.R. 3194) on 11/29/99. This Act covers the District of Columbia appropriations, and
also enacts the following measures by cross-reference:
H.R. 3421, Commerce-Justice-State-Judiciary Appropriations;
H.R. 3422, Foreign Operations Appropriations;
H.R. 3423, Interior Appropriations;
H.R. 3424, Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations;
H.R. 3425, Miscellaneous Appropriations, which includes the 0.38% across-the board
cut in discretionary appropriations, emergency supplemental appropriations,
offsets and rescissions, the Canyon Ferry Reservoir in Montana, international
debt relief, survivor benefits, and miscellaneous provisions;
H.R. 3426, Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Amendments (Medicare);
H.R. 3427, State Department Authorizations;
H.R. 3428, Federal Milk Marketing Orders; and
S. 1948, Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act.
Appropriations (Consolidated FY2000): Reference Guide
CRS Report RS20403
[http://www.congress.gov/omni99/omni99.html]
[http://www.congress.gov/cgi-lis/web_fetch_doc?dataset=erp_prd.dst&db=rs
&doc_id=xRS20403]
Appropriation Vetoes
Four appropriation bills were vetoed, including Commerce/Justice/State (H.R. 2670,
10/25/99), the first Foreign Operations (H.R. 2606, 10/18/99), and the first and
second District of Columbia bills (H.R. 2587, 9/28/99) and (H.R. 3064, 11/3/99).
The second D.C. bill, H.R. 3064, also covered the Labor/Health and Human
Services/Education appropriations bill, congressional salaries, and a 0.97% across-
the-board rescission/spending cut. See also CRS Report RS20349, Annual
Appropriations Acts Vetoed by the President: FY1977-1999.

CRS-3
Budget Resolution
(H. Con. Res. 68, H. Rept. 106-91). On April 14, 1999, the House passed the budget
resolution conference report, 220-208 (vote #85), and the Senate agreed by a vote of
54-44 (vote #86) on April 15, 1999. The President does not sign budget resolutions.
For historical information on budget resolutions from FY1975-FY2000, see CRS
Report RL30297, Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and
Information Guide.

Budget Surplus
The FY1999 (October 1, 1998-September 30, 1999) budget surplus was $124.4
billion, following a FY1998 surplus of $69.2 billion, the first surplus in 30 years. The
FY1999 off-budget surplus (including the Social Security Trust Fund) was $124
billion, with an on-budget deficit of $1 billion. For more information see CRS
IB10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000.
[http://www.congress.gov/cgi-lis/web_fetch_doc?dataset=erp_prd.dst&db=ib
&doc_id=xIB10017]
The two major sources for federal budget information are the Congressional Budget
Office [http://www.cbo.gov/] and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/].
CBO Budget/Appropriation Reports
The following reports can be accessed through [www.cbo.gov]:
Unauthorized Appropriations and Expiring Authorizations
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1812&sequence=0&from=7]
The Long-Term Budget Outlook: An Update
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1806&sequence=0&from=7]
End-of-Session Summary
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1784&sequence=0&from=5]
Final Sequestration Report for Fiscal Year 2000
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1060&sequence=0&from=5]
Continuing Resolutions
Seven continuing resolutions became law (H.J.Res. 68, H.J.Res. 71, H.J.Res. 73,
H.J.Res.75, H.J.Res. 78, H.J.Res 80, and H.J.Res. 83), providing continued funding
from the beginning of FY2000 (10/1/99) through the end of the first session of the
106th Congress (11/29/99). For more details, see CRS Report RL30343: Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent Practices:
[http://www.congress.gov/cgi-lis/web_fetch_doc?dataset=erp_prd.dst&db=rl
&doc_id=xRL30343].
Also see the CRS Appropriations Status Table:
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html].
Rescissions—0.38% Cut
The Report on the Government-Wide Rescissions in the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2000 (P.L 106–113) is located in Chapter 21 (p. 377-97) of the
Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001,
[http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/maindown.html]. In addition, see
CRS Report RL30443, The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000
Appropriations.

CRS-4
Referrals for Constituents
Please refer constituents to the following Internet sites on THOMAS:
Appropriations Status Table [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]
FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni99/]
Major FY2000 legislation for the budget, appropriations, and continuing resolutions
[http://thomas.loc.gov/bss/d106/hot-titl.html].
Votes and Budget Authority Amounts
Votes for Appropriations, CRs, Supplementals, Budget
Table 1. Votes: Appropriations and Continuing Resolutions
For the most current appropriation votes, see the FY2000 Appropriations Bill Status Page at:
Congressional offices: [http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]
Public (THOMAS): [http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/legislative/appover.html]
vv = voice vote; uc = unanimous consent.

Appropriation Appropriation
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Public
Bill No.
Conference Report
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Law
House Senate
House Senate
House Senate House Senate
Consolidated
—
—
—
—
—
—
296-135
74-24
Appropriations
11/18/99
11/19/99
P.L.
(u)
106-113
H.R. 3194
Signed
H.Rept.
11/29/99
106-479
H.Rept. 106-479 (u)
See
Footnote
U
#7 (v)
—
—
—
—
vv
uc
—
—
Final
11/18/99
11/18/99
P.L.
Continuing
Resolution
106-106
CRS Report
Signed
RL30343
11/19/99
H.J.Res. 83
—
Extended
funding
through
12/2/99
(midnight)
#6
—
—
—
—
403-8
uc
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
11/17/99
11/17/99
Resolution
106-105
CRS Report
Signed
RL30343
11/18/99
H.J. Res. 80
—
Extended
funding
through
11/18/99

CRS-5
Appropriation Appropriation
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Public
Bill No.
Conference Report
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Law
House Senate
House Senate
House Senate House Senate
#5
—
—
—
—
vv
uc
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
11/9/99
11/10/99
106-94
Resolution
Signed
CRS Report
11/10/99
RL30343
—
Extended
H.J.Res. 78
funding
through
11/17/99
(midnight)
#4
—
—
—
—
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
417-6
uc
106-88
Resolution
11/4/99
11/4/99
Signed
CRS Report
11/5/99
RL30343
—
Extended
H.J.Res. 75
funding
through
11/10/99
(midnight)
#3
—
—
—
—
424-2
vv
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
10/28/99
10/28/99
106-85
Resolution
Signed
CRS Report
10/29/99
RL30343
Extended
H.J.Res. 73
—
funding
through
11/5/99
(midnight)
#2
—
—
—
—
421-2
vv
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
10/19/99
10/19/99
106-75
Resolution
Signed
CRS Report
10/21/99
RL30343
Extended
—
H.J.Res. 71
funding
through
10/29/99
(midnight)
#1
—
—
—
—
421-2
98-1
—
—
P.L.
Continuing
9/28/99
9/28/99
106-62
Resolution
Signed
CRS Report
9/30/99
RL30343
Extended
H.J.Res. 68
—
funding
through
10/21/99
(midnight)

CRS-6
Appropriation Appropriation
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Public
Bill No.
Conference Report
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Law
House Senate
House Senate
House Senate House Senate
vv
uc
vv
28-0
246-183
vv (a)
240-175
74-26
P.L.
Agriculture 5/13/99 6/15/99 5/19/99 6/17/99
6/8/99
8/4/99
10/1/99
10/13/99
106-78
CRS Report
RL30201
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
106-157
106-80
Conference
10/22/99
H.R. 1906
H. Rept. 106-354
S. 1233
9/30/99
Commerce
vv
vv
vv
28-0
217-210 9/8/99 (m) 215-213
uc
P.L.
Justice
7/22/99
6/9/99
7/30/99 6/10/99
8/5/99
10/20/99
10/20/99
106-113
State
Signed

11/29/99
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
106-283
106-76
H.R. 3421
in
CRS Report
H.R. 3194
RL30209
Conference
See
H.Rept. 106-398
Footnote
Vetoed (r)
U
10/18/99
H.R. 2670
S. 1217
Defense
uc
vv
vv
24-3
379-45
uc (b)
372-55
87-11
P. L.
CRS Report
7/12/99 5/24/99 7/16/99 5/25/99
7/22/99
7/28/99
10/13/99
10/14/99
RL30205
106-79
Signed
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
10/25/99
H.R. 2561
Conference
106-244
106-53
S. 1122
H.Rept. 106-371
10/8/99
3rd
—
—
—
—
216-210
uc
—
—
District of
11/3/99
11/3/99
P.L.
Columbia
106-113
CRS Report
Sent to
Signed
RL30213
conference
11/29/99
H.R. 3194
—
H.R. 3194
See
Footnote
U
2nd
—
—
—
—
424-2
49-48
(s)
District of
211-205
uc
10/28/99
11/2/99
Vetoed
Columbia
10/14/99
10/15/99
11/3/99
H.R. 3064
Conference
H.Rept. 106-419
10/27/99
uc
vv
28-0
333-92
uc (c)
208-206
52-39
Vetoed (p)
1st
—
7/14/99
7/20/99 6/24/99
7/29/99
8/2/99
9/9/99
9/16/99
9/28/99
District of
Columbia
H.Rept.
S. Rept.
H.R. 2587
106-249
106-88
S. 1283
Conference
H.Rept. 106-299
8/5/99

CRS-7
Appropriation Appropriation
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Public
Bill No.
Conference Report
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Law
House Senate
House Senate
House Senate House Senate
Energy/
vv
vv
vv
27-1
420-8
uc (d)
327-87
96-3
P.L.
Water
7/15/99 5/25/99 7/20/99 5/27/99
7/27/99
7/28/99
9/27/99
9/28/99
106-60
CRS Report
RL30207
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
106-253
106-58
Conference
9/29/99
H.R. 2605
H.Rept. 106-336
S. 1186
9/27/99
2nd
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
P.L.
Foreign
316-100
106-113
Operations
11/5/99
Signed
CRS Report
11/29/99
RL30211
H.R. 3422
H.R. 3196
—
in
H.R. 3194
See
Footnote
U
1st
vv
vv
28-0
385-35
uc (e)
214-211
51-49
Vetoed (q)
Foreign
—
10/18/99
7/14/99
7/20/99 6/17/99
8/3/99
8/4/99
10/5/99
10/6/99
Operations
CRS Report
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
RL30211
106-254
106-81
Conference
H.R. 2606
H.Rept. 106-339
S. 1234
9/27/99
Interior
vv
vv
vv
vv
377-47(f) 89-10 (n) 225-200
uc
P.L.
CRS Report
6/29/99 6/22/99
7/1/99
6/24/99
7/15/99
9/23/99
10/21/99
10/21/99
RL30206
106-113
Signed
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
11/29/99
106-222
106-99
H.R. 2466
H.R. 3423
S. 1292
in
(H.R. 2466
Conference
H.R. 3194
was not sent to
H.Rept. 106-406
the President)
See
(t)
Footnote
U
Labor/
8-6
32-36 19-0
—
73-25
P.L.
HHS/
9/23/99 9/27/99 9/30/99 9/28/99
10/7/99
424-2
49-48
106-113
Education
10/28/99
11/2/99
Signed
CRS Report
H.Rept.
S. Rept.
11/29/99
RL30203
106-370
106-166
H.R. 3424
Vetoed(s)
in

Conference
H.R. 3194
H.R. 3064
11/3/99
H.Rept. 106-419
H.R. 3037
H.R. 3064
See
S. 1650
10/27/99
Footnote
U

CRS-8
Appropriation Appropriation
Floor Vote/Date
Floor Vote/Date
Subcommittee
Committee
Committee Report
Public
Bill No.
Conference Report
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Law
House Senate
House Senate
House Senate House Senate
Legislative
vv
polled
vv
28-0
214-197 95-4 (h)
367-49
uc
P.L.
Branch
5/12/99 out (g) 5/20/99 6/10/99
6/10/99
6/16/99
8/5/99
8/5/99
106-57
CRS Report
RL30212
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
Conference
9/29/99
H.R. 1905
106-156
106-75
H.Rept. 106-290
S. 1206
8/4/99
Military
vv
polled
vv
28-0
418-4
uc (j)
412-8
uc
P.L.
Construc-
6/28/99 out (i)
7/1/99
6/10/99
7/13/99
7/14/99
7/29/99
8/3/99
106-52
tion
CRS Report
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
RL30210
106-221
106-74
8/17/99
Conference
H.R. 2465
H.Rept. 106-266
S. 1205
7/27/99
Transpor-
vv
vv
vv
27-1
429-3
95-0
304-91
88-3
P.L.
tation
5/27/99 5/25/99
6/8/99
5/27/99
6/23/99
9/16/99
10/1/99
10/4/99
106-69
CRS Report
RL30208
H.Rept.
S. Rept.
Signed
Conference
9/29/99
H.R. 2084
106-180
106-55
H. Rept. 106-355
S. 1143
9/30/99
Treasury
vv
polled
vv
28-0
210-209
uc (l)
292-126
54-38
P.L.
CRS Report
5/14/99 out (k) 7/13/99 6/8/99
7/15/99
7/19/99
9/15/99
9/16/99
106-58
RL30202
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
H.R. 2490
Conference
9/29/99
S. 1282
106-231
106-87
H.Rept. 106-319
9/14/99
VA/HUD
vv
vv
vv
uc
235-187
vv (o)
406-18
93-5
P.L.
CRS Report
7/26/99 9/15/99 7/30/99 9/16/99
9/9/99
9/24/99
10/14/99
10/15/99
106-74
RL30204
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
Signed
H.R. 2684
106-161
Conference
10/20/99
S. 1596
106-286
H.Rept. 106-379
10/13/99
vv = voice vote; uc= unanimous consent.
a. On August 4, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its agriculture appropriations bill (S. 1233,
August 4, voice vote) and passed H.R. 1906, after striking all after the enacting clause and substituting the
language of S. 1233. See Congressional Record, August 5, 1999, page S10214.
b. On July 28, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its own defense appropriations bill (S. 1122, June
8, 1999, vote #158, 93-4), and passed H.R. 2561 after striking all after the enacting clause and inserting the
text of S. 1122. See the Congressional Record, July 28, 1999, page S9640.
c. On August 2, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its D.C. appropriations bill (S. 1283, July 1,
1999, voice vote), and passed H.R. 2587, after striking all after the enacting clause and substituting the
language of S. 1283. See the Congressional Record, August 2, 1999, page D907.
d. On July 28, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its own energy and water appropriations bill (S.
1186, June 16, 1999, vote #172, 97-2), and passed H.R. 2605 after striking all after the enacting clause and
inserting the text of S. 1186. See the Congressional Record July 28, 1999, page S9650.
e. On August 4, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its foreign operations appropriations bill (S. 1234,
June 30, 1999, vote #192, 97-2), and passed H.R. 2606 by unanimous consent, after striking all after the
enacting clause and substituting the language of S. 1234. See the Congressional Record, August 5, 1999, page
S10214.

CRS-9
f. H.R. 2466 passed at 12:15 a.m. on July 15, 1999. However, this vote (#296) is located in the July 14, 1999
Congressional Record on page H5568.
g. The subcommittee was polled, and the measure was sent to the full Appropriations committee.
h. On June 16, 1999, the Senate passed H.R. 1905, the legislative branch appropriations bill, after striking
certain provisions of the House bill and inserting the text of S. 1206, as amended by the Senate. See the
Congressional Record, June 16, 1999, page S7117.
i. The subcommittee was polled, and the measure was sent to the full Appropriations committee.
j. On July 14, 1999, the Senate vitiated passage of its own military construction appropriations bill (S. 1205,
June 16, 1999, vote #168, 97-2) and passed H.R. 2465 after striking all after the enacting clause and
substituting the language of S. 1205. See the Congressional Record, July 14, 1999, page S8504.
k. The subcommittee was polled, and the measure was sent to the full Appropriations committee.
l. On July 19, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its own treasury appropriations bill (S. 1282, July
1, 1999, voice vote), and passed H.R. 2490, after striking all after the enacting clause and substituting the
language of S. 1282. See the Congressional Record, July 19, 1999, page S8811.
m. On September 8, 1999, the Senate vitiated previous passage of its commerce/justice/state appropriations
bill (S. 1217, July 22, 1999, voice vote) and passed H.R. 2670, after striking all after the enacting clause and
substituting the language of S. 1217. See the Congressional Record, September 8, 1999, p. S10540.
n. On September 23, 1999, the Senate passed the interior appropriations bill (H.R. 2466), as amended. See
the Congressional Record, September 23, 1999, pages S11329-45.
o. On September 22, 1999, the Senate struck certain provisions of H.R. 2684 and inserted in lieu thereof the
text of S. 1596. See Congressional Record, September 22, 1999, page S11201. On September 24, 1999, the
Senate passed H.R. 2684, as amended. See Congressional Record, September 24, 1999, page S11491.
p. On 9/28/99, President Clinton vetoed the District of Columbia appropriation bill. He explained his reasons
in H.Doc. 106-135, Congressional Record, 9/28/99, pages H8941-2.
q. On 10/18/99, President Clinton vetoed the Foreign Operations appropriation bill. He explained his reasons
in H.Doc. 106-145, Congressional Record, 10/18/99, pages H10142-51.
r. On 10/25/99, President Clinton vetoed the Commerce/Justice/State appropriations bill. He explained his
reasons in H. Doc. 106-148, Congressional Record, 10/26/99, pages H10835-36.
s. On 11/3/99, the President vetoed the conference report, H.R. 3064 (H.Rept. 106-419), which covered the
second District of Columbia bill, the Labor/HHS/Education appropriations, the 0.97% across-the-board
rescissions (spending cuts), and legislation affecting congressional salaries. See the Congressional Record,
9/27/99, pages H10933-11065. Division C: “Rescissions and Offsets” is on p. H10958-9 and H11065.
t. The enrolled copy of H.R. 2466, Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations, FY 2000 was not presented
to the President and was laid on the table. See the 11/18/99 Congressional Record, Daily Digest, p. D1317.
u. The Consolidated Appropriations covers the District of Columbia appropriations, and also enacts the
following measures by cross-reference:
H.R. 3421, Commerce-Justice-State-Judiciary Appropriations;
H.R. 3422, Foreign Operations Appropriations;
H.R. 3423, Interior Appropriations;
H.R. 3424, Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations;
H.R. 3425, Miscellaneous Appropriations, which include the 0.38% across-the-board cut in discretionary
appropriations, emergency supplemental appropriations, offsets and rescissions, the Canyon Ferry
Reservoir in Montana, international debt relief, survivor benefits, and miscellaneous provisions;
H.R. 3426, Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Amendments (Medicare);
H.R. 3427, State Department Authorizations;
H.R. 3428, Federal Milk Marketing Orders; and
S. 1948, Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act (satellite television).
v. On 11/18/99, action also occurred on two other continuing resolutions (CR). H.J.Res. 84, a CR to extend
funding through 12/3/99 (midnight), was passed by unanimous consent in the House, but was not sent to the
Senate. H.J.Res. 82, a CR to provide funding through 11/23/99 (midnight) was passed by a vote of 406-16 in
the House and passed the Senate with amendments by a vote of 88-1. The message on the Senate action and
amendments was then sent back to the House, where no further action occurred.
Supplementals. Three sources of information about the President’s FY2000
supplemental requests include a chapter in the Appendix, Budget of the United
States Government, Fiscal Year 2001, the OMB Budget Amendments and
Supplementals page, [http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/fy2001/amndsup.html],
and the White House “Recent Fact Sheets” section at:
[http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/WH/Publications/html/Publications.html].
The FY1999 Emergency Supplemental Act (P.L. 106-31, H.Rept. 106-143,
H.R. 1141) was signed into law by President Clinton on 5/21/99. The Senate agreed

CRS-10
to the conference report on 5/18/99 by a vote of 64-36 (S.Vote 136), with House
passage on 5/18/99 by a vote of 269-158 (H.Vote 133). For more details, see CRS
Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America
Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, and CRS Report RS20161,
Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional Action on Funding.
Table 2. Votes: Supplementals (FY1999)
Vote/Date on Conference Report:
Bill No.
Public Law
House
Senate
H.R. 1141
269-158
64-36
P.L. 106-31
*H.R. 1664
5/18/99
5/20/99
Signed
5/21/99
*H.Rept. 106-143
S. 544
333-95
65-29
P.L. 105-277
10/20/98
10/21/98
10/21/99
H.R. 4328
The Omnibus also
H.Rept. 105-825
included supplemental
appropriations.
*House and Senate conferees inserted funding for Kosovo military and humanitarian operations in the
conference report, H. Rept. 106-143, that the House had passed in H.R. 1664.
Budget Resolution. The FY2000 Budget Resolution conference report
(H.Rept. 106-91, H.Con.Res. 68) was agreed to by the Senate on 4/15/99 by a vote
of 54-44 (S. Vote 86), with House passage on 4/14/99 by a vote of 220-208 (H. Vote
85). The President does not sign budget resolutions. For more details on the FY2000
Budget, see CRS Issue Brief 10017, The Budget for Fiscal Year 2000, and CRS
Report RL30199, Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access.
Table 3. Votes: Budget Resolution (FY2000)
vv = voice vote
Budget
Committee Report Conference Report
Bill
Committee
Vote/Date
Vote/Date
Public
No.
Vote/Date
Law
House
Senate
House
Senate
House
Senate
H.Con.Res.
vv
37-3
221-208
*55-44
220-208
54-44
68
3/23/99
7/23/99
3/25/99
3/25/99
4/14/99
4/15/99
(President
does not
H.Rept.
S.Rept.
S.Con.Res.
sign.)
106-73
H.Rept.
106-27
20
106-91
*Senate struck all after the resolving clause, substituted the language of S.Con.Res. 20 amended, and the
resolution was agreed to in the Senate in lieu of S.Con.Res. 20 with an amendment.

CRS-11
Table 4. Budget Authority Appropriation Amounts as of 1/11/00
Budget authority dollar figures may differ in various documents depending on
whether dollar amounts include spending for supplementals, emergency
appropriations, rescissions or across-the-board spending reductions, advance
funding, score keeping adjustments, or whether discretionary and mandatory dollar
figures are combined together or listed separately, etc.
FY2000/FY1999 Budget Authority
(In thousands of dollars)
Appropri-
Enacted
President’s
Approved
Latest
Conference
ation Bills
FY1999
Request
by Full
Senate
Report
FY2000
House
Action
FY2000
FY2000
Agriculture
$61,127,000
$66,883,182
$60,736,572
$68,358,618
$69,017,125
Conference
CRS Report
P.L.
H.Rept.
RL30201
106-78
106-354
Signed 10/22/99
H.R. 1906
S. 1233
Commerce/
$34,385,000
$49,562,980
$37,677,283
$35,384,564
$39,630,967
Justice/
(a)
(a)
(a)
State
CRS Report
P.L. 106-113
Conference
RL30209
Signed 11/29/99
H.Rept.
106-398
H.R. 2670
S. 1217
Defense
$266,600,000
$263,265,959
$268,661,503
$264,693,100
$267,795,360
CRS Report
Conference
RL30205
H.Rept.
P.L. 106-79
106-371
Signed 10/25/99
H.R. 2561
S. 1122
District of
$619,500
$393,740
$453,000(b)
$410,740 (b)
$436,800
Columbia

CRS Report
P.L. 106-113
Revised bill:
RL30213
Signed 11/29/99
H.R. 3194
Vetoed:
H.R. 3064
11/3/99
H.R. 2587
9/28/99

CRS-12
FY2000/FY1999 Budget Authority
(In thousands of dollars)
Appropri-
Enacted
President’s
Approved
Latest
Conference
ation Bills
FY1999
Request
by Full
Senate
Report
FY2000
House
Action
FY2000
FY2000
Energy/
$21,200,000
$21,996,026
$20,640,395
$21,717,325
$21,729,969
Water
CRS Report
P.L. 106-60
RL30207
Signed 9/29/99
Conference
H.Rept.
106-336
H.R. 2605
S. 1234
Foreign
$13,401,000
$14,615,535
$12,668,115
$12,735,655
$15,359,935
(c)
(c)
Opera-
(“Base”)
tions (f)
$15,422.700
P.L. 106-113
(with FY1999
Signed 9/29/99
Revised
Supplementals)
Bill:
H.R. 3196
$33,283.7
(with FY1999
Supplementals &
International
Vetoed:
Monetary Fund)
H.R. 2606
1/18/996
CRS Report
RL30211
Table 7
Interior
$14,207,983
$15,266,137
$13,934,609
$14,055,710
$14,928,411
(d)
(d)
Conference
CRS Report
H.Rept.
RL30206
P.L. 106-113
106-406
Signed 9/29/99
H.R. 2466
S. 1292
Labor/
$292,600,000
$322,958,939
$318,313,930*
$328,612,841
$328,229,885
HHS/
Education
*Reported by
CRS Report
P.L. 106-113
the House
RL30203
Signed 9/29/99
Appropriations
H.R. 3037
Committee.
S. 1650
House did not
vote on
H.R. 3037.
Legislative
$2,581,152
$2,033,129
$1,862,153
$2,488,708
$2,457,064
Branch
CRS Report
Conference
P.L. 106-57
RL30212
H.Rept.
Signed 9/29/99
106-290
H.R. 1905
S. 1206

CRS-13
FY2000/FY1999 Budget Authority
(In thousands of dollars)
Appropri-
Enacted
President’s
Approved
Latest
Conference
ation Bills
FY1999
Request
by Full
Senate
Report
FY2000
House
Action
FY2000
FY2000
Military
$8,659,234
$8,499,273
$8,449,742
$8,273,820
$8,374,000
Construc-
tion
CRS Report
RL30210
P.L. 106-52
Signed 8/17/99
Conference
H.Rept.
106-266
H.R. 2465
S. 1205
Transpor-
$12,982,809
$14,644,820
$8,356,275
$13,945,522
$14,372,057
tation
H.Rept. 106-180
p. 216
Conference
H.Rept.
$14,353,303
P.L. 106-69
106-355
S.Rept. 106-55
Signed 10/9/99
p. 1
H.R. 2084
S. 1143
Also see
CRS Report
RL30208
Treasury/
$27,122,000
$27,997,054
$27,800,105
$27,754,597
$27,972,418
Postal
CRS Report
Conference
RL30202
P.L. 106-58
H.Rept.
Signed 9/29/99
106-319
H.R. 2490
S. 1282
VA/HUD
$92,117,000
$99,607,116
$91,980,156
$97,828,196
$99,452,918
Conference
CRS Report
H.Rept.
RL30204
106-379
P.L. 106-74
Signed 10/20/99
H.R. 2684
S. 1596
Miscellane-
$758,433
ous
Appropria-
tions,
P.L. 106-113
Titles I &II
Signed 11/29/99
H.R. 3425
Offsets &
Rescissions
- $3,106,000
Title III in
Miscellane-
ous
P.L. 106-113
Appropria-
Signed 11/29/99
tions
H.R. 3425
Total:
—
$907,723,890
$553,219,908
$896,25,396
$907,409,342
FY2000
Appropria-
ton Bills

CRS-14
FY2000/FY1999 Budget Authority
(In thousands of dollars)
Appropri-
Enacted
President’s
Approved
Latest
Conference
ation Bills
FY1999
Request
by Full
Senate
Report
FY2000
House
Action
FY2000
FY2000
Total:
—
$7,524,133
$13,219,678
- $2,577,691
$13,145,383
FY1999
Supplementals
(Public Laws
106-31,
106-51,105-57)
Total:
—
$915,248,023
$566,439,586
$893,681,705
$920,554,725
(e)
Cumulative
for Session
to Date
Source: House Appropriations, 1/11/00, unless otherwise cited.
Figures include both discretionary and mandatory dollar amounts.
a. The President’s request for Commerce/Justice/State appropriations includes $9.2 billion in advance
appropriations. House and Senate reflect action on H.R. 2670 and S. 1217.
b. House and Senate reflect action on H.R. 2561 and H.R. 3064, which were vetoed.
c. House and Senate reflect action on H.R. 2606 and S. 1234, which were vetoed.
d. House and Senate reflect action on H.R. 2466 and S. 1292.
e. Figure does not include the amount of $318,313,930,000 from H.R. 3037, the House Labor/HHS/Education
bill, which was approved by the House Appropriations Committee, but not voted on by the House.
f. The FY1999 enacted amount is reported as $33,330,393 in H.Rept. 106-254 (p. 97) and as $31,719,553 in
S.Rept. 106-81 (p. 64). From CRS Report RL30211, Appropriations for FY2000: Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Programs: The “Base” Appropriation refers to amounts funded in the regular Foreign
Operations Appropriations for FY1999, as included in Division A of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, FY1999
(P.L. 105-277). Congress approved additional Foreign Operations funds in two supplemental measures: $411
million for Child Survival programs, aid to Russia, victims of the Kenya/Tanzania embassy bombings,
counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, and Y2K upgrades (Division B of P.L. 105-277); and $1.641 billion for
Central America hurricane relief, Kosovo humanitarian assistance, counter-narcotics, and the administration
of three foreign affairs commissions. All but about $5 million of the supplementals were declared
“emergencies” and do not count against the Foreign Operations FY1999 allocation limits. Under special
allowances provided in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, Foreign Operations Appropriations for multilateral
development bank arrearage payments and IMF funds also did not count against the FY1999 allocation limits.
Also, IMF funding occurs only occasionally—about every 5 years. There is no request for FY2000.
CRS Products
Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30201, Appropriations for FY2000: U.S.
Department of Agriculture (12/6/99):
The FY2000 appropriations bill (P.L. 106-78, H.R. 1906) for the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) and related agencies was signed into law on
October 22, 1999. P.L. 106-78 contains regular (non-emergency) appropriations of
$60.559 billion, which is $2 billion below the Administration request, but nearly $6
billion above the FY1999 level. Just over three-fourths ($46.57 billion) of the total
amount in the act is classified as mandatory spending (primarily food stamps and farm
programs funded through USDA’s Commodity Credit Corporation), which in essence
is governed by authorizing statutes and is out of the direct control of appropriators.
The remaining spending of $13.988 billion is for discretionary programs, which
require an annual appropriation.

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In addition to the regular appropriations, P.L. 106-78 provides $8.7 billion in
emergency spending for farm income and disaster assistance, including $5.5 billion in
direct payments to grain and cotton farmers and $1.2 billion in natural disaster
assistance. An additional $576 million in farm disaster assistance, primarily in
response to damage caused by Hurricane Floyd, is included in the FY2000
consolidated appropriations act (P.L. 106-113, H.R. 3194) signed into law on
November 29, 1999. Controversial dairy policy provisions that were considered but
not included in P.L. 106-78 are part of P.L. 106-113, including a 2-year extension of
the Northeast dairy compact and a mandate that USDA adopt a milk pricing scheme
for fluid farm milk that is close to current price levels. P.L. 106-113 also includes a
0.38% across-the-board cut in total discretionary budget authority for FY2000, which
will require a $49 million cut within USDA and a $4 million cut in FDA programs,
with specific cuts to be determined by the Administration.
Exclusive of the FY2000 emergency spending provisions, most of the difference
between the FY1999 and FY2000 enacted levels in P.L. 106-78 is explained by a $5.9
billion increase in the requested appropriation for the Commodity Credit Corporation
(CCC). The CCC is the funding mechanism for the commodity support programs and
farm disaster assistance. It borrows directly from the Treasury and subsequently
requests an appropriation for a reimbursement of its net losses. CCC spending was
at a 12-year high in FY1999, because of a weak farm economy and regional natural
disasters, and some $6 billion in supplemental spending approved by the Congress in
FY1999 for emergency assistance to farmers.
To stay within the measure’s allocation for discretionary spending, P.L. 106-78
contains spending restrictions for several mandatory programs, including a new
research program, certain conservation programs, and the Fund for Rural America.
Separately, conferees deleted a provision in the House bill that would have prevented
FDA from using any FY2000 funds for the approval of RU-486, or any other drug to
induce abortion. P.L. 106-78 also does not include a Senate-passed provision that
would have exempted the export of agricultural and medical products from current
and future unilateral trade sanctions on Cuba and other countries.
Chronologies
CRS Report RL30199, Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access, by
Susan E. Watkins.
Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30209, Appropriations for FY2000: Commerce,
Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies (1/20/00):
On October 18, 1999, the Conference Committee approved a FY 2000
Commerce/Justice/State (CJS) bill totaling $39 billion—$2.8 billion (or 7.7%) above
the FY1999 appropriation and $1.3 billion below the President’s request. The bill
passed the House and Senate, without amendment, on October 20. The President
vetoed the bill on October 25, because, among other things, it (1) did not provide
enough money for his community policing program (better known as the COPS

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program), (2) contained no funding for its lawsuit against the tobacco industry, and
(3) did not provide adequate funding for direct payment of dues and arrears to the
United Nations and for other peacekeeping operations abroad.
Following negotiations between congressional leaders and the White House,
these issues and number of other issues were apparently resolved. A second CJS bill
approved by Conference (H.Rept. 106-479) included in H.R. 3194, the Consolidated
Appropriations Act for FY 2000, was passed by the House on November 18, 1999.
The number for the CJS bill is H.R. 3421, which is in Division B of H.R. 3194,
Section 1000(a). The legislation was passed by the Senate on November 19, 1999.
The bill approves total funding of $39.63 billion which is about $625 million above
the level initially approved by Congress, $3.4 billion (or 9.5%) above the FY1999
appropriation, and $920 million below the President’s request. The President signed
the bill into law on November 29, 1999 (P.L. 106-113; 113 Stat. 1501).
Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2000
CRS Report RS20403, FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide,
by Robert Keith.
Continuing Resolutions(CR)
CRS Report RL30343, Continuing Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent
Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
Debt
CRS Report 98-346, Budget Surpluses: Economic and Budget Effects of Using Them
for Debt Repayment, Tax Cuts or Spending (full-length version of overview
listed below), by William Cox.
CRS Report 98-96, Budget Surpluses: Economic Effects of Debt Repayment, Tax
Cuts, or Spending: An Overview, by William Cox.
CRS Report RS20302, Paying Down the Federal Debt: A Discussion of Methods,
by James M. Bickley.
CRS Report RS20065, Surpluses and Federal Debt, by Philip D Winters.
Defense (National Security) Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30205, Appropriations for FY2000: Defense
(10/27/99):
On October 6, conferees reached agreement on the FY2000 defense
appropriations bill, H.R. 2561, and the conference report was filed on October 8. The
House approved the conference agreement by a vote of 372-55 on October 13, and
the Senate approved it by a vote of 87 to 11 on October 14, and the President signed
the bill into law, P.L. 106-79, on October 25. The key issue in the conference

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concerned funding for the F-22 fighter. The conference agreement provides a total of
$2.522 billion for the program, including $1.222 billion for R&D, $1 billion for
acquisition of test aircraft, and $300 million in advance FY2001 appropriations for
program termination liability.
The total amount is about $500 million below the request ($1.85 billion in
procurement and $1.2 billion in R&D). The conference agreement also prohibits
award of an initial low-rate production contract unless certain testing is successfully
completed.
Aside from the F-22, major issues in the FY2000 defense debate included
whether to approve a new round of military base closures, how much to provide for
military pay and benefits, whether to impose constraints on funding for U.S. military
operations in Kosovo, how to fund theater missile defense programs, and how to
respond to security lapses at Department of Energy (DOE) weapons labs. The
conference agreement on the defense authorization bill does not approve a new round
of military base closures. It provides somewhat larger increases in pay and benefits
than the Administration had requested, including a 4.8% pay raise in 2000 and
increased retirement benefits, though it does not include a Senate-passed provision
to expand Montgomery GI Bill benefits.
Although Congress approved supplemental FY1999 appropriations for Kosovo
operations, the Administration’s policy remains controversial. The House removed
a provision from the defense authorization bill prohibiting funds to be used for future
operations in Kosovo, but only after the Administration agreed to seek supplemental
appropriations to cover costs of a peacekeeping mission in FY2000. Earlier in the
year, both houses approved bills calling for deployment of a nationwide missile
defense, but funding for theater missile defense programs was a matter of dispute.
The authorization conference agreement establishes an independent organization
within DOE to oversee security, and the President objected to these provisions even
as he signed the bill into law.
Finally, the level of defense spending was resolved only at the very end of the
appropriations process. The Senate-passed appropriations bill used about $4.9 billion
of funds provided in the Kosovo supplemental appropriations bill as an offset for
defense increases and provided a net total of $264.7 billion, $1.4 billion above the
request. The House bill provided $268.7 billion in new budget authority, $5.4 billion
above the request and $4.0 billion above the Senate level. The appropriations
conference agreement provides $267.8 billion in FY2000, of which $7.2 billion is
designated as emergency appropriations.
District of Columbia Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30213, Appropriations for FY2000: District of
Columbia (12/23/99):
On November 29, 1999, President Clinton signed the Consolidated
Appropriations Act for FY2000, formerly H.R. 3194, into law as P.L. 106-113. The
Act appropriates funds for the District of Columbia, Division A of the act, and four
other appropriation measures, Division B of the act, including: Commerce, Justice,

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State, Judiciary; Foreign Operation Appropriations; Interior Appropriations; and
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations for FY2000.
Division B of P.L. 106-113, also includes a section governing Miscellaneous
Appropriations, and provisions amending the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, State
Department authorization, milk supports, and intellectual properties. As originally
forwarded to the conference committee, H.R. 3194 provided appropriations for
FY2000 solely for the District of Columbia. The House approved the conference
measure on November 18, 1999, and the Senate approved the measure on November
19, 1999.
Division A of P.L. 106-113 is the third District of Columbia Appropriations Act
for FY2000 considered by Congress. The Act includes $436 million in special federal
payments to the District of Columbia. This is slightly higher than the amount included
in the vetoed version of H.R. 3064 ($429 million) and H.R. 2587 ($430 million). The
difference is $6.7 million in federal funds for the environmental cleanup of the Lorton
Correctional Facility.
On November 3, 1999, President Clinton vetoed H.R. 3064, which included
funds for the District of Columbia and the Departments of Labor, Health and Human
Services, and Education for FY2000. On September 28, 1999, the President vetoed
H.R. 2587, Congress’ first attempt to appropriate funds for the District of Columbia
for FY2000. District officials urged the President to veto H.R. 2587, because of the
inclusion of several so called “social rider” provisions. They characterized the
provisions as assaults on the city’s limited home rule. P.L. 106-113 includes many of
the social riders contained in H.R. 2587 and H.R. 3064. The Act includes provisions
that prohibit the use of federal or local funds to establish and maintain a needle
exchange program, but would allow the private financing of needle exchange
programs; the District from decriminalizing the use of marijuana and implementing
Initiative 59 governing medical marijuana; the use of federal or District funds to
finance a court challenge aimed at securing congressional voting representation in the
House and Senate for District residents, but would allow the city’s corporation
counsel to review and comment on private lawsuits filed on behalf of citizens of the
District of Columbia; the use of federal or District funds for abortions except in cases
or rape, incest, or the mother’s health is endangered; and the implementation of a
domestic partners act passed in 1992 that would extend health, employment, and
other benefits and protections to unmarried, cohabiting, heterosexual or homosexual
couples.
Energy and Water Development Appropriations
Excerpt from CRS Report RL30207, Appropriations for FY2000: Energy and
Water Development (10/26/99):
The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil
projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of
Reclamation (BuRec), most of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of
independent agencies. The Administration requested $22 billion for these programs
for FY2000. The House and Senate approved $21.3 billion.

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Low allocations under Section 302 (b) of the Budget Act created difficulties for
Appropriations Committees in both Houses. The Senate Committee responded by
cutting water projects for the Corps and BuRec, and keeping DOE funding about at
the requested level. The House Appropriations Committee increased money for the
Corps and cut about $1.5 billion from DOE, much of it in the weapons program. The
Senate passed the bill (S. 1186) June 16, 1999. The House passed its version of the
bill (H.R. 2605) July 27, 1999. The House-Senate Conference Committee reported
out its agreement on September 24, 1999, with some of the Senate cuts to the Corps,
and some of the House cuts to DOE, restored. The bill was signed by the President
on September 29, 1999 (P.L. 106-60).
Other key issues involving Energy and Water Development appropriations
programs included: Policy issues related to wetlands regulatory programs involving
the Corps; the Bureau of Reclamation’s controversial Animas-La Plata project in
Colorado, a large irrigation and tribal projects with likely controversial environmental
impacts, for which the Administration requested no new appropriations in FY2000;
a pending decision by DOE on the electrometallurgical treatment of nuclear spent fuel
for storage and disposal, a process that opponents contend raises nuclear
nonproliferation concerns; proposed funding increases for DOE’s accelerated
computer simulation efforts to simulate nuclear weapons explosions and other
important aspects of the nuclear weapons stockpile; increased funding for DOE’s
Nuclear Cities Initiative in Russia, to find alternative work for unemployed Russian
nuclear weapons designers; NRC’s plans to overhaul its regulatory system for nuclear
power plant safety, as urged by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees;
The ongoing controversy over interim civilian nuclear waste storage; and DOE’s
“privatization” program for nuclear waste cleanup.
Foreign Operations Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30211, Appropriations for FY2000: Foreign
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs (12/10/99):
The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative
vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences
executive branch foreign policy making generally. It contains the largest share over
two-thirds of total U.S. international affairs spending. For FY2000, President Clinton
requested $14.1 billion (later amended upward to $14.4 billion), plus $1.9 billion over
three years for the Wye River/Middle East peace accord. The President’s proposal,
excluding the Wye River funds, was about $1.35 billion, or 9% less than FY1999
amounts. Congressional action on the FY2000 budget resolution resulted in
preliminary funding allocations for Foreign Operations programs well below the
requested amount. H.Con.Res. 68, which cleared Congress on April 15, cut the $20.9
billion overall foreign policy discretionary budget request to $17.7 billion, 15% less
than the President seeks. Because Foreign Operations funds represent over
two-thirds of the foreign policy budget, a reduction of this order would substantially
limit amounts available for Foreign Operations programs. In addition to total funding
levels, five issues were among those that received the most attention during the
FY2000 debate, and in some cases, resulted in the sharpest split between House and
Senate, and Congress-Executive branch positions: 1) U.S. development aid policy and

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spending priorities; 2) population aid and international family planning policy; 3)
regional aid allocations; 4) U.S. funding for North Korea’s heavy fuel oil and broad
U.S.-North Korean policy; and 5) competing initiatives to reduce debt owed to the
United States and other creditors by the world’s poorest and most highly indebted
nations. During the summer, the Senate (S. 1234) and House (H.R. 2606) approved
FY2000 Foreign Operations spending measures providing $12.69 billion and $12.62
billion, respectively. Because of the reduced funding levels and a House-passed
abortion restriction, the White House said the President would veto either bill. A
House-Senate conference committee, after deleting the House abortion restriction,
agreed to $12.69 billion for Foreign Operations. President Clinton vetoed the bill,
however, due to cuts totaling $1.92 billion to his budget request. Following weeks
of negotiations, Congress and the White House agreed to a revised Foreign
Operations bill (H.R. 3422, enacted by reference in H.R. 3194, P.L. 106-113) that
totals $15.3 billion, including $1.8 billion for the Wye River/Middle East peace
accord. The compromise package further funds $799 million of White House
spending priorities that Congress had rejected in the vetoed H.R. 2606.
Government Shutdowns
CRS Report RS20348, Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30339, Preventing Federal Government Shutdowns: Proposals for
an Automatic Continuing Resolution, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report 98-844, Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Effects, and
Process, by Sharon S. Gressle.
Interior Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30206, Appropriations for FY2000: Interior and
Related Agencies (12/6/99):
The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funding for
agencies and programs in four separate federal departments as well as numerous
smaller agencies and diverse programs. The bill includes funding for the Interior
Department except the Bureau of Reclamation, but only segments of the funding of
the other three departments, Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services.
On February 1, 1999, President Clinton submitted his FY2000 budget to
Congress. The FY2000 request for Interior and Related Agencies totaled $15.266
billion compared to the $14.298 billion enacted for FY1999 (P.L. 105-277), an
increase of almost $1 billion. The Administration also proposed $579 million for
Department of Interior agencies as part of the $1 billion Lands Legacy Initiative.
The Senate Appropriations Committee reported the FY2000 Interior
Appropriations bill (S. 1292, S.Rept. 106-99) on June 28, 1999, and the House
Appropriations Committee reported its version of the bill (H.R. 2466, H.Rept.
106-222) on July 2, 1999. The committee-approved levels were $14.058 billion in the
Senate and $14.105 billion in the House, a difference of $46.7 million. On July 15,

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1999, the House passed H.R. 2466 by a vote of 377-47, providing $13.935 billion in
FY2000 funding. On September 23, 1999, the Senate passed its version of H.R. 2466
by a vote of 89-10, providing $14.056 billion for FY2000.
The conference report (H.R. 2466, H.Rept. 106-406) was agreed to by both the
House and Senate on October 21, 1999. It provided a total of $14.534 billion; after
score keeping adjustments, the amount was $14.565 billion (including $57.4 million
in mandatory funding). The totals included $68 million of emergency funding for the
United Mine Workers of America combined benefit fund. However, this conference
agreement was not sent to the President.
Instead, following renegotiations, the House and Senate incorporated the five
remaining appropriations measures into a single measure (H.R. 3194, H.Rept.
106-479), which initially provided funding only for the District of Columbia. The
omnibus measure passed the House on November 18, 1999, and the Senate on
November 19, 1999. The “Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2000" was
enacted into law on November 29, 1999 (P.L. 106-113). The Interior appropriations
portion of the consolidated measure also was introduced as a separate bill (H.R.
3423), which the consolidated measure enacted by cross-reference. The consolidated
measure contained a total Interior appropriation of $14.928 billion; after score
keeping adjustments, the total was $14.959. These amounts, and others in this report,
do not reflect the government-wide cut of 0.38% in discretionary appropriations for
FY2000 that was required by the omnibus appropriations measure. Before the
consolidated appropriations measure was signed into law, a total of seven measures
providing continuing appropriations for Interior (and other appropriations measures)
had been enacted. These continuing resolutions covered October 1, 1999, through
December 2, 1999.
Labor, Health and Human Services, Education Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30203, Appropriations for FY2000: Labor,
Health and Human Services, and Education (12/17/99):
This report describes the enactment of the Departments of Labor, Health and
Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) Appropriations
Act, 2000. This Act provides nearly all discretionary funds for three federal
departments and related agencies. The report summarizes L-HHS-ED discretionary
funding issues; it does not directly track authorization or entitlement issues. On
February 1, 1999, the President submitted the Administration’s FY2000 budget to the
Congress. Following a series of seven continuing resolutions and the veto of H.R.
3064, the President signed H.R. 3194 into law, P.L. 106-113, on November 29, 1999.
Discretionary appropriations may be described as “program level” for funding from
the current Act for any year, and “budget authority” (BA) for funding for the current
year from any Act. The L-HHS-ED program level was $90.0 billion in FY1999;
$93.6 billion was requested by the President; and $96.9 billion was enacted.
Comparable BA amounts are $83.3 billion, $91.6 billion, and $86.1 billion,
respectively. FY1999 funding was enacted primarily through P.L. 105-277. U.S.
Department of Labor (DOL): Discretionary DOL program level funding was $10.9
billion in FY1999, and $11.2 billion as enacted. The comparable BA amounts were
$10.9 billion and $8.8 billion, respectively. Funding for the Workforce Investment

CRS-22
Act (WIA) was increased by $248 million for FY2000, including $195 million more
for WIA’s Dislocated Worker Assistance. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS): Discretionary DHHS program level was $36.4 billion in FY1999,
and $41.3 billion as enacted; respective BA amounts were $36.2 billion and $39.9
billion. FY2000 funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was increased by
$2.2 billion; increases of $100 million or more were provided for Ryan White AIDS
programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Head Start, and the Public
Health and Social Service Emergency Fund. Funding for the Health Care Financing
Administration (HCFA) Program Management was reduced by $134 million. U.S.
Department of Education (ED): Discretionary ED program level was $33.3 billion in
FY1999, and $35.7 billion as enacted; respective BA amounts were $28.8 billion and
$29.5 billion. FY2000 increases of $100 million or more were provided for 21st
Century Community Learning Centers, Title I Grants to Local Educational Agencies,
Class Size Reduction, Special Education State Grants, and Fund for the Improvement
of Education (FIE). Related Agencies: Discretionary program level funding for
related agencies was $7.8 billion in FY1999 and $8.2 billion as enacted; respective BA
amounts are $7.8 billion and $8.1 billion. Funding for the Social Security
Administration (SSA) Limitation on Administrative Expenses was increased by $115
million in FY2000.
Legislative Branch Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30212, Appropriations for FY2000: Legislative
Branch (1/11/00):
On September 29, 1999, the President signed a $2.457 billion FY2000 legislative
branch appropriations bill into Public Law 106-57 (113 Stat. 408). This represented
a reduction of 4.8%, or $124.1 million, from the FY1999 budget of $2.581 billion.
The House bill, H.R. 1905, contained $1.862 billion, excluding funds for Senate
activities and Senate activities of the architect of the Capitol. This appropriation was
a $54.8 million decrease from that reported by the House Appropriations Committee.
The reduction was contained in an amendment agreed to by the House. The total
legislative appropriation passed by the House was a reduction of $190 million, or
9.3%, from the FY1999 funding level of $2.052 billion, also excluding Senate items.
As reported to the House, H.R. 1905 contained $1.917 billion, excluding funds for
Senate items. This was a reduction of $135.2 million, or 6.6%, from the FY1999
level of $2.052 billion, also excluding Senate items. The bill reduced FTE staff
positions by 98, making a cumulative reduction of 4,412, or 16%, since 1994. The
Senate passed bill, S.1206, contained $1.679 billion, excluding funds for House
internal activities and House activities of the architect of the Capitol. This was a
reduction of $114 million, or 6.4%, from the FY1999 appropriation of $1.793 billion,
also excluding funds for House items. Subsequently, the FY2000 legislative budget
was rescinded by 0.38% in Public Law 106-113, Consolidated Appropriations Act,
signed on November 29, 1999. An FY1999 supplemental appropriation of $5.6
million was made available to the architect of the Capitol in P.L. 106-31, which was
signed on May 21, 1999. The act contained $3.8 million for the “necessary expenses
of a House page dormitory” and $1.8 million for life safety renovations to the O’Neill
House Office Building. Among issues under consideration were: What additional
staff and funds might be necessary to ensure that Congress’s computers are Year

CRS-23
2000 compliant? What funds are needed for technology development, including
electronic document printing and development of a legislative information system?
What attention should be given to the support agencies’ staff recruitment to replace
employees who are eligible for retirement in the immediate future? How much should
funding be increased for security enhancement for the Capitol, other congressional
buildings, and adjacent grounds? How much should be appropriated for the Office
of the Architect of the Capitol’s request to undertake capital improvements? At an
appropriation level of $2.457 billion for FY2000, the legislative budget comprises
0.15% of the total federal budget.
Military Construction Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30210, Appropriations for FY2000: Military
Construction (8/23/99):

The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill finances (1) military
construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing
operations and construction; (3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment
Program; and (4) most base realignment and closure costs. This paper reviews the
appropriations and authorization process for military construction. The congressional
debate perennially centers on the adequacy of the President’s budget for military
construction needs and the necessity for congressional add-ons, especially for Guard
and Reserve projects. In recent years, Congress has pointed out that the Pentagon has
not funded nor planned adequately for military construction. The Administration has
asked the Congress to approve an unusual funding mechanism for the FY2000
military construction program, in order to fit its defense budget request within the
caps set on total discretionary spending in the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997. For
FY2000, the Administration has requested budget authority of $5.4 billion, which is
only part of the funding necessary to carry out the proposed projects. The rest of the
FY2000 military construction program would be funded by advance appropriations
of $3.1 billion in FY2001. (In this advance appropriations proposal, Congress would
approve the $3.1 billion now for the FY2000 program, which would be spent and
scored in FY2001.) Adding the split FY2000 request with the advance appropriations
request brings the total value of the proposed FY2000 military construction program
to $8.5 billion. This total continues a downward trend from the FY1996 level of $11.2
billion, the FY1997 level of $9.8 billion, the FY1998 level of $9.3 billion and the
FY1999 level of $8.7 billion. Appropriations and authorization hearings on the
FY2000 military construction budget have highlighted the following issues: split
funding and advance appropriations proposal for the FY2000 military construction
budget request, long-term planning for the military construction program, and
implementation of privatization of the military family housing initiative. The
conference committee for military construction appropriations printed its conference
report (H.Rept. 106-266) on July 27, 1999. The conference report agreed to a total
$8.4 billion military construction appropriation, which is $776 million less than current
FY1999 funding. The conference split the difference between the Senate- approved
$8.3 billion and House-approved $8.5 billion amounts. The House passed the
conference report on July 29, 1999, by a vote of 412-8. The Senate passed the
conference report on August 3, 1999, by voice vote. The bill became law (P.L.
106-52) on August 17, 1999.

CRS-24
Numbers (Appropriations and Budget)
CRS Issue Brief IB10017, Budget for Fiscal Year 2000, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report 95-920, Appropriations Measures and Amounts: Summary Tables, by
Sandy Streeter and Matthew Ginsburg.
CRS Report RS20283, Budget Surpluses or Deficits Under Alternative Discretionary
Spending Assumptions, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report 96-963, Current Economic Conditions and Selected Forecasts, by Gail
E. Makinen.
CRS Report RL30353, Discretionary Spending Limits and Social Security Surplus,
by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30239, Economic Forecasts and the Budget, by Brian W. Cashell.
CRS Issue Brief IB10024, Federal Civilian Employees and the FY2000 Budget, by
Sharon S. Gressle.
CRS Report RS20096, Natural Resources and Environment Function in the FY2000
Federal Budget: A Description of Programs and Funding, by David Michael
Bearden.
CRS Report RS20034, Proposed and Actual Budget Totals for the Fiscal Years 1980
through 1998, by Philip D. Winters.
CRS Report 98-422, Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social
Security’s Being “Off-Budget” Mean?, by David Stuart Koitz.
CRS Report RL30269, Social Security: How Can Budget Surpluses Help Bridge
Long-Term Funding Shortfalls?, by William A. Cox.
Process (Appropriations and Budget)
CRS Budget Fact Sheets, CRS Guide to the Legislative and Budget Process.
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/FactSheetMenuNF.
html#Budget Process]
CRS Report 98-558, Appropriations Bills: What is Report Language?, by Sandy
Streeter.
CRS Report 97-947, Appropriations Process and the Congressional Budget Act, by
James V. Saturno.
CRS Report 94-1005, Authorization, Appropriations, and Budget Process in
Congress: An Introduction, by Stanley Bach.

CRS-25
CRS Report 97-684, Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction, by
Sandy Streeter.
CRS Report 98-518, Earmarks and Limitations in Appropriations Bills, by Sandy
Streeter.
CRS Report 98-37L, Federal Budget Issues: A Checklist of CRS Products, by Robert
H. Howe.
CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report RL30337, Legislative Provisions (“Riders”) in Annual Appropriation
Acts: Illustrative Examples, by Robert Keith.
CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by Robert Keith (184
pages). To order call 7-7132.
CRS Report 97-865, Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process, by James
V. Saturno.
CRS Report RS20165, Social Security “Lock Box,” by David Stuart Koitz.
Rescissions
CRS Report RL30443, The 0.38 Percent Across-the-Board Cut in FY2000
Appropriations, by Robert Keith.
Research and Development
CRS Issue Brief 10018, Research and Development Funding: Fiscal Year 2000.
Supplemental Appropriations
CRS Report RS20161, Kosovo Military Operations: Costs and Congressional Action
on Funding, by Stephen Daggett.
CRS Report RL30083, Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999: Central America
Disaster Aid, Middle East Peace, and Other Initiatives, by Larry Nowels.
Transportation Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30208, Appropriations for FY2000: Department
of Transportation and Related Agencies (2/4/00):
On October 9, 1999, the President signed the Department of Transportation and
Related Agencies Act, 2000 (P.L. 106-69). The Act provided $50.2 billion for the
Department of Transportation (DOT). DOT had requested funding similar to the
level enacted in P.L. 106-69. However, the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations
Act, P.L. 106-113, calls for an across-the-board rescission of 0.38% from each

CRS-26
agency’s discretionary budget authority and obligation limits. This will result in a
reduction of approximately $179 million from the level enacted in P.L. 106-69. he
Federal Highway Administration (-$105.3 million), the Airport Improvement Program
(-$54.4 million), the Federal Transit Administration (-$17.6 million), and the Coast
Guard (-$1.6 million) together absorb all but about $0.5 million of the DOT
reductions. Even with the rescission, the amount provided represents a nearly 6%
increase over the FY1999 enacted level. Reflecting the continuing impact of the
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA21), both the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) received
increases of 7% above FY1999 enacted levels. The Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) received a more modest increase of just under 3%. The FY2000 Act funds the
entire FAA budget out of the airport and airway trust fund. Historically, a significant
portion of the FAA operations budget has been provided from general fund revenues.
Much of the debate over the Department’s budget focused on allocating resources
raised by user fees and deposited in specific transportation trust funds. A debate arose
between those in favor of a unified budget vs. Those seeking to protect individual
programs either by taking them off budget or using fiscal boundaries or “firewalls” to
ensure a minimum level of financing. This policy of creating discretionary spending
guarantees originated with the provisions of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st
Century (TEA21), legislation that placed “firewalls” around certain categories of the
Federal Highway Administration’s programs. The House version of the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization bill, H.R. 1000, proposes also
changing the budgetary treatment of the airport and airway trust fund by taking the
fund off budget. For the highway trust fund, TEA21 provided for the disposition of
actual receipts above those forecast and authorized. The Revenue Aligned Budget
Authority (RABA) provisions require additional trust fund receipts to be redistributed
to individual states based on the formula used to apportion highway dollars. The
enacted version of H.R. 2084 narrows the scope of RABA distribution to certain core
highway programs, thereby reducing the allocations to a number of smaller TEA21
programs and increasing the funds flowing to the states.
Treasury, Postal Service, President, Government Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30202, Appropriations for FY2000: Treasury,
Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, and General Government
(1/19/00):
Public Law 106-58 (H.R. 2490), signed by the President September 29, 1999,
to fund the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, several
independent agencies and to provide partial funding for the U.S. Postal Service. The
act funds the accounts at $27.99 billion, including mandatories (before score keeping
by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). The consolidated FY2000 funding
measure, P.L. 106-113, signed November 29, 1999, requires a cut by 0.38% in all
accounts. The administration’s budget, to be submitted in early February, will contain
a report on the exact amounts of cuts for each of the accounts. The Senate-passed
version of H.R. 2490 would have funded the accounts at $27.77 billion and the House
at $27.8 billion. The President’s FY2000 budget, submitted February 1, 1999,
requested a funding level of $27.997 billion for the mandatory and discretionary
accounts. This is an increase over the FY1999 level enacted at just under $27 billion
in regular appropriations, with additional emergency funding. CBO scores the total

CRS-27
for the FY2000 funding at $28.2 billion. The mandatories are $14.5 billion and the
discretionary funding are $13.7 billion. In summary, P.L. 106-58, prior to the
across-the-board cut, funds the Department of Treasury at $12,354.6 million, which
is $ 282.6 million less than the FY1999 enacted (which included emergency funding),
$21.5 million less than requested, $165 million more than the House passed, and $120
million more than the Senate passed for FY2000. One principle point of difference is
the funding for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Both the House and Senate would
have substantially cut funding in several of the IRS accounts (See Table 4 of CRS
Report RL30202 for specifics). Although the total appropriation for the U.S. Postal
Service equals the request by the Administration, only $29 million of the $93.4 million
is available in FY2000. The remainder will be delayed until FY2001. Title III of the
Treasury appropriation funds the Executive Office of the President and accounts
entitled, “Funds Appropriated to the President.” Under the act, those accounts total
$645.5 million. That funding level is $6 million more than the President’s request,
$9.3 million less than House-enacted, and $75.4 million more than Senate-enacted.
Both the House- and Senate-passed versions would have funded the Office of
National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) at about $10 million over the request. The
major differences between the chamber action and the act are in the Funds
Appropriated to the President, which are funds the ONDCP transfers to other entities
for drug control efforts. The independent agencies are funded at $14.9 billion. That
is $9.1 million less than requested, $16.6 million more than House-enacted and $2.5
million more than Senate-enacted. Funding for the General Services Administration
and the National Archives and Records Administration represent the largest
differences.
Veterans Affairs, HUD, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Summary from CRS Report RL30204, Appropriations for FY2000: VA, HUD,
Independent Agencies (12/7/99):
P.L. 106-74 (H.R. 2684). On October 20, 1999, the President signed H.R. 2684,
FY2000 funding for the Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Housing and
Urban Development (HUD), and several independent agencies, including the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA), and the Corporation for National and Community
Service (CNS). The bill provides $99.5 billion in FY2000 appropriations for
programs covered under the Act, compared to $99.6 billion requested. As requested,
the bill incorporated $4.2 billion in advance FY2001 funding, and $2.08 billion in
rescissions of funds appropriated in previous years. (Given the discretion granted to
agencies, the effect on any particular program of the across-the-board rescission of
0.38% in the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2000 is not yet known.)
P.L. 106-74 added $1.7 billion to the FY2000 VA medical care request, bringing
the total to $19 billion, plus $608 million in estimated collections from health plans
sharing coverage of veterans (total funding for VA is $44.3 billion). After including
rescissions and advance funding, the net HUD appropriation of $26 billion is $2 billion
above FY1999, or about $2 billion less than the Administration requested. Conferees
also attached House provisions that seek to improve affordable housing opportunities
for seniors. Conferees added funds that brought EPA to $385 million above the

CRS-28
requested level, $270 million above the Senate funding, and $284 million above the
House amount. Conferees also added funds to approved amounts for NASA ($1
billion above the House, $74 million above the Senate), accepted the Administration’s
request of $2.5 billion in emergency funding for FEMA (not included in either
House’s bill), and provided $354.5 for CNS programs (up $11 million from the
Senate level; the House provided nothing). The final bill dropped a House provision
to save $3 billion by limiting borrowing authority for the Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA).
Preliminary House and Senate Action. In action leading to final passage, the
House had approved $92 billion, the Senate had approved $97.8 billion. Most of the
differences between the bills were in NASA, CNS, and HUD. The Senate approved
$1 billion more than the House for NASA, funded CNS at $343.5 million (the House
provided no CNS program funding), and incorporated the proposal for HUD to
receive $4.2 billion in advance FY2001 funding, a proposal rejected by the House.
The Administration’s FY2000 Budget. The Administration requested $42.5
billion for VA, including $17.3 billion for medical care, plus $608 million from funds
mostly collected from health plans with joint coverage of veterans. The
Administration proposed consolidating HUD’s housing subsidy programs, with
FY2000 spending approximating FY1999 levels. Also requested were a 5% reduction
to EPA spending; a 7% increase in funds for NSF, and a small reduction to funds for
NASA. In spite of continued resistance in Congress to its programs (mostly
AmeriCorps), the Administration again proposed expansion of CNS by adding $110
million to FY1999 levels of $438.5 million.
Vetoes (FY1977-FY1999)
CRS Report RS20349, Annual Appropriations Acts Vetoed by the President:
FY1977-1999, by Robert Keith.
CRS Appropriations Coordinators
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Tel.
Agriculture
Ralph Chite
RSI
7-7296
Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary
Ed Knight
G&F
7-7785
Defense
Stephen Daggett
FDT
7-7642
District of Columbia
Eugene P. Boyd
G&F
7-8689
Energy and Water
Carl Behrens
RSI
7-8303
Energy and Water
Marc Humphries
RSI
7-7264
Foreign Operations
Larry Nowels
FDT
7-7645
Interior
Alfred R.
RSI
7-7236
Greenwood
Labor, Health, Human Services, and
Paul M. Irwin
DSP
7-7573
Education

CRS-29
CRS
Area of Expertise
Name
Division
Tel.
Legislative Branch
Paul E. Dwyer
G&F
7-8668
Military Construction
Mary T.
FDT
7-3144
Tyszkiewicz
Transportation
Paul Rothberg
G&F
7-7252
Transportation
Duane Thompson
RSI
7-7252
Treasury, Postal Service
Sharon Gressle
G&F
7-8677
Veterans and Housing and Urban
Dennis W. Snook
RSI
7-7314
Development
Division abbreviations: DSP = Domestic Social Policy; FDT = Foreign Affairs, Defense and
Trade; G&F = Government and Finance; RSI = Resources, Science, and Industry.
Appropriations Information on the Internet
Analysis/Vote Status Table (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/apppage.html]
Bills, Reports, Laws (Full-Text): FY1997-FY2000
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/legislation/appro.html]
Budget Process Institutes (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/briefing.html#budget]
Coordinators and Key Policy Staff (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appkpstf.html]
Cost Estimates of Legislation (CBO) [http://www.cbo.gov/costextend.shtml]
“CBO prepares cost estimates and mandates statements for all bills ordered reported
by a full committee of the Congress ... Unless listed separately, intergovernmental and
private-sector mandates statements for each bill are included in the cost estimate.”
Search by bill number, word or phrase, committee, or budget function.
Discretionary Appropriations (CBO)
[http://www.cbo.gov/]
Estimates of discretionary appropriations budget authority and outlays. (Located at
the bottom of the CBO Home Page under “Data Highlights.”)
Expiring Authorizations and Unauthorized Appropriations (CBO)
“The purpose of the report is to help the Congress adopt authorizing legislation that
should be in place before it considers the 13 regular appropriation bills for the fiscal
year.”
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1812&sequence=0&from=7]
Fact Sheets on Budget and Appropriation Topics (CRS)
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/CRSFactSheets/FactSheetNavigation
NF.html]

CRS-30
Glossaries
[http://lcweb.loc.gov/crs/legproc/newformat/Glossary/CQDictionaryNF.html]
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/republican/reference/cliff_notes/cliffapi.htm]
[http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1059&sequence=14]
Hearings, Committee Membership, Jurisdiction, Rules
House: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/house02.html]
Senate: [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate03.html]
Locating Agencies, Departments, and Programs in Appropriation
Bills. “I’m looking for a particular program, but I don’t know which appropriation
bill it’s in.” Federal agencies may receive funds from more than one appropriations
act. Consult the “Guide to Federal Programs” on the CRS FY2000 Appropriations
Products Page; it identifies the major source of appropriated funds for federal
agencies and programs.
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appprogs.html]
See also: [http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/jurisd.htm]
Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs)
Statements and veto indicators on appropriations (and non-appropriations) legislation
scheduled for House or Senate floor action. Covers the 106th and 105th Congresses
and can be searched by bill number, by appropriations legislation, or by
Appropriations subcommittees.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/Appropriations/]
302(b) Allocations and Revisions. For the most recent 302(b) allocations,
check the House and Senate Appropriations Committee Pages:
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/FY00302b.htm]
House 302(b) Allocations and Revisions: H.Rept. 106-163 (May 25, 1999),
H.Rept. 106-217 (July 1, 1999), H.Rept. 106-233 (July 14, 1999), H. Rept. 106-245
(July 20,1999), H. Rept. 106-288 (August 4, 1999), H.Rept. 106-373 (October 12,
1999).
Senate 302(b) Allocations and Revisions: S.Rept. 106-52 (May 25, 1999),
S.Rept. 106-56 (May 27, 1999), S.Rept. 106-73 (June 10, 1999), S.Rept. 106-85
(June 24, 1999), S.Rept. 106-101 (July 1, 1999), S.Rept. 106-118 (July 22,1999),
S.Rept. 106-158 (September 15, 1999), S.Rept. 106-165 (September 28, 1999).
Veto Indications
The White House viewpoint on appropriation bills can be found in the Statements of
Administration Policy (SAPs):
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/Appropriations/]
Votes on Appropriations Legislation (CRS)
[http://www.loc.gov/crs/products/appover.html]

CRS-31
Appropriations Process
Appropriations Sequence
The congressional budget and appropriations sequence ideally flows as shown
below. However, in practice the process is rarely so simple. The following links from
GPO provide comprehensive access to the House and Senate Budget and
Appropriation Committee Web sites, publications, hearings, prints, legislation,
membership, jurisdiction, and rules.
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/hclinks.html]
[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/sclinks.html]
! President presents his budget proposals to Congress by the first Monday in
February.
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/budget/index.html]
! House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the President’s
budget, with testimony from the Administration, CBO, Federal Reserve, and
others.
[http://www.house.gov/budget/]
[http://www.senate.gov/~budget/]
! CBO, which is an independent support agency for Congress, assists the Budget
committees through the process with reports on economic forecasts, budgetary
analysis, and deficit/surplus options, including The Economic and Budget
Outlook (and Update issued in July), An Analysis of the President’s Budget
Proposals, and Maintaining Budgetary Discipline: Spending and Revenue
Options.
[www.cbo.gov]
! House and Senate Appropriations committees and subcommittees hold
hearings to review budget justifications from each federal agency.
[http://www.house.gov/appropriations/]
[http://www.senate.gov/~appropriations/]
! House and Senate Budget Committees receive Views and Estimates on
spending and revenues from all full committees 6 weeks after the President’s
budget is received.
! House and Senate Budget Committees report budget resolutions to the House
and Senate, respectively.
! Each Chamber debates and considers amendments to the original resolution.
! Each Chamber adopts a budget resolution, with differences between the two
versions resolved in a conference committee.
! Each Chamber adopts the final version. The budget resolution is not signed
by the President and does not become public law.
! Each House and Senate Appropriations subcommittee holds markups, in which
they consider amendments and formulate the regular bill under their

CRS-32
jurisdiction. Each subsequently reports its version to their respective
Appropriations Committee.
! Full House and Senate Appropriations Committees hold markups on their
subcommittees’ versions and report the committees’ versions to their
respective Chambers.
! House and Senate debate, consider amendments, and pass each regular bill;
differences between the House- and Senate-passed bills are resolved in
conference committee. The final version is adopted by both Chambers and
sent to the President. If the bill is approved, it becomes law. Generally, either
all 13 regular bills are enacted separately, or some are enacted together in an
omnibus measure.
! House and Senate adopt continuing resolutions to provide short-term funding
if the regular bills are not enacted by the October 1 deadline.
! Appropriations follow the same legislative course as other legislation, affected
by congressional rules, congressional procedures, and possible presidential
approval or veto (procedure). White House indications of opposition or
support to appropriation and non-appropriation legislation scheduled for floor
action, called Statements of Administration Policy (SAPs) are located at:
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/legislative/sap/Appropriations/]
Appropriations and Budget Process Overview
(The following is excerpted from CRS Report RL30001, 106th Congress: Key Issues and Early
Agenda, p. 7-10.)
Many of the key issues that Congress faces each year are addressed through
budgetary legislation or legislation that has important budgetary components. As a
consequence, the legislative agenda is closely tied to the requirements and constraints
of the federal budget process.
The President’s Budget and the Budget Resolution. Following many months
of development by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the executive
agencies, the President’s budget is submitted to Congress. Under current law, the
deadline for the budget submission is the first Monday in February. Congress
considers the President’s budget recommendations through a decentralized committee
system that involves multiple budget processes.
Before Congress acts on individual spending and revenue legislation to
implement budget policies, it is required (by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974,
as amended) to fashion its own budget plan in the form of a concurrent resolution.
The budget resolution, under the jurisdiction of House and Senate Budget
Committees, is not sent to the President for approval or veto. Instead, it is enforced
through the rules and procedures of each Chamber.

CRS-33
The budget resolution sets overall fiscal and budgetary policy; specific
programmatic decisions are left to the revenue and spending committees. Final House
and Senate action on the budget resolution is scheduled for completion by April 15.
While the House and Senate often complete initial action by this date, final action
usually is not completed until weeks, or even months, later.
Implementation of the Budget. Revenue and borrowing decisions fall within
the jurisdiction of the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance
Committee. Spending decisions are decided along two tracks. Discretionary
spending, which is under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate Appropriations
Committees, is provided annually in regular, supplemental, and continuing
appropriations acts. Direct spending, which largely involves entitlement and other
mandatory programs (such as Social Security, Medicare, federal retirement, and
unemployment insurance), is under the jurisdiction of the Ways and Means and
Finance Committees, as well as other House and Senate legislative committees, and
is provided in substantive legislation. For the most part, revenues and direct spending
flow automatically each year without any legislative action. Congress, however,
usually decides each year to make some changes in revenue and direct spending laws.
Reconciliation Legislation. Since 1980, Congress has used an optional
reconciliation process in conjunction with the budget resolution. The process allows
the House and Senate to instruct committees, in the budget resolution, to develop
legislation by a particular deadline that conforms existing revenue and direct spending
law to budget resolution policies. The legislative recommendations of the instructed
committees usually are consolidated into an omnibus bill in each Chamber, which is
considered under expedited procedures.
Reconciliation has been used 11 times since 1980, resulting in the enactment of
14 separate reconciliation bills. For many years, the reconciliation process was used
primarily to reduce the deficit (often through a combination of spending cuts and
revenue increases) and, in some instances, to increase the debt limit. Recently,
reconciliation also has been used to reduce revenues and to increase spending for
some programs. Two reconciliation bills, one dealing principally with revenue matters
and the other with direct spending, were enacted in 1997 to implement the 1997
budget summit agreement. In view of the many changes in budget policy expected
to be considered in 1999, the House and Senate may well use the reconciliation
process again.
Annual Appropriations Acts. Roughly one-third of all federal spending is
discretionary spending provided in annual appropriations acts (some direct spending,
such as funding for Medicaid, also is provided in annual appropriations acts, but the
levels of such spending effectively are determined by the legislative committees).
Although the rules of the House and Senate traditionally have served to separate the
consideration of appropriations from legislative matters, policy issues often arise in
the appropriations process in the form of legislative “riders.” The final appropriation
act considered in the 105th Congress, the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act for FY1999 (P.L. 105-277), was a massive bill.
Although it merged together the full text of eight of the 13 regular appropriations
acts, along with emergency supplemental appropriations, well over one-third of its
text contained legislative riders, such as the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring

CRS-34
Act of 1998, the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, and the
Internet Tax Freedom Act.
Budget Resolution Enforcement and Sequestration. Budget resolution
policies are enforced under the 1974 Congressional Budget Act by the reconciliation
process and by point-of-order provisions that operate as House and Senate rules.
Although enforcement procedures under the 1974 Act are extensive, reconciliation
potentially is the most important enforcement tool for revenue and direct spending
legislation; annual appropriations measures are controlled principally by allocations
of spending made to the Appropriations Committees and their subcommittees under
Section 302 of the Act (the so-called 302 allocations and subdivisions).
Congressional action on budgetary legislation also is influenced by enforcement
procedures under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985,
as amended by the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 and other laws. Under
a sequestration process in the Act, automatic spending reductions are made toward
the end of the congressional session if, in the judgment of the director of the Office
of Management and Budget, certain budgetary goals specified in the law are not met.
Discretionary spending is controlled by adjustable discretionary spending
limits, while legislation affecting revenues or direct spending is subject to a deficit-
neutral, “pay-as-you-go” (PAYGO) requirement. In 1997, these procedures were
extended to bills considered through FY2002. The congressional budget process is
linked in various ways to the statutory discretionary spending limits and PAYGO
requirement.
The President gives Congress a preliminary assessment of the likelihood of a
sequester in his sequestration preview report, included in his February budget
submission. These figures are updated in the Mid-Session Review, issued in July by
OMB. At first, sequestration was viewed as giving the President and Congress a
strong incentive to reach agreement on budgetary goals, thereby avoiding the
legislative deadlock that characterized the early 1980s. With the emergence of a
surplus, however, some Members have questioned the need for continuing the BEA
procedures. They argue that the BEA procedures should be eliminated, or at least
substantially modified, so that Congress and the President can “use” the surplus for
tax cuts and other actions otherwise prohibited.
(For more detailed information, see CRS Report 98-721, Introduction to the
Federal Budget Process, CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget
Process, and CRS Report 97-684, The Congressional Appropriations Process: An
Introduction.)
Discretionary vs. Mandatory (Direct) Spending
Discretionary spending, which is usually funded through the 13 annual
appropriation bills, accounted for 33.6% ($554.7 billion) of total federal spending in
FY1998 (the most recent fiscal year for which actual outlays are available).
Discretionary funding activities include national defense, transportation, education,
income security, agriculture, natural resources and the environment, international
affairs, the space program, and salaries and expenses for federal agencies.

CRS-35
Mandatory (direct) spending, including net interest, accounted for 66.4%
($1,652.6 billion) of all spending in FY1998. Of that amount, interest on the national
debt accounted for approximately 14.7 % ($243.4 billion) and entitlement programs
accounted for 51.7% ($854.5 billion). Some of the larger entitlement programs
include (in descending order) Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, the Civil Service
Retirement and Disability Fund, unemployment compensation, military retirement,
supplemental security income (SSI), food stamps, veterans’ pension and
compensation, and family support payments (Aid to Families with Dependent
Children). Entitlements are based solely on meeting eligibility criteria (age, income,
etc.) and are sometimes referred to as “uncontrolled” spending.
Table 5. Discretionary/Mandatory Outlays: FY1981-1998
(in billions of dollars)
Fiscal
Entitlement/
Discretionary
Net
Offsetting
Year
Other Mandatory
Total
Spending
Interest
Receipts
Outlays
Spending
1981
307.8
339.6
68.8
-37.9
678.2
1982
325.8
370.9
85.0
-36.0
745.8
1983
353.1
410.7
89.8
-45.3
808.4
1984
379.2
405.8
111.1
-44.2
851.9
1985
415.7
448.4
129.5
-47.1
946.5
1986
438.4
462.0
136.0
-45.9
990.9
1987
444.0
474.4
138.7
-52.9
1,004.1
1988
464.2
505.3
151.8
-56.8
1,064.5
1989
488.6
549.6
169.3
-63.8
1,143.7
1990
500.3
627.3
184.2
-58.7
1,253.2
1991
533.0
702.6
194.5
-105.7
1,324.4
1992
534.0
716.6
199.4
-68.4
1,381.7
1993
540.4
736.8
198.8
-66.6
1,409.4
1994
543.3
784.0
203.0
-68.5
1,461.7
1995
545.1
818.2
232.2
-79.7
1,515.7
1996
533.8
857.5
241.1
-71.9
1,560.5
1997
548.3
896.3
244.0
-87.3
1,601.2
1998
553.6
938.6
243.4
-84.1
1,651.4
Source: Congressional Budget Office. The Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 2000-2009.
January 1999. Washington, GPO, 1999. Table F-8, p. 132.

CRS-36
Administration Appropriation Requests and Amounts Enacted
Table 6. Administration Requests and Amounts Enacted
Difference
Calendar
Amount Requested
Amount Enacted
(under -)
Year
by President
(over +)
1981
541,827,827,909
554,457,423,541
+2,629,595,632
1982
507,740,133,484
514,832,375,371
+7,092,241,887
1983
542,956,052,209
551,620,505,328
+8,664,453,119
1984
576,343,258,980
559,151,835,986
-17,191,422,994
1985
588,698,503,939
583,446,885,087
-5,251,618,852
1986
590,345,199,494
577,279,102,494
-13,066,097,000
1987
618,268,048,956
614,526,518,150
-3,741,530,806
1988
621,250,663,756
625,967,372,769
+4,716,709,013
1989
652,138,432,359
666,211,680,769
+14,073,248,410
1990
704,510,961,506
697,257,739,756
-7,253,221,750
1991
756,428,166,591
748,448,989,695
-7,979,176,896
1992
776,072,233,291
764,493,307,753
-11,578,925,538
1993
818,126,396,224
788,612,997,811
-29,513,398,413
1994
786,217,794,485
783,750,778,821
-2,467,015,664
1995
804,207,430,414
761,097,095,624
-43,110,334,790
1996
801,214,438,737
793,403,351,752
-7,811,086,985
1997
799,196,396,980
787,614,001,680
-11,582,395,300
1998
859,790,824,685
864,003,763,488
+4,212,938,803
1999
916,654,274,000
922,902,292,000
+6,248,018,000
Source: House Committee on Appropriations, 11/23/99. Comparison of Administration budget authority
requests of regular annual, supplemental, and deficiency appropriation bills to the amount enacted.