Legislative Branch: FY2027 Appropriations

Legislative Branch: FY2027 Appropriations

Legislative Branch: FY2027 Appropriations

July 30, 2026 (R49049)
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Contents

FY2027 Consideration: Overview of Actions

Status of FY2027 Appropriations: Dates and Documents

Submission of FY2027 Budget Request on April 3, 2026

Senate and House Hearings on the FY2027 Budget Requests

House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Markup of FY2027 Bill

House Appropriations Committee Markup and Reporting of the FY2027 Bill (H.R. 9010; H.Rept. 119-666)

Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends

FY2027 Legislative Branch Funding Issues

Senate

Overall Funding

Senate Committee Funding

Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account

House of Representatives

Overall Funding

House Committee Funding

Members' Representational Allowance

Compensation of Interns

Support Agency Funding

U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)

Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR)

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

Architect of the Capitol (AOC)

Library of Congress (LOC)

Government Publishing Office (GPO)

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL)

John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development

General Provisions

Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Figures

Figure 1. Legislative Branch Funding FY2010-FY2026

Figure 2. Distribution of Legislative Branch Funding: FY2021-FY2026

Figure 3. Timing of Legislative Branch Appropriations Consideration: FY1997-FY2027

Tables

Table 1. Status of Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2027

Table 2. Dates of House and Senate Hearings on Legislative Branch FY2027 Budget Requests

Table 3. Legislative Branch Funding, FY2010-FY2026: In Current and Constant Dollars

Table 4. General Provisions

Table 5. Legislative Branch Appropriations: Funding Levels by Agency or Entity

Table 6. Senate Appropriations

Table 7. House of Representatives Appropriations

Table 8. Capitol Police Appropriations

Table 9. Architect of the Capitol Appropriations

Table A-1. Overview of Legislative Branch Appropriations: FY1998-FY2027

Appendixes

Appendix. Fiscal Year Information and Resources

Summary

The legislative branch appropriations bill provides funding for the Senate; House of Representatives; Joint Items; Capitol Police; Office of Congressional Workplace Rights; Congressional Budget Office; Architect of the Capitol; Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service; Government Publishing Office; Government Accountability Office; Congressional Office for International Leadership; and John C. Stennis Center.

The FY2027 Budget Appendix volume was submitted on April 3, 2026 ($8.512 billion, or +17.3% from the FY2026 enacted level). The House Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee held hearings on the requests in March 2026, and the Senate Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee held hearings in April and May. On April 30, 2026, the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, held a markup of the FY2027 bill and ordered it reported (5-4). On May 20, 2026, the full House Appropriations Committee marked up the bill and order it reported by roll call vote (Roll no. 8, 34-28) (H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666). The House-reported bill would provide $5.442 billion (Title I only), not including Senate items, a $93.2 million decrease (-1.7%) from the comparable FY2026 enacted level.

Previously

The FY2026 act (P.L. 119-37) included $7.125 billion (+5.6%) in Division C (Title I) for legislative branch operations ($7.258 billion, or +7.6%, including funding provided in Division A and Title II of Division C).

The FY2025 level of $6.740 billion represented a decrease of $9.0 million (-0.1%) from FY2024.

The FY2024 level of $6.749 billion represented a decrease of $157.7 million, or -2.3%, when compared to the "grand total" for FY2023; or a decrease of $144.0 million, or -2.1%, when considering Title I only.

The FY2023 level of $6.899 billion (not including supplemental appropriations of $7.5 million) represented an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 level.

The FY2022 level of $5.924 billion represented an increase of $618.8 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021 level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.

The FY2021 level of $5.304 billion represented an increase of $255.0 million (+5.1%) from the FY2020 level, not including the FY2021 supplemental.

The FY2020 level of $5.049 billion represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019 level, not including the FY2020 supplemental.

The FY2019 level of $4.836 billion represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from FY2018, not including the FY2019 supplemental.

The FY2018 level of $4.700 billion represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from FY2017.

The FY2017 level of $4.440 billion represented an increase of $77.0 million (+1.7%) from FY2016.

The FY2016 level of $4.363 billion represented an increase of $63.0 million (+1.5%) from FY2015.

The smallest of the appropriations bills, the legislative branch bill comprises approximately 0.4% of total discretionary budget authority.

FY2027 Consideration: Overview of Actions

The first section of this report provides an overview of the consideration of FY2027 legislative branch appropriations, with subsections covering each action, including

the initial submission of the legislative branch budget request on April 3, 2026 ($8.512 billion, or +17.3% from the FY2026 enacted level);

hearings held by the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, in March 2026, and hearings held by the Senate Legislative Branch Appropriations Subcommittee in April and May;

the April 30, 2026, markup of the FY2027 legislative branch appropriations bill by the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, which approved it for full committee consideration by roll call vote (5-4); and

the May 20, 2026, markup of the FY2027 legislative branch appropriations bill by the House Appropriations Committee, which ordered it to be reported by roll call vote (Roll no. 8, 34-28). The measure was reported as an original bill on May 22 (H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666).

It is followed by a section on prior-year actions and funding, which contains a historical table and figure.

The report then provides an overview of the FY2027 budget requests of individual legislative branch agencies and entities.

Table 5 through Table 9 list enacted funding levels for FY2026, and funding levels in the FY2027 request and the FY2027 House-reported bill.

The Appendix lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Status of FY2027 Appropriations: Dates and Documents

Table 1. Status of Legislative Branch Appropriations, FY2027

House Committee Markup | Senate Committee Markup | House Report | House Action | Senate Report | Senate Passage | Public Law
34-28 5/20/26 |  | H.R. 9010; H.Rept. 119-666 |  |  |  |

Source: Congressional Research Service examination of congress.gov data.

Note: The House subcommittee markup was held on April 30, 2026, and the motion to report the bill to the full committee was agreed to by roll call (5-4).

Submission of FY2027 Budget Request on April 3, 2026

The FY2027 Budget Appendix volume, which includes the legislative branch budget request, was submitted on April 3, 2026 ($8.512 billion, +17.3% compared to total legislative branch appropriations in P.L. 119-37).

As explained annually by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB):¹

The budget covers the agencies of all three branches of Government—Executive, Legislative, and Judicial—and provides information on Government-sponsored enterprises. In accordance with law or established practice, OMB includes information on agencies of the Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and certain Executive Branch agencies as submitted by those agencies without change.

The independence of the submissions by the legislative branch agencies and entities is codified in Title 31, Section 1105, of the U.S. Code, which states the following:²

Estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations for the legislative branch and the judicial branch to be included in each budget ... shall be submitted to the President ... and included in the budget by the President without change.

Furthermore, Division C of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) added language to Title 31, Section 1107, relating to budget amendments, stating the following:

The President shall transmit promptly to Congress without change, proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations submitted to the President by the legislative branch and the judicial branch.

Senate and House Hearings on the FY2027 Budget Requests

Table 2 lists the dates of hearings of the legislative branch subcommittees.

Table 2. Dates of House and Senate Hearings on Legislative
Branch FY2027 Budget Requests

| House of Representativesa | Senateb
Senate | — | April 22, 2026
House of Representatives | March 17, 2026 | —
U.S. Capitol Police | March 17, 2026 | April 22, 2026
Office of Congressional Workplace Rights | — | —
Congressional Budget Office | March 18, 2026 | April 15, 2026
Architect of the Capitol | March 18, 2026 | May 12, 2026
Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service (CRS) | March 6, 2026 | May 12, 2026
Government Publishing Office | March 6, 2026 | April 15, 2026
Government Accountability Office | March 18, 2026 | April 15, 2026
Congressional Office for International Leadership | — | —
Member Day/Public Witnesses | March 17, 2026 | —
John C. Stennis Center for Public Service | — | —

Source: CRS examination of House and Senate Appropriations Committee websites.

Notes:

a. The House Appropriations Committee announced via a Dear Colleague letter that it would accept programmatic and language submissions from Members through March 13, 2026. As in prior years, community project funding requests were not accepted for the legislative branch bill. House Appropriations Committee, "FY27 Member Request Guidance," https://appropriations.house.gov/fy27-information/fy27-member-requests-guidance.

b. The Senate Appropriations Committee again indicated that it would not be accepting congressionally directed spending requests for the legislative branch bill. It announced a deadline of April 1, 2026, for both programmatic requests and bill and report language requests. Senate Committee on Appropriations, "General Guidance on Fiscal Year 2027 Appropriations Requests," https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/fy27-appropriations-requests-and-congressionally-directed-spending.

House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Markup of FY2027 Bill

On April 30, 2026, the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, held a markup of the FY2027 bill.

No amendments were offered, and the bill was ordered to be reported to the full committee by roll call vote (5-4).

House Appropriations Committee Markup and Reporting of the FY2027 Bill (H.R. 9010; H.Rept. 119-666)

The House Appropriations Committee held a markup on May 20, 2026.

The bill would provide $5.442 billion in discretionary appropriations (not including Title II [General Provisions] or Senate items), a decrease of $93.2 million, or -1.7%.

A number of amendments were considered:³

1. a manager's amendment, which included bill text related to the Library of Congress in Title I (related to the location of funding for the Constitution Annotated) and Title II (new section related to the appointment of the Librarian of Congress and the Director of the Government Publishing Office; report language related to legislative branch agency performance management practices; pricing and competition in the House office supply store; congressional staff recruitment and retention; childcare for House employees; a House Correspondence Management System Innovation Project; workplace rights and resources; and the proposed Rayburn House Office Building renovation) (voice vote);

2. an amendment offered by Representative Espaillat providing additional funding in the bill for GAO (not adopted, Roll no. 1, 27-33);

3. an amendment offered by Representative DeLauro that would transfer unobligated balances in prior year appropriations available to the Office of Management and Budget to the Comptroller General "for the purposes of finding budgeting and accounting efficiencies in the executive branch," as well as report language related to inefficient and wasteful management of appropriations (not adopted, Roll no. 2, 27-34);

4. an amendment offered by Representative Aguilar related to employment by Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA) recipients in the legislative branch (not adopted, Roll no. 3, 30-32);

5. an amendment offered by Representative Torres adding bill language requiring in-person workplace misconduct training for Members of Congress (adopted by voice vote, as amended by an amendment offered by Representative Maloy);

6. an amendment offered by Representative Maloy to an amendment offered by Representative Torres, adding report language supporting the work by the "Speaker's office and the Republican Women's Caucus and the Democratic Women's Caucus task force to review sexual misconduct procedures in Congress and make holistic recommendations on how to better protect victims and guarantee fair and impartial investigation and accountability" (adopted, Roll no. 4, 34-26);

7. an amendment offered by Representative Levin prohibiting any individual who has served as President, Vice President, or a Member of Congress from receiving payments from the judgement fund "unless such funds are explicitly distributed by operation of a final judgement or other binding order approved or issued by a court of the United States" (not adopted, Roll no. 5, 27-32);

8. an amendment offered by Representative Dean adding report language directing the Architect of the Capitol to develop an exhibit in the Capitol Complex relating to January 6, 2021 (not adopted, Roll no. 6, 28-34);

9. an amendment offered by Representative Ivey striking language in the bill prohibiting GAO from bringing a civil action pursuant to the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 687) unless Congress has adopted a concurrent resolution authorizing the Comptroller General to bring such civil action (not adopted, Roll no. 7, 28-34);

10. an amendment offered by Representative Gluesenkamp Perez adding report language directing the Architect of the Capitol to develop a quilting show (adopted by voice vote);

11. an amendment offered by Representative Gluesenkamp Perez adding report language directing "the Office of Congressional Conduct to develop a standard for what constitutes conduct that does not reflect credibly upon the House, as it relates to a Member of Congress's ability to perform the duties of office unimpeded by significant irreversible cognitive impairment" (not adopted by voice vote);

12. an amendment offered by Representative Ivey adding language to the report related to food service workers and the award and renewal of contracts for food and beverage services in the House (not adopted by voice vote);

13. an amendment offered by Representative Hoyer to strike Section 210, which prohibits any adjustment to Member salaries in FY2027 (withdrawn);

14. an amendment offered by Representative Hoyer related to crediting overtime toward Capitol Police retirement (withdrawn);

15. an amendment offered by Representative Zinke adding a new general provision related to in-person work (withdrawn);

16. an amendment offered by Representative Torres providing additional funding for the Committee on Ethics investigations (withdrawn);

17. an amendment offered by Representative Guest to an amendment offered by Representative Torres providing report language supporting additional funding for the Committee on Ethics investigations (withdrawn); and

18. an amendment offered by Representative Torres to require Members of Congress under an active, open, and public investigation of misconduct by the Ethics Committee to conduct their workplace conduct training in person (adopted by voice vote).

The final vote in the committee markup was 34-28 (Roll no. 8), and the bill was reported on May 22 (H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666).

Funding in Prior Years: Brief Overview and Trends

Legislative Branch: Historical Percentage of Total Discretionary Budget Authority

The percentage of total discretionary budget authority provided to the legislative branch has remained relatively stable at approximately 0.4% since at least FY1976.⁴ The maximum level, not including the transition quarter,⁵ was in FY1995 (0.48%), and the minimum was in FY2020 (0.28%).

FY2026

At the beginning of FY2026, none of the 12 regular appropriations bills had been enacted, nor had a CR been enacted to provide budget authority for the projects and activities covered by those 12 bills. As a consequence, many legislative branch agency activities were required to shut down beginning October 1, 2025, although the House and Senate continued to engage in certain aspects of the legislative process.

FY2026 funding was provided in P.L. 119-37, which was enacted on November 12, 2025. Total funding in Title I and Title II (general provisions) of Division C ($7.125 billion), and funding provided in Division A (the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026: $522,000 for "Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress" and $30.0 million for "United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements") was $7.258 billion.

Section 6 of P.L. 119-75 provided one additional gratuity payment.

FY2025

FY2025 funding was provided in Division A of the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (P.L. 119-4), which was enacted on March 15, 2025. The act provided for a continuation of FY2024 funding levels, under the same authorities and conditions, with some anomalies ($6.740 billion, a decrease of $9.0 million, or -0.1%). FY2025 anomalies for the legislative branch included (1) a provision specifying no funding for the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies of 2025 (a joint committee on the inaugural is funded once every four years); (2) a provision extending the freeze on Member pay for FY2025; and (3) provisions adjusting funding for certain amounts provided for the Senate, House of Representatives, Office of the Attending Physician, Capitol Police, and Architect of the Capitol. In addition, three gratuity payments were provided pursuant to P.L. 118-83 (September 23, 2024) and GAO received $10.0 million "for audits and investigations related to Hurricanes Helene and Milton, and other disasters declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in calendar years 2023 and 2024" (Division B, Title IX of P.L. 118-158 [December 21, 2024]).

FY2024

FY2024 funding was provided in Division E of the FY2024 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 118-47), which was enacted on March 23, 2024. The act provided $6.749 billion, a decrease of $157.7 million, or -2.3%, when compared to the "grand total" for FY2023 (or a decrease of $144.0 million, or -2.1%, when considering Title I only).

FY2023

FY2023 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-328), which was enacted on December 29, 2022. The act provided $6.899 billion for legislative branch activities, an increase of $975.2 million (+16.5%) from the FY2022 enacted level.

An additional $7.5 million was provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328 (Division M, Title VI). A gratuity payment was included in P.L. 117-128.

FY2022

FY2022 funding was provided by Division I of the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-103), which was enacted on March 15, 2022. The act provided $5.924 billion for legislative branch activities, an increase of $619.96 million (+11.7%) from the FY2021 level, not including FY2021 emergency appropriations; and an increase of $166.6 million (+2.9%), when including FY2021 emergency appropriations.⁶

FY2021

FY2021 funding was provided by Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 133, P.L. 116-260), which was enacted on December 27, 2020. The act provided $5.304 billion in new budget authority for legislative branch activities, an increase of $251.2 million (+5.1%) (not including emergency appropriations). Joint explanatory text appeared in House Rules Committee Print 116-68,⁷ and in the Congressional Record.⁸ P.L. 116-260 also contained additional titles related to the legislative branch in Division O—Extensions and Technical Corrections: Title VII—Deputy Architect of the Capitol Amendments, and in Division FF—Other Matter: Title IV—Senate Sergeant at Arms Cloud Services.

The Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 3237, P.L. 117-31) was enacted on July 30, 2021. The act provided

$7.83 million for the Senate Sergeant at Arms "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";

two gratuity payments for heirs of deceased Members of Congress;

$11.65 million for the House of Representatives, Allowances and Expenses, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";

$37.50 million for Capitol Police, Salaries, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";

$33.17 million for Capitol Police, General Expenses, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";

$800,000 for Capitol Police, General Expenses, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";

$35.40 million for Capitol Police, Mutual Aid Reimbursements;

an administrative provision designating the Capitol Police wellness program the "Howard C. Liebengood Center for Wellness";

an administrative provision adjusting the maximum annual payable rate for any member or civilian employee of the Capitol Police;

$21.87 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capital Construction and Operations, "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus";

$300.00 million for the Architect of the Capitol, Capitol Police Buildings, Grounds and Security, "to respond to the events at the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021";

a general provision prohibiting the use of funds "in prior fiscal years, this fiscal year, or any fiscal year thereafter ... to install permanent, above-ground fencing around the perimeter, or any portion thereof, of the United States Capitol Grounds"; and

a general provision authorizing the Architect of the Capitol to accept contributions or incur obligations and make expenditures related to "supplies, products, and services necessary to respond to an emergency involving the safety of human life or the protection of property, as determined or declared by the Capitol Police Board, which may be provided for the use of any office which is located within any building, grounds, or facility for which the Architect of the Capitol is responsible for the maintenance, care, and operation."

FY2020

FY2020 funding was provided in Division E of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-94), which was enacted on December 20, 2019. The $5.049 billion provided for the legislative branch represented an increase of $202.8 million (+4.2%) from the FY2019 level. Additional language related to the legislative branch was included in Division P.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020) provided additional funding to allow legislative branch entities "to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus, domestically or internationally." Funding included

Senate: $1.0 million for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and $9.0 million for "Miscellaneous Items."

House: $25.0 million for the "House of Representatives, Salaries and Expenses" account. This account funds all activities of the House, but it does not fund salaries of Members of Congress.

Office of the Attending Physician: $400,000.

Capitol Police: $12.0 million for salaries. The Capitol Police were also provided authority to transfer funding to the "general expenses" account without the approval requirement provided in Title 2, Section 1907(a) of the U.S. Code.

Architect of the Capitol: $25.0 million, for preparing and responding to the COVID-19 emergency and to allow the Architect to "purchase and distribute cleaning and sanitation products throughout all facilities and grounds under the care of the Architect of the Capitol, wherever located, and any related services and operational costs."

Library of Congress: $700,000 for the Little Scholars Child Development Center.

Government Accountability Office: $20.0 million to prepare and respond to the emergency, for audits and investigations, and for reimbursement of the Tiny Findings Child Development Center.

The CARES Act also contained a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch, including provisions governing the use of funds provided in the act; authorizing payments for certain goods and services; waiving certain mass mailing restrictions related to life safety; a technical correction related to the Library of Congress; a conforming amendment related to the Family and Medical Leave Act; a section related to oversight and audit authority; and a section related to National Emergency Relief Authority for the Register of Copyrights.

FY2019

FY2019 funding was provided in Division B of the Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-244), which was enacted on September 21, 2018. The $4.836 billion provided for the legislative branch represented an increase of $136.0 million (+2.9%) from the FY2018 enacted level.

An additional $10.0 million in FY2019 supplemental appropriations for GAO "for audits and investigations related to Hurricanes Florence, Lane, and Michael, Typhoons Yutu and Mangkhut, the calendar year 2018 wildfires, earthquakes, and volcano eruptions, and other disasters declared pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act" was included in two bills considered in the 116th Congress: H.R. 268, which passed the House on January 16, 2019—cloture was not invoked in the Senate; and H.R. 2157, which passed the House on May 10, 2019 (Roll no. 202), and the Senate (with an amendment) on May 23, 2019 (Record Vote Number: 129). H.R. 2157 was enacted June 6, 2019 (P.L. 116-20).

FY2018

FY2018 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), which was enacted on March 23, 2018. The $4.700 billion provided by the act represented an increase of $260.0 million (+5.9%) from the FY2017 enacted level.

In addition, P.L. 115-123, enacted February 9, 2018, provided $14.0 million to GAO "for audits and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the 2017 wildfires" (Title IX of Division B).

FY2017

FY2017 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 (P.L. 115-31), which was enacted on May 5, 2017. The $4.440 billion provided by the act represented a $77.0 million increase (+1.7%) from the FY2016 enacted level.

FY2016

FY2016 funding was provided in Division I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), which was enacted on December 18, 2015. The $4.363 billion provided by the act represented a $63.0 million increase (+1.5%) from the FY2015 enacted level.

FY2015

FY2015 funding was provided in Division H of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), which was enacted on December 16, 2014. The $4.300 billion provided by the act represented an increase of $41.7 million (+1.0%) from FY2014.

FY2014

Neither a legislative branch appropriations bill nor a continuing resolution (CR) containing FY2014 funding was enacted prior to the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1, 2013. A funding gap, which resulted in a partial government shutdown, ensued for 16 days. The funding gap was terminated by the enactment of a CR (P.L. 113-46) on October 17, 2013. The CR provided funding through January 15, 2014.⁹ Following enactment of a CR on January 15 (P.L. 113-73), a consolidated appropriations bill was enacted on January 17 (P.L. 113-76), providing $4.259 billion for the legislative branch for FY2014.

FY2013

FY2013 funding of approximately $4.061 billion was provided by P.L. 113-6, which was signed into law on March 26, 2013.¹⁰ The act funded legislative branch accounts at the FY2012 enacted level, with some exceptions (also known as "anomalies"), not including across-the-board rescissions required by Section 3004 of P.L. 113-6. Section 3004 was intended to eliminate any amount by which the new budget authority provided in the act exceeded the FY2013 discretionary spending limits in Section 251(c)(2) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as amended by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (P.L. 112-25) and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240). Subsequent to the enactment of P.L. 113-6, OMB calculated that additional rescissions of 0.032% of security budget authority and 0.2% of nonsecurity budget authority would be required. The act did not alter the sequestration reductions implemented on March 1, which reduced most legislative branch accounts by 5.0%.¹¹ The accompanying OMB report indicated a dollar amount of budget authority to be canceled in each account containing nonexempt funds.¹²

FY2012 and Prior

Division G of the FY2012 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-74) provided $4.307 billion for the legislative branch. This level was $236.9 million below (-5.2%) the FY2011 enacted level. P.L. 112-10 provided $4.543 billion for legislative branch operations in FY2011. This level represented a $125.1 million decrease (-2.7%) from the $4.668 billion provided in the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) and the FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-212). The FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided $4.402 billion. In FY2009, an additional $25.0 million was provided for GAO in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.¹³ P.L. 111-32, the FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act, also contained funding for a new Capitol Police radio system ($71.6 million) and additional funding for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ($2.0 million).¹⁴

As seen in Table 3, legislative branch funding decreased each year from FY2010 through FY2013, and it did not exceed the FY2010 level until FY2018.

Figure 1 shows the same information graphically, while Figure 2 shows the distribution of funds across the legislative branch in FY2021-FY2026.

Table 3. Legislative Branch Funding, FY2010-FY2026: In Current and Constant Dollars

(in billions of dollars)

Fiscal Year | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026
Curr. | 4.669a | 4.543b | 4.307 | 4.061c | 4.259 | 4.300 | 4.363 | 4.440 | 4.700d | 4.846e | 5.049f | 5.304g | 5.924 | 6.899h | 6.749 | 6.740i | 7.258j
Const. | 6.691 | 6.371 | 5.919 | 5.487 | 5.670 | 5.701 | 5.746 | 5.751 | 5.964 | 6.050 | 6.211 | 6.327 | 6.642 | 7.407 | 7.061 | 6.896 | 7.258

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.

Notes: These figures exclude permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill. Constant 2026 dollars calculated using the "Total Non-Defense" deflator in Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940-2031 in the President's FY2027 budget request. See notes below or related CRS reports for additional information on specific years.

a. This number contains appropriations provided by P.L. 111-68 (the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act), and $12.96 million in supplemental appropriations provided for the U.S. Capitol Police in P.L. 111-212 (the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2010).

b. This number does not include scorekeeping adjustment.

c. FY2013 level obtained from the CBO cost estimate for "Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res. 59), Including the Amendment Reported by the House Committee on Rules on September 18, 2013 (H.Res. 352) Discretionary spending (in millions of dollars)," which lists a total for legislative branch budget authority of $4.061 billion, noting that it "includes effects of the 2013 sequestration." This bill contained a small anomaly for the legislative branch.

d. Does not include $14.0 million provided to the Government Accountability Office "for audits and investigations relating to Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria and the 2017 wildfires" (P.L. 115-123, Title IX of Division B, enacted February 9, 2018).

e. The total includes $10.0 million in FY2019 supplemental appropriations for GAO for audits and investigations related to storms and disasters (P.L. 116-20, enacted June 6, 2019).

f. The total does not include $93.1 million in FY2020 supplemental appropriations, including $10.0 million for the Senate, $25.0 million for the House of Representatives, $400,000 for the Office of the Attending Physician, $12.0 million for the Capitol Police, $25.0 million for the Architect of the Capitol, $700,000 for the Library of Congress, and $20.0 million for the Government Accountability Office (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020).

g. The total does not include funding provided in the Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-31, July 30, 2021), which provided $448.6 million.

h. The total does not include $7.5 million in supplemental appropriations provided for GAO in P.L. 117-328.

i. The total does not include $10.0 million in supplemental appropriations provided for GAO in P.L. 118-158.

j. The total includes all funding in P.L. 119-37, including Division C, Title I and Title II (general provisions), and funding provided in Division A (the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026: $522,000 for "Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress" and $30.0 million for "United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements").

Figure 1. Legislative Branch Funding FY2010-FY2026

In Current and Constant Dollars

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.

Notes: The figure does not include permanent budget authorities, including funding for Member pay, that are not included in the annual legislative branch appropriations bill. Total also excludes offsetting collections and authority to spend receipts. Constant dollars calculated using the "Total Non-Defense" deflator in Table 10.1—Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940-2031 in the President's FY2027 budget request.

Figure 2. Distribution of Legislative Branch Funding: FY2021-FY2026

Source: CRS analysis of legislative branch appropriations acts and related budget documents.

Note: This figure does not include permanent budget authorities, offsetting collections, or authority to spend receipts. Abbreviations include the U.S. Capitol Police (USCP), the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR), the Architect of the Capitol (AOC), the Library of Congress (LOC), the Congressional Research Service (CRS), the Government Publishing Office (GPO), the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and the Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL). Although CRS is shown separately, for summary purposes it is included in the LOC total ("non-add").

Figure 3 shows the timing of legislative branch appropriations actions, including the issuance of House and Senate reports, bill passage, and enactment since FY1997. It shows that fiscal year funding for the legislative branch has been determined

on or before October 1 six times during this period (FY1997, FY2000, FY2004, FY2006, FY2010, and FY2019);

twice during October, the first month of the fiscal year (FY1998 and FY1999);

two times in November (FY2002 and FY2026);

nine times in December (FY2001, FY2005, FY2008, FY2012, FY2015, FY2016, FY2020, FY2021, and FY2023); and

11 times in the next calendar year (FY2003, FY2007, FY2009, FY2011, FY2013, FY2014, FY2017, FY2018, FY2022, FY2024, and FY2025).

FY2017 funding, enacted on May 5, 2017, represented the latest date of enactment during this period.

Figure 3. Timing of Legislative Branch Appropriations Consideration: FY1997-FY2027

Figure is interactive in the HTML version of this report.

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Consolidated Legislation' ], ], keys: ['x', 'y', 'z', 'budgetcycle','budgetstep'], }, {name: 'Ongoing Arrow2', //consideration period arrows showInLegend: false, enableMouseTracking: false , states: {inactive: {opacity: 0.5,},}, type: 'scatter', zIndex:9, color: '#B4C7D0',opacity:0.8, marker: {symbol: 'arrow2',radius: 3.5,pointPadding: 0.1,lineWidth: 0,}, data: [ {x: 1672424800000, y: 2002}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2006}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2010}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2012}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2013}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2016}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2017}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2021}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2023}, {x: 1672424800000, y: 2024}, // updated 7/24/24, for 7/25/24 {x: 1658687200000, y:2026}, //update 7/24/2026 //to place, Add 6 to 5th digit ], }, {name: 'Ongoing, dashed line', showInLegend: false, enabledMouseTracking: false, type: 'xrange',grouping:false, colors: ['white'], lineWidth: 2,pointWidth: 0, dashStyle: 'Dot',borderColor:'#384F5A', //pointW controls the height of the shape data: [ { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2002,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2006,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2008,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2010,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2012,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2013,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2016,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2017,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2021,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2023,}, { x: 1671585600000, x2: 1672424800000,y:2024,}, //nextyear { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1644815200000, y: 2003 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1644383200000, y: 2007 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1646356800000, y: 2009 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1649480800000, y: 2011 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647602800000, y: 2013 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1641877600000, y: 2014 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1651208800000, y: 2017 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647493600000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1646802400000, y: 2022 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647407200000, y: 2024 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1646802400000, y: 2025 }, ] }, {name: 'Ongoing Arrow end', //dashed line arrowhead showInLegend: false, enableMouseTracking: false , states: {inactive: {opacity: 0.5,},}, type: 'scatter', zIndex:9, color: '#384F5A', marker: {symbol: 'arrow1',radius: 3,pointPadding: 0.0,lineWidth: 0,}, data: [ {x: 1672172000000, y: 2002}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2006}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2008}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2010}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2012}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2013}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2016}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2017}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2021}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2023}, {x: 1672172000000, y: 2024}, //next year {x: 1644515200000, y: 2003}, {x: 1644083200000, y: 2007}, {x: 1646156800000, y: 2009}, {x: 1649180800000, y: 2011}, {x: 1647302800000, y: 2013}, {x: 1641577600000, y: 2014}, {x: 1650908800000, y: 2017}, {x: 1647193600000, y: 2018}, {x: 1646502400000, y: 2022}, {x: 1647107200000, y: 2024}, 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1641705200000, y: 2008,label:'FY09'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2009,label:'FY10'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2010,label:'FY11'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2011,label:'FY12'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2012,label:'FY13'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2013,label:'FY14'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2014,label:'FY15'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2015,label:'FY16'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2016,label:'FY17'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2017,label:'FY18'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2018,label:'FY19'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2019,label:'FY20'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2020,label:'FY21'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2021,label: 'FY22'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2022,label:'FY23'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2023,label: 'FY24'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2024,label: 'FY25'}, {x: 1641705200000, y: 2025,label: 'FY26'}, //7/14/2025 update {x: 1641705200000, y: 2026,label: 'FY27'}, //7/6/2026 ] }, {name:'Consideration Periods', showInLegend: false, enableMouseTracking:false, states: { inactive: { opacity: 0.5, }}, type: 'xrange', zIndex:0, colors: ['#B4C7D0'], opacity:0.8,pointPadding: 0, pointWidth: 13.5,borderRadius: 0, data: [//(If period extends to next FY, see next part 2) { x: 1655251200000, x2: 1668816000000, y: 1995 }, { x: 1657324800000, x2: 1663372800000, y: 1996 }, { x: 1657843200000, x2: 1665100800000, y: 1997 }, { x: 1654387200000, x2: 1666310400000, y: 1998 }, { x: 1653091200000, x2: 1664409600000, y: 1999 }, { x: 1653350400000, x2: 1671667200000, y: 2000 }, { x: 1657584000000, x2: 1668211200000, y: 2001 }, { x: 1657497600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2002 }, { x: 1656633600000, x2: 1664496000000, y: 2003 }, { x: 1656720000000, x2: 1670544000000, y: 2004 }, { x: 1655683200000, x2: 1659398400000, y: 2005 }, { x: 1654041600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2006 }, { x: 1655596800000, x2: 1672012800000, y: 2007 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1646956800000, y: 2009 }, { x: 1655424000000, x2: 1664582400000, y: 2009 }, { x: 1663286400000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2010 }, { x: 1657843200000, x2: 1671753600000, y: 2011 }, { x: 1654128000000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2012 }, { x: 1657497600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2013 }, { x: 1650153600000, x2: 1671148800000, y: 2014 }, { x: 1652313600000, x2: 1671321600000, y: 2015 }, { x: 1653004800000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2016 }, { x: 1657065600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2017 }, { x: 1653091200000, x2: 1663718400000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1652659200000, x2: 1671494400000, y: 2019 }, { x: 1657843200000, x2: 1672185600000, y: 2020 }, { x: 1656633600000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2021 }, { x: 1656028800000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2022 }, { x: 1656288000000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2023 }, { x: 1655424000000, x2: 1672444800000, y: 2024 }, //updated 6/5/25 { x: 1656633600000, x2: 1668211200000, y: 2025 }, //updated 3/10/2026 { x: 1653177600000, x2: 1658707200000, y: 2026 }, //update 7/24/2026 //Part 2: next fy: when period extends to next fy, this is the part in the next fy. { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1645315200000, y: 2003 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1644883200000, y: 2007 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1649980800000, y: 2011 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1648252800000, y: 2013 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1642377600000, y: 2014 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1651708800000, y: 2017 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647993600000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647302400000, y: 2022 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647907200000, y: 2024 }, { x: 1640995200000, x2: 1647302400000, y: 2025 }, ], }, {name: 'Lapses', showInLegend: false, enableMouseTracking:false, states: { inactive: { opacity: 0.3, }}, type: 'xrange', zIndex:0, colors: ['#F1B434'], //#F1B434 CC8F2B opacity:0.7,pointPadding: 0, pointWidth: 13.5,borderRadius: 0, borderWidth:0,grouping: false, data: [ { x: 1668297600000, x2: 1668816000000, y: 1995 }, { x: 1664596000000, x2: 1665964800000, y: 2013 }, { x: 1642550400000, x2: 1642809600000, y: 2018 }, { x: 1664582400000, x2: 1668211200000, y: 2025 }, ], }, ], annotations: [{ draggable: '', crop:false, labelOptions: { shape: 'rect', borderRadius: 0, backgroundColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0)', borderWidth: 0, allowOverlap:true, zIndex:1 }, labels: [ {point: {x: 1655856000000, y: 2008,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},text: 'No reports filed or separate floor action.', x:0,y:13, style:{color:'#6A8FA1',fontSize:'13px',textOutline: "2px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.5)",},}, //Timeline months //6/26/26 update: change y to 1996 since first yr removed {point: {x: 1642291200000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'JAN', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1644969600000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'FEB', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1647388800000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'MAR', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1650067200000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'APR', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1652659200000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'MAY', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1655337600000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'JUN', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1657929600000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'JUL', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1660608000000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'AUG', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1663286400000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'SEP', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1665878400000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'OCT', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1668556800000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'NOV', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, {point: {x: 1671148800000, y: 1996,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0},y:-30,text: 'DEC', style:{color:'black',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, //FY start {point: {x: 1664619600000, y: 2026,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0}, //6/25/26 update: change y to 2026 6/25/26 verticalAlign: 'top',y:28,x:10,align:'right',text: 'START OF FISCAL YEAR ▲', style:{color:'#A5A4A4',fontSize:'13px',fontWeight:'normal'}, }, //Lapse {point: {x: 1640995200000, y: 2026,xAxis: 0,yAxis: 0}, //6/25/26 update: change y to 2026 text: '■=Lapse in Appropriations', verticalAlign: 'top',y:40,x:0,style:{color:'#886026',fontSize:'13px'},}, ] }],//7/8/2026 //#### END container ####// }; new Highcharts.Chart("IAG-3815426804", options); } } });</script>

Source: CRS analysis of data found on http://www.congress.gov.

Notes: Figure shows fiscal year consideration during the calendar year. Each row represents consideration during the calendar year of the subsequent fiscal year spending bill (i.e., the calendar year 1996 row shows the timeline of consideration and passage of the FY1997 act). Arrows in the December column indicate consideration continued into the next calendar year. The figure shows when the committee report was filed, which may be later than the date the bill was ordered to be reported. When House and Senate action occurs on the same date, the House is shown first. The FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (P.L. 111-68) is listed in this figure as stand-alone legislation (Division A), although it was also the vehicle for a continuing appropriations resolution (Division B). For FY2026: the Senate Appropriations Committee reported a bill, S. 2257, on July 10, 2025; the Senate passed an amended three-bill consolidated version of H.R. 3944, which included funding for the legislative branch, on August 1, 2025.

FY2027 Legislative Branch Funding Issues

The following sections discuss the various legislative branch accounts.

During consideration of the legislative branch bills, the House and Senate conform to a "longstanding practice under which each body of Congress determines its own housekeeping requirements and the other concurs without intervention."¹⁵

Senate

Overall Funding

The FY2026 act provided $1.467 billion.

The Senate requested $1.613 billion (+10.0%).¹⁶

Additional information on the Senate account is presented in Table 6.

Senate Committee Funding

Appropriations for Senate committees are provided in two accounts.

1. The inquiries and investigations account contains funds for all Senate committees except Appropriations. For FY2027, the Senate requested $226.8 million, an increase of 2.0% from the $222.4 million provided in FY2026.

2. The Committee on Appropriations account contains funds for the Senate Appropriations Committee. For FY2027, the Senate requested $23.4 million, an increase of 3.0% from the $22.7 million provided in FY2026.

Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account¹⁷

The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA) provides each Senator with funds to administer an office. It consists of an administrative and clerical assistance allowance, a legislative assistance allowance, and an official office expense allowance. The funds may be used for any category of expenses, subject to limitations on official mail.

The Senate requested $733.1 million for FY2027, an increase of $87.7 million (+13.6%) from the FY2026 enacted level of $645.4 million.

As in prior legislative branch appropriations acts since FY2022, the FY2027 request contains $7.0 million for compensating interns in Senators' offices within this total.

House of Representatives

Overall Funding

The House requested $2.219 billion for FY2027, an increase of $136.2 million (+6.5%) from the FY2026 level of $2.083 billion. The House-reported bill would provide $2.109 billion, an increase of $25.6 million (+1.2%) from the FY2026 enacted level.

Additional information on headings in the House of Representatives account is presented in Table 7.

House Committee Funding

Funding for House committees is contained in the appropriation heading "committee employees," which typically comprises two subheadings.

The first subheading contains funds for personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of House committees, except the Appropriations Committee, as authorized by the House in a committee expense resolution. The House requested $210.7 million, an increase of $25.9 million (+14.0%) from the FY2026 enacted level. The FY2027 House-reported bill would provide $174.8 million (-5.4%).

The second subheading contains funds for the personnel and nonpersonnel expenses of the Committee on Appropriations. The FY2026 act and the House-reported FY2027 bill contain $31.3 million. The House had requested $34.2 million (+9.3%).

The House-reported bill also provides $10.0 million for committee hearing room renovations ($19.7 million had been requested).

Members' Representational Allowance¹⁸

The Members' Representational Allowance (MRA) is available to support Members in their official and representational duties.

The House requested $929.0 million, an increase of $79.0 million (+9.3%) from the $850.0 million provided in FY2026. The House-reported bill would provide $900.0 million (+5.9%).

Compensation of Interns

The FY2026 act, the FY2027 request, and the FY2027 House-reported bill provide, in separate accounts, $20.6 million for interns in House Member offices, $586,000 for interns in House leadership offices, $2.6 million for interns for standing and select committees other than the House Appropriations Committee, and $463,000 for interns with the House Appropriations Committee.

Administrative Provisions

The House requested, and the House-reported bill contains, administrative provisions continued from prior years related to

providing that unexpended balances from the MRA be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the federal debt;

limiting amounts available from the MRA for leased vehicles;

providing for cybersecurity assistance from other federal entities; and

prohibiting the use of funds "to procure or purchase covered information technology equipment" from certain companies or entities.

The request also included new provisions, which were not included in the House-reported bill, to

make membership in the House employee exercise facility available to additional categories of individuals, subject to the approval of the Committee on House Administration; and

establish a new office of House Creative Services.

The House-reported bill contains a new provision requiring in-person workplace misconduct training for Members of Congress subject to active, open, and public investigations of misconduct.

Support Agency Funding

U.S. Capitol Police (USCP)

The USCP is responsible for the security of the Capitol Complex, including, for example, the U.S. Capitol, the House and Senate office buildings, the U.S. Botanic Garden, and the Library of Congress buildings and adjacent grounds.

The FY2026 enacted level was $852.4 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2027 include the following:

Requested: $1.023 billion (+20.0%)

House-reported bill: $907.5 million (+6.5%)

Additional information on the USCP is presented in Table 8.

Appropriations for the police are contained in two accounts—a salaries account and a general expenses account.

1. Salaries—the FY2026 act provided $653.4 million for salaries. For FY2027, the USCP requested $733.6 million (+12.3%). The House-reported bill would provide $708.6 million (+8.4%).

2. General expenses—the FY2026 act provided $198.93 million for general expenses. For FY2027, the USCP requested $289.1 million (+45.3%). The House-reported bill would provide $198.96 million (+0.01%).

Another appropriation relating to the USCP appears within the Architect of the Capitol account for Capitol Police buildings and grounds and security. The FY2026 level was $75.1 million. For FY2027, $238.97 million (+218.3%) was requested, and the House-reported bill would provide $81.1 million (+8.0%).

Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR)

Formerly known as the Office of Compliance, the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights (OCWR) was renamed by the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 Reform Act (P.L. 115-397). It is an independent and nonpartisan agency within the legislative branch, and it was originally established to administer and enforce the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995.¹⁹ The act applies various employment and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain legislative branch entities.²⁰

The FY2026 act provided $8.35 million. OCWR requested $9.1 million (+8.8%) for FY2027. The House-reported bill would provide $8.5 million (+1.8%).

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

CBO is a nonpartisan congressional agency created to provide objective economic and budgetary analysis to Congress. CBO cost estimates are required for any measure reported by a regular or conference committee that may affect revenues or expenditures.²¹

CBO's FY2026 funding level was $74.8 million. In comparison, CBO requested, and the House-reported bill would provide, $76.3 million (+2.0%) for FY2027.

Architect of the Capitol (AOC)

The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the U.S. Capitol Complex. The AOC is responsible for the Supreme Court buildings and grounds, but appropriations for those expenses are not funded in the legislative branch appropriations bill.

Operations of the AOC are funded in the following 10 accounts: capital construction and operations, Capitol building, Capitol grounds, Senate office buildings, House office buildings, Capitol Power Plant, Library buildings and grounds, Capitol Police buildings and grounds, Capitol Visitor Center, and Botanic Garden. Additional funding information on the individual AOC accounts is presented in Table 9.

The FY2026 level was $811.9 million.

In comparison, levels considered for FY2027 include the following:

Requested: $1.662 billion (+104.7%)

House-reported bill: $689.2 million (-0.01%), not including Senate office buildings

Administrative Provisions

The FY2027 budget request and the House-reported bill include an administrative provision that prohibits the use of funds for bonuses for contractors behind schedule or over budget. This provision has been included in the annual appropriations act since FY2015.

The FY2027 budget request also included a number of provisions not included in the House-reported bill, including the following:

1. Exempting the AOC from certain Clean Water Act provisions.

2. Providing for the transfer or conveyance of certain DC properties to the Architect of the Capitol.

3. Clarifying the Architect of the Capitol's appointment, term of service, removal, access and privileges, and role in supervision of the Botanic Garden.

4. Authorizing the delegation of duties of the Architect or Deputy Architect.

5. Authorizing the payment of recruitment, relocation, redesignation, and retention bonuses for certain employees.

6. Authorizing certain awards, bonuses, and incentives for the Deputy Architect of the Capitol and Chief Executive Officer for Visitor Services.

7. Providing childcare benefits for AOC employees.

8. Waiving certain committee approval requirements to allow for the immediate mitigation of facility damages.

9. Authorizing the purchase of materials and services during emergencies.

Library of Congress (LOC)

The Library of Congress (LOC) serves simultaneously as Congress's parliamentary library and the de facto national library of the United States. Its broader services to the nation include the acquisition, maintenance, and preservation of a collection of more than 181.1 million items in various formats;²² service to the general public and scholarly and library communities; administration of U.S. copyright laws by its Copyright Office; and administration of a national program to provide reading material to the blind and print disabled. Its direct services to Congress include the provision of legal research and law-related services by the Law Library of Congress, and a broad range of activities by the Congressional Research Service (CRS), including in-depth and nonpartisan public policy research, analysis, and legislative assistance for Members and committees and their staff; congressional staff training; information and statistics retrieval; and continuing legal education for Members of both chambers and congressional staff.

The FY2026 level was $852.2 million. In comparison, levels considered for FY2027 include the following:

Requested: $883.4 million (+3.7%)

House-reported bill: $875.2 million (+2.7%)

These figures do not include additional authority to spend receipts.²³

The LOC headings include the following:²⁴

1. Salaries and expenses—The FY2026 level was $592.4 million. The LOC requested $615.7 million (+3.9%) for FY2027. The House-reported FY2027 bill would provide $607.95 million (+2.6%).

2. Copyright Office—The FY2026 level was $57.5 million. The LOC requested, and the House-reported bill would provide, $59.8 million (+4.0%) for FY2027. These figures do not include authority to spend receipts (in FY2026, $44.8 million; $48.1 million in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill).

3. Congressional Research Service—The FY2026 act provided $136.1 million. The FY2027 request contains $140.1 million (+2.9%). The House-reported bill would provide $139.7 million (+2.7%).

4. National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled—The FY2026 level was $66.1 million. The LOC requested, and the House-reported FY2027 bill would provide $67.7 million (+2.4%).

The AOC's budget also contains funds for LOC buildings and grounds. In FY2026, $56.6 million was provided. The FY2027 request contains $184.5 million (+226.1%), and the House-reported bill would provide $44.6 million (-21.2%).

Administrative Provisions

The annual legislative branch appropriations bills regularly include a provision providing authority to obligate funds for reimbursable and revolving fund activities.

The Library's FY2027 budget request also included

a provision related to the transfer of funds between the LOC and AOC;

a provision repealing the provision requiring the hardbound version of the Constitution Annotated (see also H.R. 1234 and H.R. 9342, 119th Congress);

a provision providing a permanent reauthorization of the Library of Congress recording and film preservation programs; and

a provision establishing a Legislative Branch Financial Management System fund for certain shared services.

Government Publishing Office (GPO)

GPO's FY2026 enacted level was $132.0 million, a level continued in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill.

GPO's budget authority is provided in three accounts:

1. Congressional publishing—The FY2026 act provided $80.0 million, the same level provided in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill.

2. Public information programs of the Superintendent of Documents (salaries and expenses)—The FY2026 act provided $42.9 million, the same level provided in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill.

3. GPO Business Operations Revolving Fund²⁵—The FY2026 act provides $9.1 million, the same level provided in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill.

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

GAO responds to requests for studies of federal government programs and expenditures. GAO may also initiate its own work.²⁶

GAO's FY2026 enacted level was $811.9 million.

In comparison, levels considered for FY2027 include the following:

Requested: $860.1 million (+5.9%)

House-reported bill: $611.9 million (-24.6%)

These levels do not include authority to use offsetting collections ($35.4 million in the FY2026 act, and $50.3 million in the FY2027 request and the House-reported bill).²⁷

Administrative Provision

As in the FY2026 House-reported bill, the FY2027 House-reported bill contains a provision prohibiting funds from being used to bring a civil action "under section 1016 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 687) unless Congress has adopted a concurrent resolution authorizing the Comptroller General to bring such civil action."²⁸

Congressional Office for International Leadership (COIL)

COIL requested $7.2 million, an increase of 20.0% from $6.0 million provided each year since FY2021. The FY2027 House-reported bill would continue the prior year funding level.

The office administers a program that supports democratic changes in other countries by inviting their leaders to observe democracy and free enterprise in the United States. Congress first authorized the program in 1999 to support the relationship between Russia and the United States.

Established at the LOC as the Center for Russian Leadership Development in 2000, the program encouraged young federal and local Russian leaders to visit the United States and observe its government and society.

The center was renamed the Open World Leadership Center in 2003, when the program was expanded to include specified additional countries.²⁹ In 2004, Congress further extended the program's eligibility to other countries designated by the center's board of trustees, subject to congressional consideration.³⁰ More recent appropriations documents have included language regarding countries or regions of focus and proposed expansion, including efforts in Ukraine.

The FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act changed the name from the Open World Leadership Center to the Congressional Office for International Leadership.

The office is housed in the LOC and receives services from the LOC through an interagency agreement. Prior to the name change in 2022, the location and future of the office; attempts to assess its effectiveness, countries of focus, and funding levels; and its inclusion in the legislative branch budget were discussed at appropriations hearings and in report language for many years.

A provision included in legislative branch appropriations acts since FY2016 states the following:

That funds made available to support Russian participants shall only be used for those engaging in free market development, humanitarian activities, and civic engagement, and shall not be used for officials of the central government of Russia.

The FY2027 House-reported bill would continue this language.

John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development

The center was created by Congress in 1988 to encourage public service by congressional staff through training and development programs.³¹

The $430,000 included in the FY2026 act, the FY2027 request, and the House-reported bill is approximately the same level provided annually since FY2006.

General Provisions

As in past years, Congress considered a number of general provisions related to the legislative branch. These provisions and their status are listed in Table 4.

Table 4. General Provisions

(and stage of inclusion or status)

Provision to | FY2026 Enacted | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reported | FY2027 Senate Reported | FY2027 Enacted
prohibit appropriated funds for the maintenance and care of private vehicles | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
limit funds to the fiscal year unless otherwise expressly provided | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
make any changes in rates of compensation and designation permanent | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
make consulting services contracts a matter of public record | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
authorize the costs of Legislative Branch Financial Managers Council | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
limit transfers to those authorized by law | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
prohibit restrictions on guided staff tours of the Capitol with limited exceptions | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
prohibit a cost-of-living adjustment for Members of Congressa | Yes (§210) | Yes | Yes |  |
restrict procurement of telecommunications equipment that may present a cybersecurity risk | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
require computer networks to block the viewing, downloading, and exchanging of pornography | Yes | Yes | Yes |  |
establish a spending reduction account | No | No | Yes |  |
modify the appointment of the Librarian of Congress and Director of the Government Publishing Office | No | No | Yes |  |
amend the Congressional Accountability Act to extend PUMP Act protections to congressional staff | Yes | Yes | No |  |
provide additional funding for the Senate Sergeant at Arms and the United States Capitol Police for Senate protection | Yesb | Yes | No |  |
require Senate notification for the disclosure of Senate datac | Yes (repealed)c | Yes | No |  |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. The legislative branch bill does not contain language funding or increasing Member pay, and a provision prohibiting the automatic Member pay adjustments could be included in any bill, or be introduced as a separate bill. For additional information, see CRS Report 97-1011, Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables, by Ida A. Brudnick. Pay for Members of Congress was last adjusted in January 2009.

b. P.L. 119-37 provides (1) $75.0 million for Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA), for security enhancements pursuant to S.Res. 294 (96th Cong.) and S.Res. 413 (119th Cong.); (2) $18.5 million for the Senate Sergeant at Arms for Member security programs, state office security, and residential security; and (3) $10.0 million for "miscellaneous items" related to security and continuity purposes.

c. This section was subsequently repealed by Division H, §105, of P.L. 119-75 (the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, enacted February 3, 2026). See also H.R. 6019, H.R. 6040, H.R. 6049, H.R. 7147, H.R. 7148, H.Res. 892, and H.Res. 1014 (119th Congress).

Introduction to Summary Tables and Appendix

Table 5 through Table 9 provide information on funding levels for the legislative branch overall, the Senate, the House of Representatives, the USCP, and the AOC.

The tables are followed by an Appendix, which lists House, Senate, and conference bills and reports; public law numbers; and enactment dates since FY1998.

Table 5. Legislative Branch Appropriations: Funding Levels by Agency or Entity

(in thousands of dollars)

Entity | FY2026 Enacted | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reporteda | FY2027 Senate Reported | FY2027 Enacted
Senate | 1,467,139 | 1,613,741 | —a |  |
House of Representatives | 2,083,055 | 2,219,275 | 2,108,619 | —a |
Joint Items | 24,958 | 27,130 | 26,360 |  |
Capitol Police | 852,350 | 1,022,675 | 907,540 |  |
Office of Congressional Workplace Rights | 8,350 | 9,081 | 8,500 |  |
Congressional Budget Office | 74,750 | 76,282 | 76,282 |  |
Architect of the Capitol | 811,916 | 1,661,672 | 689,191a |  |
Library of Congress, Including CRS | 852,158 | 883,360 | 875,239 |  |
CRS (non-add) | 136,080 | 140,053 | 139,703 |  |
Government Publishing Office | 132,000 | 132,000 | 132,000 |  |
Government Accountability Office | 811,894 | 860,084 | 611,894 |  |
Congressional Office for International Leadership (formerly Open World Leadership Center) | 6,000 | 7,200 | 6,000 |  |
Stennis Center for Public Service | 430 | 430 | 430 |  |
Legislative Branch, Subtotal, Title I | $7,125,000b | $8,512,930 | $5,442,055 |  |
Adjustments to Compensation (CBO estimate) (Title II) | -1,000 | — | -2,000 |  |
Other/Scorekeeping/ Sec. 212 (Member protection) (Title II) | 103,500 | — | — |  |
Spending Reduction Acct. | — | — | — |  |
Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress | 696c | — | — |  |
Emergency (USCP Mutual Aid Reimbursements) | 30,000 | — | — |  |
Legislative Branch, Grand Total | $7,258,196cb | $8, 512,930 | $5,440,055a |  |
Rescissions | — | — | — | — |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. By tradition, the House generally does not consider appropriations for Senate operations or Senate office buildings, and the Senate generally does not consider appropriations for House operations or House office buildings.

b. Grand total includes $522,000 for "Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress" and $30.0 million for "United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements," provided in the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026 (Division A) (P.L. 119-37). The subtotal does not include these items.

c. Section 156 of Division A of P.L. 119-37 (the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026) provides three gratuity payments to the beneficiaries of deceased Members of the House. Section 6 of P.L. 119-75 provides one additional gratuity payment. A gratuity equal to one year's salary has long been given to the heirs or beneficiaries of Members of Congress who die in office. The payment is generally included in the next legislative branch, supplemental, or continuing appropriations act following the death.

Table 6. Senate Appropriations

(in thousands of dollars)

Accounts | FY2026 Enacted | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reporteda | FY2027 Senate Reported | FY2027 Enacted
Expense Allowances and Representation | $225 | $225 | — |  |
Salaries, Officers, and Employees | 311,543 | 332,101 | — |  |
Office of Legislative Counsel | 9,401 | 9,850 | — |  |
Office of Legal Counsel | 1,431 | 1,482 | — |  |
Expense Allowances for Secretary of Senate et al. | 30 | 30 | — |  |
Contingent Expenses (subtotal) | 1,144,509 | 1,270,053 | — |  |
Inquiries and Investigations | 222,416 | 226,826 | — |  |
Senate Intl. Narcotics Caucus | 613 | 637 | — |  |
Secretary of the Senateb | 17,852 | 19,545 | — |  |
Sergeant at Arms/Doorkeeperc | 229,845 | 252,233 | — |  |
Sergeant at Arms Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Fund | — | 1,332 | — |  |
Sergeant at Arms Fellowships Fund | — | 5,977 | — |  |
Miscellaneous Items | 28,052 | 30,062 | — |  |
Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account | 645,431 | 733,141 | — |  |
Official Mail Costs | 300 | 300 | — |  |
Rescission | — |  | — |  |
Total | $1,467,139 | $1,613,741 | — |  |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. By tradition, the House does not consider appropriations for Senate operations.

b. Operations of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate are also funded under "Salaries, Officers, and Employees."

c. Operations of the Office of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper are also funded under "Salaries, Officers, and Employees."

Table 7. House of Representatives Appropriations

(in thousands of dollars)

Accounts | FY2026 Enacted | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reported | FY2027 Senate Reporteda | FY2027 Enacted
Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress | — | — | $174 |  |
House Leadership Offices | 36,560 | 36,560 | 36,560 | — |
Members' Representational Allowance | 850,000 | 929,000 | 900,000 | — |
Intern Allowance—House Member Offices | 20,639 | 20,639 | 20,639 | — |
Intern Allowance—House Leadership Offices | 586 | 586 | 586 | — |
Intern Allowance—Standing Committees, Special and Select | 2,600 | 2,600 | 2,600 | — |
Intern Allowance—House Appropriations Committee | 463 | 463 | 463 | — |
Committee Employees (subtotal) | 216,081 | 244,887 | 216,081 | — |
Standing Committees, Special and Select, except Appropriations | 184,787 | 191,032 | 174,787 | — |
Hearing Room Renovations | — | 19,655 | 10,000 |  |
Appropriations Committee | 31,294 | 34,200 | 31,294 | — |
Salaries, Officers, and Employees (subtotal) | 460,603 | 489,657 | 453,913 | — |
Office of the Clerk | 48,992 | 51,789 | 51,293 | — |
Office of the Sergeant at Arms | 140,606 | 147,281 | 127,281 | — |
Office of Chief Administrative Officer | 233,248 | 253,060 | 237,812 | — |
Office of the Whistleblower Ombuds | 1,250 | 1,250 | 1,250 | — |
Office of Inspector General | 6,227 | 6,361 | 6,361 | — |
Office of General Counsel | 2,079 | 2,120 | 2,120 | — |
Office of the Parliamentarian | 2,404 | 2,450 | 2,450 | — |
Office of the Law Revision Counsel | 4,998 | 4,085 | 4,085 | — |
Office of the Legislative Counsel | 18,740 | 19,202 | 19,202 | — |
Office of Interparliamentary Affairs | 994 | 994 | 994 | — |
Other Authorized Employees | 1,065 | 1,065 | 1,065 | — |
Allowances and Expenses (subtotal) | 491,523 | 484,883 | 473,603 | — |
Supplies, Materials, Administrative Costs and Federal Tort Claims | 1,555 | 2,955 | 2,955 | — |
Official Mail for committees, leadership, administrative and legislative offices | 190 | 190 | 190 | — |
Government Contributions | 444,155 | 420,994 | 420,994 | — |
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Emergency Appropriations | 28,951 | 29,341 | 29,341 | — |
Transition Activities | 9,740 | 18,056 | 10,300 | — |
Green and Gold Congressional Aide Program (formerly Wounded Warrior Program) | 4,122 | 10,524 | 7,000 | — |
Office of Congressional Conductb | 1,810 | 1,823 | 1,823 | — |
Miscellaneous Items | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | — |
House Modernization Initiatives Account | 4,000 | 10,000 | 4,000 | — |
Administrative Provisions/Rescissions/Other | — | — | — | — |
Total | $2,083,055c | $2,219,275 | $2,108,619 | — |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. By tradition, the Senate generally does not consider appropriations for House operations.

b. The Office of Congressional Ethics was renamed the Office of Congressional Conduct by H.Res. 5 (119th Congress).

c. Total does not include "Payment to Widows and Heirs of Deceased Members of Congress." For further details on these payments, see Table 5.

Table 8. Capitol Police Appropriations

(in thousands of dollars)

Accounts | FY2026 Enacteda | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reported | FY2027 Senate Reported | FY2027 Enacted
Salaries, Capitol Police | $653,422 | $733,584 | $708,584 |  |
General Expenses | 198,928 | 289,091 | 198,956 |  |
Total | $852,350 | $1,022,675 | $907,540 |  |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. Mutual aid reimbursements were structured slightly differently during different stages of FY2026 funding consideration. In the budget request, the Capitol Police separately requested $25.0 million for "United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements." The House bill provided $10.0 million for mutual aid reimbursements within General Expenses. The Senate bill included an administrative provision authorizing up to $10.0 million to "be transferred to 'Capitol Police—United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements' on September 30, 2026.'" In the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2026 (P.L. 119-37, Division A, section 157), $30.0 million was provided for "United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements." This amount is in addition to up to $10.0 million that may be transferred to "Capitol Police—United States Capitol Police Mutual Aid Reimbursements" on September 30, 2026 (and, once transferred, remain available until September 30, 2030) from other funding provided to the Capitol Police in this act (P.L. 119-37, Division C, Title I, §119). The Senate-reported bill FY2026 bill (S. 2257) and the Senate-passed FY2026 bill (H.R. 3944) also included a number of general provisions providing funding for Senate protection, including $18.5 million for the Senate Sergeant at Arms (§213(a)), $25.0 million for mutual aid reimbursement (§213(b)), and $1.0 million for general expenses (§213(c)) (in total, $44.5 million).

Table 9. Architect of the Capitol Appropriations

(in thousands of dollars)

Accounts | FY2026 Enacted | FY2027 Requested | FY2027 House Reported | FY2027 Senate Reported | FY2027 Enacted
Capital Construction and Operations | $159,450 | $193,151 | $159,450 |  |
Capitol Building | 74,460 | 55,079 | 40,960 |  |
Capitol Grounds | 19,385 | 33,878 | 19,385 |  |
Senate Office Buildings | 122,635 | 252,846 | —a |  |
House of Representatives |  |  |  |  |
House Office Buildings | 101,887 | 434,627b | 132,597 | —a |
House Historic Buildings Revitalization Fund | 10,000 |  | 21,000 | —a |
Capitol Power Plantc | 141,007 | 167,095 | 138,707 |  |
Library Buildings and Grounds | 56,563 | 184,476 | 44,563 |  |
Capitol Police Buildings and Grounds and Security | 75,069 | 238,973 | 81,069 |  |
Botanic Garden | 21,559 | 70,141 | 21,559 |  |
Capitol Visitor Center | 29,901 | 31,406 | 29,901 |  |
Architect of the Capitol, Total | $811,916 | $1,661,672 | $689,191 |  |

Sources: P.L. 119-37, the Budget for Fiscal Year 2027, H.R. 9010, H.Rept. 119-666, and CRS analysis.

Notes:

a. The House generally does not consider appropriations for Senate office buildings, and the Senate generally does not consider appropriations for House office buildings.

b. The FY2027 budget request, in the House Office Building section, states: "Provided, That of the $272,000,000 that shall remain available until expended, $46,000,000 is for a payment to the House Historic Buildings Revitalization Fund" (p. 22).

c. Not including "Capitol Power Plant" offsetting collections of $10.0 million in the FY2026 act, the FY2027 request and the FY2027 House-reported bill.

Appendix. Fiscal Year Information and Resources

Table A-1. Overview of Legislative Branch Appropriations: FY1998-FY2027

(Bill Numbers, Reports and Explanatory Materials, and Public Laws)

Fiscal Year | House | Senate | Resolution of House-Senate Differences | Enactment Date and Public Law
2027 | H.Rept. 119-666 (H.R. 9010) |  |  |
2026 | H.Rept. 119-178 (H.R. 4249) | S.Rept. 119-38 (S. 2257) |  | 11/12/2025 (P.L. 119-37)
2025 | H.Rept. 118-555 (H.R. 8772) | S.Rept. 118-192 (S. 4678) |  | 3/15/25 (P.L. 119-4)
2024 | H.Rept. 118-120 (H.R. 4364) | S.Rept. 118-60 (S. 2302) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 2882) | 3/23/24 (P.L. 118-47)
2023 | H.Rept. 117-389 (H.R. 8237) | Senate Appropriations Committee chairman's draft explanatory statement; S. 4720 | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 2617) | 12/29/2022 (P.L. 117-328)
2022 | H.Rept. 117-80 (H.R. 4346) | Senate Appropriations Committee chairman's draft bill; Senate Appropriations Committee chairman's draft explanatory statement | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 2471) | 3/15/2022 (P.L. 117-103)
2021 | H.Rept. 116-447 (H.R. 7611) | Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft bill; Senate Appropriations Committee majority draft explanatory statement | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 133) | 12/27/2020 (P.L. 116-260)
2020 | H.Rept. 116-64 (H.R. 2779) | S.Rept. 116-124 (S. 2581) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 1865) | 12/20/2019 (P.L. 116-94)
2019 | H.Rept. 115-696 (H.R. 5894) | S.Rept. 115-274 (S. 3071) | H.Rept. 115-929 | 9/21/18 (P.L. 115-244)
2018 | H.Rept. 115-199 (H.R. 3162) | S.Rept. 115-137 (S. 1648) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 1625) | 3/23/2018 (P.L. 115-141)
2017 | H.Rept. 114-594 (H.R. 5325) (H.Res. 771) | S.Rept. 114-258 (S. 2955) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 244) | 5/5/2017 (P.L. 115-31)
2016 | H.Rept. 114-110 (H.R. 2250) (H.Res. 271) | S.Rept. 114-64 (H.R. 2250) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record | 12/18/2015 (P.L. 114-113)
2015 | H.Rept. 113-417 (H.R. 4487) (H.Res. 557) | S.Rept. 113-196 (H.R. 4487) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 83) | 12/16/2014 (P.L. 113-235)
2014 | H.Rept. 113-173 (H.R. 2792) | S.Rept. 113-70 (S. 1283) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 3547) | 1/17/2014 (P.L. 113-76)
2013 | H.Rept. 112-511 (H.R. 5882) | S.Rept. 112-197 (H.R. 5882) | — | 3/26/2013 (P.L. 113-6)
2012 | H.Rept. 112-148 (H.R. 2551) | S.Rept. 112-80 (H.R. 2551) | H.Rept. 112-331 (H.R. 2055) | 12/23/2011 (P.L. 112-74)
2011 | — | S.Rept. 111-294 (S. 3799) | — | 4/15/2011 (P.L. 112-10)
2010 | H.Rept. 111-160 (H.R. 2918) | S.Rept. 111-29 (S. 1294) | H.Rept. 111-265 (H.R. 2918) | 10/1/2009 (P.L. 111-688)
2009 | — | — | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record and issued in a committee print (H.R. 1105) | 3/11/2009 (P.L. 111-8)
2008 | H.Rept. 110-198 (H.R. 2771) | S.Rept. 110-89 (S. 1686) | Explanatory materials inserted into the Congressional Record (H.R. 2764) | 12/26/2007 (P.L. 110-161)
2007 | H.Rept. 109-485 (H.R. 5521) | S.Rept. 109-267 (H.R. 5521) | — | 2/15/2007 (P.L. 110-5)
2006 | H.Rept. 109-139 (H.R. 2985) | S.Rept. 109-89 (H.R. 2985) | H.Rept. 109-189 (H.R. 2985) | 8/02/2005 (P.L. 109-55)
2005 | H.Rept. 108-577 (H.R. 4755) | S.Rept. 108-307 (S. 2666) | H.Rept. 108-792 (H.R. 4818) | 12/8/2004 (P.L. 108-447)
2004 | H.Rept. 108-186 (H.R. 2657) | S.Rept. 108-88 (S. 1383) | H.Rept. 108-279 (H.R. 2657) | 9/30/2003 (P.L. 108-83)
2003 | H.Rept. 107-576 (H.R. 5121) | S.Rept. 107-209 (S. 2720) | — | 2/20/2003 (P.L. 108-7)
2002 | H.Rept. 107-169 (H.R. 2647) | S.Rept. 107-37 (S. 1172) | H.Rept. 107-259 (H.R. 2647) | 11/12/2001 (P.L. 107-68)
2001 | H.Rept. 106-635 (H.R. 4516) | S.Rept. 106-304 (S. 2603) | H.Rept. 106-796 (H.R. 4516, incorporated into H.R. 4577) | 12/21/2000 (P.L. 106-554)
2000 | H.Rept. 106-156 (H.R. 1905) | S.Rept. 106-75 (S. 1206) | H.Rept. 106-290 (H.R. 1905) | 9/29/1999 (P.L. 106-57)
1999 | H.Rept. 105-595 (H.R. 4112) | S.Rept. 105-204 (S. 2137) | H.Rept. 105-734 (H.R. 4112) | 10/21/1998 (P.L. 105-275)
1998 | H.Rept. 105-196 (H.R. 2209) | S.Rept. 105-47 (S. 1019) | H.Rept. 105-254 (H.R. 2209) | 10/7/1997 (P.L. 105-55)

Source: Congressional Research Service examination of congress.gov.

Footnotes

1. | Office of Management and Budget, OMB Circular No. A-11 (2022), Section 10, Overview of the Budget Process, p. 2.
2. | An act "To revise, codify, and enact without substantive change certain general and permanent laws, related to money and finance, as title 31, United States Code, 'Money and Finance,'" P.L. 97-258, September 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 910.
3. | Text of amendments available at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy27-leg-compiled-amendment-text-5.20.26-5pm.pdf. Not all of the amendments that appear to have been submitted were offered and considered.

4.

Calculations by CRS with data from Office of Management and Budget (OMB), "Table 5.4—Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency: 1976-2031," in Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, FY2027, https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-resources/budget/historical-tables/. The calculations have some limitations, since the OMB data do not completely align with items funded in the annual and supplemental legislative branch appropriations acts. The differences may be partially traced to the definition of "legislative branch" in the OMB Public Budget Database user's guide. Some entities regularly included with the legislative branch in many OMB budget documents, like the U.S. Tax Court and some Legislative Branch Boards and Commissions, are not funded through the annual legislative branch appropriations acts. Consequently, an examination of the discretionary budget authority listed in the Historical Tables reveals some differences with the reported total budget authority provided in the annual legislative branch appropriations acts. The difference in legislative branch budget authority resulting from the different definitions of the legislative branch in the OMB budget documents and in the appropriations acts, however, does not represent a significant difference in the proportion of total discretionary budget authority.

5.

"Prior to 1977, the fiscal year began on July 1 and ended on June 30 ... Fiscal year 1976 ended on June 30, 1976, and fiscal year 1977 began on October 1, 1976. The period July 1, 1976, to September 30, 1976, is called the 'transition quarter' or TQ." (Office of Management and Budget, Budget Analysis Branch, Public Budget Database User's Guide, Budget of the United States Government, FY2025, March 2024, p. 2.)

6. | See also the "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Ms. DeLauro, Chair of the House Committee on Appropriations, Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," Congressional Record, March 9, 2022, pp. H2916-H2940.
7. | Available at https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20201221/BILLS-116RCP68-JES-DIVISION-I.pdf.
8. | Congressional Record, December 21, 2020, Book IV, pp. H8712-H8733. Funding tables appear on pp. H8722-H8733.
9. | The legislative branch previously experienced a funding gap in FY1996 (November 14-18, 1995).

10.

FY2013 level from the CBO cost estimate for "Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res. 59), Including the Amendment Reported by the House Committee on Rules on September 18, 2013 (H.Res. 352)," http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/hjres59amendment.pdf, which lists a total for legislative branch budget authority of $4.061 billion, noting that it "includes effects of the 2013 sequestration." This bill contained a small anomaly for the legislative branch.

11.

White House, President Obama, Sequestration Order for Fiscal Year 2013 Pursuant to Section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, As Amended, March 1, 2013, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/06/2013-05397/sequestration-order-for-fiscal-year-2013-pursuant-to-section-251a-of-the-balanced-budget-and.

12.

Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, OMB Report to the Congress on the Joint Committee Sequestration for Fiscal Year 2013, March 1, 2013, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2013/03/06/2013-05397/sequestration-order-for-fiscal-year-2013-pursuant-to-section-251a-of-the-balanced-budget-and.

13. | P.L. 111-5, February 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 191.
14. | U.S. Congress, conference committee, Making Supplemental Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2009, and for Other Purposes, report to accompany H.R. 2346, 111th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 111-151 (GPO, 2009), p. 117.
15. | For example, U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Legislative Branch, Legislative Branch, 2019, report to accompany S. 3071, 115th Cong., 2nd sess., June 14, 2018, S.Rept. 115-274, p. 4.
16. | Unless otherwise stated, percentage comparisons represent the percentage change from the FY2026 enacted level.
17. | For additional information, see CRS Report R44399, Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account (SOPOEA): History and Usage, by Ida A. Brudnick.
18. | For additional information, see CRS Report R40962, Members' Representational Allowance: History and Usage, by Ida A. Brudnick.

19.

P.L. 104-1, 109 Stat. 3, January 23, 1995. The act, as amended, applies 12 civil rights, labor, and workplace safety laws to Congress and certain legislative branch agencies. These laws are the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Americans with Disabilities Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Employee Polygraph Protection Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, Family and Medical Leave Act, Federal Services Labor-Management Relations Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Rehabilitation Act of 1970, Veterans' employment and reemployment rights at Chapter 43 of Title 38 of the U.S. Code, Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act, and Veterans Employment Opportunities Act.

20.

Among the office's activities are administration of a dispute resolution process, investigation and enforcement of occupational safety and health and disability provisions of the act, investigation of labor relations and enforcement of applicable provisions, and development of educational programs regarding the act's provisions.

21. | CBO is required to use estimates provided by the Joint Committee on Taxation for all revenue legislation (Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, P.L. 99-177, §273, 99 Stat.1098, December 12, 1985; 2 U.S.C. §§621 et seq.).
22. | Figure obtained from the Library of Congress, Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress for Fiscal Year 2024, 2024, p. 21, https://www.loc.gov/about/reports-and-budgets/annual-reports/.
23. | Fees paid to the LOC for copyright registration are an example of receipts.
24. | For information on a change in the technology funding practice that affected the four LOC appropriations headings in FY2020, see the explanation in H.Rept. 116-64 and S.Rept. 116-124.
25. | The revolving fund supports GPO's operation and maintenance.
26. | GAO's guidelines for initiating studies are contained in U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO's Congressional Protocols, GAO-17-767G (GAO, 2017), https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-17-767g.

27.

Offsetting collections include funds derived from reimbursable audits and rental of space in the GAO building. The FY2025 House Appropriations Committee report to accompany the legislative branch appropriations bill explains the interaction between the levels , stating (H.Rept. 118-555, p. 28), "The Committee recommendation includes an increase to the direct appropriation in large part due to the significant decrease in offsetting collections for fiscal year 2025."

28. | For information on impoundment from GAO, see GAO, "Impoundment Control Act," https://www.gao.gov/legal/appropriations-law/impoundment-control-act.

29.

P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-120, December 21, 2000; P.L. 108-7, 117 Stat. 382, February 20, 2003. According to the 2003 act, the additional countries include "any country specified in §3 of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5801)," and "Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania." The countries specified in 22 U.S.C. 5801 are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

30. | P.L. 108-447, 118 Stat. 3192, December 8, 2004.
31. | 2 U.S.C. §1105. See also http://www.stennis.gov/.