Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Updated November 5, 2024

Congressional Research Service

https://crsreports.congress.gov

R48186

Congressional Research Service

SUMMARY

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress enacted several programs that provided federal funds specifically to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus in elementary and secondary education, or provided funds that could be used for that purpose. These programs include the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund, Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) program, and Homeless Children and Youth (ARP-HCY) program, as well programs providing similar types of support to the outlying areas. Each of these programs was authorized under the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF) or provisions authorizing funds for similar purposes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. All of the programs are administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Funds for ESF programs were authorized and funded by three acts:

• Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), which authorized ESSER I and GEER I;

• Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]), which authorized ESSER II, GEER II, and EANS I; and

• American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2), which authorized ESSER III, EANS II, and ARP- HCY.

Each program has a statutorily defined period of obligation during which grantees must obligate the funds awarded and a later date by which the obligated funds must be expended (liquidated). This report provides the amount of grant funding each state or outlying area received under each relevant program; the cumulative outlays (expenditures) by state or outlying area that were posted on USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024; and the percentage of grant funds that have been expended. No data are provided on funds that may have been obligated by states or outlying areas but not yet expended, as data on obligations are not regularly reported. Data are also included on state requests for extensions of the liquidation period for funds discussed in this report. Preliminary state-reported data on EANS funds that reverted to governors are included as well.

Of the programs discussed in this report, the ESSER Fund received the largest amount of total funding: $13.229 billion under the CARES Act in FY2020 (ESSER I), $54.311 billion under the CRRSAA in FY2021 (ESSER II), and $122.775 billion under the ARPA in FY2021 (ESSER III); a total of $190.315 billion. According to data available as of October 16, 2024, under ESSER I, with a period of obligation that expired September 30, 2022, 99.55% of funds have been outlaid. Under ESSER II, with a period of obligation that expired September 30, 2023, 98.90% of funds have been outlaid. The expenditure rate (84.33%) is lowest for ESSER III, with a period of obligation expiring September 30, 2024. Overall, 89.57% of ESSER funds have been outlaid.

Among the other programs that provided grants to states, the percentage of funds expended by program have varied. Under GEER I, with a period of obligation that expired September 30, 2022, 98.45% of funds have been outlaid. Under GEER II, with a period of obligation that expired September 30, 2023, 93.41% of funds have been outlaid. Overall, 96.90% of GEER funds have been outlaid. Under EANS I, with a period of obligation that expired September 30, 2023, 90.69% of funds have been outlaid. Under EANS II, with a period of obligation that expired on September 30, 2024, 63.23% of funds have been outlaid. Overall, 76.96% of EANS funds have been outlaid. Under the ARP-HCY, with a period of obligation that expired on September 30, 2024, 64.74% of funds have been outlaid.

A liquidation extension provides additional time for grantees and subgrantees to expend program funds that were obligated by the required deadline. Based on data provided by ED, as of October 1, 2024, 31 states and all of the outlying areas have received approval for a liquidation extension for at least one of the programs discussed in this report. Several states have applications for liquidation extensions for programs authorized by the ARPA that are either under review or pending approval by ED. Funds that are not obligated or expended by their deadline are returned to Treasury.

R48186

November 5, 2024

Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy

Isobel Sorenson Research Assistant

Kyle D. Shohfi Analyst in Education Policy

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service

Contents

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview of the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS Program, ARP-HCY, and Similar

Funding for the Outlying Areas .................................................................................................... 2

Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund ..................................... 3 Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund .......................................................... 4 Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program ............................................. 5

American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth (ARP-HCY) Program ......................... 5 Outlying Areas .......................................................................................................................... 6

Obligation and Expenditure of Funds .............................................................................................. 7

Program Expenditures .................................................................................................................... 11

Data .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Findings ................................................................................................................................... 12

ESSER Fund ..................................................................................................................... 12 GEER Fund ....................................................................................................................... 13

EANS Program ................................................................................................................. 13 ARP-HCY ......................................................................................................................... 13

Funds for the Outlying Areas ............................................................................................ 13

State Requests for Liquidation Extensions .................................................................................... 15

SEA Liquidation Extension Requests ..................................................................................... 16 Outlying Area Liquidation Extension Requests ...................................................................... 17

EANS Funds That Reverted to Governors .................................................................................... 18

Data ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Methodology and Findings ..................................................................................................... 19

Tables

Table 1. Selected Education Stabilization Fund Programs and Related Programs

Authorized and Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA ............................................ 3

Table 2. Deadlines for Obligating Funds Under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS

Program, and ARP-HCY .............................................................................................................. 8

Table 3. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund,

EANS, and ARP-HCY for States ............................................................................................... 14

Table 4. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Education Stabilization Fund

and American Rescue Plan Act for State Educational Agencies and Governors for the Outlying Areas............................................................................................................................ 15

Table 5. State Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS,

and ARP-HCY as of October 1, 2024 ........................................................................................ 16

Table 6. Outlying Area Liquidation Extension Requests for the Education Stabilization

Fund and American Rescue Plan Act for State Educational Agencies and Governors as of October 1, 2024 ...................................................................................................................... 18

Table A-1. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Elementary and Secondary

School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund, by State ................................................................... 20

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service

Table A-2. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Governor’s Emergency

Education Relief (GEER) Fund, by State ................................................................................... 23

Table A-3. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Emergency Assistance to

Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program, by State ........................................................................ 27

Table A-4. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under Funding for Homeless Children

and Youth Program (ARP-HCY), by State ................................................................................. 30

Table A-5. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Educational Stabilization

Fund (ESF I-SEA and ESF II-SEA) and the American Rescue Plan Act (ARP-OA SEA) for State Educational Agencies (SEAs), by Outlying Area ........................................................ 33

Table A-6. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Educational Stabilization

Fund for Governors (ESF 1-Governor and ESF II-Governor), by Outlying Area..................... 34

Table B-1. Amount Approved for Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESSER Fund,

GEER Fund, EANS, and ARP-HCY, by State as of October 1, 2024 ....................................... 35

Table B-2. Amount Approved for Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESF-SEA, ESF-

Governor, and ARP-OA SEA, by Outlying Area as of October 1, 2024 .................................... 37

Table C-1. Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program Funds That

Reverted to Governors, by State ................................................................................................. 38

Appendixes

Appendix A. ESSER, GEER, EANS, ARP-HCY, and OA Program Expenditures by States

and Outlying Areas ..................................................................................................................... 20

Appendix B. Liquidation Extension Requests by States and Outlying Areas ............................... 35 Appendix C. EANS Funds Reverting to Governors by State ........................................................ 38

Contacts

Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 42

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 1

Introduction

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress enacted several programs that provided federal funds specifically to support elementary and secondary education, or provided funds that could be used for that purpose. These programs include the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund, Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) program, and Homeless Children and Youth (ARP- HCY)¹ program, as well programs providing similar types of support to the outlying areas. Each of these programs was authorized under the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF) or under provisions authorizing funds for similar purposes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Funds for ESF programs were authorized and funded by three acts:

• Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), which authorized what are referred to as ESSER I and GEER I;

• Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]), which authorized what are referred to as ESSER II, GEER II, and EANS I; and

• American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2), which authorized what are referred to as ESSER III, EANS II, and ARP-HCY.

These acts also provided similar support for the outlying areas and the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE).

The total appropriations provided for the elementary and secondary education programs providing support to states and the outlying areas that are discussed in this report are $201.485 billion. Of these, $16.336 billion were authorized by the CARES Act, $58.773 billion were authorized by the CRRSAA, and $126.375 billion were authorized by the ARPA.²

Each of the elementary and secondary education programs providing support to states or the outlying areas that are examined in this report are administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Federal funds provided through the ESF Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF) for postsecondary education are not discussed in the report. In addition, funds provided for the BIE are not discussed in the report, as they were administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior.³

Given ongoing congressional interest in state and national data on expenditures under these programs, this report provides the amount of grant funding each state⁴ or outlying area received under each relevant program; the cumulative outlays (expenditures) by state or outlying area that were posted on USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024;⁵ and the percentage of grant funds that have been expended. No data are provided on funds that may have been obligated by states or

1 This program is referred to as ARP-HCY, as it was authorized by the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA; P.L. 117-2).

2 Details may not add to the total due to rounding.

3 The BIE received $153,750,000 under the CARES Act; $409,400,000 under the CRRSAA; and $850,000,000 under the ARPA for a total of $1.413 billion. For more information, see https://www.bie.edu/budgetfinance.

4 For the purposes of the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, and ARP-HCY program, the term state includes each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The term outlying area includes American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (hereinafter referred to as the Northern Mariana Islands), and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

5 According to the U.S. Department of Education (ED), ED typically reports award and spending data for the programs examined in this report to USAspending.gov on a monthly basis. For more information, see https://covid-relief- data.ed.gov/about-data.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 2

outlying areas but not yet expended.⁶ According to the Government Accountability Office (GAO), an obligation is defined as a “definite commitment that creates a legal liability of the government for the payment of goods and services ordered or received.... Payment may be made immediately or in the future.”⁷ GAO defines an expenditure as the “actual spending of money; an outlay.”⁸

Prior to providing data on expenditures, this report begins with an overview of the relevant programs and their associated deadlines for states and outlying areas to obligate and expend (liquidate) funds.⁹ This is followed by data detailing the total amount of funding each state received from ED¹⁰ for each program and the cumulative amount and percentage of funding that had been expended based on data posted on USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Data are also included on state requests for extensions of the liquidation period for funds discussed in this report. In addition, preliminary state-reported data on EANS funds that reverted to governors are also included. This report will be updated periodically.

Overview of the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS Program, ARP-HCY, and Similar Funding for the Outlying Areas

This section provides a brief overview of the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, ARP- HCY program, and similar funding provided to the outlying areas. Detailed information about these programs is available in CRS Report R47027, Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis. In general, the ESF funds were intended to help states, local educational agencies (LEAs), public and non-public elementary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education (IHEs) “prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.”¹¹ As previously discussed, funds for the ESF and related programs were authorized by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA.

Table 1 details which of the ESF and related programs of interest received appropriations under which acts, how the programs are commonly referenced with respect to each act, and the amount of funds appropriated for each program.

6 Data on the obligation of these funds are not regularly reported.

7 For the full definition of the term obligation, see U.S. Government Accountability Office, A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process, GAO-05-734SP, September 2005, p. 70, https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-05-734sp.pdf.

8 U.S. Government Accountability Office, A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process, GAO-05-734SP, September 2005, p. 48, https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-05-734sp.pdf.

9 The terms “expend” and “liquidate” are used interchangeably throughout this report.

10 These are referred to as funds obligated by ED.

11 See, for example, Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), material preceding Section 18001 under the heading of the “Education Stabilization Fund.”

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 3

Table 1. Selected Education Stabilization Fund Programs and Related Programs

Authorized and Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA

Program

CARES Act

(Enacted March

27, 2020)

CRRSAA (Enacted

December 27,

2020

ARPA (Enacted March 11, 2021)

Total by

Program

ESSER Fund ESSER I $13.229 billion

ESSER II $54.311 billion

ESSER III (or ARP- ESSER) $122.775 billion ($121.975 billion after ARP-HCY set- aside)

$189.515 billion (after ARP-HCY set-aside)

GEER Fund GEER I $2.953 billion

GEER II $4.053 billion ($1.303 billion after EANS I set-aside)

Not authorized $4.256 billion (after EANS I set- aside)

EANS Program Not authorized EANS I $2.750 billion (set- aside from GEER II)

EANS II $2.750 billion

$5.500 billion (including set-aside under CRRSAA)

Homeless Children and Youth

Not authorized Not authorized ARP-HCY $0.800 billion (set- aside from ESSER III)

$0.800 billion (including set-aside under ARPA)

Outlying areas ESF I-SEA and ESF I- Governor $0.154 billion

ESF II-SEA and ESF II-Governor $0.409 billion

ARP-OA SEA $0.850 billion

$1.413 billion

Total by act $16.336 billion $58.773 billion $126.375 billion $201.485 billion

Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS) analysis of provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136); the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA) included as Division M in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA; P.L. 116-260); and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). Notes: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Totals were calculated based on unrounded appropriations amounts. The outlying areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. ESSER Fund: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund GEER Fund: Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund EANS Program: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools program ARP-HCY: American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth ESF: Education Stabilization Fund SEA: State educational agency OA: Outlying area

Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund

The ESSER Fund was authorized and funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA. It received $13.229 billion under the CARES Act in FY2020 (ESSER I), $54.311 billion under the CRRSAA in FY2021 (ESSER II), and $122.775 billion under the ARPA in FY2021 (ESSER III),¹² for a total of $190.315 billion. Of the funds appropriated for ESSER III, the Secretary of

12 The ESSER Fund, as authorized by the ARPA, is also referred to as ARP-ESSER.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 4

Education was required to reserve $800 million for the education of homeless children and youth. Thus, $121.975 billion was available for ESSER III grants.

The funds were allocated to state educational agencies (SEAs) by formula based on their share of prior year Title I-A grants authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Each SEA was required to provide at least 90% of the funds received to LEAs in the state through formula grants based on each LEA’s share of prior year ESEA Title I-A funds. LEAs could use the funds for myriad purposes, such as any activity funded under various federal education laws, addressing student learning loss, coordination of preparedness and response to the COVID-19 emergency, technology acquisition, mental health services, and activities related to summer learning.¹³

Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund

The GEER Fund was authorized and funded by the CARES Act and CRRSAA. It was not included in the ARPA. The GEER Fund received $2.953 billion under the CARES Act in FY2020 (GEER I) and $4.053 billion under the CRRSAA in FY2021 (GEER II) for a total of $7.006 billion. From the CRRSAA funds, the Secretary of Education was required to reserve $2.750 billion to provide services and assistance to non-public schools under the EANS program (EANS I). The GEER funds were allocated to states by formula based on two formula factors: (1) 60% was awarded based on each state’s share of individuals ages 5-24 relative to the total number of individuals in this age group in all states, and (2) 40% was awarded based on each state’s share of children counted under Section 1124(c) of the ESEA relative to the total number of children counted under this section for all states.¹⁴ Any EANS I funds that were not obligated by the SEA to provide services or assistance to non-public schools within six months of the state receiving the funds reverted to the governor to use in accordance with the provisions of the GEER Fund.

While the GEER Fund did not receive an appropriation under the ARPA, the EANS program (EANS II) received a separate appropriation of $2.750 billion under the ARPA. Similar to EANS I, any EANS II funds that were not obligated by the SEA to provide services or assistance to non- public schools within six months of the state receiving the funds reverted to the governor to use in accordance with the provisions of the GEER Fund.¹⁵ Data on funds that may have reverted to the governor to be used in accordance with the GEER Fund provisions are not available.

Each governor may choose to use GEER funds to provide emergency funds to LEAs and institutions of higher education (IHEs) serving students within the state for continuity of operations or to any other IHE, LEA, or education-related entity within the state for a broad array of purposes, including the provision of child care and the protection of education-related jobs.¹⁶

13 For more information on the use of ESSER funds, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Programs, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Programs, December 7, 2022, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2022/12/ESSER-and-GEER-Use-of-Funds-FAQs-December-7-2022- Update-1.pdf.

14 The formulas used to allocate EANS funds is discussed in the next section of this report.

15 More specifically, EANS funds that revert to the governor must be used in accordance with the uses of funds permitted under GEER II. These uses of funds are similar to those permitted under GEER I. For more information about the use of GEER funds, see CRS Report R47027, Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis.

16 For more information on the use of GEER funds, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Programs, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Programs, December 7, 2022, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2022/12/ESSER-and-GEER-Use-of-Funds-FAQs-December-7-2022- Update-1.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 5

Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program

The EANS program was authorized and funded by the CRRSAA and ARPA. As previously discussed, the GEER Fund received $4.053 billion under the CRRSAA in FY2021. From the CRRSAA funds, the Secretary of Education was required to reserve $2.750 billion to provide formula grants to states to provide services and assistance to non-public schools under the EANS program. While the ARPA provided additional appropriations for some programs (e.g., ESSER) that were authorized and funded under the ESF by the CARES Act and the CRRSAA, the ARPA included funding for EANS as a stand-alone program rather than providing funding under the ESF; thus, no reservation of funds under the ESF was provided for EANS under the ARPA. However, the ARPA provided $2.750 billion specifically for EANS. All EANS funds were allocated by formula to states based on their proportional share of children ages 5-17 enrolled in non-public schools from families with incomes at or below 185% of the poverty level. Between the reservation of funds under the CRRSAA and the directly appropriated funds provided under the ARPA, the EANS program received a total of $5.500 billion

A non-public school receiving services or assistance under the EANS program is required to use such services or assistance to address educational disruptions from the COVID-19 emergency.¹⁷ Authorized activities under the EANS program were not as broad as those permitted under the ESSER Fund or GEER Fund. Allowable activities included, for example, acquiring personal protective equipment, expanding capacity to administer coronavirus testing, acquiring educational technology, and addressing learning loss.¹⁸ Any EANS funds that were not obligated by the SEA to provide services or assistance to non-public schools within six months of the state receiving the funds reverted to the governor to use in accordance with the provisions of the GEER Fund.¹⁹

American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth (ARP-HCY) Program

Under the ARPA, from the total appropriated for ESSER III, the Secretary was required to reserve $800 million for the ARP-HCY program to identify homeless children and youth and provide these youths with wrap-around services and assistance needed to attend school and fully participate in school activities.²⁰ After reserving $1 million for national activities, the remaining

17 CRRSAA, Division M, §312(d)(4).

18 For more information on the use of EANS program funds, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program as authorized by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSA Act) and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARP Act), September 17, 2021, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/09/Final-EANS-FAQ-Update-9.17.21.pdf.

19 Each governor was required to provide an assurance in the state application for EANS funds that the SEA would, among other requirements, distribute information about the EANS program to nonpublic schools and make the information and application to apply for services or assistance easily available; process all applications submitted promptly and approve or deny an application not later than 30 days after the date of receipt; ensure that services or assistance that is provided is available to any nonpublic school meeting specific criteria; to the extent practicable, obligate all EANS funds provided for services or assistance to nonpublic schools in an “expedited and timely” manner; but not later than six months after receiving such funds from ED. If an SEA complied with this assurance and had unobligated funds remaining six months after receiving them, the funds had to be returned to the governor for use under the GEER II uses of funds requirements. As discussed previously, the GEER II uses of funds are similar to the GEER I uses of funds. For more information about the use of GEER funds, see CRS Report R47027, Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis.

20 For more information on the uses of funds, see U.S. Department of Education, ARP-HCY: ARP Homeless I FAQS & TA Opportunities, https://www.ed.gov/media/document/arp-hcy-arp-homeless-i-faqs-ta-opportunities; Letter from Miguel A. Cardona, Secretary, U.S. Department of Education, to Chief State School Officers, April 23, 2021, (continued...)

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 6

funds were awarded to states by formula in two tranches based on their share of prior year Title I- A grants authorized by the ESEA.²¹ In the first tranche of funding, 25% of funds available for state grants, $199,750,000, was awarded to states. Funds awarded in the first tranche were considered a supplement to McKinney-Vento Education for Homeless Children and Youth (EHCY) funds.²² States were permitted to reserve up to 25% of awarded funds for state-level activities. At least 75% had to be awarded to LEAs by competition in accordance with the requirements of the EHCY program. The second tranche of funds awarded the remaining 75% of funds available for state grants, $599,250,000. Similar to the first tranche of funds, up to 25% of the funds could be used for state activities and at least 75% of funds had to be provided to LEAs. Grants to LEAs from the second tranche of funds were awarded by formula:

• 50% based on each LEA’s share of prior-year Title I-A grants authorized by the ESEA, and

• 50% based on the number of homeless children and youth identified by each LEA relative to all LEAs in the state, using the greater of the number of such youth in either the 2018-2019 or 2019-2020 school year in each LEA.²³

Funds reserved for state activities could be used for training, technical assistance, capacity- building, and engagement at the state and LEA levels. LEAs could use funds for all allowable EHCY program uses of funds, including “any expenses necessary to facilitate the identification, enrollment, retention, and educational success of homeless children and youth.”²⁴

Outlying Areas

Both the CARES Act and CRRSAA included a reservation of funds from the total ESF appropriation for the outlying areas, providing $153.8 million and $409.4 million, respectively. Under each act, 20% of the funds available for the outlying areas was awarded for uses similar to the GEER Fund (referred to as ESF I-Governor and ESF II-Governor, respectively) and 80% was

https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/04/ARP-Homeless-DCL-4.23.pdf; and U.S. Department of Education, Application for Funding under the American Rescue Plan Act Education for Homeless Children and Youth (ARP-HCY): Second Disbursement (ARP Homeless II), July 6, 2021, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/07/ARP-HCY-Application_FINAL_07- 06-2021.docx.

21 U.S. Department of Education, ARP Homeless I-II Total Grant Award Allocations, July 2, 2021, https://www.ed.gov/ sites/ed/files/2021/07/Revised-Attachment-1-ARP-Homeless-I-II-Total-Allocations.docx.

22 For more information about the EHCY program, see CRS Report R47830, Education for Homeless Children and Youths: Data and Issues.

23 U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked ARP-HCY Questions and Answers, June 14, 2024, https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/response-formula-grants/covid-19-emergency-relief-grants/ american-rescue-plan-elementary-and-secondary-school-emergency-relief-mdash-homeless-children-and-youth-arp- hcy#Frequently-Asked-ARP-HCY-Questions-and-Answers.

24 Letter from Miguel A. Cardona, Secretary, U.S. Department of Education, to Chief State School Officers, April 23, 2021, https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/2021/04/ARP-Homeless-DCL-4.23.pdf. For more information on the uses of the ARP-HCY funds, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked ARP-HCY Questions and Answers, June 14, 2024, https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/response-formula-grants/covid-19-emergency-relief- grants/american-rescue-plan-elementary-and-secondary-school-emergency-relief-mdash-homeless-children-and-youth- arp-hcy#Frequently-Asked-ARP-HCY-Questions-and-Answers; U.S. Department of Education, ARP-HCY: ARP Homeless I FAQs& TA Opportunities, June 10, 2021, https://www.ed.gov/media/document/arp-hcy-arp-homeless-i- faqs-ta-opportunities; and U.S. Department of Education, ARP Homeless II Formula and State Plan Requirements, July 14, 2021, https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/2022/02/ARP-Homeless-II-Webinar_vFINAL-508.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 7

awarded for uses similar to the ESSER Fund (referred to as ESF I-SEA and ESF II-SEA, respectively).²⁵

While the ARPA continued to provide appropriations for some programs (e.g., ESSER) that were authorized under the ESF by the CARES Act and the CRRSAA, the ARPA included funding for these programs as stand-alone programs rather than providing funding under the ESF; thus, no reservation of funds under the ESF was provided for the outlying areas under the ARPA. However, the ARPA provided $850.0 million for the outlying areas (referred to as ARP-OA SEA) without specifying the purpose or allowable uses of the funds.²⁶ ED subsequently issued a letter to the outlying areas detailing how the funds could be used, which indicated that they would be used in similar ways as ESSER funds.²⁷

Including the $850 million provided under ARPA, the outlying areas received a total of $1.413 billion through the three acts.

Obligation and Expenditure of Funds

The period of availability of funds (i.e., deadline for grantees to obligate funds) for the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, ARP-HCY, and funds for the outlying areas varies for funds appropriated under the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA. Table 2 provides the deadlines for obligating funds for each of the programs discussed in this report.

Under the CARES Act, the period of availability of funds was through September 30, 2021. Under the CRRSAA, the period of availability of funds was through September 30, 2022. Under the ARPA, the period of availability of funds was through September 30, 2023. For the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, ARP-HCY program, and funds for the outlying areas, Section 421 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA), commonly referred to as the Tydings period or Tydings amendment, extends the period of obligation of funds by governors, SEAs, LEAs, and outlying areas by one year beyond the period of availability included in statutory language.²⁸ Thus, the period of availability of funds under the CARES Act was through September 30, 2022, for the CRRSAA was through September 30, 2023, and for the ARPA was through September 30,

25 U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Outlying Areas Education Stabilization Fund and American Rescue Plan Programs for State Educational Agencies & Outlying Areas Education Stabilization Fund Governors Program, July 2023, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2023/07/REVISED.2-CLEAN-Cross-cutting-FAQs- 7.6.23_RINAP.pdf.

26 The outlying areas received an appropriation of $850,000,000 under Title II—Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions—of the ARPA.

27 Letter from Ian Rosenblum, Delegated the Authority to Perform the Functions and Duties of the Assistant Secretary, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, U.S. Department of Education, to Commissioner, April 2021, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/04/ARP-Cover-letter-to-Commissioners-in-OAs.docx. Also see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Outlying Areas Education Stabilization Fund and American Rescue Plan Programs for State Educational Agencies & Outlying Areas Education Stabilization Fund Governors Program, July 2023, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2023/07/REVISED.2-CLEAN-Cross-cutting-FAQs-7.6.23_RINAP.pdf.

28 Each of these periods of availability is extended by one year by the Tydings period. (The provision is named for Sen. Joseph D. Tydings of Maryland and was added to GEPA by P.L. 91-230.) The Tydings period only applies to programs administered by ED that are subject to 34 C.F.R. Part 76, which includes state-administered formula grant programs. For more information, about ESSER obligation and expenditure deadlines, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Programs, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Programs, December 7, 2022, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2022/12/ESSER-and-GEER-Use-of-Funds- FAQs-December-7-2022-Update.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 8

2024. Following the Tydings period, a grantee or subgrantee (e.g., LEA) must expend the obligated funds within 120 days or within the approved period for a liquidation extension.²⁹

For the EANS program, funds were required to be obligated by the SEA within six months of receipt by the state to provide services and assistance to non-public schools. Funds that were not obligated within that time frame were to revert to the governor for use under the GEER Fund.³⁰ For EANS I funds that reverted to the governor, the period of availability of funds was the same as the period of availability of funds for GEER II including the Tydings period (i.e., through September 30, 2023). For EANS II funds that reverted to the governor, the period of availability was the same as the period of availability of funds, including the Tydings period, as was provided for ESSER III, which received appropriations under the ARPA (i.e., through September 30, 2024). Data on the expenditure of EANS funds do not differentiate between funds expended to provide assistance to non-public schools and funds that reverted to the governor and were subsequently expended.

Table 2. Deadlines for Obligating Funds Under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS

Program, and ARP-HCY

Program Iteration CARES Act CRRSAA ARPA

ESSER Fund ESSER I 9/30/2022 — —

ESSER II — 9/30/2023 —

ESSER III — — 9/30/2024

GEER Fund GEER I 9/30/2022 — —

GEER II 9/30/2023 —

EANS Programa EANS I — For non-public schools, within six months of receipt of funds by state; or for governors, 9/30/23b

—

EANS II — — For non-public schools, within six months of receipt of funds by state; or for governors, 9/30/24c

Homeless Children and Youth

ARP-HCY — —

9/30/2024

Outlying areas ESF I-SEA 9/30/2022 — —

29 U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Programs, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Programs, December 7, 2022, Item E-3.d, https://oese.ed.gov/files/ 2022/12/ESSER-and-GEER-Use-of-Funds-FAQs-December-7-2022-Update.pdf. See the subsequent discussion for more information about liquidation extension requests.

30 For more information, see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program as Authorized by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSA Act) and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARP Act), September 17, 2021, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/09/Final-EANS-FAQ-Update-9.17.21.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 9

Program Iteration CARES Act CRRSAA ARPA

ESF II-SEA — 9/30/2023 —

ESF I- Governor 9/30/2022

— —

ESF II- Governor

—

9/30/2023

—

ARP-OA — — 9/30/2024

Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS) analysis of provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136); the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA) included as Division M in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA; P.L. 116-260); the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2); Section 421 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA); and CRS email correspondence with the U.S. Department of Education, May 4-5, 2021. Notes: The outlying areas include American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Section 421 of the GEPA, commonly referred to as the Tydings period or Tydings amendment, applies to programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education that are subject to 34 C.F.R. Part 76, which includes state-administered formula grant programs. For these programs, the Tydings amendment extends the period of obligation of funds by one year beyond the period of availability included in statutory language. The dates included in the table for all programs except the EANS program reflect the application of the Tydings amendment. ESSER Fund: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund GEER Fund: Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund EANS Program: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools program ARP-HCY: American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth program ESF: Education Stabilization Fund SEA: State educational agency OA: Outlying area a. Data on the expenditure of EANS funds do not differentiate between funds expended to provide assistance to non-public schools and funds that reverted to the governor and were subsequently expended.

b. EANS funds that are not obligated by the SEA to provide services or assistance to non-public schools within six months revert to the governor for use under the GEER Fund. For EANS I funds that revert to the governor, the deadline for obligating funds is September 30, 2023.

c. EANS funds that are not obligated by the SEA to provide services or assistance to non-public schools within six months revert to the governor for use under the GEER Fund. For EANS II funds that revert to the governor, the deadline for obligating funds is September 30, 2024.

For state-administered programs (which includes the programs administered by the outlying areas),³¹ ED may extend the period for the liquidation (i.e., expenditure) of funds beyond the 120- day period following the Tydings period by approving late liquidation requests.³² These flexibilities apply to the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, ARP-HCY, and funds provided to the outlying areas.

31 For more information, see U.S. Department of Education, General and Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for CARES ESF-SEA, CARES ESF-Governor, CRRSA ESF II-SEA, CRRSA ESF II-Governor, and ARP-OA SEA Liquidation Extension Requests, January 9, 2024, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/01/FAQs-for-Liquidation- Extensions-for-APR-and-ESF-Grants.pdf.

32 2 C.F.R. §200.344, 2 C.F.R. §200.309, and U.S. Department of Education, General and Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for CARES ESSER, CARES GEER, CRRSA ESSER, CRRSA GEER, CRRSA EANS, ARP ESSER, and ARP EANS Liquidation Extension Requests, January 9, 2024, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/01/Updated-Technical- FAQs-for-Liquidation-Extensions-1.9.24-v-2-for-posting.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 10

Using ED-developed templates that ED created specifically for the programs discussed in this report, an SEA may request a liquidation extension of up to 14 months beyond the automatic 120- day period to liquidate funds. For ESSER I and GEER I, this 14-month period ended on March 28, 2024. For ESSER II, GEER II, and EANS I,³³ the 14-month period ends on March 28, 2025. For ESSER III, EANS II, and ARP-HCY, the 14-month period ends on March 28, 2026.³⁴ Similarly, the outlying areas may also use ED-developed templates to request a liquidation extension of up to 14 months beyond the automatic 120-day period to liquidate funds for ESF I- SEA, ESF I-Governor, ESF II-SEA, ESF-II Governor, and ARP-OA SEA.³⁵ ED may consider extensions to liquidate funds beyond the aforementioned deadlines, but SEAs could not request extensions beyond these deadlines using the ED-developed templates.

According to ED policy, “in all circumstances, including late liquidations, federal funds may be used only for obligations that were incurred during the grant period (including the Tydings period) and only for allowable costs under the relevant program.”³⁶ ED will only consider late liquidation requests beyond 18 months from the end of the Tydings period under “extraordinary circumstances or in cases involving lengthy construction contracts.”³⁷ As of September 5, 2024, ED indicated that no grantees have submitted requests to expend funds beyond the 14-month period available through the ED-developed templates.³⁸

Any funds not expended will revert to the General Fund at Treasury five years after the close of ED’s obligation period (as opposed to the end of the Tydings period).³⁹ For programs authorized by the CARES Act, five years after the close of ED’s obligation period will occur on October 1,

33 With respect to EANS I and EANS II, the ED-developed templates can be used to request liquidation extensions for funds being used by the SEA to provide services to non-public schools and for funds that reverted to the governor. See, for example, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/01/ARP-ESSER-EANS-Liquidation-Extension-Request-1.10.24-v3.xlsx.

34 ED suggested, but did not require, that states submit their extension requests prior to December 31, 2022, for CARES Act funds; December 31, 2023, for CRRSSA funds; and December 31, 2024, for ARPA funds. U.S. Department of Education, General and Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for CARES ESSER, CARES GEER, CRRSA ESSER, CRRSA GEER, CRRSA EANS, ARP ESSER, and ARP EANS Liquidation Extension Requests, January 9, 2024, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/01/Updated-Technical-FAQs-for-Liquidation-Extensions-1.9.24-v-2-for-posting.pdf; and U.S. Department of Education, General and Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for American Rescue Plan Homeless Children and Youth program (ARP-HCY) Liquidation Extension Requests, February 23, 2024, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/02/Technical-FAQs-for-ARP-HCY-Liquidation-Extensions.pdf.

35 Letter from James F. Lane, Senior Advisor, Office of the Secretary, Delegated the Authority to Perform the Functions and Duties of the Assistant Secretary, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, to 84.425A Grantees and 84.425H Grantees, November 21, 2022, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2022/11/Liquidation-Extension-Process- Notification-Letter-Outlying-Areas.pdf; and Letter from Adam Schott, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Programs, Delegated the Authority to Perform the Functions and Duties of the Assistant Secretary, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, to 84.425X Grantees, January 9, 2024, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2024/01/ARP- Liquidation-Extension-Request-Cover-Letter-OAs.pdf. It does not appear that a separate letter was issued regarding funds provided under CRRSAA. However, the liquidation extension request form for CRRSAA funds is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2023/06/CRRSA-ESFSEA-ESFGov-Liquidation-Extension-Request-June-2023.xlsx.

36 U.S. Department of Education, Extension of Liquidation Periods and Related Accounting Adjustments for Grantees under Department of Education State-Administered Programs, June 5, 2007, https://www2.ed.gov/policy/fund/guid/ lateliquidation.doc.

37 See footnote 36.

38 Based on communication between CRS and ED on September 5, 2024.

39 U.S. Department of Education, Extension of Liquidation Periods and Related Accounting Adjustments for Grantees under Department of Education State-Administered Programs, June 5, 2007, https://www2.ed.gov/policy/fund/guid/ lateliquidation.doc. Also see U.S. Department of Education, Frequently Asked Questions: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Programs, Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Programs, December 7, 2022, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2022/12/ESSER-and-GEER-Use-of-Funds-FAQs-December-7-2022-Update.pdf.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 11

2026. For programs authorized by the CRRSAA, it will occur on October 1, 2027. For programs authorized by the ARPA, it will occur on October 1, 2028.⁴⁰

A detailed discussion of the obligation and liquidation periods for the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, and EANS program is included in Appendix B of CRS Report R47027, Education Stabilization Fund Programs Funded by the CARES Act, CRRSAA, and ARPA: Background and Analysis.

Program Expenditures

This section provides national data on expenditures under each of the programs examined in this report. It begins with a discussion of the data used to determine state expenditures. Tables presenting data for each program for states and outlying areas are included in Appendix A.

Data

Both USAspending.gov and the ESF Transparency Portal include data on grant awards and expenditures under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, and EANS program by state, as well as data on awards and expenditures for the outlying area programs.⁴¹ USAspending.gov is the “official open data source of federal spending information, including information about federal awards such as contracts, grants, and loans.”⁴² ED’s ESF Transparency Portal includes state-by-state data on the amount of funding provided to each state under each ESF program and the cumulative amount of funding that has been expended under each program.⁴³ The ESF Transparency Portal does not include data on ARP-HCY awards and expenditures. Data from USAspending.gov are used to update data in the ESF Transparency Portal maintained by ED.⁴⁴ The data on obligations and outlays used in this report were downloaded from USAspending.gov on October 16, 2024.

ED published allocation tables for each of the programs included in this report that were released when ED made grants to states under each of the programs.⁴⁵ CRS confirmed that the amounts

40 Dates corresponding to five years after the close of ED’s obligation period under the CARES Act, CRRSAA and ARPA were provided to CRS by ED on August 23, 2024. Based on current data, ED estimates that about $107 million of CARES Act funds will revert to the General Fund at Treasury on October 1, 2026. This estimate does not include an additional return of funds that may result from audits or monitoring of grantees and subgrantees.

41 The ESF Transparency Portal also provides data on funds awarded and expended under the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF). These funds are not discussed in this report.

42 For more information, see https://www.usaspending.gov/.

43 As previously mentioned, the data detailed in this report were downloaded from USAspending.gov. As of October 16, 2024, ED notes that the data on the ESF Transparency Portal were last retrieved by ED from USAspending.gov on October 8, 2024. Based on spot checking, the data retrieved by CRS from USAspending.gov on October 16, 2024, appear to match the data that ED retrieved on October 8, 2024.

44 For more information, see https://covid-relief-data.ed.gov/about-data.

45 The grant allocation table for ESSER I is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2020/04/ESSER-Fund-State- Allocations-Table.pdf. The grant allocation table for ESSER II is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/ Final_ESSERII_Methodology_Table_1.5.21.pdf. The grant allocation table for ESSER III is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/06/Revised-ARP-ESSER-Methodology-and-Allocation-Table_6.25.21_FINAL.pdf. The grant allocation table for GEER I is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/06/ GEERI_Methodology_Table_Revised_6.25.21_FINAL.pdf. The grant allocation table for GEER II is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/FINAL_GEERII_EANS-Methodology_Table_1.8.21.pdf. The grant allocation table for EANS I is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/FINAL_GEERII_EANS-Methodology_Table_1.8.21.pdf. The grant allocation table for EANS II is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/04/Final_ARP-EANS- Methodology-and-Table-3.16.21.pdf. The grant allocation table for Homeless Children and Youth is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/07/Revised-Attachment-1-ARP-Homeless-I-II-Total-Allocations.docx. The grant allocation table for ESF I-SEA and ESF I-Governor is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2020/05/OA-Allocations- (continued...)

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 12

reported in USAspending.gov for ESSER, GEER, EANS, ARP-HCY, and outlying area grants match the ED grant allocation announcements with a few exceptions under the GEER Fund. The GEER Fund grant awards posted in USAspending.gov match the grant allocation announcements for GEER I and GEER II⁴⁶ for all states except Massachusetts, Montana, and New York.⁴⁷ According to ED, these states declined a supplemental award under the GEER program that was made in July 2021.⁴⁸ For the purposes of this report, when discussing individual state data for the GEER program, the amount of funds actually received by these states is reported.

Neither USAspending.gov nor the ESF Transparency Portal includes data on funds that have been obligated but not expended. ED has collected some data on planned expenditures of ESSER funds, but these data are not updated on a regular basis.

Findings

Table A-1, Table A-2, Table A-3, and Table A-4 detail grant awards, cumulative outlays, and the percentage of funds outlaid under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, and ARP- HCY, respectively, for all states and at the national level. Table A-5 details grant awards, cumulative outlays, and the percentage of funds outlaid from the Education Stabilization Fund and ARPA as grants to SEAs for the outlying areas. Table A-6 details grant awards, cumulative outlays, and the percentage of funds outlaid from the ESF as grants to governors for the outlying areas. Table 3 and Table 4 included at the end of this section provide summaries of the aggregate expenditure data for states and outlying areas, respectively, under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS program, ARP-HCY, and grants to the outlying areas.

As previously discussed, these data do not reflect any funds that have been obligated but not expended. Thus, the percentages detailed in the aforementioned tables reflect the amount of funding expended, not the amount of funding that has been obligated by, or in advance of, the grant obligation deadlines. As previously discussed, the obligation deadlines are not the deadlines for expending funds, provided funds have been appropriately obligated by the obligation deadline.

At the national level, the percentage of funds outlaid is generally correlated with the percentage of the period of obligation that has passed for each of the programs.

ESSER Fund

As detailed in Table A-1 and summarized in Table 3, under ESSER I, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2022, 99.55% of funds have been outlaid. Under ESSER II,

Table.pdf. The grant allocation table for ESF II-SEA and ESF II-Governor is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/ 01/CRRSA-OA-allocations-and-methodology-1.11.21.doc. The grant allocation table for ARP-OA SEA is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/04/ARP-OAs-Methodology-and-Table.docx.

46 The grant allocation table for GEER I is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/06/GEERI_Methodology_Table_ Revised_6.25.21_FINAL.pdf. The grant allocation table for GEER II is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/ FINAL_GEERII_EANS-Methodology_Table_1.8.21.pdf.

47 USAspending.gov and the Transparency Portal indicate that Massachusetts received $50,843,703 under GEER I, rather than $50,844,840 as reported in the ED allocation table. Similarly, for GEER II, USAspending.gov and the Transparency Portal indicate that Massachusetts received $22,625,334, rather than $22,628,475 as reported in the ED allocation table. For Montana, USAspending.gov and the Transparency Portal indicate that the state received $8,764,495 under GEER I, rather than $8,764,737 as reported in the ED allocation table. Finally, USAspending.gov and the Transparency Portal indicate that New York received $164,286,083 under GEER I, rather than $164,291,001 as reported in the ED allocation table. Similarly, for GEER II, USAspending.gov and the Transparency Portal indicate that New York received $72,760,723 rather than $72,773,972 as reported in the ED allocation table.

48 Based on personal communication between CRS and ED on September 10, 2024.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 13

with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2023, 98.90% of funds have been outlaid. The expenditure rate is lowest for ESSER III, which has a period of obligation that expires in September 2024, at 84.33%. Overall, 89.57% of ESSER funds have been outlaid. As the majority of ESSER funds were provided through ESSER III, the lower expenditure rate for ESSER III results in an overall national expenditure rate that is below the expenditure rates for ESSER I and ESSER II. While 45 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds under ESSER I and 36 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds under ESSER II, no state has outlaid more than 95.25% under ESSER III, and 18 states have outlaid less than 80% of ESSER III funds.

GEER Fund

As detailed in Table A-2 and summarized in Table 3, under GEER I, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2022, 98.45% of funds have been outlaid. At the state level, 33 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds under GEER I, but all states have outlaid at least 88.04% of funds. Under GEER II, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2023, 93.41% of funds have been outlaid. At the state level, 25 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds, while 3 states have outlaid less than 80% of funds. Overall, 96.90% of GEER funds have been outlaid, with a median state expenditure rate of 98.68%.

EANS Program

As detailed in Table A-3 and summarized in Table 3, under EANS I, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2023, 90.69% of funds have been outlaid, with a median state expenditure rate of 97.88%. At the state level, 21 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds, while 3 states have outlaid less than 75% of funds. Under EANS II, with a period of obligation that will expire at the end of September 2024, 63.23% of funds have been outlaid, with a median state expenditure rate of 68.09%. At the state level, only 3 states have outlaid at least 99% of funds, while 33 states have outlaid less than 75% of funds. Overall, 76.96% of EANS funds have been outlaid.

ARP-HCY

As detailed in Table A-4 and summarized in Table 3, 64.74% of ARP-HCY funds have been outlaid, with a median state expenditure rate of 67.02%. No state has outlaid more than 91.73% of funds, and 30 states have outlaid less than 70% of funds. The period of obligation for these funds will expire at the end of September 2024.

Funds for the Outlying Areas

As detailed in Table A-5 and summarized in Table 4, under ESF I-SEA, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2022, 99.39% of funds have been outlaid. Under ESF II-SEA, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2023, 95.82% of funds have been outlaid. The expenditure rate for ARP-OA SEA, which has a period of obligation that expires in September 2024, is lowest at 50.38%. Overall, 66.46% of funds provided to outlying areas to be used for ESSER-type purposes have been outlaid.

As detailed in Table A-6 and summarized in Table 4, under ESF I-Governor, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2022, 97.83% of funds have been outlaid. Under ESF II-Governor, with a period of obligation that expired at the end of September 2023, 79.52% of funds have been outlaid. Overall, 84.52% of funds provided to outlying areas to be used for GEER-type purposes have been outlaid.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 14

Table 3. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund,

EANS, and ARP-HCY for States

A B C D

Program Total Grant Award Outlays

Percentage of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C / Col. B)

ESSER Fund

ESSER I $13,229,265,000 $13,169,492,455 99.55%

ESSER II $54,311,004,000 $53,715,299,989 98.90%

ESSER III $121,974,800,000 $102,856,970,124 84.33%

ESSER Total $189,515,069,000 $169,741,762,568 89.57%

GEER Funda

GEER I $2,953,223,703 $2,907,367,893 98.45%

GEER II $1,303,043,610 $1,217,134,165 93.41%

GEER Total $4,256,267,313 $4,124,502,058 96.90%

EANSb

EANS I $2,750,000,000 $2,494,019,807 90.69%

EANS II $2,750,000,000 $1,738,869,662 63.23%

EANS Total $5,500,000,000 $4,232,889,470 76.96%

ARP-HCY

ARP-HCYc $799,000,000 $517,284,901 94.74%

All Programs Total $200,070,336,313 $178,616,438,997 89.28%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024, and ED GEER award allocation tables, available at https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/response- formula-grants/covid-19-emergency-relief-grants/governors-emergency-education-relief-fund. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the state by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the state. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. ESSER I and GEER I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). ESSER II, GEER I, and EANS I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). ESSER III, EANS II, and ARP-HCY funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). ESSER Fund: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund GEER Fund: Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund EANS Program: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools program ARP-HCY: American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth program a. The Total Grant Award amounts do not match the amounts appropriated for the GEER Fund due to three states declining a supplemental award in July 2021 (Massachusetts, Montana, and New York).

b. Data on the expenditure of EANS funds do not differentiate between funds expended to provide assistance to non-public schools and funds that reverted to the governor and were subsequently expended.

c. A total of $800 million was available for the ARP-HCY program. ED was permitted to reserve $1 million for national activities. The remaining $799 million were available for grants to states.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 15

Table 4. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Education Stabilization

Fund and American Rescue Plan Act for State Educational Agencies and Governors

for the Outlying Areas

A B C D

Program Total Grant Award Outlays

Percentage of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C / Col. B)

ESF-SEA and ARP-OA SEA

ESF I-SEA $123,000,000 $122,252,527 99.39%

ESF II-SEA $327,520,000 $313,828,889 95.82%

ARP-OA SEA $850,000,000 $428,255,248 50.38%

SEA Total $1,300,520,000 $864,336,665 66.46%

ESF-Governor

ESF I-Governor $30,750,000 $30,082,191 97.83%

ESF II-Governor $81,880,000 $65,107,325 79.52%

ESF Governor Total $112,630,000 $95,189,515 84.52%

All Programs Total $1,413,150,000 $959,526,180 67.90%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: The outlying areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the outlying area by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the outlying area. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. ESF I-SEA and ESF I-Governor funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). ESF II-SEA and ESF II-Governor funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). ARP-OA SEA funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). ESF: Education Stabilization Fund SEA: State educational agency ARP: American Rescue Plan OA: Outlying area

State Requests for Liquidation Extensions

As discussed previously, ED indicated that it would accept requests from SEAs and outlying areas to extend the liquidation period for funds awarded under each of the programs discussed in this report provided the funds were properly obligated by the relevant deadline. Data on these requests, their disposition, and the amount of funds for which an extension was sought was provided to CRS by ED on October 3, 2024. According to ED, the data were current as of October 1, 2024. As this information is being continually updated by ED, the information presented in this report reflects the status of SEA and outlying area liquidation extension requests as of the aforementioned date. ED is continuing to accept liquidation extension requests for programs authorized by the CRRSSA and ARPA. The initial liquidation extension period for CARES Act funds that states could apply for using the ED-developed templated ended no later than March 28, 2024.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 16

SEA Liquidation Extension Requests

Based on the data provided by ED, 32 states have submitted liquidation extension requests for at least one of the programs discussed in this report and 31 states have received approval for a liquidation extension for at least one program. Of the 31 states with approved requests, most have been approved for liquidation extensions for more than one program. In addition, some states have applications for liquidation extensions under ESSER III or EANS II that are either under review or pending approval by ED. Table 5 provides a summary of the number of liquidation extensions received by the states for each of the relevant programs discussed in this report, the total amount of funding that has been approved for an extension, and the number of applications under review or pending approval by ED for each program. Overall, 85 liquidation extension requests submitted by the states have been approved, allowing $2.1 billion (1.07% of grant awards) to be expended for up to 14 months beyond the automatic 120-day period to liquidate funds. Table B-1 provides the data for each state. ED has indicated that no requests for a liquidation extension have been denied.⁴⁹

The states that have not submitted a request for any liquidation extensions include Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

Table 5. State Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund,

EANS, and ARP-HCY as of October 1, 2024

A B C D E

Approved Requests

Program

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Approvals

Received by

States

Total Amount of

Funds Approved

for Liquidation

Extensions

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Requests Under

Reviewa

Number of

Liquidation

Extensions

Pending

Approvalb

ESSER Fund

ESSER I 12 $15,715,205 na na

ESSER II 26 $370,277,932 0 0

ESSER III 5 $1,085,003,294 0 1

GEER Fund

GEER I 9 $11,243,370 na na

GEER II 14 $26,385,527 0 0

EANSc

EANS I 13 $216,946,919 0 1

EANS II 6 $409,941,697 2 1

ARP-HCY

ARP-HCY 0 $0 2 0

49 Unpublished data provided to CRS by the U.S. Department of Education (on August 23, 2024).

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 17

A B C D E

Approved Requests

Program

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Approvals

Received by

States

Total Amount of

Funds Approved

for Liquidation

Extensions

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Requests Under

Reviewa

Number of

Liquidation

Extensions

Pending

Approvalb

Total 85 $2,135,513,945 4 3

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on October 3, 2024. Notes: The amounts listed on the table are inclusive of any amended requests a state may have submitted after its initial request approval by ED for a particular program. ESSER Fund: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund GEER Fund: Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund EANS Program: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools program ARP-HCY: American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth program na: Not applicable, as ED is no longer accepting applications submitted using the ED-developed liquidation extension template for programs authorized by the CARES Act; the liquidation extension available through this application process ended no later than March 28, 2024. a. A request that is “Under Review” indicates that the state has recently submitted a request that is under review or that ED is awaiting revised information from the state.

b. A request that is “Pending Approval” indicates that the state has submitted a request that is undergoing final review and has been recommended for approval.

c. Data on state liquidation extension requests for EANS funds do not differentiate between funds to provide assistance to non-public schools and funds that reverted to the governor.

Outlying Area Liquidation Extension Requests

Based on the ED data, every outlying area has an approved liquidation extension request for at least one of the relevant programs. To date, none of the outlying areas has applied for a liquidation extension for ARP-OA SEA funds. Overall, eight liquidation extension requests submitted by the outlying areas have been approved, allowing $32.2 million (2.28% of grant awards) to be expended for up to 14 months beyond the automatic 120-day period to liquidate funds. Table 6 provides a summary of the number of liquidation extensions received by the outlying areas for each of the relevant programs discussed in this report, the total amount of funding that has been approved for an extension, and the number applications under review or pending approval by ED for each program. Table B-2 provides the data for each outlying area.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 18

Table 6. Outlying Area Liquidation Extension Requests for the Education

Stabilization Fund and American Rescue Plan Act for State Educational Agencies

and Governors as of October 1, 2024

A B C D E

Approved Requests

Program

Number of

Approved

Liquidation

Extensions for

the Outlying

Areas

Total Amount of

Funds Approved

for Liquidation

Extensions

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Requests Under

Review for the

Outlying Areasa

Number of

Liquidation

Extension

Requests Pending

Approval for the

Outlying Areasb

ESF SEA and ARP-OA SEA

ESF I-SEA 1 $521,939 na na

ESF II-SEA 3 $17,816,265 0 0

ARP-OA SEA 0 $0 0 0

ESF Governor

ESF I-Governor 1 $2,725,875 na na

ESF II-Governor 3 $11,119,741 0 0

Total 8 $32,183,820 0 0

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education on October 3, 2024. Notes: The outlying areas include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. The amounts listed on the table are inclusive of any amended requests an outlying area may have submitted after its initial request approval. ED is no longer accepting applications submitted using the ED-developed liquidation extension template for programs authorized by the CARES Act, as the liquidation extension available through this application process ended no later than March 28, 2024. ESF: Education Stabilization Fund SEA: State educational agency ARP: American Rescue Plan OA: Outlying area na: Not applicable, as ED is no longer accepting applications submitted using the ED-developed liquidation extension template for programs authorized by the CARES Act; the liquidation extension available through this application process ended no later than March 28, 2024. a. A request that is “Under Review” indicates that the outlying area has recently submitted a request that is under review or that ED is awaiting revised information from the outlying area.

b. A request that is “Pending Approval” indicates that the outlying area has submitted a request that is undergoing final review and has been recommended for approval.

EANS Funds That Reverted to Governors

As previously discussed, EANS I and EANS II funds that were not obligated to provide services or assistance to non-public schools within six months of the state receiving the funds reverted back to the governor to use in accordance with the provisions of the GEER Fund. This section provides a snapshot of how much of the EANS funding reverted back to governors based on self- reported data that were provided to ED. These data continue to be updated by the states.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service 19

Data

The self-reported data from states on EANS funds that reverted to governors were provided to CRS by ED on October 21, 2024. According to ED, states are continuing to update and revise these data, so the data presented in this report are current only as of the aforementioned date. With respect to data on total EANS awards, CRS used EANS program allocation tables that were released when ED made grants to states under the program.⁵⁰

Methodology and Findings

Table C-1 details, for each state, EANS program grant awards, EANS funding that has reverted to the governor under EANS I and EANS II, and the percentage of funds that reverted to the governor.

Based on the self-reported data from states provided to ED on October 10, 2024, under EANS I, the percentage of funds that have reverted to the governor ranged from 0% in 16 states to 86.10% in Wyoming.⁵¹ Overall, 15.34% ($421.9 million) of EANS I funds have reverted to governors. Under EANS II, among states that reported data, the percentage of funds that have reverted to the governor ranged from 0% in 12 states to 100% in Wyoming.⁵² Overall, 31.85% ($875.9 million) of EANS II funds have reverted to governors. Under EANS I and EANS II combined, among states that reported data for both EANS I and EANS II, the percentage of overall EANS funds that have reverted to the governor ranged from 0% in 7 states to 93.13% in Wyoming.⁵³ Overall, 23.60% ($1,297,848,612) of total EANS funds have reverted to governors.

50 The grant allocation table for EANS I is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/FINAL_GEERII_EANS- Methodology_Table_1.8.21.pdf. The grant allocation table for EANS II is available at https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/ 04/Final_ARP-EANS-Methodology-and-Table-3.16.21.pdf.

51 The 16 states that have had no EANS I funds revert to the governor are California, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. Three states have had over 70% of EANS I funds revert to the governor: Alaska, Georgia, and Wyoming.

52 The 12 states that have had no EANS II funds revert to the governor are California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, Utah, and Wisconsin. In addition, 18 states have had over 70% of EANS II funds revert to the governor: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Puerto Rico, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming.

53 The seven states that have had no EANS funds revert to the governor are California, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, and Wisconsin. Five states have had over 70% of their total EANS funds revert to the governor: Alaska, Idaho, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wyoming.

CRS-20

Appendix A. ESSER, GEER, EANS, ARP-HCY, and OA Program Expenditures by States and Outlying Areas

Table A-1. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER)

Fund, by State

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col.

E + Col. H)

Outlays

(Col. C + Col.

F + Col. I)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. L /

Col. K)

Alabama $216,947,540 $215,777,088 99.46% $899,464,932 $879,479,128 97.78% $2,021,518,529 $1,894,193,587 93.70% $3,137,931,001 $2,989,449,803 95.27%

Alaska $38,407,914 $38,407,914 100.00% $159,719,422 $159,709,608 99.99% $358,770,937 $313,487,124 87.38% $556,898,273 $511,604,646 91.87%

Arizona $277,422,944 $277,415,036 100.00% $1,149,715,947 $1,132,163,203 98.47% $2,583,943,517 $2,037,404,041 78.85% $4,011,082,408 $3,446,982,280 85.94%

Arkansas $128,758,638 $128,741,803 99.99% $558,017,409 $554,085,071 99.30% $1,254,119,960 $1,143,810,292 91.20% $1,940,896,007 $1,826,637,166 94.11%

California $1,647,306,127 $1,645,547,203 99.89% $6,709,633,866 $6,694,906,309 99.78% $15,079,696,097 $12,308,343,674 81.62% $23,436,636,090 $20,648,797,185 88.10%

Colorado $120,993,782 $120,928,846 99.95% $519,324,311 $517,287,898 99.61% $1,167,153,961 $986,343,764 84.51% $1,807,472,054 $1,624,560,508 89.88%

Connecticut $111,068,059 $111,059,747 99.99% $492,426,458 $490,622,843 99.63% $1,106,696,657 $873,494,392 78.93% $1,710,191,174 $1,475,176,982 86.26%

Delaware $43,492,753 $43,492,753 100.00% $182,885,104 $182,885,104 100.00% $410,861,389 $360,564,010 87.76% $637,239,246 $586,941,867 92.11%

District of Columbia

$42,006,354 $41,816,051 99.55% $172,013,174 $170,969,449 99.39% $386,476,999 $196,621,060 50.88% $600,496,527 $409,406,560 68.18%

Florida $770,247,851 $760,762,673 98.77% $3,133,878,723 $3,054,370,829 97.46% $7,043,370,152 $6,005,717,536 85.27% $10,947,496,726 $9,820,851,038 89.71%

Georgia $457,169,852 $456,509,679 99.86% $1,892,092,618 $1,889,386,286 99.86% $4,252,431,691 $3,750,227,794 88.19% $6,601,694,161 $6,096,123,758 92.34%

Hawaii $43,385,229 $43,366,909 99.96% $183,595,211 $183,595,211 100.00% $412,530,212 $392,950,000 95.25% $639,510,652 $619,912,120 96.94%

Idaho $47,854,695 $47,746,989 99.77% $195,890,413 $195,804,854 99.96% $440,131,922 $366,823,619 83.34% $683,877,030 $610,375,462 89.25%

CRS-21

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col.

E + Col. H)

Outlays

(Col. C + Col.

F + Col. I)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. L /

Col. K)

Illinois $569,467,218 $568,151,309 99.77% $2,250,804,891 $2,242,176,552 99.62% $5,058,601,934 $4,359,566,921 86.18% $7,878,874,043 $7,169,894,782 91.00%

Indiana $214,472,770 $214,435,952 99.98% $888,183,537 $884,148,011 99.55% $1,996,145,076 $1,563,178,072 78.31% $3,098,801,383 $2,661,762,035 85.90%

Iowa $71,625,561 $71,625,561 100.00% $344,864,294 $344,864,294 100.00% $775,053,259 $734,442,716 94.76% $1,191,543,114 $1,150,932,571 96.59%

Kansas $84,529,061 $84,529,061 100.00% $369,829,794 $369,829,794 100.00% $831,170,555 $735,304,227 88.47% $1,285,529,410 $1,189,663,082 92.54%

Kentucky $193,186,874 $193,166,613 99.99% $928,274,720 $923,634,665 99.50% $2,001,216,921 $1,724,257,048 86.16% $3,122,678,515 $2,841,058,326 90.98%

Louisiana $286,980,175 $284,809,761 99.24% $1,160,119,378 $1,156,356,070 99.68% $2,607,344,054 $2,057,608,107 78.92% $4,054,443,607 $3,498,773,938 86.29%

Maine $43,793,319 $43,548,358 99.44% $183,138,601 $179,272,465 97.89% $411,429,361 $293,718,606 71.39% $638,361,281 $516,539,429 80.92%

Maryland $207,834,058 $206,392,718 99.31% $868,771,243 $778,285,528 89.58% $1,952,539,087 $1,160,661,862 59.44% $3,029,144,388 $2,145,340,108 70.82%

Massachusetts $214,894,317 $214,878,807 99.99% $814,890,396 $814,394,685 99.94% $1,831,416,990 $1,438,372,132 78.54% $2,861,201,703 $2,467,645,624 86.25%

Michigan $389,796,984 $386,230,389 99.09% $1,656,308,286 $1,626,517,520 98.20% $3,722,478,258 $3,304,470,899 88.77% $5,768,583,528 $5,317,218,808 92.18%

Minnesota $140,137,253 $139,890,731 99.82% $588,036,257 $585,960,330 99.65% $1,321,564,450 $1,030,169,348 77.95% $2,049,737,960 $1,756,020,409 85.67%

Mississippi $169,883,002 $166,843,234 98.21% $724,532,847 $681,196,067 94.02% $1,628,366,137 $1,192,643,410 73.24% $2,522,781,986 $2,040,682,711 80.89%

Missouri $208,443,300 $208,443,300 100.00% $871,172,291 $861,312,540 98.87% $1,957,916,288 $1,705,642,036 87.12% $3,037,531,879 $2,775,397,876 91.37%

Montana $41,295,230 $41,295,230 100.00% $170,099,465 $170,099,465 100.00% $382,019,236 $278,245,370 72.84% $593,413,931 $489,640,065 82.51%

Nebraska $65,085,085 $64,953,256 99.80% $243,073,530 $243,063,482 100.00% $546,290,147 $320,741,633 58.71% $854,448,762 $628,758,370 73.59%

Nevada $117,185,045 $115,804,501 98.82% $477,322,438 $472,333,108 98.95% $1,072,783,189 $966,704,716 90.11% $1,667,290,672 $1,554,842,325 93.26%

New Hampshire $37,641,372 $37,194,317 98.81% $156,065,807 $152,560,669 97.75% $350,561,159 $251,532,887 71.75% $544,268,338 $441,287,874 81.08%

New Jersey $310,371,213 $306,740,071 98.83% $1,230,971,757 $1,217,536,776 98.91% $2,766,529,533 $2,202,700,623 79.62% $4,307,872,503 $3,726,977,470 86.52%

New Mexico $108,574,786 $108,574,786 100.00% $435,938,638 $433,664,747 99.48% $979,761,933 $831,586,255 84.88% $1,524,275,357 $1,373,825,788 90.13%

CRS-22

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col.

E + Col. H)

Outlays

(Col. C + Col.

F + Col. I)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. L /

Col. K)

New York $1,037,045,603 $1,034,195,390 99.73% $4,002,381,738 $3,973,431,234 99.28% $8,995,282,324 $7,934,897,481 88.21% $14,034,709,665 $12,942,524,105 92.22%

North Carolina $396,311,607 $395,103,620 99.70% $1,602,590,987 $1,587,609,365 99.07% $3,601,780,364 $3,295,830,332 91.51% $5,600,682,958 $5,278,543,318 94.25%

North Dakota $33,297,699 $33,144,581 99.54% $135,924,393 $135,921,822 100.00% $305,338,029 $267,329,240 87.55% $474,560,121 $436,395,643 91.96%

Ohio $489,205,200 $487,914,012 99.74% $1,991,251,095 $1,888,867,436 94.86% $4,475,243,513 $4,095,593,199 91.52% $6,955,699,808 $6,472,374,647 93.05%

Oklahoma $160,950,476 $160,891,578 99.96% $665,038,753 $665,038,753 100.00% $1,494,647,051 $1,385,071,894 92.67% $2,320,636,280 $2,211,002,225 95.28%

Oregon $121,099,019 $121,098,915 100.00% $499,153,891 $499,079,899 99.99% $1,121,814,984 $925,108,259 82.47% $1,742,067,894 $1,545,287,073 88.70%

Pennsylvania $523,807,198 $519,372,848 99.15% $2,224,964,030 $2,181,318,766 98.04% $5,000,509,384 $4,095,079,359 81.89% $7,749,280,612 $6,795,770,973 87.70%

Puerto Rico $349,113,105 $333,501,313 95.53% $1,320,626,161 $1,305,165,917 98.83% $2,968,079,229 $1,985,898,310 66.91% $4,637,818,495 $3,624,565,540 78.15%

Rhode Island $46,350,444 $46,338,683 99.97% $184,791,567 $182,867,987 98.96% $415,145,839 $357,364,305 86.08% $646,287,850 $586,570,974 90.76%

South Carolina $216,311,158 $216,264,456 99.98% $940,420,782 $938,868,094 99.83% $2,113,567,527 $1,850,491,926 87.55% $3,270,299,467 $3,005,624,477 91.91%

South Dakota $41,295,230 $41,238,494 99.86% $170,099,465 $169,548,503 99.68% $382,019,236 $302,877,006 79.28% $593,413,931 $513,664,003 86.56%

Tennessee $259,891,154 $259,890,508 100.00% $1,107,656,022 $1,107,656,020 100.00% $2,489,423,407 $2,092,044,925 84.04% $3,856,970,583 $3,459,591,453 89.70%

Texas $1,285,886,064 $1,284,997,179 99.93% $5,529,552,209 $5,517,425,216 99.78% $12,427,523,267 $11,237,944,298 90.43% $19,242,961,540 $18,040,366,693 93.75%

Utah $67,821,787 $67,148,951 99.01% $274,071,684 $273,243,253 99.70% $615,929,016 $475,616,274 77.22% $957,822,487 $816,008,478 85.19%

Vermont $31,148,360 $30,643,732 98.38% $126,973,363 $124,830,337 98.31% $285,223,414 $205,754,556 72.14% $443,345,137 $361,228,625 81.48%

Virginia $238,599,192 $238,115,502 99.80% $939,280,578 $939,279,722 100.00% $2,110,988,891 $1,693,660,885 80.23% $3,288,868,661 $2,871,056,110 87.30%

Washington $216,892,447 $216,634,220 99.88% $824,852,290 $823,172,798 99.80% $1,853,788,024 $1,734,367,585 93.56% $2,895,532,761 $2,774,174,603 95.81%

West Virginia $86,640,471 $86,613,872 99.97% $339,032,096 $338,235,008 99.76% $761,960,095 $643,139,790 84.41% $1,187,632,662 $1,067,988,670 89.93%

Wisconsin $174,777,774 $174,741,313 99.98% $686,056,238 $686,056,238 100.00% $1,541,867,439 $1,246,067,115 80.82% $2,402,701,451 $2,106,864,667 87.69%

CRS-23

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col.

E + Col. H)

Outlays

(Col. C + Col.

F + Col. I)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. L /

Col. K)

Wyoming $32,562,651 $32,562,647 100.00% $135,230,900 $135,211,057 99.99% $303,779,377 $251,305,622 82.73% $471,572,928 $419,079,326 88.87%

National Total $13,229,265,000 $13,169,492,455 99.55% $54,311,004,000 $53,715,299,989 98.90% $121,974,800,000 $102,856,970,124 84.33% $189,515,069,000 $169,741,762,568 89.57%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the state by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the state. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. ESSER I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). ESSER II funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). ESSER III funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2).

Table A-2. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund, by State

A B C D E F G H I J

GEER I GEER II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays (Col.

C + Col. F)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Alabama $48,853,203 $48,279,980 98.83% $21,356,788 $20,517,662 96.07% $70,209,991 $68,797,642 97.99%

Alaska $6,503,700 $6,502,052 99.97% $2,824,465 $2,823,151 99.95% $9,328,165 $9,325,203 99.97%

Arizona $69,198,549 $66,311,113 95.83% $30,909,075 $30,909,075 100.00% $100,107,624 $97,220,188 97.12%

Arkansas $30,664,782 $30,664,782 100.00% $13,380,894 $13,380,120 99.99% $44,045,676 $44,044,902 100.00%

CRS-24

A B C D E F G H I J

GEER I GEER II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays (Col.

C + Col. F)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

California $355,237,757 $354,611,723 99.82% $153,992,950 $151,146,662 98.15% $509,230,707 $505,758,385 99.32%

Colorado $44,006,017 $38,979,194 88.58% $19,434,248 $19,197,524 98.78% $63,440,265 $58,176,718 91.70%

Connecticut $27,882,366 $24,548,508 88.04% $12,450,941 $9,621,715 77.28% $40,333,307 $34,170,223 84.72%

Delaware $7,917,051 $7,837,689 99.00% $3,459,188 $3,459,188 100.00% $11,376,239 $11,296,877 99.30%

District of Columbia

$5,807,869 $5,807,869 100.00% $2,416,005 $2,414,841 99.95% $8,223,874 $8,222,710 99.99%

Florida $173,591,320 $172,628,510 99.45% $75,812,848 $32,578,213 42.97% $249,404,168 $205,206,723 82.28%

Georgia $105,724,181 $103,936,060 98.31% $47,083,508 $44,640,162 94.81% $152,807,689 $148,576,222 97.23%

Hawaii $9,993,609 $9,993,387 100.00% $4,456,306 $4,455,694 99.99% $14,449,915 $14,449,081 99.99%

Idaho $15,676,743 $15,671,630 99.97% $6,858,052 $6,858,052 100.00% $22,534,795 $22,529,682 99.98%

Illinois $108,500,769 $108,130,915 99.66% $47,912,306 $46,528,838 97.11% $156,413,075 $154,659,753 98.88%

Indiana $61,592,746 $61,577,215 99.97% $26,534,087 $26,534,077 100.00% $88,126,833 $88,111,292 99.98%

Iowa $26,217,740 $25,784,045 98.35% $11,567,957 $11,553,673 99.88% $37,785,697 $37,337,717 98.81%

Kansas $26,274,863 $26,274,863 100.00% $11,678,709 $11,678,709 100.00% $37,953,572 $37,953,572 100.00%

Kentucky $43,711,994 $43,332,722 99.13% $19,100,248 $18,258,291 95.59% $62,812,242 $61,591,013 98.06%

Louisiana $50,278,669 $50,270,815 99.98% $22,990,617 $22,990,617 100.00% $73,269,286 $73,261,432 99.99%

Maine $9,273,788 $9,273,788 100.00% $4,082,962 $4,054,157 99.29% $13,356,750 $13,327,945 99.78%

Maryland $45,659,054 $43,254,032 94.73% $20,735,518 $19,935,517 96.14% $66,394,572 $63,189,550 95.17%

Massachusetts $50,843,703 $50,705,054 99.73% $22,625,334 $22,477,366 99.35% $73,469,037 $73,182,420 99.61%

Michigan $89,435,381 $87,911,051 98.30% $38,888,950 $34,591,207 88.95% $128,324,331 $122,502,258 95.46%

CRS-25

A B C D E F G H I J

GEER I GEER II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays (Col.

C + Col. F)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Minnesota $43,428,236 $42,567,103 98.02% $19,486,311 $18,995,849 97.48% $62,914,547 $61,562,952 97.85%

Mississippi $34,664,200 $33,053,063 95.35% $15,581,517 $13,577,335 87.14% $50,245,717 $46,630,397 92.80%

Missouri $54,644,754 $53,546,141 97.99% $24,145,405 $22,691,145 93.98% $78,790,159 $76,237,286 96.76%

Montana $8,764,495 $8,597,176 98.09% $3,925,618 $3,487,273 88.83% $12,690,113 $12,084,450 95.23%

Nebraska $16,358,075 $16,358,075 100.00% $7,162,159 $4,755,578 66.40% $23,520,234 $21,113,653 89.77%

Nevada $26,478,157 $26,476,157 99.99% $12,012,231 $10,460,781 87.08% $38,490,388 $36,936,938 95.96%

New Hampshire $8,891,635 $8,672,375 97.53% $3,800,242 $3,774,812 99.33% $12,691,877 $12,447,188 98.07%

New Jersey $68,866,711 $68,831,468 99.95% $29,930,743 $29,676,054 99.15% $98,797,454 $98,507,521 99.71%

New Mexico $22,263,463 $22,263,463 100.00% $9,849,995 $8,445,670 85.74% $32,113,458 $30,709,133 95.63%

New York $164,286,083 $163,670,983 99.63% $72,760,723 $72,290,393 99.35% $237,046,806 $235,961,376 99.54%

North Carolina $95,641,854 $95,368,196 99.71% $42,928,649 $41,768,716 97.30% $138,570,503 $137,136,912 98.97%

North Dakota $5,932,825 $5,932,825 100.00% $2,732,697 $2,606,742 95.39% $8,665,522 $8,539,567 98.55%

Ohio $104,920,249 $104,561,492 99.66% $46,303,196 $45,760,394 98.83% $151,223,445 $150,321,886 99.40%

Oklahoma $39,920,664 $38,009,808 95.21% $17,712,950 $17,485,575 98.72% $57,633,614 $55,495,383 96.29%

Oregon $32,508,822 $32,508,822 100.00% $14,174,308 $14,174,308 100.00% $46,683,130 $46,683,130 100.00%

Pennsylvania $104,421,207 $103,189,345 98.82% $47,083,088 $44,994,202 95.56% $151,504,295 $148,183,547 97.81%

Puerto Rico $47,814,615 $47,814,615 100.00% $21,836,249 $18,064,360 82.73% $69,650,864 $65,878,975 94.58%

Rhode Island $8,704,488 $8,651,533 99.39% $3,804,963 $3,276,078 86.10% $12,509,451 $11,927,611 95.35%

South Carolina $48,469,552 $48,467,924 100.00% $21,093,241 $21,093,241 100.00% $69,562,793 $69,561,165 100.00%

CRS-26

A B C D E F G H I J

GEER I GEER II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays (Col.

C + Col. F)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

South Dakota $7,944,235 $7,944,235 100.00% $3,503,867 $3,503,867 100.00% $11,448,102 $11,448,102 100.00%

Tennessee $63,584,117 $63,584,117 100.00% $27,807,507 $27,807,507 100.00% $91,391,624 $91,391,624 100.00%

Texas $307,036,242 $291,962,283 95.09% $134,357,266 $127,595,294 94.97% $441,393,508 $419,557,578 95.05%

Utah $29,190,230 $28,903,595 99.02% $13,201,742 $13,069,507 99.00% $42,391,972 $41,973,103 99.01%

Vermont $4,488,898 $3,997,960 89.06% $1,931,057 $1,813,188 93.90% $6,419,955 $5,811,148 90.52%

Virginia $66,776,941 $66,142,015 99.05% $29,971,079 $29,971,079 100.00% $96,748,020 $96,113,094 99.34%

Washington $56,770,611 $56,769,263 100.00% $25,456,145 $25,452,000 99.98% $82,226,756 $82,221,263 99.99%

West Virginia $16,353,874 $15,984,363 97.74% $7,060,467 $7,060,467 100.00% $23,414,341 $23,044,830 98.42%

Wisconsin $46,551,563 $46,551,563 100.00% $20,836,198 $20,836,198 100.00% $67,387,761 $67,387,761 100.00%

Wyoming $4,701,053 $4,700,937 100.00% $2,042,041 $2,042,041 100.00% $6,743,094 $6,742,978 100.00%

National Total $2,953,223,703 $2,907,367,893 98.45% $1,303,043,610 $1,217,134,165 93.41% $4,256,267,313 $4,124,502,058 96.90%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024, and ED GEER award allocation tables, available at https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/formula-grants/response-formula-grants/covid-19-emergency-relief-grants/governors-emergency-education-relief-fund. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the state by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the state. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. GEER I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). GEER II funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). Funds provided under the Education for Non-Public Schools (EANS) program that may have reverted to the governor to use in accordance with the GEER Fund provisions are not included in this table. Those funds continue to be accounted for under the EANS program. The nationwide totals for grants awarded do not match the amounts appropriated for the GEER Fund due to three states declining a supplemental award in July 2021 (Massachusetts, Montana, and New York). ED’s grant allocation table includes those declined supplemental awards, but they were not actually provided to the states.

CRS-27

Table A-3. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program,

by State

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Alabama $45,502,043 $45,203,246 99.34% $44,895,780 $41,753,762 93.00% $90,397,823 $86,957,008 96.19%

Alaska $5,367,703 $5,355,653 99.78% $5,882,303 $4,519,155 76.83% $11,250,006 $9,874,808 87.78%

Arizona $54,413,531 $54,413,531 100.00% $54,444,547 $37,997,834 69.79% $108,858,078 $92,411,365 84.89%

Arkansas $22,872,412 $22,872,094 100.00% $22,903,129 $12,357,459 53.96% $45,775,541 $35,229,553 76.96%

California $187,475,843 $160,713,705 85.73% $181,312,003 $98,192,887 54.16% $368,787,846 $258,906,593 70.20%

Colorado $28,433,931 $27,277,132 95.93% $28,709,729 $12,296,879 42.83% $57,143,660 $39,574,011 69.25%

Connecticut $15,831,765 $15,775,239 99.64% $15,956,897 $15,452,734 96.84% $31,788,662 $31,227,972 98.24%

Delaware $4,965,788 $4,965,788 100.00% $3,889,481 $3,885,893 99.91% $8,855,269 $8,851,681 99.96%

District of Columbia

$5,312,618 $4,545,708 85.56% $4,533,977 $1,327,819 29.29% $9,846,595 $5,873,527 59.65%

Florida $212,978,041 $198,083,490 93.01% $221,188,900 $184,173,688 83.27% $434,166,941 $382,257,178 88.04%

Georgia $79,175,146 $57,829,827 73.04% $75,408,050 $73,229,841 97.11% $154,583,196 $131,059,668 84.78%

Hawaii $9,815,286 $9,815,286 100.00% $10,365,129 $10,365,129 100.00% $20,180,415 $20,180,415 100.00%

Idaho $19,581,608 $16,702,355 85.30% $21,961,960 $6,601,340 30.06% $41,543,568 $23,303,694 56.09%

Illinois $84,489,804 $79,877,336 94.54% $83,246,346 $60,269,971 72.40% $167,736,150 $140,147,307 83.55%

Indiana $81,656,000 $81,656,000 100.00% $78,874,005 $49,956,070 63.34% $160,530,005 $131,612,070 81.99%

Iowa $26,271,345 $26,269,325 99.99% $23,744,042 $21,690,835 91.35% $50,015,387 $47,960,160 95.89%

Kansas $26,667,139 $26,596,035 99.73% $25,069,862 $15,051,228 60.04% $51,737,001 $41,647,263 80.50%

CRS-28

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Kentucky $40,817,799 $38,613,334 94.60% $42,665,620 $31,192,706 73.11% $83,483,419 $69,806,039 83.62%

Louisiana $55,566,230 $54,372,884 97.85% $55,674,204 $53,937,707 96.88% $111,240,434 $108,310,591 97.37%

Maine $12,751,099 $12,751,099 100.00% $12,327,260 $2,253,664 18.28% $25,078,359 $15,004,763 59.83%

Maryland $35,878,533 $29,126,017 81.18% $39,248,769 $7,818,718 19.92% $75,127,302 $36,944,735 49.18%

Massachusetts $24,225,048 $22,736,376 93.85% $24,826,386 $19,083,958 76.87% $49,051,434 $41,820,334 85.26%

Michigan $86,776,841 $86,175,032 99.31% $86,894,397 $53,004,121 61.00% $173,671,238 $139,179,153 80.14%

Minnesota $41,907,253 $36,925,031 88.11% $40,488,656 $25,192,459 62.22% $82,395,909 $62,117,490 75.39%

Mississippi $31,353,423 $25,332,885 80.80% $30,461,120 $1,076,240 3.53% $61,814,543 $26,409,125 42.72%

Missouri $67,550,224 $66,169,529 97.96% $68,641,868 $31,675,573 46.15% $136,192,092 $97,845,102 71.84%

Montana $12,816,385 $11,796,199 92.04% $12,063,324 $2,750,853 22.80% $24,879,709 $14,547,052 58.47%

Nebraska $17,272,129 $16,316,915 94.47% $18,618,767 $15,741,969 84.55% $35,890,896 $32,058,885 89.32%

Nevada $19,375,550 $18,468,879 95.32% $18,180,919 $12,356,060 67.96% $37,556,469 $30,824,940 82.08%

New Hampshire $7,069,209 $7,006,289 99.11% $6,698,664 $5,243,828 78.28% $13,767,873 $12,250,117 88.98%

New Jersey $68,749,847 $60,499,868 88.00% $70,947,730 $48,397,509 68.22% $139,697,577 $108,897,378 77.95%

New Mexico $17,282,330 $12,691,143 73.43% $17,425,938 $6,777,852 38.90% $34,708,268 $19,468,995 56.09%

New York $250,113,323 $164,739,893 65.87% $252,458,198 $49,686,163 19.68% $502,571,521 $214,426,055 42.67%

North Carolina $84,824,393 $83,162,676 98.04% $82,951,720 $62,320,178 75.13% $167,776,113 $145,482,855 86.71%

North Dakota $3,998,745 $3,935,908 98.43% $4,151,371 $2,432,441 58.59% $8,150,116 $6,368,349 78.14%

Ohio $154,896,274 $144,726,886 93.43% $155,190,488 $106,441,376 68.59% $310,086,762 $251,168,262 81.00%

CRS-29

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of

Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Oklahoma $30,986,191 $30,986,191 100.00% $31,482,084 $16,491,089 52.38% $62,468,275 $47,477,280 76.00%

Oregon $27,595,419 $27,512,538 99.70% $28,355,768 $22,750,241 80.23% $55,951,187 $50,262,779 89.83%

Pennsylvania $150,022,294 $129,008,144 85.99% $152,741,404 $87,107,443 57.03% $302,763,698 $216,115,587 71.38%

Puerto Rico $104,161,180 $101,980,639 97.91% $104,193,482 $29,746,857 28.55% $208,354,662 $131,727,496 63.22%

Rhode Island $7,148,776 $6,171,606 86.33% $6,209,666 $1,694,015 27.28% $13,358,442 $7,865,621 58.88%

South Carolina $39,981,327 $39,803,272 99.55% $40,560,267 $37,273,742 91.90% $80,541,594 $77,077,013 95.70%

South Dakota $7,773,070 $7,773,070 100.00% $7,609,142 $1,077,317 14.16% $15,382,212 $8,850,387 57.54%

Tennessee $72,838,359 $72,838,359 100.00% $73,683,257 $64,112,895 87.01% $146,521,616 $136,951,254 93.47%

Texas $153,168,245 $137,972,662 90.08% $152,146,013 $112,404,853 73.88% $305,314,258 $250,377,515 82.01%

Utah $23,978,187 $21,341,909 89.01% $26,428,418 $14,754,388 55.83% $50,406,605 $36,096,297 71.61%

Vermont $4,284,369 $3,472,907 81.06% $3,877,205 $1,775,234 45.79% $8,161,574 $5,248,141 64.30%

Virginia $46,618,019 $46,618,019 100.00% $46,344,360 $45,007,965 97.12% $92,962,379 $91,625,984 98.56%

Washington $46,263,028 $45,663,494 98.70% $45,744,877 $45,294,029 99.01% $92,007,905 $90,957,523 98.86%

West Virginia $9,052,260 $9,052,260 100.00% $9,763,599 $6,687,578 68.50% $18,815,859 $15,739,838 83.65%

Wisconsin $77,492,001 $75,723,508 97.72% $73,875,583 $65,003,427 87.99% $151,367,584 $140,726,935 92.97%

Wyoming $4,602,637 $4,602,637 100.00% $4,683,336 $1,182,691 25.25% $9,285,973 $5,785,328 62.30%

National Total $2,750,000,000 $2,494,019,807 90.69% $2,750,000,000 $1,738,869,662 63.23% $5,500,000,000 $4,232,889,470 76.96%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the state by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the state. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. EANS I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response

CRS-30

and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). EANS II funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). Funds provided under the EANS program that may have reverted to the governor to use in accordance with the Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund provisions are accounted for in the outlaid funds shown in this table.

Table A-4. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under Funding for Homeless Children and Y outh Program (ARP-HCY),

by State

A B C D

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of Funds Outlaid

(Col. C / Col. B)

Alabama $13,239,031 $12,144,105 91.73%

Alaska $2,350,009 $1,914,102 81.45%

Arizona $16,922,395 $11,320,317 66.90%

Arkansas $8,213,312 $6,012,694 73.21%

California $98,757,695 $73,299,364 74.22%

Colorado $7,643,776 $5,803,715 75.93%

Connecticut $7,247,850 $5,641,790 77.84%

Delaware $2,691,098 $1,582,809 58.82%

District of Columbia $2,531,300 $1,495,661 59.09%

Florida $46,127,238 $31,453,443 68.19%

Georgia $27,849,370 $18,158,867 65.20%

Hawaii $2,701,880 $1,235,000 45.71%

Idaho $2,882,705 $1,873,578 64.99%

Illinois $33,129,062 $25,363,525 76.56%

Indiana $13,072,898 $8,254,231 63.14%

Iowa $5,075,905 $3,652,191 71.95%

Kansas $5,443,402 $4,294,839 78.90%

Kentucky $13,281,817 $7,671,357 57.76%

CRS-31

A B C D

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of Funds Outlaid

(Col. C / Col. B)

Louisiana $17,075,605 $12,966,276 75.93%

Maine $2,694,822 $1,944,568 72.16%

Maryland $12,787,274 $7,867,825 61.53%

Massachusetts $11,994,087 $9,232,031 76.97%

Michigan $24,378,753 $12,568,828 51.56%

Minnesota $8,655,053 $5,439,476 62.85%

Mississippi $10,664,254 $2,778,598 26.06%

Missouri $12,822,529 $6,791,265 52.96%

Montana $2,502,430 $1,321,133 52.79%

Nebraska $3,577,701 $1,217,767 34.04%

Nevada $7,025,680 $3,926,066 55.88%

New Hampshire $2,296,237 $1,786,293 77.79%

New Jersey $18,118,225 $13,070,580 72.14%

New Mexico $6,416,504 $4,488,087 69.95%

New York $58,910,436 $35,492,100 60.25%

North Carolina $23,588,229 $14,995,815 63.57%

North Dakota $1,999,979 $1,648,425 82.42%

Ohio $29,308,662 $23,186,076 79.11%

Oklahoma $9,788,535 $5,056,650 51.66%

Oregon $7,346,860 $4,894,002 66.61%

Pennsylvania $32,748,656 $16,686,902 50.95%

Puerto Rico $19,438,068 $2,859,951 14.71%

Rhode Island $2,719,153 $2,019,815 74.28%

CRS-32

A B C D

State Grant Award Outlays

Percent of Funds Outlaid

(Col. C / Col. B)

South Carolina $13,841,864 $9,201,684 66.48%

South Dakota $2,502,430 $1,744,882 69.73%

Tennessee $16,303,363 $12,516,921 76.78%

Texas $81,388,454 $47,288,266 58.10%

Utah $4,033,829 $2,954,158 73.23%

Vermont $1,868,242 $1,327,573 71.06%

Virginia $13,825,002 $9,283,529 67.15%

Washington $12,140,633 $10,081,533 83.04%

West Virginia $4,990,123 $3,116,030 62.44%

Wisconsin $10,097,813 $4,892,658 48.45%

Wyoming $1,989,772 $1,467,550 73.75%

National Total $799,000,000 $517,284,901 64.74%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the state by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the state. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. Homeless Children and Youth funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2).

CRS-33

Table A-5. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Educational Stabilization Fund (ESF I-SEA and ESF II-SEA) and

the American Rescue Plan Act (ARP-OA SEA) for State Educational Agencies (SEAs), by Outlying Area

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

ESF I-SEA ESF II-SEA ARP-OA SEA Total

Outlying Area

Grant

Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B)

Grant

Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant

Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col.

E + Col. H)

Outlays

(Col. C +

Col. F +

Col. I)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. L /

Col. K)

American Samoa $38,321,932 $38,321,932 100.00% $102,042,272 $102,042,272 100.00% $264,826,365 $183,384,127 69.25% $405,190,569 $323,748,331 79.90%

Guam $41,521,997 $41,521,997 100.00% $110,563,287 $103,118,030 93.27% $286,940,627 $56,516,720 19.70% $439,025,911 $201,156,748 45.82%

Northern Mariana Islands

$23,163,734 $23,163,734 100.00% $61,679,560 $61,364,221 99.49% $160,074,578 $140,109,948 87.53% $244,917,872 $224,637,903 91.72%

U.S. Virgin Islands $19,992,337 $19,244,864 96.26% $53,234,881 $47,304,366 88.86% $138,158,430 $48,244,453 34.92% $211,385,648 $114,793,683 54.31%

Total $123,000,000 $122,252,527 99.39% $327,520,000 $313,828,889 95.82% $850,000,000 $428,255,248 50.38% $1,300,520,000 $864,336,665 66.46%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the outlying area by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the outlying area. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. ESF I-SEA funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). ESF II-SEA funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). ARP-OA SEA funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2).

CRS-34

Table A-6. Grant Awards and Cumulative Outlays Under the Educational Stabilization Fund for Governors

(ESF 1-Governor and ESF II-Governor), by Outlying Area

A B C D E F G H I J

ESF I-Governor ESF II-Governor Total

Outlying Area

Grant

Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. C /

Col. B)

Grant

Award Outlays

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B +

Col. E)

Outlays

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent

of Funds

Outlaid (Col. I / Col. H)

American Samoa $7,272,191 $7,272,191 100.00% $19,364,130 $19,362,237 99.99% $26,636,321 $26,634,428 99.99%

Guam $12,499,963 $12,299,068 98.39% $33,284,456 $24,398,442 73.30% $45,784,419 $36,697,510 80.15%

Northern Mariana Islands

$4,777,211 $4,777,211 100.00% $12,720,586 $12,715,039 99.96% $17,497,797 $17,492,250 99.97%

U.S. Virgin Islands $6,200,635 $5,733,721 92.47% $16,510,828 $8,631,606 52.28% $22,711,463 $14,365,327 63.25%

Total $30,750,000 $30,082,191 97.83% $81,880,000 $65,107,325 79.52% $112,630,000 $95,189,515 84.52%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on data available from USAspending.gov as of October 16, 2024. Notes: Grant award indicates the grant amount provided to the outlying area by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). Outlays indicate the amount of the grant award that has been expended by the outlying area. The table does not reflect obligations that may not have been outlaid yet. ESF I-Governor funds were provided by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). ESF II-Governor funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]).

CRS-35

Appendix B. Liquidation Extension Requests by States and Outlying Areas

Table B-1. Amount Approved for Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESSER Fund, GEER Fund, EANS, and ARP-HCY ,

by State as of October 1, 2024

A B C D E F G H I J

ESSER GEER EANSa

State ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III GEER I GEER II EANS I EANS II ARP-HCY

Approved

State Totalb

Arkansas — $2,769,886 — — — — — — $2,769,886

California — $14,931,881 — — — $25,756,863 $99,720,925 — $140,409,669

Colorado — $1,761,092 — — — $313,779 $10,432,371 — $12,507,241

Connecticut $978,103 $2,006,837 — — $2,267,973 — — — $5,252,912

Delaware — $5,455,720 $42,604,242 — — — — Under Review $48,059,962

District of Columbia $314,552 $1,043,725 — — — $766,910 — — $2,125,187

Florida — $4,588,781 — — $6,326,481 Pend. Apprvl. — — $10,915,263

Illinois $71,212 $25,529,797 — $3,589,985 — — — — $29,190,995

Indiana $456,048 $6,938,937 — $536,100 — — — — $7,931,084

Iowa — — Pend. Apprvl. $11,964 $138,163 — — — $150,127

Kansas — — $24,223,421 — — — Pend. Apprvl. — $24,223,421

Kentucky — $5,794,342 $131,907,456 — — — — — $137,701,798

Massachusetts — $1,893,321 — — $1,002,025 $1,295,533 — — $4,190,879

Michigan — $3,628,023 — — $642,288 — — — $4,270,311

Mississippi $2,281,898 $40,521,373 — — — — — — $42,803,271

Missouri — $15,640,405 — $1,148,513 $1,512,720 — $39,752,996 — $58,054,634

Nebraska — — $21,076,504 — — — — Under Review $21,076,504

CRS-36

A B C D E F G H I J

ESSER GEER EANSa

State ESSER I ESSER II ESSER III GEER I GEER II EANS I EANS II ARP-HCY

Approved

State Totalb

Nevada $818,399 $3,213,617 — $837,277 $1,548,272 $906,671 — — $7,324,236

New Jersey — $15,711,297 — — — — — — $15,711,297

New Mexico — $1,332,894 — — $1,404,325 $5,054,872 — — $7,792,091

New York — $66,677,271 — — $554,585 $128,325,418 $203,217,132 — $398,774,406

North Carolina $989,051 $3,842,992 — $1,292,551 — — — — $6,124,593

North Dakota — — — — — — Under Review — $0

Ohio $95,702 $1,256,677 — — — $9,358,268 — — $10,710,647

Pennsylvania $757,409 $23,762,381 — $1,868,889 $234,971 $10,241,940 — — $36,865,590

Puerto Rico $6,596,145 $95,729,522 $865,191,671 — $6,949,366 $1,781,254 Under Review — $976,247,958

Rhode Island — $2,701,838 — $1,077,523 $528,885 $977,170 — — $5,285,416

South Carolina — $1,000,230 — — — — — — $1,000,230

Texas $51,421 $22,169,873 — — $3,000,000 $31,749,370 $45,284,251 — $102,254,914

Utah — — — — — — $11,534,023 — $11,534,023

Vermont — $375,221 — — $275,472 $418,874 — — $1,069,566

Wisconsin $2,305,265 — — $880,568 — — — — $3,185,833

Program Total $15,715,205 $370,277,932 $1,085,003,294 $11,243,370 $26,385,527 $216,946,919 $409,941,697 $0 $2,135,513,945

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on October 1, 2024. Notes: The amounts listed on the table are inclusive of any amended requests a state may have submitted after its initial request approval. ED is no longer accepting applications submitted using the ED-developed liquidation extension template for programs authorized by the CARES Act, as the liquidation extension available through this application process ended no later than March 28, 2024. —indicates that a request was not submitted as of October 3, 2024. A request that is “Under Review” indicates that the state has recently submitted a request that is under review or that ED is awaiting revised information from the state. A request that is “Pend. Apprvl.” indicates that the state has submitted a request that is undergoing final review and has been recommended for approval.

CRS-37

ESSER Fund: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund GEER Fund: Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund EANS Program: Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools program ARP-HCY: American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth program a. Data on state liquidation extension requests for EANS funds do not differentiate between funds to provide assistance to non-public schools and funds that reverted to the governor.

b. Totals do not include the amounts for liquidation extension requests pending approval or under review.

Table B-2. Amount Approved for Liquidation Extension Requests for the ESF-SEA, ESF-Governor, and ARP-OA SEA, by

Outlying Area as of October 1, 2024

A B C D E F G

ESF-SEA ESF-Governor

Outlying Area ESF I-SEA ESF II-SEA

ESF I-

Governor

ESF II-

Governor ARP-OA SEA OA Total

American Samoa — — — $543,334 — $543,334

Guam — $6,086,598 — — — $6,086,598

Northern Mariana Islands — $2,181,542 — $900,558 — $3,082,100

Virgin Islands $521,939 $9,548,124 $2,725,875 $9,675,849 — $22,471,788

Program Total $521,939 $17,816,265 $2,725,875 $11,119,741 $0 $32,183,820

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on October 3, 2024. Notes: The amounts listed on the table are inclusive of any amended requests an outlying area may have submitted after its initial request approval. ED is no longer accepting applications submitted using the ED-developed liquidation extension template for programs authorized by the CARES Act, as the liquidation extension available through this application process ended no later than March 28, 2024. —indicates a request was not submitted as of October 1, 2024. ESF: Education Stabilization Fund SEA: State educational agency ARP: American Rescue Plan OA: Outlying area

CRS-38

Appendix C. EANS Funds Reverting to Governors by State

Table C-1. Emergency Assistance to Non-Public Schools (EANS) Program Funds That Reverted to Governors, by State

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total EANS Program Funds

State Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col. E)

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. I /

Col. H)

Alabama $45,502,043 $13,478,244 29.60% $44,895,780 $37,965,560 84.60% $90,397,823 $51,443,804 56.91%

Alaska $5,367,703 $4,543,389 84.60% $5,882,303 $5,477,991 93.10% $11,250,006 $10,021,380 89.08%

Arizona $54,413,531 $13,893,058 25.50% $54,444,547 $8,435,166 15.50% $108,858,078 $22,328,224 20.51%

Arkansas $22,872,412 $4,345,121 19.00% $22,903,129 $19,228,185 84.00% $45,775,541 $23,573,307 51.50%

California $187,475,843 $0 0.00% $181,312,003 $0 0.00% $368,787,846 $0 0.00%

Colorado $28,433,931 $16,085,650 56.60% $28,709,729 $16,606,229 57.80% $57,143,660 $32,691,879 57.21%

Connecticut $15,831,765 $337,763 2.10% $15,956,897 $11,764,711 73.70% $31,788,662 $12,102,474 38.07%

Delaware $4,965,788 $0 0.00% $3,889,481 $0 0.00% $8,855,269 $0 0.00%

District of Columbia $5,312,618 $3,004,840 56.60% $4,533,977 $500,000 11.00% $9,846,595 $3,504,840 35.59%

Florida $212,978,041 $0 0.00% $221,188,900 $0 0.00% $434,166,941 $0 0.00%

Georgia $79,175,146 $59,682,844 75.40% $75,408,050 $0 0.00% $154,583,196 $59,682,844 38.61%

Hawaii $9,815,286 $3,119,501 31.80% $10,365,129 $8,309,445 80.20% $20,180,415 $11,428,946 56.63%

Idaho $19,581,608 $13,400,000 68.40% $21,961,960 $19,800,000 90.20% $41,543,568 $33,200,000 79.92%

Illinois $84,489,804 $23,297,349 27.60% $83,246,346 $31,182,351 37.50% $167,736,150 $54,479,700 32.48%

Indiana $81,656,000 $0 0.00% $78,874,005 $0 0.00% $160,530,005 $0 0.00%

CRS-39

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total EANS Program Funds

State Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col. E)

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. I /

Col. H)

Iowa $26,271,345 $2,206,481 8.40% $23,744,042 $0 0.00% $50,015,387 $2,206,481 4.41%

Kansas $26,667,139 $0 0.00% $25,069,862 $10,900,000 43.50% $51,737,001 $10,900,000 21.07%

Kentucky $40,817,799 $24,411,386 59.80% $42,665,620 $11,445,929 26.80% $83,483,419 $35,857,315 42.95%

Louisiana $55,566,230 $8,000,000 14.40% $55,674,204 $21,480,877 38.60% $111,240,434 $29,480,877 26.50%

Maine $12,751,099 $1,583,119 12.40% $12,327,260 $10,925,262 88.60% $25,078,359 $12,508,380 49.88%

Maryland $35,878,533 $1,651,769 4.60% $39,248,769 $25,420,084 64.80% $75,127,302 $27,071,853 36.03%

Massachusetts $24,225,048 $0 0.00% $24,826,386 $0 0.00% $49,051,434 $0 0.00%

Michigan $86,776,841 $0 0.00% $86,894,397 $13,233,500 15.20% $173,671,238 $13,233,500 7.62%

Minnesota $41,907,253 $600,000 1.40% $40,488,656 $20,286,223 50.10% $82,395,909 $20,886,223 25.35%

Mississippi $31,353,423 $18,266,522 58.30% $30,461,120 $15,000,000 49.20% $61,814,543 $33,266,522 53.82%

Missouri $67,550,224 $0 0.00% $68,641,868 $24,000,000 35.00% $136,192,092 $24,000,000 17.62%

Montana $12,816,385 $6,642,617 51.80% $12,063,324 $6,281,453 52.10% $24,879,709 $12,924,070 51.95%

Nebraska $17,272,129 $204,156 1.20% $18,618,767 $0 0.00% $35,890,896 $204,156 0.57%

Nevada $19,375,550 $493 0.00% $18,180,919 $0 0.00% $37,556,469 $493 0.00%

New Hampshire $7,069,209 $2,057,573 29.10% $6,698,664 $4,869,133 72.70% $13,767,873 $6,926,706 50.31%

New Jersey $68,749,847 $1,091,757 1.60% $70,947,730 $21,658,083 30.50% $139,697,577 $22,749,840 16.29%

New Mexico $17,282,330 $9,850,385 57.00% $17,425,938 $13,100,000 75.20% $34,708,268 $22,950,385 66.12%

New York $250,113,323 $0 0.00% $252,458,198 $0 0.00% $502,571,521 $0 0.00%

CRS-40

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total EANS Program Funds

State Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col. E)

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. I /

Col. H)

North Carolina $84,824,393 $35,700,000 42.10% $82,951,720 $38,000,000 45.80% $167,776,113 $73,700,000 43.93%

North Dakota $3,998,745 $0 0.00% $4,151,371 $3,659,555 88.20% $8,150,116 $3,659,555 44.90%

Ohio $154,896,274 $9,877,474 6.40% $155,190,488 $51,260,738 33.00% $310,086,762 $61,138,212 19.72%

Oklahoma $30,986,191 $0 0.00% $31,482,084 $13,348,455 42.40% $62,468,275 $13,348,455 21.37%

Oregon $27,595,419 $3,984,920 14.40% $28,355,768 $20,155,768 71.10% $55,951,187 $24,140,688 43.15%

Pennsylvania $150,022,294 $0 0.00% $152,741,404 $3,000,000 2.00% $302,763,698 $3,000,000 0.99%

Puerto Rico $104,161,180 $47,000,000 45.10% $104,193,482 $84,088,682 80.70% $208,354,662 $131,088,682 62.92%

Rhode Island $7,148,776 $824,527 11.50% $6,209,666 $3,946,739 63.60% $13,358,442 $4,771,266 35.72%

South Carolina $39,981,327 $0 0.00% $40,560,267 $25,332,079 62.50% $80,541,594 $25,332,079 31.45%

South Dakota $7,773,070 $941,004 12.10% $7,609,142 $6,156,849 80.90% $15,382,212 $7,097,853 46.14%

Tennessee $72,838,359 $42,676,357 58.60% $73,683,257 $63,500,177 86.20% $146,521,616 $106,176,534 72.46%

Texas $153,168,245 $0 0.00% $152,146,013 $115,271,935 75.80% $305,314,258 $115,271,935 37.76%

Utah $23,978,187 $10,047,468 41.90% $26,428,418 $0 0.00% $50,406,605 $10,047,468 19.93%

Vermont $4,284,369 $1,498,846 35.00% $3,877,205 $1,907,146 49.20% $8,161,574 $3,405,992 41.73%

Virginia $46,618,019 $28,361,509 60.80% $46,344,360 $39,852,497 86.00% $92,962,379 $68,214,007 73.38%

Washington $46,263,028 $0 0.00% $45,744,877 $41,979,185 91.80% $92,007,905 $41,979,185 45.63%

West Virginia $9,052,260 $5,268,429 58.20% $9,763,599 $1,936,226 19.80% $18,815,859 $7,204,655 38.29%

Wisconsin $77,492,001 $0 0.00% $73,875,583 $0 0.00% $151,367,584 $0 0.00%

CRS-41

A B C D E F G H I J

EANS I EANS II Total EANS Program Funds

State Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. C /

Col. B) Grant Award

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. F /

Col. E)

Grant Award

(Col. B + Col. E)

Funds that

Reverted to

Governor

(Col. C +

Col. F)

Percent of Funds that

Reverted

to

Governor

(Col. I /

Col. H)

Wyoming $4,602,637 $3,964,510 86.10% $4,683,336 $4,683,336 100.00% $9,285,973 $8,647,846 93.13%

National Total $2,750,000,000 $421,899,062 15.34% $2,750,000,000 $875,949,550 31.85% $5,500,000,000 $1,297,848,612 23.60%

Source: Table prepared by CRS based on unpublished data provided by the U.S. Department of Education (ED) on October 21, 2024; the grant allocation table for EANS I, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/01/FINAL_GEERII_EANS-Methodology_Table_1.8.21.pdf; and the grant allocation table for EANS II, https://oese.ed.gov/files/2021/ 04/Final_ARP-EANS-Methodology-and-Table-3.16.21.pdf. Notes: EANS I funds were provided by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA; Division M of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [P.L. 116-260]). EANS II funds were provided by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2). Funds provided under the EANS program that reverted to the governor must be used in accordance with the Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund provisions. Data on funds that reverted to governors were self-reported by states and are subject to change. New York had not yet reported data on EANS II funds that had reverted to the governor as of the date ED provided data to CRS.

Education Stabilization Fund: Expenditures for Elementary and Secondary Education

Congressional Research Service R48186 · VERSION 3 · UPDATED 42

Author Information

Rebecca R. Skinner Specialist in Education Policy

Kyle D. Shohfi

Analyst in Education Policy

Isobel Sorenson Research Assistant

Disclaimer

This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.