Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
January 23, 2023
Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and
Emily M. McCabe
Appropriations
Analyst in Foreign
Assistance and Foreign
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and
Policy
activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

(SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural
Cory R. Gill
exchanges, development, security, humanitarian assistance, and participation in multilateral
Analyst in Foreign Affairs
organizations, among other international activities. On March 28, 2022, the Biden Administration

released its proposed FY2023 base budget request, which called for $66.00 billion in new budget
authority for SFOPS accounts ($65.94 billion after rescissions of prior year funding).

The base FY2023 request, including rescissions, represented a 17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations
(excluding emergency funding to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine). The total FY2023 request (including the
supplemental funding proposed for Ukraine and other purposes) represented a 6.0% increase from total FY2022 enacted
appropriations, including rescissions. Consistent with previous budget requests and annual SFOPS appropriations measures,
the budget request divided SFOPS into two main components:
 Department of State and Related Agency. These accounts, which are under Title I of the SFOPS bill,
primarily support Department of State diplomatic and security activities. The FY2023 base proposal
included $18.58 billion for Title I accounts, which represented a 7.9% increase from FY2022 enacted base
appropriations and a 3.30% increase from total FY2022 enacted levels.
 Foreign Operations and Related Programs. These accounts, under Titles II-VI of the SFOPS bill, fund
most foreign assistance activities and would have seen a total of $47.42 billion for FY2023 in the base
request, a 15.8% increase when compared to FY2022 enacted base levels and a 31.6% decrease when
compared to total FY2022 enacted levels.
On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would have provided a
total of $65.18 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill
provided $18.01 billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign Operations and
Related Programs accounts. On July 28, 2022, a FY2023 SFOPS bill, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate; it was not
considered at any level. A continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding
federal agencies in FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022. This legislation also included $4.5 billion in
FY2023 SFOPS funds as part of the broader Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of the legislation).
Congress enacted two additional continuing resolutions—P.L. 117-229 and P.L. 117-264—to fund the government through
December 23 and December 30, respectively.
In September 2022, the Administration proposed $9.10 billion in FY2023 emergency supplemental SFOPS monies to provide
economic support to Ukraine and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and mpox (then referred to as monkeypox) virus
abroad. The Administration proposed an additional $15.50 billion for emergency supplemental SFOPS funding in November
2022, the majority of which would be to respond to the war in Ukraine. With these supplemental requests, the
Administration’s request for FY2023 SFOPS funding totaled $90.54 billion after rescissions.
On December 29, 2022, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328). The act
included a total of $76.42 billion in SFOPS funding, net of rescissions. This total included $59.85 billion in base SFOPS
funding—$17.39 billion in State Operations accounts and $43.13 billion in Foreign Operations and Related Programs
accounts—and $16.57 billion in emergency supplemental funding largely for Ukraine and other countries and populations
affected by the war in Ukraine. The enacted base funding represented a 6.4% increase from the FY2022 base level and a
9.2% decrease from the Administration’s base request for FY2023. When including the $4.5 billion in supplemental funding
from the first CR (P.L. 117-180), total enacted SFOPS funding for FY2023 was $80.92 billion after rescission, representing a
5.3% decrease from total enacted funding in FY2022 and a 10.6% decrease from the Administration’s total request for
FY2023.
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Appendix A provides an account-by-account comparison of the FY2023 request to FY2022 enacted and FY2021 actual
funding levels. Appendix B offers a similar comparison focused specifically on the International Affairs budget. Both
appendices will be updated to reflect congressional action. Appendix D depicts the SFOPS account structure.
This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes. It does
not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues. For in-depth analysis and contextual information on
international affairs issues, please consult the wide range of CRS reports on specific subjects, such as global health,
diplomatic security, and U.S. participation in the United Nations. For more information on SFOPS accounts, see CRS Report
R40482, Department of State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts, by Nick M. Brown and
Cory R. Gill.

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Contents
Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Emergency Funds ...................................................................................................................... 2
Congressional Action ...................................................................................................................... 3
State Department Operations and Related Agency Funding Highlights ......................................... 4
Diplomatic Programs ................................................................................................................ 6
Diplomatic Security .................................................................................................................. 8
Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and Peacekeeping Missions ............. 10
Foreign Operations Highlights ...................................................................................................... 13
Foreign Operations Sectors ..................................................................................................... 15
Global Health Programs (GHP) ........................................................................................ 15
Global Humanitarian Assistance ....................................................................................... 18
Security Assistance ........................................................................................................... 20
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance .............................. 21
Regional Assistance ................................................................................................................ 23
General Provisions ........................................................................................................................ 24
Outlook .......................................................................................................................................... 26

Figures
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2023 Estimate .................... 1
Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2012-FY2023 .................................................................................. 3
Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023 ............................................... 19
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023 ........................................................ 20
Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2021 Actual vs. FY2023 Request ........................................... 24

Figure D-1. International Affairs Components .............................................................................. 37

Tables
Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2014-FY2023 ....................................... 2
Table 2. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts, FY2021-FY2023 ................. 5
Table 3. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2021-FY2023 ........................................ 9
Table 4. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and Peacekeeping
Missions, FY2021-FY2023 ......................................................................................................... 11
Table 5. Foreign Assistance by Type, FY2021-FY2023 ................................................................ 14
Table 6. Global Health Appropriations by Subaccount, FY2021-FY2023 .................................... 16
Table 7. Select Development Sectors, FY2021-FY2023 ............................................................... 21

Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations: FY2021-FY2023 .............................................................................................. 27
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Table B-1. Emergency Supplemental Funds, FY2021-FY2023 Enacted ...................................... 33
Table C-1. International Affairs Budget: FY2021-FY2023 ........................................................... 36

Appendixes
Appendix A. SFOPS Funding by Account .................................................................................... 27
Appendix B. Emergency Supplemental Funds .............................................................................. 33
Appendix C. International Affairs Budget ..................................................................................... 35
Appendix D. International Affairs Components ............................................................................ 37

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 37

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Overview
Annual Department of State, Foreign
A Note on Numbers
Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS)
The Biden Administration prepared its FY2023 budget
appropriations support a range of U.S.
request prior to passage of FY2022 ful year
activities around the world, including the
appropriations; it is unclear how it prepared FY2022
operation of U.S. embassies; diplomatic
“estimates” presented in the budget request. As such,
and to remain consistent with prior year analyses, CRS
activities; development, security, and
is comparing the FY2023 SFOPS request and
humanitarian assistance; U.S. participation in
subsequent appropriations bil s to FY2022 enacted
multilateral organizations; and certain U.S.
funding levels and/or FY2021 actual funding.
export promotion activities. The SFOPS
Unless otherwise indicated, CRS is using the FY2023
appropriation closely aligns with the
SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2021
International Affairs budget function (150),
“actuals,” and P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L. 117-103,
and P.L. 117-128 for FY2022 enacted levels.
which typically represents about 1% of the
annual federal budget (Figure 1).1
Figure 1. International Affairs as a Portion of the Federal Budget, FY2023 Estimate

Source: Prepared by CRS using Office of Management and Budget FY2023 Budget Historical Table 5.1.
The Biden Administration’s budget request for FY2023, released on March 28, 2022, proposed
$66.00 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts, or $65.94 billion when including
proposed rescissions of prior year funding.2 The request, including rescissions, represented a
17.2% increase from FY2022 enacted base appropriations. In September and November 2022, the
Administration proposed $9.10 billion and $15.50 billion, respectively, in emergency
supplemental funding for SFOPS accounts to respond to the war in Ukraine and combat COVID-
19 and mpox globally.3 The Administration’s total request for FY2023 (including the

1 The SFOPS budget aligns closely but not exactly with the International Affairs budget (Function 150). The primary
differences are that international food aid programs are part of Function 150 but funded through the Agriculture
appropriation, and that SFOPS includes funding for international commissions that are part of the Function 300 budget.
2 Rescissions of prior year funding do not affect new budget authority but are considered when calculating budget totals
for purposes such as compliance with Appropriations Committees’ 302(b) allocations or statutory spending caps.
3 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022;
Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf. Between the time
of the initial FY2023 budget request and these FY2023 supplemental requests, in April 2022, the Biden Administration
also requested additional FY2022 emergency funds to address the war in Ukraine. The World Health Organization and
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced changing monkeypox to mpox in November 2022.
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supplemental requests) represented a 6.0% increase from total FY2022 enacted appropriations
(including emergency supplemental funds to address crises in Afghanistan and Ukraine).
Including proposed supplemental funding, the request was higher than every other SFOPS request
from the past decade in current U.S. dollars (Table 1).
Table 1. SFOPS Request vs. Actual/Enacted Funding, FY2014-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2023
Request
51.96
55.01
54.83
60.21
40.21
41.66
43.10
44.12
71.37
90.54
Actual/Enacted
50.89
54.39
54.52
59.78
54.18
54.38
57.37
71.38
85.45
80.92
Difference
-2.1%
-1.1%
-0.6%
-0.7%
+34.7%
+30.5%
+33.1%
+61.8%
+19.7%
-10.6%
Sources: Annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications (CBJs) prepared by the Department of State and
U.S. Agency for International Development; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Includes supplemental and emergency funds and rescissions. FY2022 and FY2023 figures are enacted
appropriations, while FY2014-FY2021 figures are “actual” spending as reported in CBJs.
Emergency Funds
Congress periodically has appropriated funding designated as “emergency” to address a range of
activities outside of pre-established budget caps. From FY2012-FY2021, SFOPS appropriations
included funding designated as “Overseas Contingency Operations” (OCO), a type of emergency
funding initially used by Congress in the “frontline” states of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq.4
OCO funding was also one of the mechanisms by which Congress sought to fund various
activities while still adhering to discretionary spending caps established by the Budget Control
Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25). Congress and successive Administrations expanded OCO’s use
considerably in funding level and scope, with OCO funds supporting a broader range of
programs, including many that were considered to be base budget programs, in the later years.
The BCA discretionary caps expired in FY2021; the Administration did not request and Congress
did not enact any OCO-designated funding in FY2022.
Congress has also enacted emergency funds outside of OCO to address unanticipated situations
both during the regular budget cycle in annual appropriations bills and in off-cycle supplemental
measures. From FY2021 to FY2023, Congress enacted emergency SFOPS funding as part of
annual omnibus appropriations, three off-budget supplemental funding measures, and three
Continuing Resolutions (Table B-1). Such funding was enacted primarily to address needs related
to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abroad; humanitarian assistance for
Afghanistan and Afghan refugees; and security, humanitarian, and economic assistance for
Ukraine and countries and populations affected by the war in Ukraine.
Emergency and OCO-designated funding for SFOPS accounts has fluctuated from year to year, at
times accounting for a significant portion of total annual SFOPS appropriations (Figure 2). In
FY2017, OCO-designated SFOPS funding peaked at $20.80 billion, or 36.1% of SFOPS funds
that year. For FY2022 and FY2023, appropriated emergency supplemental funding totaled $29.19
billion and $21.07 billion, representing 34.2% and $26.0% of total appropriated SFOPS funding,
respectively.

4 For more on OCO, see CRS In Focus IF10143, Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding:
Background and Current Status, by Emily M. Morgenstern.
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Figure 2. SFOPS Funding, FY2012-FY2023

Sources: CRS using data from annual SFOPS Congressional Budget Justifications and supplemental requests, P.L.
117-43, P.L. 117-70, P.L. 117-103, P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Congress has provided FY2023 emergency SFOPS funding through two legislative vehicles to
date. The Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (FY2023 USAA; see Division B of the
law), was attached to a continuing resolution ( P.L. 117-180) enacted on September 30, 2022, to
continue funding federal agencies temporarily in FY2023 (more info below). The measure
provided a total of $12.3 billion for Ukraine, including $4.5 billion in SFOPS funding for direct
financial support for the government of Ukraine.5 The Additional Ukraine Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2023 (FY2023 AUSAA; see Division M of the law), was attached to the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, that Congress enacted in December. The measure
provided a total of $47.3 billion for Ukraine, including $16.57 billion in SFOPS emergency
funding.
Congressional Action
House Legislation. On June 29, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee approved its
FY2023 SFOPS bill, which would have provided a total of $65.18 billion in new budget authority
for SFOPS accounts ($64.73 billion after rescissions). Of that total, the bill provided $18.01
billion for Department of State and Related Agency accounts and $47.16 billion for Foreign
Operations and Related Programs accounts. No further action was taken on the bill.
Senate Legislation. FY2023 SFOPS legislation, S. 4662, was introduced in the Senate on July
28, 2022. The proposal was not considered or approved by Congress at any level, and is not
included in the tables and figures in this report, with the exception of Table A-1 in Appendix A.
Continuing Resolutions. No regular appropriations acts for FY2023, including for SFOPS, were
enacted before FY2023 began on October 1, 2022. To prevent a lapse in appropriations, a
continuing resolution, P.L. 117-180, was enacted on September 30, 2022, to continue funding

5 For more on SFOPS funding for Ukraine, see CRS Report R47275, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and
Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief, by Emily M. McCabe.
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federal agencies in FY2023, largely at FY2022 levels, until December 16, 2022.6 This legislation
also included $4.5 billion in FY2023 SFOPS emergency funds as part of the broader Ukraine
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division B of the legislation). Congress enacted two
additional CRs to prevent a lapse in appropriations: P.L. 117-229, which was in effect through
December 23, 2022, and P.L. 117-264, which ran through December 30, 2022. Neither bill
included supplemental SFOPS funds.
Consolidated Appropriation. The Senate and House, on December 22 and 23, respectively,
passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, which was signed by President Biden on
December 29 and became P.L. 117-328. The act included $76.42 billion in SFOPS funds, net of
rescissions, including $59.85 billion in base funding and an additional $16.57 billion in
emergency supplemental SFOPS monies for Ukraine and countries and populations affected by
the war in Ukraine. The base amount appropriated represented a 6.4% increase from FY2022 base
enacted appropriations and a 9.2% decrease from the President’s base request.
State Department Operations and Related Agency
Funding Highlights
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 base request (excluding supplemental funding) sought
$18.58 billion in funding for the Department of State and Related Agency appropriations
accounts. As part of its September 2022 request for emergency SFOPS supplemental funding, the
Administration called for an additional $50 million for these accounts to bolster the State
Department’s efforts to combat COVID-19 and $5 million to support its response to the mpox
virus.7 When combining base and supplemental funding, the Administration’s $18.63 billion
request exceeded the FY2022 enacted funding total of $18.04 billion (also including all base and
emergency funding) by 3.3%. When considering base budget funding only, the Administration’s
request was 8.0% above the FY2022 funding total. The Biden Administration identified several
key priorities it intended to fund through these accounts in FY2023, including
 enabling the State Department to meet critical staffing gaps and attract and retain
a diverse workforce;
 ensuring the safety and security of the overseas workforce;
 paying U.S. assessed contributions to international organizations and
international peacekeeping missions on time and in full; and
 modernizing the State Department’s information technology to improve
efficiency, collaboration, data analysis capabilities, and information security.8
House Legislation. H.R. 8282, the FY2022 House SFOPS appropriations bill, would have
provided approximately $18.02 billion for the State Department and Related Agency
appropriations accounts. This funding level would have totaled about 4.7% more than the base
funding Congress provided in FY2022, 0.1% less than FY2022 total funding (which includes

6 For more details on P.L. 117-180, see CRS Report R47283, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2023
(Division A of P.L. 117-180), by Drew C. Aherne and Sarah B. Solomon.
7 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022,
pp. 41, 45.
8 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification: Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs, Fiscal Year 2023, pp. i-iii; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, March 28,
2022, pp. 5-6.
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OCO and emergency funds), and 3.0% less than the Biden Administration’s FY2023 base request
for these accounts.
Continuing Resolutions. The initial CR, P.L. 117-180, which funded the federal government
through December 16, 2022, provided budget authority for the Diplomatic Programs account at a
rate for operations of approximately $9.23 billion. This rate for operations exceeded the base
appropriation Congress provided for this account in the FY2022 SFOPS law by $50 million. The
subsequent CRs, which funded the federal government through December 30, 2022, did not
include any funding provisions specific to the Department of State and Related Agency
appropriations accounts.
Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations measure, P.L. 117-328, included
$17.39 billion in base funding for the State Department and Related Agency appropriations
accounts. This funding level was 6.4% lower than the President’s base request and 1.0% above
the FY2022 enacted base funding level. Among the accounts for which Congress provided the
largest funding increases relative to the FY2022 enacted base levels were the Capital Investment
Fund (+29.7%) and Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service (+12.7%). Funding for
other accounts, including Contributions to International Organizations (-13.5%), decreased when
compared with FY2022 base funding. Division M of the consolidated appropriations measure, the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, included an additional $152.6
million in supplemental funding for these accounts. When factoring in supplemental funding, the
$17.54 billion in total budget authority Congress provided for these accounts for FY2023 was
5.9% lower than the Administration’s request and 2.8% below the total FY2022 enacted level.
Table 2. State Department and Related Agency: Selected Accounts, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO and emergency funds)

FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actual
Enacteda
Requestb
House
Enactedc
Diplomatic Programs
8,963.14
9,538.09
9,692.80
9,637.71
9,610.21
(55.0)
(147.05)
Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
3,813.71
3,813.71
Embassy Security, Construction &
1,950.45
2,093.15
1,957.82
1,957.82
1,957.82
Maintenance
Educational & Cultural Exchange
740.30
753.00
741.30
773.00
777.50
Programs
International Organizations
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
3,457.24
2,919.92
U.S. Agency for Global Media
802.96
885.00
840.00
862.00
884.70
State and Related Agency Total
17,233.05
18,038.68
18,632.45
18,016.23
17,541.42
(55.0)
(152.55)
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
P.L. 117-328. CRS calculations. State and Related Agency totals include additional funding for accounts not listed
above.
Notes: Includes Function 300 funding and other commissions. Percentage changes may not reflect numbers
included in this table due to rounding.
a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-43, P.L. 117-70, and P.L. 117-128.
b. Numbers in parentheses indicate supplemental funds proposed by the Administration on September 2,
2022.
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c. Numbers in parentheses represent supplemental funding for Ukraine and countries and populations affected
by the war in Ukraine. Congress provided such funds in the Additional Ukraine Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2023.
Diplomatic Programs
The Diplomatic Programs account is the State Department’s principal operating appropriation and
funds several programs and functions, including
 most domestic and overseas Foreign Service and Civil Service personnel salaries;
 the State Department’s recruitment, training, and diversity, equity, inclusion, and
access programs;
 public diplomacy programs;
 operating costs at U.S. overseas posts, including embassies and consulates; and
 the operations and programs of the State Department’s strategic and managerial
units, including the Bureaus of Budget and Planning, Information Resource
Management (the State Department’s information technology bureau), and
Legislative Affairs, as well as the new Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy.9
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 request for the Diplomatic Programs account totaled $9.69
billion (including all base and supplemental funding), or about 2% more than the $9.54 billion
Congress appropriated in FY2022 (also including all base and supplemental funding). The Biden
Administration requested that Congress make the entirety of this appropriation (with the
exception of the Worldwide Security Protection, or WSP, component, which Congress generally
makes available until expended) available for expenditure for two fiscal years (also known as
“two-year funding”). For FY2022, Congress made 15% of this appropriation (excluding WSP and
supplemental funding) available for two fiscal years, with budget authority for the remainder of
the funds expiring at the end of the fiscal year for which they were appropriated. However, the
Biden Administration cited “ongoing crises, future of work, and domestic facilities projects, and
the endemic posture due to COVID-19” to justify its request that Congress make all FY2023
funds available as two-year funding.10
The Biden Administration’s request expanded on its ongoing efforts to strengthen the State
Department’s workforce.11 It sought resources for an additional 629 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions, 619 of which the Administration intended to fund through the Diplomatic
Programs account.12 Focus areas of proposed new positions included implementation of the
Administration’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and countering the malign influence of state and non-state
actors.13 Also within the request was funding for an additional 250 Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions to expand the State Department’s Professional Development and Training Float
(“training float,” or component of employees participating in training and professional
development programs rather than serving in policy assignments).14 Expansion of the training

9 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 14-24.
10 Ibid., p. 15.
11 For more detail on these efforts as they pertain to the Biden Administration’s FY2022 request, see CRS Report
R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by
Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 6-8.
12 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, pp. 7-8.
13 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 15.
14 Ibid., p. 16.
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float might enable the State Department to provide opportunities for more staff to participate in
training and learning modules while maintaining the personnel strength needed to advance U.S.
national security and foreign policy interests.
The Biden Administration also sought $65.6 million within its request for Diplomatic Programs
for diversity, equity, inclusion, and access (DEIA) programs for staff in support of several
executive orders President Biden has issued that are intended to advance DEIA in the federal
workforce. Such programs included a new initiative to modernize the State Department’s
recruitment practices to better ensure the department is able to attract a diverse workforce,
increased paid internship opportunities, and a new Civil Service diversity fellowship program.
Furthermore, the Administration requested 30 additional State Department positions focused on
DEIA efforts.15
House Legislation. H.R. 8282, if enacted, would have provided $89,000 less for the Diplomatic
Programs account than the Biden Administration requested.16 The bill did not implement the
Biden Administration’s request that all non-WSP Diplomatic Programs funding be made available
as two-year funding. Instead, it mirrored the FY2022 appropriations law (Division K of P.L. 117-
103) in making 15% of the Diplomatic Programs appropriation available for two fiscal years,
with budget authority for the remaining funds expiring at the end of FY2023.17 H.R. 8282 fully
funded the Administration’s request for additional State Department Foreign Service and Civil
Service positions and the expansion of the State Department’s training float. The House
Appropriations Committee report accompanying this bill expressly prioritized staffing increases
in areas including Central America sanctions issues, management and oversight of security
assistance programs, and cybersecurity.18 The committee report also stated that the bill included
funding for “not less than the budget request” to expand the State Department’s DEIA
programming, including recruitment, retention, and professional development initiatives.19 The
report specifically allocated not less than $18 million for paid internships (a figure which equaled
the Biden Administration’s request) and also required the State Department to submit reports to
Congress describing all of its workforce diversity activities and, separately, barriers to equity in
Foreign and Civil Service staff promotions.20
Consolidated Appropriation. When factoring in supplemental funding, P.L. 117-328 included
$9.61 billion for the Diplomatic Programs account, which was a 0.8% decrease from the Biden
Administration’s total request. With regard to base funding only, the law’s provision of $9.46
billion was around 1.8% less than the request. As with the House bill, the law did not implement
the Biden Administration’s request for all non-WSP Diplomatic Programs base funding to be
made available as two-year funding; it instead made 15% of the appropriation available as such
(with budget authority for the remaining funds expiring at the end of FY2023), which was
consistent with recent congressional practice in past SFOPS appropriations laws. The law further
provided $3.42 billion for the Human Resources funding category of the Diplomatic Programs
account, which is used to fund Foreign and Civil Service salaries, among other purposes. This

15 Ibid., pp. 15-16.
16 The Biden Administration’s request for Diplomatic Programs totaled $9,637,796,000. If enacted, the House bill
would have provided $9,637,707,000 for Diplomatic Programs.
17 See Diplomatic Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282 and Division K, Title I of P.L. 117-103.
18 U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Appropriations Bill, 2023, report to accompany H.R. 8282, 117th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 117-401, (Washington, DC:
GPO, 2022), p. 12.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid., pp. 14-15, 18.
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totaled about $20 million less than both the Administration’s request and the House bill. The Joint
Explanatory Statement (JES) accompanying the law noted that it “include[d] funding for
additional Foreign Service officers and Civil Service positions” and required the Secretary of
State to consult with Congress regarding proposed staffing increases.21 Neither the law nor the
JES directly mentioned the Administration’s request to expand the State Department’s training
float but they did not expressly preclude the State Department from obligating funds to do so.
Although neither the law nor the JES provided an aggregate funding level for State Department
DEIA programming, the JES noted that the law provided “funding for workforce diversity
initiatives,” including not less than $6 million each for the Charles B. Rangel International Affairs
Program and the Thomas R. Pickering Foreign Affairs Graduate Fellowship Program.22 The JES
further allocated $7.2 million for the State Department’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, which
exceeded the Administration’s request of about $7.0 million for this office.23 Like the House
committee report, the JES allocated $18.0 million for paid internships, which equaled the
Administration’s request.24
Diplomatic Security
The WSP allocation within the Diplomatic Programs account and the Embassy Security,
Construction, and Maintenance (ESCM) account are often referred to as the “diplomatic security
accounts” within SFOPS. WSP funds the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS), which is tasked
with implementing the State Department’s security programs to protect U.S. embassies and other
overseas posts, diplomatic residences, and domestic State Department offices.25 Other bureaus
that receive funding through WSP include the Bureau of Information Resource Management,
which shares responsibility with DS for protecting the State Department’s information technology
assets. The ESCM account funds the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, which is
responsible for providing U.S. diplomatic and consular missions overseas with secure, safe, and
functional facilities.26
The Biden Administration requested approximately $5.77 billion for the diplomatic security
accounts: $3.81 billion for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM. The Administration’s request was
1.9% less than the funding Congress provided for these accounts in FY2022 (including
supplemental funding; see Table 3 and footnote below).27

21 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 8.
22 Ibid., p. 10.
23 Ibid., p. 7; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State
Diplomatic Engagement, p. 12.
24 Ibid., p. 13; U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State
Diplomatic Engagement, p. 11.
25 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 19.
26 Ibid., p. 37.
27 The FY2022 enacted appropriation for the diplomatic security accounts totaled $5,771,348,000. The FY2023 request
for these accounts totaled $5,771,528,000.
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Table 3. Diplomatic Security Annual Appropriations, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars, includes OCO and emergency funds)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actual
Enacteda
Request
House
Enacted
Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
3,813.71
3,813.71
Embassy Security, Construction,
1,950.45
2,093.15
1,957.82
1,957.82
1,957.82
and Maintenance
Diplomatic Security (total)
5,854.05
5,881.35
5,771.53
5,771.53
5,771.53
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328; CRS calculations.
Notes: Sums may not reflect numbers included in this table due to rounding. Annual appropriations data do not
reflect available carryover funds.28
a. Includes supplemental funding provided in P.L. 117-128.
For FY2023, the Biden Administration sought WSP funding for 64 additional positions, including
30 new Civil Service positions to focus on areas including security clearance processing and
cybersecurity initiatives.29 The request also identified several cybersecurity initiatives and
enhancements, including enterprise vulnerability scanning and network intrusion detection
modernization, which the Biden Administration intended to prioritize. While the request reflected
a $538 million reduction due to suspended operations at the U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, it also
called for nearly $42 million to implement an agreement the United States reached with Qatar to
provide some consular services to U.S. citizens in Afghanistan and monitor the condition of U.S.
diplomatic facilities there.30 With regard to ESCM, the request included the State Department’s
$940 million ESCM funding share of the Capital Security Cost Sharing and Maintenance Cost
Sharing Programs (CSCS/MCS), which fund the construction and maintenance of U.S.
diplomatic posts. The Administration maintained that this request, when combined with
contributions from other agencies with overseas personnel, would fund these programs at the $2.2
billion level recommended by the State Department Accountability Review Board convened after
the 2012 terrorist attack against U.S. personnel in Benghazi, Libya.31
House Legislation. If enacted, the FY2023 House SFOPS bill would have funded the diplomatic
security accounts at levels equal to the Biden Administration’s request. While the bill did not
directly address many of the security programs the Biden Administration prioritized, the
committee report noted that WSP resources were intended to support “enhanced high threat
protection, security technology, [and] cyber and information security,” along with protective
services for senior State Department officials and foreign dignitaries visiting the United States.32
The bill also provided funding equal to what the Biden Administration requested for WSP
salaries, which may have allowed the State Department to move forward with creating additional

28 Over the past several years, Congress provided no-year appropriations for both WSP and ESCM, thereby authorizing
the State Department to indefinitely retain appropriated funds beyond the fiscal year for which they were appropriated.
As a result, the department has carried over balances of unexpired, unobligated WSP and ESCM funds each year that it
is authorized to obligate for purposes including multiyear construction projects and unexpected security contingencies.
29 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 37.
30 Ibid., p. 19; Humeyra Pamuk and Jonathan Landay, “Blinken says Qatar to act as U.S. diplomatic representative in
Afghanistan,” Reuters, November 12, 2021.
31 Ibid., p. 37.
32 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023,
p. 11.
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WSP positions described in the FY2023 request.33 The committee report allocated $940 million
provided within ESCM for the State Department’s CSCS/MCS funding requirements, which
equaled the Biden Administration’s request.34 The House bill further included notification and
reporting requirements similar to those made part of past SFOPS appropriations laws that would
have enabled Congress to conduct oversight of ongoing overseas diplomatic facility construction
projects.35
Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations measure included $3.81 billion
for WSP and $1.96 billion for ESCM, for a total of approximately $5.77 billion in diplomatic
security funding. This aggregate funding level was equal to the Biden Administration’s request
and totaled about $180,000 more than the FY2022 enacted level (excluding the $110 million in
supplemental funding Congress provided for diplomatic security in FY2022). While neither the
law nor the JES expressly endorsed or funded many of the diplomatic and cyber security
programs the Biden Administration highlighted in its request, the law did not directly prohibit the
State Department from pursuing these initiatives. Like the House bill, the consolidated
appropriations measure fully funded the Biden Administration’s request for WSP salaries and thus
enabled the State Department to proceed with its security-focused hiring plans. The JES also
allocated the $940 million in ESCM monies the Administration requested for CSCS/MCS to fund
construction and maintenance projects at U.S. overseas posts.36 The law further carried over many
of the oversight provisions and reporting requirements included in the House bill, including those
that required the State Department to share detailed information with Congress prior to obligating
funds for the acquisition of property or the award of new construction contracts for U.S.
diplomatic facilities.37
Assessed Contributions to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions
The Contributions to International Organizations (CIO) account is the funding vehicle for the
United States’ payments of its annual assessed contributions (membership dues) to 43
international organizations. These include the United Nations (U.N.) and organizations in the
U.N. system (among them the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Food and Agriculture
Organization, or FAO) and regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO).38 Separately, the United States pays its assessed contributions to U.N. peacekeeping
missions through the Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities (CIPA) account.39
The United States provides additional funding to international organizations through various
SFOPS humanitarian and multilateral assistance accounts.

33 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 22; see paragraph (1) under the Diplomatic
Programs heading in Title I of H.R. 8282.
34 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023,
p. 11.
35 See Section 7004 of H.R. 8282 and House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related
Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. 23-25.
36 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 18; U.S. Department of State, FY2023
Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 324. The JES allocates
an additional $162.29 million in consular fees for CSCS/MCS, which the Administration also requested.
37 See Section 7004(b) of Division K of P.L. 117-328 and House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign
Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, pp. 24-25.
38 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 48-50.
39 Ibid., pp. 52-55.
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The Biden Administration’s FY2023 SFOPS request included a combined $3.99 billion for these
accounts. This request comprised a 26.1% increase from the FY2022 enacted funding level. Table
4 illustrates recent funding for each account.
Table 4. U.S. Payments of Assessments to International Organizations and
Peacekeeping Missions, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; includes OCO funds)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
Account
Actual
Enacted
Request
House
Enacted
Contributions to International
1,505.93
1,662.93
1,658.24
1,659.74
1,438.00
Organizations
Contributions for International
1,456.21
1,498.61
2,327.24
1,797.50
1,481.92
Peacekeeping Activities
Total
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
3,457.24
2,919.92
Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282;
P.L. 117-328; CRS calculations.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Among other priorities, the Biden Administration’s request sought $150 million to begin paying
U.S. arrears (overdue assessed contributions) to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the intention of rejoining the organization. The United
States previously withheld funding to UNESCO after the organization admitted the Palestinians
as a member in 2011 pursuant to U.S. laws prohibiting funding to U.N. entities that take such
actions. The United States later withdrew from UNESCO in 2018.40 The Biden Administration
also sought a waiver to allow it to expend these funds, which Congress previously refrained from
providing when the Administration included funding for UNESCO in its FY2022 request.41 The
FY2023 request further called for nearly $58 million to support increased funding for NATO’s
civil budget, which funds personnel expenses, operating costs, and program expenditures at the
NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.42 The Biden Administration asserted that increased
funding for the civil budget would enable NATO to “maintain its technological and operational
edge in the evolving strategic and security environment that includes threats and challenges such
as a more aggressive and assertive Russia and China, the need for strengthened cybersecurity, and
threats posed by emerging and destructive technologies.”43
With regard to CIPA, the Biden Administration maintained that its FY2023 request would
advance its intention to fund the United States’ U.N. peacekeeping commitments at its current
assessed rate of 26.94%. This assessment exceeds the enacted 25% cap on U.S. contributions

40 For additional detail, see CRS Insight IN10802, U.S. Withdrawal from the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Luisa Blanchfield.
41 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 37, 50. CRS Report R46935, Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
42 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
Funding NATO, April 1, 2022. The Administration notes that this request is an estimate subject to the final outcome of
2023 NATO budget negotiations that will conclude in June 2022.
43 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 49.
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Congress has kept in place since the 1990s due to concerns that assessed rates are too high.44 The
Administration also once again requested language to authorize the State Department to pay
assessed contributions above the 25% statutory cap; Congress refrained from including such a
measure in the FY2022 SFOPS appropriations law despite the State Department’s request.45 The
FY2023 request also included $620 million for the State Department to pay some peacekeeping
arrears accrued from FY2017 to FY2020 due to the 25% cap and an additional $110.3 million to
pay arrears from the 2021-2022 peacekeeping year (also due to the cap).46 The Biden
Administration similarly sought additional funding as part of its FY2022 request for CIPA to pay
down arrears accumulated over the previous four years, yet Congress funded CIPA at a level
much closer to the FY2021 appropriation for that account.47
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill included a combined $3.46 billion for CIO and CIPA,
or about 13.3% less than the Biden Administration’s request and 9.4% more than the FY2022
funding provided by Congress. This lower overall figure relative to the Administration’s request
was attributable entirely to CIPA, as the House bill funded CIO slightly above (about 0.09%
more) the request. The House bill included waiver authority similar to what the Administration
requested that, if exercised, would have allowed the State Department to begin paying U.S.
arrears to UNESCO.48 While neither the bill nor the committee report directly addressed NATO in
the context of CIO, the bill’s provision of slightly more funding than the Biden Administration
requested for this account appeared to allow the State Department to fund NATO’s civil budget at
requested levels. With regard to CIPA, the committee report noted that this bill included “more
than $200 million” to enable the State Department to begin paying down peacekeeping arrears.49
This appeared lower than the funding the Biden Administration requested for this purpose. H.R.
8282 further included language similar to what the Biden Administration requested that would
have authorized the State Department to pay assessed peacekeeping contributions above the 25%
statutory cap, which the committee report maintained would have enabled the State Department
to use FY2023 funds to pay the full share of the United States’ assessed peacekeeping costs.50 The

44 Over the years, the gap between the actual U.S. assessment and the cap led to funding shortfalls. The State
Department and Congress often covered these shortfalls by raising the cap for limited periods and allowing for the
application of U.N. peacekeeping credits (excess U.N. funds from previous missions) to fund outstanding U.S.
balances. For several years, these actions allowed the United States to pay its peacekeeping assessments in full.
However, since FY2017 Congress has declined to raise the cap, and in mid-2017, the Trump Administration allowed
for the application of peacekeeping credits up to, but not beyond, the 25% cap—which has led to the accumulation of
about $920 million in U.S. arrears from FY2017 to FY2020. For more information, see CRS In Focus IF10354, United
Nations Issues: U.S. Funding to the U.N. System, by Luisa Blanchfield.
45 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 52; CRS Report R46935, Department of
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L.
Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, p. 12.
46 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 52.
47 For additional detail, see CRS Report R46935, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs:
FY2022 Budget and Appropriations, by Cory R. Gill, Marian L. Lawson, and Emily M. Morgenstern, pp. 10-12.
48 Section 7071 of H.R. 8282. While operatively similar to the language the State Department included in its request,
this waiver authority includes several conditions that the State Department did not make part of its requested language.
To review the State Department’s requested language, see the State Department requested Section 7025(i)(11) language
at U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic
Engagement, p. 39.
49 House Committee on Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023,
p. 28.
50 See the final clause under the “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R.
8282 and proposed legislative language under the same heading at U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional
Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State Diplomatic Engagement, p. 35. See also House Committee on
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bill also would have required that any State Department payment of peacekeeping arrears shall be
subject to prior consultation with Congress and stipulated that no CIPA funding may be used for
the procurement of Russian equipment unless the Secretary of State reported to Congress on a
case-by-case basis that this prohibition “would pose a substantial risk to human health or
welfare.”51
Consolidated Appropriation. The consolidated appropriations law (P.L. 117-328) provided a
total of $2.92 billion for CIO and CIPA, or about 26.8% less than the Biden Administration’s
request and 7.6% below the FY2022 enacted level. The difference between the funding levels
requested by the Administration and provided in the law owed largely to CIPA (see Table 4).
Neither the law nor the JES set aside any CIPA funds for the payment of peacekeeping arrears.
Moreover, the law did not provide the waiver authority the Administration requested to enable the
State Department to use FY2023 funds to pay assessed peacekeeping contributions above the
25% statutory cap. While the law did not include the aforementioned restriction on the use of
CIPA funds for the procurement of Russian equipment that was part of the House bill, the JES
directed the Secretary of State to work with the United Nations to reduce its reliance on Russian
equipment and transmit a report to Congress detailing steps to be taken in this regard.52 With
respect to CIO, the law included waiver authority similar to what the Biden Administration
requested and identical to that provided in the House bill that enabled the President to waive
statutory restrictions that precluded U.S. funding to UNESCO.53 Should President Biden exercise
this waiver authority, the Administration may begin paying arrears in order to rejoin UNESCO, as
detailed in the State Department’s budget request.54 While the law and the JES did not address
NATO in the context of CIO, the law did not prohibit the United States from funding NATO’s
civil budget.
Foreign Operations Highlights
SFOPS Foreign Operations accounts comprise the majority of U.S. foreign assistance included in
the international affairs budget; the remainder is enacted in the Agriculture appropriations bill,
which provides funding for the Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Programs.55 The FY2023 request for base
Foreign Operations was $47.42 billion, an increase of 15.8% over FY2022 enacted base funding.
Including supplemental requests, the total Foreign Operations request for FY2023 was $71.97
billion, representing a 3.8% increase from total FY2022 enacted funding. The total foreign
assistance request, including food aid provided for in the agriculture appropriation and
supplemental appropriations, was $73.94 billion. See Table 5 for a more detailed breakdown of
foreign assistance funding by type.

Appropriations, State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2023, p. 28.
51 To review this language, see “Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities” heading under Title I of H.R.
8282.
52 Joint Explanatory Statement Accompanying Division K of P.L. 117-328, p. 20.
53 Section 7070 of Division K of P.L. 117-328.
54 See U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification Appendix I: Department of State
Diplomatic Engagement, p. 372.
55 For more on international food assistance programs, see CRS Report R45422, U.S. International Food Assistance:
An Overview, by Alyssa R. Casey and Emily M. Morgenstern.
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Table 5. Foreign Assistance by Type, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
Type
Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Enactedi
USAID Administrationd
1,752.45
2,021.15
2,162.95
2,087.35
2,095.95
(47.00)
(50.00)
(13.00)
Global Health Programs
13,195.95
9,830.00
12,171.00
10,576.50
10,560.95
(1,595.00)
Global Health Programs, Mandatory

6,500.00

(non-add)e
Non-Health Development Assistancef
17,797.04
20,110.19
32,139.49
10,622.09
27,890.78
(10,653.00)
(21,495.00)
(17,851.50)
Humanitarian Assistanceg
11,467.46
20,496.85
10,951.36
9,895.10
11,090.70
(11,939.10)
(500.00)
(2,522.95)
Independent Agenciesh
1,393.50
1,404.50
1,431.50
1,437.50
1,452.50
Security Assistance
9,004.03
14,079.35
9,904.78
8,996.98
9,498.73
(5,180.00)
(905.00)
(560.00)
Multilateral Assistance
2,620.82
3,024.46
4,726.72
4,671.51
2,763.12
(650.00)
Export Promotion
264.99
323.80
451.05
540.63
738.08
Foreign Assistance Total
57,496.24
71,395.30
73.938.85
49,227.67
66,090.81
(28,469.10)
(24,545.00)
(20,967.45)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-
128; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-
2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act
2022 (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental funding from the FY2022 Extending Funding and
Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-128).
c. Numbers in parentheses indicate supplemental emergency funds proposed by the Administration on
September 2, 2022 and November 15, 2022.
d. Includes USAID Operating Expenses, Capital Investment Fund, and the USAID Inspector General.
e. Historically, funding for all Foreign Operations appropriations accounts has been discretionary;
Administration budget requests for SFOPS have remained consistent with that approach. For FY2023,
however, the Biden Administration is requesting $6.5 bil ion in mandatory budget authority for Global
Health Programs. This mandatory line is considered a “non-add” in the budget request and therefore is not
included in the total. For more information, see “Global Health Programs (GHP)” below.
f.
Includes Treasury Technical Assistance (appropriated in SFOPS) and the McGovern-Dole International Food
for Education and Child Nutrition Program (appropriated in Agriculture appropriations).
g. Includes Food for Peace Act, Title II funds appropriated in annual Agriculture appropriations.
h. Includes the Peace Corps, Mil ennium Challenge Corporation, Inter-American Foundation, and the U.S.
African Development Foundation.
i.
Numbers in parentheses represent supplemental emergency funding for Ukraine and countries and
populations affected by the war in Ukraine. Congress provided such funds in the Ukraine Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2023, and Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023.
The Administration asserted that the FY2023 budget request would, among other priorities,
support U.S. efforts to combat COVID-19 abroad, invest in climate mitigation and adaptation
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programs, lead global humanitarian assistance vis-a-vis other donors in countries such as Ukraine
and Afghanistan, address root causes of migration, and defend democratic institutions globally.56
The request also included funding to increase USAID Direct Hire staff by 200 (100 Civil Service
and 100 Foreign Service) and invest in agency systems to support the proposed overall increase in
funding and program operations. For more detail on selected sectors, see “Foreign Operations
Sectors” below.
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would have provided a total of $49.2
billion for foreign assistance, nearly level with the Administration’s request. The bill included a
20% increase in funding for export promotion and a nearly 12% increase for global health
programs. All other types of foreign assistance would have seen level funding or modest
decreases (-5% for Humanitarian Assistance and -1% for both USAID Administration and
Multilateral Assistance) compared to the Administration’s request. When compared to FY2022
enacted base funding, the House bill represented a nearly 15% overall increase with the largest
increases provided to Multilateral Assistance (+96.7%) and Export Promotion (+67.0%). When
compared to the FY2022 total enacted level, including emergency supplemental funding, the
House bill represented a decrease of 31.0% with three foreign assistance types severely reduced (-
52.0% for Humanitarian Assistance, -47.2% for Non-Health Development Assistance, and -36.1%
for Security Assistance).
Continuing Resolutions. The first CR, P.L. 117-180, enacted to fund the federal government
through December 16, 2022, included $4.5 billion in supplemental funding for non-health
development assistance (Division B of the law). As requested by the Administration, Congress
directed that such funds be made available for direct financial assistance to the Government of
Ukraine.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided $45.12 billion in base foreign assistance, a
0.9% decrease from the President’s request and a 0.5% increase from the FY2022 enacted base.
When compared to FY2022 enacted base levels, the largest increases were to Export Promotion
(+127.9%), Multilateral Assistance (+16.4%), and Global Health Programs (+7.4%). Only
Humanitarian Assistance received a slight decrease when compared with FY2022 base levels (-
1.1%). The act also included $16.47 billion in supplemental funding for Ukraine through the
Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division M of the law).
Foreign Operations Sectors
Global Health Programs (GHP)57
The Administration requested $10.58 billion for base Global Health Programs (GHP) funding for
FY2023. This represented a 7.6% increase from FY2022 enacted funding levels. The largest
increases were for family planning and reproductive health programs (+9.2%), raising U.S.
contributions to the multilateral Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global
Fund, +28.2%), and bolstering global health security (+43.6%)—the latter of which included
strengthening health systems worldwide and enhancing their capacity to fight diseases with
pandemic potential, such as COVID-19.58 The Administration maintained historical practices of
requesting the bulk (74%) of GHP funds for fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria

56 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, pp. 74-77.
57 Tiaji Salaam-Blyther, Specialist in Global Health, contributed to this section.
58 The Administration proposes that the increases be used to “mitigate program losses ... due to COVID-19.” U.S.
Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification.
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through the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund
(see Table 6). The Administration sought decreases in five subaccounts: bilateral HIV/AIDS
funding through the State Department (-0.5%), Maternal and Child Health (-1.2%), Nutrition (-
3.2%), Tuberculosis (-5.7%), and Vulnerable Children (-9.1%).
Notably, the request included a proposal to make available $6.5 billion in “mandatory” funding
“to make transformative investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological
threat preparedness” over five years.59 The Administration did not count these funds in its
FY2023 international affairs budget request total. It is unclear from what subaccounts these funds
would have been drawn and what portion of this funding would have been needed to be
appropriated given references to related funding in previous fiscal years. For example, the budget
proposal included within the $6.5 billion pledges by the Administration to the Coalition for
Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI) and other stakeholders in previous fiscal years,
and amounts provided through P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), subject to
congressional approval. The Administration also counted $1.05 billion of the FY2023 global
health security request ($775 million from USAID and $250 million from the Department of
State) towards the multi-year funding authority.
In September 2022, the Administration requested $595 million in emergency supplemental funds
for mpox virus responses abroad.60 Of the requested funds, $25 million was for State and $570
million was for USAID. In November 2022, the Administration proposed an additional $1 billion
“to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential new variants.”61 Such funds were
requested to be divided between State ($75 million), for health system strengthening efforts
through PEPFAR, and USAID ($925 million) to support pandemic preparedness and health
system strengthening efforts, including those carried out through the U.S. COVID-19 Global
Response and Recovery Framework, Global VAX, and the Emergency Reserve Fund, among
others. Including the supplemental requests, proposed GHP funding for FY2023 totaled $12.17
billion, a 23.8% increase from FY2022 enacted levels.
Table 6. Global Health Appropriations by Subaccount, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
GHP Subaccount
Enacted
Enacted
Request
House
Enacted
HIV/AIDS
4,370.0
4,390.0
4,370.0
4,395.0
4,395.0
Global Fund
1,560.0
1,560.0
2,000.0
2,000.0
2,000.0
Global Health Security

250.0

Total, State-GHP
5,930.0
5,950.0
6,620.0
6,395.0
6,395.0
HIV/AIDS
330.0
330.0
330.0
330.0
330.0
Tuberculosis
319.0
371.1
350.0
469.0
394.5
Malaria
770.0
775.0
780.0
820.0
795.0
Maternal and Child Health
855.5
890.0
879.5
890.0
910.0
Nutrition
150.0
155.0
150.0
160.0
160.0

59 FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification, p. 146.
60 Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022.
61 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Attachment 1. COVID-19
Pandemic and Other Public Health Needs, p. 4, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-
Supplemental-funding-request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf.
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FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
GHP Subaccount
Enacted
Enacted
Request
House
Enacted
Vulnerable Children
25.0
27.5
25.0
30.0
30.0
FP/RH
524.0
524.0
572.0
760.0
524.0
Other Public Health Threats

10.0
8.0
Neglected Tropical Diseases
102.5
107.5
114.5
112.5
114.5
Global Health Security
190.0
700.0
755.0
1,000.0
900.0
Total, USAID-GHP
3,266.0
3,880.0
3,956.0
4,581.5
4,166.0
Emergency GHP
4,000.0

1,595.0

Total, GHP
13,196.0
9,830.0
12,171.0
10,976.5
10,561.0
Mandatory GHP (non-add)

6,500.0

Sources: FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; September and November 2022 supplemental
requests; P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328; Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L.
117-328.
Notes: FY2021 emergency supplemental funding to combat COVID-19 abroad was enacted in Title IX of P.L.
116-260, but subaccount allocations were not specified. Table does not include funding for global health from
other appropriations vehicles (e.g., CDC funding for global health activities appropriated through Labor-HHS).
FP/RH = Family Planning and Reproductive Health. “Mandatory” GHP refers to a request from the
Administration to make available $6.5 bil ion for the Department of State and USAID over five years “to make
transformative investments in global health security and pandemic and other biological threats preparedness.”
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would have provided a total of $10.977
billion for Global Health Programs, an increase of 3.8% over the President’s request. The
measure would have provided more than the President requested for most global health
subaccounts, with the exception of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), which would have
received $2 million less than the budget request. When compared to the FY2022 enacted level,
the bill represented an increase of 11.7% and provided level or increased funding for all
subaccounts. While the House bill did not mention the Administration’s request for mandatory
spending, the report accompanying the bill expressed the Committee’s support for CEPI and the
World Health Organization’s ACT-Accelerator and urged USAID “to integrate global health
security programming with other health programming at the country level.”62 Additionally, the
Committee noted that while it did not establish a Health Resilience Fund as the Administration
requested, it would provide the requested $10.0 million under the “Other Public Health Threats”
subaccount.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided a total of $10.561 billion for Global Health
Programs, representing a 0.1% decrease from the President’s base request and a 13.2% decrease
from the total request. The act provided level or more funding than the President’s base request
for most global health subaccounts, with the exception of Family Planning/Reproductive Health
(-8.4%) and Global Health Security (-10.4%). When compared with the FY2022 enacted level,
total GHP funding represented a 7.4% increase with level or increased funding for each global
health subaccount.

62 H.Rept. 117-401.
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Global Humanitarian Assistance63
The projected numbers of people displaced or requiring humanitarian assistance and protection
globally in 2023 are the highest on record, and experts say the numbers are likely to increase.64
The U.S. government has consistently provided about one-third of total global humanitarian
assistance to support those affected by conflict and natural disasters. Such assistance is generally
appropriated through global humanitarian accounts administered by USAID and the State
Department, including the International Disaster Assistance (IDA), Migration and Refugee
Assistance (MRA), and Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance (ERMA) accounts in the
SFOPS appropriation, and the Food for Peace, Title II account (FFP) in the Agriculture
appropriation.
The Biden Administration’s FY2023 base budget request called for $10.45 billion in
humanitarian assistance to support displaced and vulnerable persons and to invest in migration
management, including $4.70 billion for IDA, $3.91 billion for MRA, $100 million for ERMA,
and $1.74 billion for FFP. The FY2023 budget request was about 4% above the Administration’s
FY2022 request of $10.1 billion and just over 18% above the base funding ($8.56 billion) enacted
for humanitarian assistance accounts in FY2022. In November 2022, the Biden Administration
submitted to Congress a request for emergency supplemental funding for the ongoing response to
the war in Ukraine, including a total of $500 million for humanitarian accounts—$250 million
each for IDA and MRA—bringing the total FY2023 request to $10.95 billion.65 Enacted
emergency supplemental funding (primarily in response to the Afghanistan and Ukraine crises)
increased humanitarian funding in FY2021 from $9.57 billion (base) to $11.5 billion and in
FY2022 from $8.56 billion (base) to $20.46 billion (Figure 3).

63 Prepared by Rhoda Margesson, CRS Specialist in International Humanitarian Policy.
64 The U.N. 2023 global humanitarian appeal for $51.5 billion is the highest ever and nearly two and a half times the
$22.5 billion appeal from five years ago. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Global
Humanitarian Overview 2023, December 1, 2022. See also U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global
Trends Report, June 2022 and UNHCR, Mid-Year Trends 2022, October 27, 2022.
65 Letter from OMB Director Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Attachment 2. Ukraine
Assistance Needs at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-
request-for-COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf.
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Figure 3. Humanitarian Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of U.S. dollars)

Sources: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70;
P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: IDA = International Disaster Assistance; MRA = Migration and Refugee Assistance; ERMA = Emergency
Refugee and Migration Assistance; FFP = Food for Peace Act, Title II.
House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would have provided $8.1 billion for
global humanitarian assistance through the IDA, MRA, and ERMA accounts. Together with FFP
(which is funded through the agriculture appropriation), the amount would have been $9.9
billion,66 which was roughly 6% less than the Administration’s FY2023 base request and about
14% above the base humanitarian funding enacted in FY2022. The SFOPS report accompanying
the bill highlighted several issues related to children in humanitarian emergencies, including child
malnutrition, protection, and education. Under IDA, it also stressed the potential use of airdrops,
support for programs addressing gender-based violence, the role of local and national NGOs in
the humanitarian response, and the continued use of the Emergency Food Security Program. For
MRA, the Committee noted its support, but not specific funding allocations, for aid to specific
populations, including vulnerable migrants in Mexico; Rohingya, Tibetan, and Uyghur refugees;
and Venezuelan migrants and refugees.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided $11.09 billion for global humanitarian
assistance, representing a 5.5% increase over the President’s FY2023 base request and a less than
1% increase over the Administration’s total request with emergency supplemental funding
measures included. The act provided base funding of $8.66 billion (similar to base funding levels
enacted in FY2022) with amounts about level or less than the President’s base FY2023 request,
including $3.90 billion for IDA, $2.91 billion for MRA, $100,000 for ERMA, and $1.75 billion
for FFP. The act also provided $2.52 billion in supplemental funding (Division M of the law),
including $937.9 million for IDA, $1.54 billion for MRA, and $50 million for FFP, with specific
allocations for the Ukraine humanitarian response and for countries affected by the Ukraine
conflict. For total global humanitarian assistance funding, including supplemental funds, the
FY2023 enacted levels represented a 45.9% decrease compared to enacted levels in FY2022.

66 The House Agriculture Bill for FY2023, H.R. 8239, provided $1.8 billion for FFP.
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Security Assistance
Security assistance accounts fund a range of activities, including supplying weapon systems to
allies, supporting partners in counternarcotics efforts, and providing human rights training to
foreign military personnel, among other things. For FY2023, the Administration requested a base
of $9.0 billion for security assistance accounts, representing a 1.1% increase from FY2022
enacted base funding. In November 2022, the Administration requested a further $905 million in
supplemental emergency funding in response to the war in Ukraine. Including those funds, the
total FY2023 security assistance request was $9.90 billion, which represented a 29.7% decrease
from the total FY2022 enacted level (Figure 4). The FY2022 enacted total included $5.2 billion
in emergency funding for security assistance for Ukraine and allies in the region, of which $4.65
billion was for Foreign Military Financing (FMF), $430 million was for International Narcotics
Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE), and $100 million was for Nonproliferation, Anti-
Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs (NADR). The largest proposed increase for base
security assistance in FY2023 was for INCLE, which would have seen a 5.4% increase from
FY2022 enacted base funding. The Administration asserted that the proposed funds would
support global programming that would “reflect a heightened emphasis on advancing U.S.
objectives on anticorruption and [would] consolidate important investments in combating
transnational organized crime (TOC) and other national security threats by addressing the opioid
crisis, financial crimes, cybercrime, wildlife trafficking, and police peacekeeping.”67
Figure 4. Security Assistance by Account, FY2021-FY2023
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Sources: CRS using data from the FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128;
H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining and Related Programs; PKO = Peacekeeping
Operations; IMET = International Military Education and Training; FMF = Foreign Military Financing; INCLE =
International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement.

67 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 118.
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House Legislation. The House SFOPS bill for FY2023 would have provided a total of $9.0
billion for security assistance accounts, essentially level with the President’s base request for
FY2023 and slightly higher than FY2022 enacted base funding.
Consolidated Appropriation. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, included a total of
$9.50 billion for security assistance accounts. Of those funds, $8.94 was for base funding and
$560 million was for supplemental funding to respond to the war in Ukraine. The base
appropriation was 0.4% higher than the enacted FY2022 base and 0.7% lower than the
President’s base request. The total appropriation for security assistance in FY2023 represented a
32.5% decrease from FY2022 total enacted levels and a 4.1% decrease from the President’s total
request.
Development Assistance, Export Promotion, and Related Assistance
Approximately one-third of the FY2023 foreign operations request was for non-health
development sectors (e.g., education, food security, and the environment), independent agencies
(e.g., the Peace Corps and Millennium Challenge Corporation), multilateral assistance, and export
promotion and development finance agencies.
Non-health Development Sectors
As in prior years, the Administration’s request for FY2023 did not specify dollar amounts for
many non-health development sectors but offered detail on program priorities within certain
sectors. (For FY2021 and FY2022 enacted levels for select development sectors, see Table 7).
Consistent with the Administration’s broader foreign operations priorities, focus areas within the
non-health development sectors for FY2023 included climate mitigation and adaptation,
addressing root causes of migration, defending democratic institutions, promoting education and
food security, and spurring economic growth, particularly in countries that experienced severe
economic downturns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Table 7. Select Development Sectors, FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023 House
FY2023
Sector
Enacted
Enacted
Enacted
Democracy Programs (excluding
2,417.00
2,600.00
2,800.00
2,900.00
NED)
Education (basic and higher)
1,235.00
1,200.00
1,235.00
1,262.00
Cooperative Development
18.50
18.50
20.00
18.50
Programs
American Schools and Hospitals
30.00
31.50
33.00
31.50
Abroad (ASHA)
Food Security
1,010.60
1,010.60
1,200.00
1,010.60
Environment
986.66
1,295.00
1,860.00
1,295.00
Water and Sanitation
450.00
475.00
500.00
475.00
Gender Equality and Women’s
560.00
560.00
650.00
650.00
Empowerment
Trafficking in Persons
99.00
106.40
112.20
116.40
Reconciliation Programs
25.00
25.00
30.00
25.00
Micro and Small Enterprise
265.00
265.00
265.00
265.00
Sources: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-103; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-328.
Note: NED = National Endowment for Democracy.
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House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 would have provided increases for all selected
non-health development sectors when compared to FY2022 enacted levels. The largest increases
were provided for the environment (+43.6%), reconciliation programs (+20.0%), food security
(+18.7%), and gender equality (+16.1%) sectors.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 provided level or increased funding for all non-
health development sectors when compared with FY2022 enacted levels. Increases were provided
for the gender equality and women’s empowerment (+16.1%), democracy programs (+11.5%),
trafficking in persons (+9.4%), and education (+5.2%) sectors.
Independent Agencies
The Biden Administration’s budget proposal for FY2023 included $1.43 billion for independent
agencies, a 1.9% increase from FY2022 enacted levels. Both the Peace Corps and Millennium
Challenge Corporation would have seen funding increases under the request (+4.9% and +2.0%,
respectively) when compared to FY2022 enacted levels, and the Inter-American Foundation
(IAF) and U.S. African Development Foundation (USADF) would have seen funding decreases (-
9.5% and -17.5%, respectively).68
House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 would have provided a total of $1.44 billion for
independent agencies, nearly level with the President’s request. The bill included level funding
for the Peace Corps as compared to the request, a moderate decrease for MCC (-1.6%), and
significant increases for IAF (+23.7%) and USADF (+36.4%). When compared to the FY2022
enacted level, the House’s FY2023 bill would have provided an overall increase of 2.4% for
independent agencies with IAF and USADF again receiving the greatest funding increases
(+11.9% and +12.5%, respectively).
Consolidated Appropriation. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, included a total of
$1.45 billion for independent agencies, a modest increase from both the President’s request
(+1.5%) and the FY2022 enacted level (+3.4%). Both Peace Corps and MCC received level
funding when compared with FY2022 enacted levels and IAF and USADF received increases of
11.9% and 12.5%, respectively.
Multilateral Assistance
The Administration proposed a near doubling of funding for multilateral assistance for FY2023
when compared to FY2022 base enacted levels and a 56.3% increase when compared to total
FY2022 enacted levels. The FY2022 enacted total included a total of $650 million in emergency
supplemental funds provided in the AUSAA (P.L. 117-128): $500 million for the European Bank
for Reconstruction and Development and $150 million for the Global Agriculture and Food
Security Program. The Administration’s proposed increase in multilateral funding for FY2023
was largely a result of requested investments in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and Climate
Investment Funds, which the Administration contended would “accelerate progress toward
meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement by assisting developing countries in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to climate change and building resilience, and investing in
sustainable infrastructure.”69 The Administration had proposed funding for both the GCF and

68 For more on the Peace Corps, see CRS Report RS21168, The Peace Corps: Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.
For more on the Millennium Challenge Corporation, see CRS Report RL32427, Millennium Challenge Corporation:
Overview and Issues, by Nick M. Brown.
69 U.S. Department of State, Congressional Budget Justification, p. 135.
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Climate Investment Funds for FY2022; both the House-passed and Senate drafted SFOPS bills
for FY2022 included funds for the GCF ($1.60 billion and $1.45 billion, respectively), however
the FY2022 consolidated appropriation did not include any funding for GCF or the proposed
Climate Investment Funds.70
The request included other substantial changes to multilateral assistance accounts when compared
to FY2022 enacted levels. These included a significant increase to the International Development
Association (+42.8%); significant decreases to the Asian Development Fund (-18.2%), African
Development Fund (-18.9%), and the International Monetary Fund (-80.4%); and a zeroing out of
the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program.
House Legislation. The House bill for FY2023 included a total of $4.67 billion for multilateral
assistance accounts, a 1.2% decrease from the President’s request. The decrease was largely due
to the House bill not accepting the President’s proposed contributions to Climate Investment
Funds; all other multilateral accounts were funded at the President’s request, with the exception
of International Organizations and Programs, which would have seen a 29.5% increase. When
compared to FY2022 total enacted funding for multilateral assistance, the House measure
provided a 54.5% increase with the most significant increases to the Clean Technology Fund
(+180.0%), the International Development Association (+42.8%), and International Organizations
and Programs (+40.0%).
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 included $2.76 billion for multilateral assistance
accounts, a 41.5% decrease from the Administration’s proposal. This was largely due to Congress
not accepting the President’s request for contributions to the Green Climate Fund and Climate
Investment Funds. When compared with base enacted funds for FY2022, the FY2023 enacted
level was a 16.4% increase with subaccount increases for the Global Agriculture and Food
Security Program (+100.0%), International Development Association (+42.%), and International
Organizations and Programs (+20.2%). When compared with the total enacted funds for FY2022,
however, the FY2023 enacted level represented an 8.4% decrease, largely due to decreases in
funding for the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program and European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, both of which had received supplemental funding in FY2022
to address the war in Ukraine.
Regional Assistance
As with prior year budget requests, the Administration did not propose regional funding
allocations that captured all appropriations accounts. For example, funding for humanitarian
assistance was proposed for what are referred to as “global” accounts, wherein funding would be
allocated throughout the fiscal year based on assessed needs and U.S. humanitarian priorities.
The Administration proposed regional funding for certain accounts. These included GHP; DA;
ESF; Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia (AEECA); and all five security assistance
accounts. Compared to FY2021 actuals (including emergency funding), for FY2023, the
Administration proposed the largest increase in funding for the Western Hemisphere (+58.4%),
followed by Europe and Eurasia, South and Central Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific; the
proposal reduces funding from FY2022 levels for both sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East
(Figure 5). The Administration also set out priorities for certain regions, including addressing the
root causes of migration and bolstering civil society and governance in Central America;

70 House-passed SFOPS was H.R. 4373, Senate-drafted SFOPS was S. 3075, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act,
2022 was P.L. 117-103. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying P.L. 117-103 did not include details on the
decision not to fund GCF for FY2022.
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countering Russia’s malign influence and supporting Ukraine and other regional allies in Europe
and Eurasia; and advancing the Indo-Pacific strategy.
Figure 5. Regional Assistance, FY2021 Actual vs. FY2023 Request
(In billions of current U.S. dollars)

Source: CRS using FY2023 SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification.
Notes: FY2021 is the most recent year for which “actual” data are available. FY2021 Actual includes emergency
funding.
House Legislation. The House legislation and accompanying report did not provide
comprehensive regional allocations, but did specify assistance levels for several countries and
regions. The legislation directed that $3.3 billion be made available for Israel, $1.7 billion for the
implementation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy, $1.4 billion for Egypt, $487.4 million for Colombia,
and $132.0 million for Georgia. Notably, the House bill did not include a designated funding level
for Ukraine as existed in previous fiscal years.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 did not include comprehensive country- and region-
specific allocations. As in prior year appropriations, though, the measure included directives for
some countries and regions. For example, the law specified that not less than $3.3 billion shall be
made available for Israel, not less than $1.8 billion for the Indo-Pacific Strategy, and not less than
$1.4 billion for Egypt, among other designations. As noted above, Division M of the bill also
provided supplemental appropriations related to the war in Ukraine, including $16.4 billion in
foreign operations accounts. These funds largely were not allocated by country or region but are
likely to increase aid to Europe and Eurasia significantly in FY2023.
General Provisions
The SFOPS General Provisions (generally Title VII of the bill) set policy; direct, condition, and
restrict appropriated funding; and outline notification and reporting requirements among other
functions. As many programs and activities supported by SFOPS appropriations do not receive
regular reauthorization, legislative language related to policy priorities is often found in the
General Provisions title. While some sections remain unchanged from year to year, others are
dynamic, indicating Members’ use of the General Provisions—and the SFOPS appropriations
measure more broadly—to address current and emerging global issues.
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For FY2023, the Administration requested legislative language in a number of areas to address its
policy priorities. Selected examples of such requests included the following:
 Consular and Border Security Programs. The Biden Administration requested
General Provisions pertaining to consular fees the State Department collects and
deposits into the Consular and Border Security programs account to fund
consular services.71 One proposal would have authorized the State Department to
adjust machine-readable visa fees to account for the costs it incurs for consular
services for which there is currently no fee or surcharge collected, or for which
the State Department is required to remit the applicable fee or surcharge to the
Treasury. The State Department requested an additional General Provision that
would, among other measures, amend the fee collection and expenditure
authorities for passport and immigrant visa surcharges to encompass a broader
array of consular services.72
 Global Engagement Center Extension. The authorizing statute for the State
Department’s Global Engagement Center (GEC), which is responsible for
leading inter-agency efforts to recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign
state and non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at the United
States and its allies and partners, currently provides that the GEC will terminate
on December 23, 2024.73 The Biden Administration requested a General
Provision that would extend this date to December 31, 2027.74
 Build Back Better World (B3W) Fund. The Administration requested that
Congress make available up to $350 million of Title III funds for a new B3W
Fund that would provide for “assistance, including through contributions, to
address climate, health and health security, digital connectivity, and gender
equity.”75 Such funds would have been in addition to SFOPS funding made
available for such purposes elsewhere in the bill.
House Legislation. The House measure introduced new general provisions and adjusted a
number of general provisions from prior year appropriations bills. Selected examples included
renaming funds previously appropriated for “Women’s Leadership” as the “Madeleine Albright
Women’s Leadership Program”; adjusting standard notification requirements to include
information not previously required; and requiring new or updated reporting on topics such as
activities related to democracy and gender equality, the prioritization of funding to marginalized
groups, and security assistance coordination. The House measure did not accept certain
Administration proposals, including the aforementioned consular fee proposals, the requested
B3W Fund, and the extension of the GEC’s statutory mandate.
Consolidated Appropriation. P.L. 117-328 included a number of the general provision
adjustments included in the House legislation, including the renaming of the Madeleine Albright
Women’s Leadership Program and certain notification and reporting requirements. The law did

71 The authorization statute for the Consular and Border Security Programs account can be accessed as codified at 8
U.S.C. §1715.
72 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, pp. 50-51.
73 See “Global Engagement Center” at 22 U.S.C. §2656 note and U.S. Department of State, “Global Engagement
Center.”
74 U.S. Department of State, FY2023 Budget Request, slide presentation, p. 54.
75 Office of Management and Budget, FY2023 Budget Appendix, p. 886.
Congressional Research Service

25

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

not accept certain Administration proposals, including the aforementioned consular fee proposals,
the requested B3W Fund, and the extension of the GEC’s statutory mandate.
Outlook
Although Congress enacted full year appropriations for FY2023 in December 2022,
appropriations for FY2023 may not be complete. Members may continue to debate the need for
additional funding in the remaining months of FY2023. Congress is most likely to debate
supplemental appropriations in the context of Russia’s continued war in Ukraine and its global
impacts; however, unanticipated crises may also prompt Congress to consider new appropriations
legislation for FY2023.
Congressional Research Service

26

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Appendix A. SFOPS Funding by Account
Table A-1. Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations: FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
Title I. State, Broadcasting & Related
17,233.05
18,038.68
18,632.45
18,016.23
18,243.83
17,541.42
-5.9%
-2.8%
Agencies TOTAL
(4,201.42)
(825.20)
(55.00)
(15.00)
(152.55)
Administration of Foreign Affairs, Subtotal
12,891.92
13,386.31
13,236.51
13,092.94
13,158.57
13,115.95
-0.9%
-2.0%
(3,399.19)
(800.20)
(15.00)
(152.55)
Diplomatic Programs
8,963.14
9,538.09
9,692.80
9,637.71
9,652.80
9,610.21
-0.9%
+0.8%
(2,070.00)
(359.30)
(55.00)
(15.00)
(147.05)
of which Worldwide Security Protection
3,903.60
3,788.20
3,813.71
3,813.71
3,814.82
3,813.71
0.0%
+0.7%
(2,226.12)
Consular and Border Security Programs
300.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
(300.00)
Capital Investment Fund
250.00
310.00
470.18
350.00
389.00
389.00
-17.3%
+25.5%
(10.00)
Office of Inspector General
145.73
139.46
133.70
133.70
133.70
139.20
+4.1%
-0.2%
(54.90)
(8.00)
(5.50)
Educational & Cultural Exchanges
740.30
753.00
741.30
773.00
781.54
777.50
+4.9%
+3.3%
Representation Expenses
7.42
7.42
7.42
7.42
7.42
7.42
0.0%
0.0%
Protection of Foreign Missions & Officials
30.89
30.89
30.89
30.89
30.89
30.89
0.0%
0.0%
Embassy Security, Construction & Maintenance
1,950.45
2,093.15
1,957.82
1,957.82
1,957.82
1,957.82
0.0%
-6.5%
(824.29)
(110.00)
of which Worldwide Security Upgrades
1,181.39
1,132.43
1,055.21
1,055.21
1,055.21
1,055.21
0.0%
-6.8%
(824.29)
Emergencies in the Diplomatic & Consular
157.89
320.79
8.89
8.89
8.89
8.89
0.0%
-97.2%
Services
(312.90)
Repatriation Loans Program
2.50
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
0.0%
0.0%
CRS-27

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% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
Payment to the American Institute in Taiwan
31.96
32.58
32.58
32.58
35.58
34.08
+4.6%
+4.6%
International Chancery Center
2.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.0%
0.0%
Sudan Claims
150.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
(150.00)
Foreign Service Retirement (mandatory)
158.90
158.90
158.90
158.90
158.90
158.90
0.0%
0.0%
International Organizations, Subtotal
2,962.14
3,161.54
3,985.47
3,457.24
3,566.44
2,919.92
-26.7%
-7.6%
(802.23)
Contributions to International Organizations
1,505.93
1,662.93
1,658.24
1,659.74
1,604.21
1,438.00
-13.3%
-13.5%
(96.24)
Contributions to International Peacekeeping
1,456.21
1,498.61
2,327.24
1,797.50
1,962.24
1,481.92
-36.3%
-1.1%
(705.99)
International Commissions, Subtotal (Function
176.62
180.85
168.71
182.05
189.89
192.89
+14.3%
+6.7%
300)
International Boundary/U.S. Mexico
98.77
103.00
101.74
103.00
110.97
110.97
+9.1%
+7.7%
American Sections
15.01
15.01
13.20
16.20
13.20
16.20
+22.7%
+8.0%
International Fisheries
62.85
62.85
53.77
62.85
65.72
65.72
+22.2%
+4.6%
Agency for Global Media, Subtotal
802.96
885.00
840.00
862.00
887.42
884.70
+5.3%
0.0%
(25.00)
Broadcasting Operations
793.26
875.30
830.30
852.30
877.72
875.00
+5.4%
0.0%
(25.00)
Capital Improvements
9.70
9.70
9.70
9.70
9.70
9.70
0.0%
0.0%
Related Programs, Subtotal
385.12
410.67
387.39
407.47
428.14
414.44
+7.0%
+0.9%
Asia Foundation
20.00
21.50
20.00
22.00
22.00
22.00
+10.0%
+2.3%
U.S. Institute of Peace
45.00
54.00
47.25
54.00
55.00
55.00
+16.4%
+1.9%
Center for Middle East-West Dialogue
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.0%
-1.7%
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship
0.09
0.17
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.0%
+2.9%
Israeli-Arab Scholarship
0.12
0.12
0.09
0.12
0.09
0.09
0.0%
-23.5%
East-West Center
19.70
19.70
19.70
21.00
25.70
22.00
+11.7%
+11.7%
National Endowment for Democracy
300.00
315.00
300.00
310.00
325.00
315.00
+5.0%
0.0%
CRS-28

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% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
Other Commissions, Subtotal
14.30
14.30
14.36
14.53
13.37
13.53
-5.8%
-5.4%
Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad
0.64
0.64
0.66
0.82
0.67
0.82
+25.0%
+27.6%
International Religious Freedom
4.50
4.50
4.50
4.50
3.50
3.50
-22.2%
-22.2%
Security & Cooperation in Europe
2.91
2.91
2.91
2.91
2.91
2.91
0.0%
0.0%
Cong.-Exec. on People’s Republic of China
2.25
2.25
2.30
2.30
2.30
2.30
0.0%
+2.2%
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
0.0%
0.0%
Foreign Operations, TOTAL
54,726.24
69,318.30
71,968.73
47,162.67
52,855.07
64,042.48
-11.0%
-7.6%
(19,733.58) (28,369.10) (24,545.00)

(5,935.00) (20,912.45)
Title II. Administration of Foreign Assistance
1,752/45
2,021.15
2,162.95
2,087.35
2,132.08
2,095.95
-3.1%
+3.7%
(41.00)
(47.00)
(50.00)
(35.00)
(13.00)
USAID Operating Expenses
1,418.75
1,677.95
1,793.35
1,743.35
1,778.35
1,748.35
-2.5%
+4.2%
(41.00)
(42.00)
(50.00)
(35.00)
(5.00)
USAID Capital Investment Fund
258.20
258.20
289.10
263.50
273.23
259.10
-10.4%
+0.3%
USAID Inspector General
75.50
85.00
80.50
80.50
80.50
88.50
+9.9%
+4.1%
(5.00)
(8.00)
Title III. Bilateral Assistance
41,083.95
49,869.54
54,723.24
30,866.19
36,344.81
48,946.60
-10.6%
-1.9%
(18,210.46) (22,492.10) (23,590.00)
(5,900.00) (20,339.45)
Global Health Programs
13,195.95
9,830.00
12,171.00
10,976.50
16,334.50
10,560.95
-13.2%
+7.4%
(4,000.00)
(1,595.00)
(5,825.00)
of which USAID
7,265.95
3,880.00
3,956.00
4,581.50
9,414.50
4,165.95
+5.3%
+7.4%
(4,000)
(5,275.00)
of which State
5,930.00
5,950.00
6,620.00
6,395.00
6,920.00
6,395.00
-3.4%
+7.5%
(550.00)
Global Health Programs (mandatory, non-add)
n/a
n/a
6,500.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Development Assistance
3,500.00
4,140.49
4,769.79
4,769.79
4,753.40
4,368.61
-8.4%
+5.5%
International Disaster Assistance
4,395.36
11,303.46
4,949.36
4,395.00
4,480.46
4,843.36
-2.1%
-57.2%
(1,914.04)
(7,398.00)
(250.00)
(937.90)
Transition Initiatives
92.04
200.00
152.00
93.00
102.00
130.00
-14.5%
-35.0%
(120.00)
(50.00)
(50.00)
Complex Crisis Fund
30.00
60.00
40.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
+50.0%
0.0%
CRS-29

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% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
Economic Support Fund
12,526.96
13,512.00
25,567.46
4,128.27
4,122.46
21,767.80
-14.9%
+61.1%
(9,375.00)
(9,413.00) (21,445.00)
(17,466.50)
Democracy Fund
290.70
340.70
290.70
345.70
367.20
355.70
+22.4%
+4.4%
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia & Central Asia
770.33
1,620.00
984.43
850.33
850.00
850.33
-13.6%
-47.5%
(1,120.00)
(350.00)
Migration & Refugee Assistance
4,032.00
5,077.19
4,162.00
3,700.00
3,712.19
4,447.24
+6.9%
-12.4%
(2,301.42)
(2,165.00)
(250.00)
(75.00)
(1,535.05)
Emergency Refugee & Migration Assistance
500.10
2,276.20
100.00
0.10
0.10
0.10
-99.9%
-100.0%
(500.00)
(2,276.10)
Independent Agencies, Subtotal
1,393.50
1,404.50
1,431.50
1,437.50
1,452.50
1,452.50
+1.5%
+3.4%
Peace Corps
410.50
410.50
430.50
430.50
430.50
430.50
0.0%
+4.9%
Mil ennium Challenge Corporation
912.00
912.00
930.00
915.00
930.00
930.00
0.0%
+2.0%
Inter-American Foundation
38.00
42.00
38.00
47.00
47.00
47.00
+23.7%
+11.9%
U.S. Africa Development Foundation
33.00
40.00
33.00
45.00
45.00
45.00
+36.4%
+12.5%
Dept. of the Treasury, Subtotal
357.00
105.00
105.00
110.00
110.00
110.00
+4.8%
+4.8%
(120.00)
International Affairs Technical Assistance
33.00
38.00
38.00
38.00
38.00
38.00
0.0%
0.0%
Treasury Debt Restructuring
324.00
67.00
67.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
-22.4%
-22.4%
(120.00)
Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Conservation
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
n/a
n/a
Title IV. International Security Assistance
9,004.03
14,079.35
9,904.78
20.00
8,862.86
9,498.73
-4.1%
-32.5%
(902.12)
(5,180.00)
(905.00)
(560.00)
International Narcotics Control & Law
1,385.57
1,821.00
1,766.00
8,996.98
1,473.80
1,766.00
0.0%
-3.0%
Enforcement
(430.00)
(300.00)
(375.00)
Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining
889.25
1,000.00
1,005.25
1,450.00
961.55
1,026.00
+2.1%
+2.6%
(100.00)
(105.00)
(105.00)
Peacekeeping Operations
440.76
455.00
463.56
920.25
452.06
460.76
-0.6%
+1.3%
(325.21)
International Military Education & Training
112.93
112.93
112.93
460.76
112.93
112.93
0.0%
0.0%
CRS-30

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% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
Foreign Military Financing
6,175.52
10,690.42
6,557.05
112.93
5,862.53
6,133.05
-6.5%
-42.6%
(576.91)
(4,650.00)
(500.00)
(80.00)
Title V. Multilateral Assistance
2,620.82
3,024.46
4,726.72
4,671.51
4,755.52
2,763.12
-41.5%
-8.6%
(580.00)
(650.00)
International Organizations & Programs
967.50
423.00
457.20
592.00
481.00
508.60
+11.2%
+20.2%
(580.00)
Int'l Bank for Reconstruction & Development
206.50
206.50
206.50
206.50
206.50
206.50
0.0%
0.0%
Global Environment Facility
139.58
149.29
150.20
150.20
150.20
150.20
0.0%
+0.6%
International Development Association
1,001.40
1,001.40
1,430.26
1,430.26
1,430.26
1,430.26
0.0%
+42.8%
Asian Development Fund
47.40
53.32
43.61
43.61
43.61
43.61
0.0%
-18.2%
African Development Bank
54.65
54.65
54.65
54.65
54.65
54.65
0.0%
0.0%
African Development Fund
171.30
211.30
171.30
171.30
171.30
171.30
0.0%
-18.9%
Green Climate Fund
n/a
n/a
1,600.00
1,600.00
1,600.00
n/a
-100.0%
n/a
Climate Investment Funds
n/a
n/a
550.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
-100.0%
n/a
Clean Technology Fund
n/a
125.00
0.00
350.00
550.00
125.00
n/a
0.0%
International Monetary Fund
n/a
102.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
0.0%
-80.4%
International Fund for Agricultural Development
32.50
43.00
43.00
43.00
43.00
43.00
0.0%
0.0%
Global Agriculture & Food Security Program
2,620.82
155.00
0.00
10.00
5.00
10.00
n/a
-93.5%
European Bank for Reconstruction and
n/a
500.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-100.0%
Development
Title VI. Export Assistance
264.99
323.80
451.05
540.63
759.80
738.08
+63.6%
+127.9%
Export-Import Bank (net)
54.80
-74.50
-202.09
47.50
68.30
57.50
-128.5%
-177.2%
U.S. Development Finance Corporation (net.)
130.69
318.80
555.13
406.13
593.50
593.58
+6.9%
+86.2%
Trade and Development Agency
79.50
79.50
98.00
87.00
98.00
87.00
-11.2%
+9.4%
SFOPS Total
71,959.29
87,356.98
90,601.18
65,178.90
71,098.90
81,583.90
-10.0%
-6.6%
(23,935.00) (29,194.30) (24,600.00)
(5,950.00) (21,065.00)
Rescissions, net
-580.53
-1,903.78
-65.00
-445.00
-430.00
-667.00
+926.2%
-65.0%
(-425.12)
CRS-31

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% Change
% Change
FY2022
FY2023
Total
Total Req. Enact. to
FY2023
to FY2023
FY2023
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
Senate
FY2023
Total
Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Introducedd
Enactede
Enact.
Enact.
SFOPS Total, Net of Rescissions
71,378.76
85,453.20
90,536.18
64,733.90
70,668.90
80,916.90
-10.6%
-5.3%
(23,509.88) (29,194.30) (24,600.00)
(5,950.00) (21,065.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023 and supplemental requests; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; S. 4662; P.L.
117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the
American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental
funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128).
c. Includes supplemental funding proposed by the Administration on September 2 and November 15, 2022, to address the war in Ukraine, COVID-19 pandemic, and
monkeypox virus abroad. Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022; Letter from OMB Director
Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-
COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf.
d. Titles VIII and IX of S. 4662 would include a total of $5.95 bil ion in emergency supplemental funds “to support global pandemic preparedness and health security,
and for the global COVID-19 response.” Senate Committee on Appropriations, “Summary State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Fiscal Year 2023
Appropriations Bil , Chairman’s Mark,” press release, July 28, 2022.
e. Includes supplemental funding provided in Division M of the Consolidate Appropriations Act, 2023, and $4.5 bil ion in FY2023 SFOPS funds in the Ukraine
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, included in a continuing resolution (Division B of P.L. 117-180).

CRS-32

Appendix B. Emergency Supplemental Funds
Table B-1. Emergency Supplemental Funds, FY2021-FY2023 Enacted
(In millions of current U.S. dollars)
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
P.L. 117-
P.L. 117-
P.L. 117-180
P.L. 117-
P.L. 116-
P.L. 117-2,
103, Div. N
128, Title V
Div. B
328, Div. M
260, Div. K,
Title X
P.L. 117-31,
P.L. 117-43,
P.L. 117-70,
(FY2022
(FY2022
(FY2023
(FY2023

Title IX
(ARPA)
Title IV
Div. C
Div. B
USAA)
AUSAA)
USAA)
AUSAA)
Diplomatic Programs

204.00

44.30
125.00
190.00

147.05
Capital Investment Fund

10.00

Consular & Border Security
300.00

Programs
Emergencies in the Diplomatic &

276.90
36.00

Consular Services
Office of Inspector General

4.00
4.00

5.50
Embassy Security, Construction and

110.00

Maintenance
Sudan Claims
150.00

International Broadcasting

25.00

Operations
Total, State, Broadcasting & Related
450.00
204.00
—
276.90
80.30
154.00
314.00

152.55
Agencies
USAID Operating Expenses

41.00

25.00
17.00

5.00
USAID Office of Inspector General

4.00
1.00

8.00
Global Health Programs
4,000.00

International Disaster Assistance

400.00

2,650.00
4,348.00

937.00
Transition Initiatives

120.00

50.00
CRS-33

FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
P.L. 117-
P.L. 117-
P.L. 117-180
P.L. 117-
P.L. 116-
P.L. 117-2,
103, Div. N
128, Title V
Div. B
328, Div. M
260, Div. K,
Title X
P.L. 117-31,
P.L. 117-43,
P.L. 117-70,
(FY2022
(FY2022
(FY2023
(FY2023

Title IX
(ARPA)
Title IV
Div. C
Div. B
USAA)
AUSAA)
USAA)
AUSAA)
Economic Support Fund
700.00
8,675.00

647.00
8,766.00
4,500.00
12,966.50
Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and

1,120.00

350.00
Central Asia
Migration & Refugee Assistance

500.00
100.00
415.00

1,400.00
350.00

1,535.05
Emergency Refugee & Migration

500.00
1,076.10
1,200.00

Assistance
Dept. of the Treasury Debt
120.00

Restructuring
Int’l Organizations & Programs

580.00

Int’l Narcotics Control & Law

30.00
400.00

375.00
Enforcement
Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism,

100.00

105.00
Demining and Related Programs
Foreign Military Financing

650.00
4,000.00

80.00
European Bank for Reconstruction &

500.00

Development
Global Agriculture and Food Security

150.00

Program
Total Foreign Operations
4,820.00
9,796.00
600.00
1,819.10
1,200.00
6,646.00
18,632.00
4,500.00
16,412.45
SFOPS Total
5,270.00
10,000.00
600.00
2,168.00
1,280.30
6,800.00
18,946.00
4,500.00
16,565.00
Sources: P.L. 116-260; P.L. 117-2; P.L. 117-31; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; P.L. 117-180; P.L. 117-328.
Notes: USAA = Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act; AUSAA = Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022. Because OCO-designated funding was
largely indistinguishable from base (also referred to as enduring) funding in FY2021, it is not included in this table. For more on SFOPS supplemental funds for Ukraine,
see CRS Report R47275, Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) Supplemental Funding for Ukraine: In Brief, by Emily M. McCabe.

CRS-34

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix C. International Affairs Budget
The International Affairs budget, or Function 150, includes funding that is not in the Department
of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriation; in particular,
international food assistance programs (Food for Peace Act, Title II (FFP) and McGovern-Dole
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition programs) are in the Agriculture
Appropriations, and the Foreign Claim Settlement Commission and the International Trade
Commission are in the Commerce, Justice, Science appropriations. In addition, the SFOPS
appropriation measure includes funding for certain international commissions that are not part of
the International Affairs Function 150 account.

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35

link to page 41 link to page 41 link to page 41 link to page 41
Table C-1. International Affairs Budget: FY2021-FY2023
(In millions of current U.S. dollars; numbers in parentheses are the portion of the account totals designated as OCO or emergency funds)
% Change
% Change
FY2023 Total
FY2022 Total
Req. to
Enact. to
FY2021
FY2022
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023
FY2023 Total
FY2023 Total

Actuala
Enactedb
Requestc
House
Enactedd
Enact.
Enact.
State-Foreign Operations,
71,202.14
85,272.35
90,367.48
64,551.85
80,724.01
-10.7%
-5.3%
excluding Commissions
(23,509.88)
(29,194.30)
(24,600.00)
(21,065.00)
Commerce-Science-Justice
105.37
112.43
109.32
124.90
124.90
+14.3%
+11.1%
Foreign Claims Settlement
2.37
2.43
2.50
2.50
2.50
+0.2%
+2.9%
Commission
Int’l Trade Commission
103.00
110.00
106.82
122.40
122.40
+14.6%
+11.3%
Agriculture
2,770.00
2,077.00
1,970.11
2,065.00
2,048.33
+4.0%
-1.4%
(800.00)
(100.00)
(55.00)
Food for Peace Act, Title II
2,540.00
1,840.00
1,740.00
1,800.00
1,800.00
+3.5%
-2.2%
(800.00)
(100.00)
(50.00)
McGovern-Dole
230.00
237.00
230.11
265.00
248.33
+7.9%
+4.8%
(5.00)
Total International Affairs (150)
74,077.50
87,461.78
92,446.91
66,741.75
82,724.01
-10.3%
-5.2%
(24,309.88)
(29,294.30)
(24,600.00)
(21,065.00)
Sources: SFOPS Congressional Budget Justification for FY2023 and supplemental requests; P.L. 117-43; P.L. 117-70; P.L. 117-103; P.L. 117-128; H.R. 8282; P.L. 117-180;
P.L. 117-328.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are amounts designated as Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) or supplemental emergency funding and are subsumed in the larger
account number above them. Numbers may not add due to rounding.
a. Totals include base, OCO, and Title IX emergency supplemental funds from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116-260), emergency funding from the
American Rescue Plan Act (P.L. 117-2), and emergency supplemental funds from P.L. 117-31.
b. Totals include base and emergency supplemental appropriations from the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, (P.L. 117-103) and emergency supplemental
funding from both the FY2022 Extending Funding and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43), the FY2022 Further Extending Government Funding Act (P.L. 117-
70), and the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (AUSAA, P.L. 117-128).
c. Includes supplemental funding proposed by the Administration on September 2 and November 15, 2022, to address the war in Ukraine, COVID-19 pandemic, and
monkeypox virus abroad. Office of Management and Budget, FY 2023 Continuing Resolution (CR) Appropriations Issues, September 2, 2022; Letter from OMB Director
Shalanda Young to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FY-2023-Supplemental-funding-request-for-
COVID-19-and-Ukraine.pdf.
d. Includes supplemental funding provided in Division M of the Consolidate Appropriations Act, 2023.
CRS-36

SFOPS: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations

Appendix D. International Affairs Components
Figure D-1. International Affairs Components

Source: Created by CRS.

Author Information

Emily M. McCabe
Cory R. Gill
Analyst in Foreign Assistance and Foreign Policy
Analyst in Foreign Affairs

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
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under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
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Congressional Research Service
R47070 · VERSION 11 · UPDATED
37