Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2022

Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2022

Transportation, Housing and Urban
June 30, 2022
Development, and Related Agencies
Maggie McCarty
(THUD) Appropriations for FY2022
Specialist in Housing Policy

The respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
David Randall Peterman
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual
Analyst in Transportation
appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and
Policy
Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.

President Biden’s FY2022 budget proposed increasing discretionary funding for THUD agencies

by 10% (+$7.5 billion) from FY2021 levels. The bulk of that increase in funding was directed to
HUD (+$7.1 billion), primarily for increased funding for HUD rental assistance programs (+$6.1 billion).
On July 20, 2021, the House Appropriations Committee reported its version of a THUD appropriations bill (H.R. 4550;
H.Rept. 117-99). It included a larger increase in funding for THUD agencies than the President’s budget request (+11.5%;
+$8.7 billion over FY2021). It proposed a larger increase for DOT (+7.3% over FY2021) than the President had requested
(+1.6%). The text of the House Appropriations Committee-reported THUD bill was included as Division G in a broader
appropriations measure, H.R. 4502, which combined the text of several appropriations bills, and was passed by the House on
July 29.
While the Senate never formally considered its own FY2022 THUD legislation, on October 18, 2021, Senator Leahy, Chair
of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority draft of the THUD bill and accompanying draft report language.
According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was to further negotiations toward enacting final full-year appropriations.
Less than a week later, on October 21, 2021, THUD Subcommittee Chair Schatz introduced S. 3045, the Transportation,
Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2022, which appeared to be identical to the
draft text released by the full committee chair.
On November 15, 2021, Congress passed H.R. 3684 (P.L. 117-59), the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA,
commonly referred to as the bipartisan infrastructure bill or bipartisan infrastructure act). Divisions A-C of this bill included
authorizations for surface transportation programs, and Division J provided $184.1 billion in a supplemental FY2022 DOT
appropriations bill (as well as supplemental appropriations for many other federal agencies); this mandatory funding was
divided into five roughly equal portions, to be made available in each fiscal year between FY2022 and FY2026.
Since final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2021, a series of
continuing resolutions were enacted to maintain government operations. On March 9, 2022, the House, followed by the
Senate the next day, passed H.R. 2471, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022; it was signed into law on March 15, 2022
(P.L. 117-103). Division L contains the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2022. In total, it provided $81 billion in discretionary funding for THUD agencies in FY2022, an
increase of 8% over FY2021. It also made available $76 billion in mandatory funding for DOT, an increase of 24% over
FY2021, for a total of $157 billion in non-emergency funding for THUD agencies. DOT received $102.9 billion (18.7% over
FY2021), and HUD received $53.7 billion.
In addition, DOT is slated to receive $39.5 billion in emergency budget authority for FY2022 from the IIJA Division J
supplemental, for a total net new budget authority of $142.5 billion for FY2022. That is down from $156.9 billion in new
budget authority in FY2021, due to DOT having received $70.2 billion in emergency funding in FY2021, mostly to help the
aviation and transit sectors endure the economic impacts of the pandemic.
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Contents
FY2022 Budget Process .................................................................................................................. 1
FY2022 THUD Appropriations Process .......................................................................................... 3
President’s Budget .................................................................................................................... 3
House Action ............................................................................................................................. 4
Senate Action ............................................................................................................................ 4
Continuing Resolutions ............................................................................................................. 4
Final Enacted Full-Year FY2022 Appropriations ...................................................................... 5
Department of Transportation.......................................................................................................... 7
Administration Budget Request ................................................................................................ 7
Agency Funding ........................................................................................................................ 7
Selected DOT Issues ................................................................................................................ 11
Authorization of Surface Transportation Programs ........................................................... 11
The RAISE Multi-modal Grant Program .......................................................................... 13
Highway Safety ................................................................................................................. 14
Passenger Rail ................................................................................................................... 14
Commercial Truck Safety ................................................................................................. 14
Department of Housing and Urban Development ......................................................................... 14
Overview ................................................................................................................................. 14
Agency Funding ................................................................................................................ 15
Status of FY2022 HUD Appropriations .................................................................................. 15
Selected FY2022 HUD Appropriations Issues ........................................................................ 19
Rental Assistance Funding ................................................................................................ 19
Formula Grants ................................................................................................................. 21
Climate Initiative .............................................................................................................. 22
THUD Related Agencies ............................................................................................................... 23
Selected Related Agencies Issues ............................................................................................ 24
NeighborWorks America................................................................................................... 24

Tables
Table 1. FY2022 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context ............................................................ 3
Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2021-FY2022...................................................... 5
Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Budget Table .......................... 8
Table 4. DOT Appropriations Provided Outside the FY2022 THUD Act that Are
Available in FY2022 .................................................................................................................. 12
Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Appropriations ................................................................................. 16
Table 6. HUD Climate Initiative Funding ..................................................................................... 22
Table 7. THUD Independent Agencies, FY2021-FY2022 ............................................................ 23

Contacts
Author Information ........................................................................................................................ 24
Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations for FY2022

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations for FY2022

he respective House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and
Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing
T annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.
Because final full-year FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year
on October 1, 2021, a series of continuing resolutions were enacted to maintain government
operations. On March 9, 2022, the House, followed by the Senate the next day, passed H.R. 2471,
the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022; it was signed into law on March 15, 2022 (P.L. 117-
103). Division L contains the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022. In total, it provided $81 billion in discretionary funding for
THUD agencies in FY2022, an increase of 8% over FY2021. It also made available $76 billion in
mandatory funding for DOT, an increase of 24% over FY2021, for a total of $157 billion in non-
emergency funding for THUD agencies. DOT received $102.9 billion (18.7% over FY2021), and
HUD received $53.7 billion.
In addition, DOT received $39.5 billion in emergency budget authority for FY2022 from the
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58) Division J supplemental, for a total net
new budget authority of $142.5 billion for FY2022. That is down from $156.9 billion in new
budget authority in FY2021, due to having received $70.2 billion in emergency funding in
FY2021, mostly to help the aviation and transit sectors endure the economic impacts of the
coronavirus epidemic.
This report describes action on FY2022 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed
tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues.
FY2022 Budget Process
Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill
happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process
generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of
congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of
spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills.
The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by
the first Monday in February. However, the FY2022 budget submission occurred during a
presidential transition year—from the presidency of Donald J. Trump to Joseph R. Biden on
January 20, 2021. Recent Presidents have not submitted detailed budget proposals until April or
May of their first year in office, although each has advised Congress regarding the general
contours of their economic and budgetary policies in special messages submitted to Congress
prior to that submission.1 This delay allows time to prepare a proposal that reflects the priorities
of the new administration. On April 9, 2021, President Biden submitted to Congress an outline of
his discretionary funding priorities for FY2022.2 This preliminary document provided early
highlights for numerous policy areas. The full budget request was submitted on May 28, almost

1 CRS Insight IN11655, Budget Submission After a Presidential Transition: Contextualizing the Biden Administration’s
FY2022 Request.
2 Office of Management and Budget (OMB), The President’s FY2022 Discretionary Request, April 9, 2021, at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fy-2022-discretionary-request/.
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four months after its due date.3 As a result, the start of annual appropriations decision-making for
FY2022 also was delayed to allow time for Congress to consider this request.
The framework for budget enforcement under the congressional budget process for the past
decade has had both statutory and procedural elements. The statutory elements have included
limits on discretionary spending established by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as amended
(BCA; P.L. 112-25). However, those discretionary spending limits extended only through
FY2021, meaning no statutory limits on discretionary spending are currently in place for FY2022.
The procedural elements of budget enforcement are primarily associated with the budget
resolution. They limit both total discretionary spending available to the Appropriations
committees (commonly referred to as “302(a) allocations”) and spending under the jurisdiction of
each appropriations subcommittee (“302(b) suballocations”).
An FY2022 budget resolution was agreed to by the House and the Senate. S.Con.Res. 14 was
adopted by the Senate on August 11, 2021, and by the House (without amendment) on August 24,
2021. To provide for 302(a) allocations associated with S.Con.Res. 14, Section 4006 of the
budget resolution provided the Chair of the Senate Budget Committee the authority to enter into
the Congressional Record allocations consistent with the levels in the budget resolution. Those
levels were filed in the Senate on September 23, 2021.4 Section 4006 provided similar authority
to the Chair of the House Budget Committee, and those allocations were filed on October 27,
2021.5 In addition, S.Con.Res. 14 allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency
requirements, and other purposes.
Earlier in 2021, the House provided for budget enforcement in the absence of a budget resolution
prior to initial floor consideration of the FY2022 appropriations measures by adopting a deeming
resolution, H.Res. 467, on June 14, 2021.6 This resolution provided for 302(a) allocations to the
House Appropriations Committee at a specified level, provided limits on advance appropriations,7
and allowed adjustments to those allocations for emergency requirements and other purposes.
Pursuant to this resolution, the Chair of the House Budget Committee, Representative Yarmuth,
published in the Congressional Record the House Appropriations Committee allocations on June
24, 2021.8 The House Appropriations Committee reported initial 302(b) suballocations for all 12
subcommittees on July 1 (H.Rept. 117-78).9 Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD
Subcommittee, compared to the comparable FY2021 enacted and President’s budget figures.

3 See https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/.
4 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 165 (September 23, 2021),
pp. S6667-S6668.
5 Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 189 (October 27, 2021), pp.
H5956-H5957.
6 For a discussion of budget enforcement through methods such as H.Res. 467, see CRS Report R44296, Deeming
Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution.
7 Advance appropriations become available for obligation one or more fiscal years after the budget year covered by the
appropriations act. The FY2022 LHHS appropriations bill generally would contain advance appropriations for FY2023
and FY2024 for certain programs and activities. For further information, see CRS Report R43482, Advance
Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding: Concepts, Practice, and Budget Process Considerations.
8 “Publication of Budgetary Material,” Congressional Record, daily edition, Vol. 167, No. 110 (June 24, 2021), p.
H3130.
9 Suballocations are commonly adjusted through the appropriations cycle to account for changing priorities. For
FY2022, the House Appropriations Committee reported revised suballocations on July 16 (H.Rept. 117-91).
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Table 1. FY2022 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context
(dollars in billions)
FY2021
President’s FY2022
House
Senate
FY2022

Enacted
Request
FY2022 302(b)
FY2022 302(b)
Enacted
THUD
74.658a
82.913
84.062
—
81.038
Totals
Source: FY2021 enacted from CBO Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2021, February 1, 2021
(https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2021-02/FY2021-House-2021-02-01.pdf); President’s FY2022 request
taken from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority, p. 306 of H.Rept. 117-99; House FY2022 302(b) from
H.Rept. 117-91. Final FY2022 figure taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement
accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9,
2022, beginning on page H3184.
a. An additional $718 mil ion provided for THUD by P.L. 116-260 was deemed an emergency requirement,
and is thus excluded for purposes of calculating the total subject to discretionary spending limits under the
BCA, as amended, and is not shown in this table.
FY2022 THUD Appropriations Process
Two factors made the FY2022 THUD appropriations process different than in most years. One
was the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The FY2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act provided
supplemental coronavirus relief funding, including $27 billion for DOT in FY2021. Additionally,
the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2) appropriated $54 billion in mandatory
COVID-19 relief and response via programs and activities typically funded in the THUD
appropriations bill. These funds affected total spending on activities normally funded by the
THUD appropriations bill, but were provided outside of the annual appropriations process, and
thus are outside the scope of this report. (For more information on ARPA funding, see Appendix
A-1 of CRS Report R46465, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2021.)
Second, the Biden Administration announced a proposed infrastructure investment package—
referred to as the American Jobs Plan—that would have provided significant additional funding
for housing and transportation programs and activities. A portion of that package was included in
the IIJA, which was enacted on November 15, 2021; Division J of the act provided supplemental
emergency appropriations for FY2022 for a number of agencies, including (in Title VIII) $36.8
billion for DOT. Other provisions from the American Jobs Plan were included in the Build Back
Better Act, which proposes nearly $150 billion in additional mandatory funding for various HUD-
administered housing programs and activities. The Build Back Better Act passed the House (H.R.
5376), but, as of the cover date of this report, had not been considered by the Senate.
These additional mandatory funds are outside of the regular annual appropriations process, and
are thus not discussed in this report. (For more information about the American Jobs Plan, see
https://www.whitehouse.gov/american-jobs-plan/.)
President’s Budget
On May 28, 2021, the President’s FY2022 budget request was released. It included an increase of
10% (+$7.5 billion) in discretionary funding for THUD agencies relative to FY2021, with HUD
proposed to receive the vast majority of that increased funding (+$7.1 billion). (For more
information about the President’s budget request for HUD, see CRS Report R46849, Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet.)
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House Action
The House Committee on Appropriations ordered reported its FY2022 THUD appropriations bill
on July 16, 2021, following subcommittee markup on July 12. The bill was reported as H.R.
4550, accompanied by H.Rept. 117-99, on July 20. It included a larger increase in funding for
THUD agencies than requested by the President (+$8.6 billion, +11.5% relative to FY2021).
The text of H.R. 4550, as reported, was included in an amended version of H.R. 4502 that
combined several other appropriations acts for House floor consideration (THUD is Division
G).10 A number of THUD-related amendments were approved before the bill was passed by the
House on July 29, 2021.
Senate Action
Senator Leahy, Chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, released a majority draft and
accompanying draft report language for each of the FY2022 appropriations bills (including
THUD) on October 18, 2021. According to the Chair, the purpose of this release was to further
negotiations toward final enactment of FY2022 full-year appropriations.11 On October 21,
Senator Schatz, Chair of the Senate Appropriations THUD Subcommittee, introduced an FY2022
THUD bill (S. 3045).This bill, which appears identical to the Chair’s draft, was referred to the
Senate Appropriations Committee, but was never considered in committee.12
Continuing Resolutions
Because final FY2022 appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year on
October 1, government spending, including for those agencies typically funded under the THUD
appropriations bill, were continued under a series of continuing resolutions (CRs). The first CR
was signed into law on September 30, 2021 (Division A of H.R. 5305; P.L. 117-43). It provided
continuing appropriations for all 12 annual appropriations acts (including THUD) through
December 3, 2021. Division B of the act provided supplemental disaster funding, including $2.7
billion for DOT and $5 billion for HUD Community Development Block Grant-Disaster
Recovery grants.
A second CR was enacted on December 3, 2021, extending the provisions of the first CR through
February 18, 2022 (Division A of H.R. 6119; P.L. 117-70). A third CR, which modified and
extended the previous CR through March 11, 2022, was signed into law on February 18, 2022
(P.L. 117-86). As Congress was considering final full year appropriations, it enacted a last CR
(H.J.Res. 75; P.L. 117-95), which extended the prior CR through March 15.

10 House Committee On Rules, “Amendment Process Announcement for LHHS, Agriculture, Energy and Water,
FSGG, Interior, Environment, MilCon/VA, and THUD Appropriations Act, 2022,” press release, July 17, 2021, at
https://rules.house.gov/news/announcement/amendment-process-announcement-lhhs-agriculture-energy-and-water-
fsgg-interior.
11 The text of the Senate majority draft THUD bill and accompanying committee report is linked to the press release,
“Chairman Leahy Releases Remaining Nine Senate Appropriations Bills,” October 18, 2021, at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-
bills. See also “Shelby: Democrats’ Partisan Bills Threaten FY22 Appropriations Process,” October 18, 2021,
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/shelby-democrats-partisan-bills-threaten-fy22-appropriations-process.
12 Because the draft figures released by the Chair may have been used for purposes of negotiations on FY2022 full-year
appropriations, they are provided in this report, although they are labeled “draft.”
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Final Enacted Full-Year FY2022 Appropriations
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (P.L. 117-103) was signed into law on March 15,
2022. It originated as a House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 2471, a bill
previously related to assistance efforts for Haiti. Specifically, on March 9, 2022, the House agreed
to a special rule (H.Res. 973) that provided for the consideration of the House amendment to the
Senate amendment, which consisted of all 12 regular appropriations acts for FY2022 (Divisions
A-L; THUD as Division L), the Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division N),
and several other matters (Divisions O-HH). Division L included $81 billion in discretionary
funding for THUD agencies, an increase of 8% over the prior year. The legislation was approved
by the House on March 9, 2022, and the Senate the following day, and signed into law March 15,
2022 (P.L. 117-103).
Return of Earmarks
In the 112th Congress (2011-2012), the House and Senate began observing what has been referred to as an
“earmark moratorium" or "earmark ban,” which was articulated in party rules and committee protocols. This ban
limited the ability to use appropriations acts for directing spending, tax, or tariff benefits to specific entities outside
of statutory or administrative formulas or competitive award processes. Prior to the instatement of the earmark
ban, accounts in both DOT’s and HUD’s budgets were frequent sources of congressionally directed spending, or
earmarks. The earmark ban was effectively lifted in the 117th Congress, although earmark disclosure requirements
adopted by both the House and the Senate during the 110th Congress remain in effect.
For a list of disclosed earmarks, see the fol owing:

the “Incorporation of Community Project Funding” table, beginning on page 167 of H.Rept. 117-99;

the “Congressionally Directed Spending Items” table, beginning on page 196 of the Senate Appropriations
Committee Chair’s draft report (available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/
THUDREPT_FINAL4.pdf); and

the “Community Project Funding/Congressionally Directed Spending” table beginning on page 3050 of the
explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the
Congressional Record on March 9, 2022.
For more information about earmark disclosure rules, see CRS Report RS22866, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the
House: Member and Committee Requirements; and CRS Report RS22867, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate:
Member and Committee Requirements.

Table 2 tracks FY2022 THUD funding at the bill title level.
Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2021-FY2022
(dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte.
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Enacted
Request
House
Draft
Enacted

Title I: DOT
86,709
87,047
105,740
90,453
102,947
Discretionary
25,317
25,728
27,175
29,127
26,946
Mandatory
61,392
61,320
78,565
61,326
76,002
Title II: HUD
49,648a
56,714
56,471
53,419
53,694
Title III: Other Independent
Agencies
388
400
416
400
398
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FY2022
Senate
Cmte.
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Enacted
Request
House
Draft
Enacted

Title IV: General Provisions
23b
—
-5c
—d
—
Total Discretionary
75,376
82,842
84,062
82,946
81,038
Total Discretionary (excluding
emergency designated
74,658e
82,842
84,062
82,946
81,038
funding)
Total Mandatory
61,392
61,320
78,565
61,326
76,002
Total
136,768
144,232
162,627
144,272
157,040
Emergency Appropriations
(discretionary)
27,718f
—
—
—
7,700g
Emergency Appropriations
(mandatory)
54,040h
—
—
—
36,836i
Source: FY2021 enacted, FY2022 President’s Request and FY2022 House figures are taken from Comparative
Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on page 288 of H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft figures
taken from Comparative Statement of Budget Authority table, beginning on p. 225 of the Senate Appropriations
Committee Chair’s draft report, available at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/
THUDREPT_FINAL4.pdf; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory
statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on
March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184.
Notes: Totals may not add or exactly match source materials due to rounding. The totals include both
discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT
that is not included in the bil ’s discretionary budget authority figure).
a. Of this amount, $695 mil ion for the tenant-based rental assistance account was designated as being for an
emergency requirement by Section 420 of Division L.
b. This additional amount for Essential Air Services under DOT was provided in Section 421 of Division L,
instead of Title I, and was designated as being for an emergency requirement.
c. This rescission from “the unobligated balances from amounts made available under the heading ‘Maritime
Administration—Maritime Security Program’ in any prior Act” was added as part of H.Amdt. 79 to H.R.
4502.
d. While Title IV of the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft bil does not include any
appropriations of funding, Section 419 does contain a reauthorization of the HUD housing programs
authorized under the Native American Housing and Self-Determination Act (NAHASDA) through FY2023.
The draft also contains a Title V, which is text of the Reforming Disaster Recovery Act, to authorize the use
of Community Development Block Grants for disaster recovery.
e. As noted in Table Notes b and c, $718 mil ion of the total provided for THUD was deemed an emergency
requirement and was thus excluded from the total for purposes of calculating the total subject to
discretionary spending limits under the BCA, as amended.
f.
Of this amount, $27 bil ion is for coronavirus-related supplemental emergency funding for DOT, as
provided in Division M of P.L. 116-260. The remaining $718 mil ion is designated “emergency” for budget
enforcement purposes, as described in Table Notes b-c, but is not related to COVID-19.
g. Reflects FY2022 disaster relief supplemental funds provided to DOT and HUD by Division B, Title VII of the
Extending Funding and Delivery Emergency Assistance Act, 2021 (P.L. 117-43).
h. Provided in Titles III, VII, and XI of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to
coronavirus.” This legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding
provided in this act is classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing
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discretionary appropriations. See CRS Insight IN11641, Housing Funding in the American Rescue Plan Act of
2021, by Katie Jones, Maggie McCarty, and Libby Perl for details on the HUD portion of the funding.
i.
FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division J, Title VIII of the Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation, and thus the appropriations are
categorized as emergency mandatory funding. The actual total appropriated in FY2022 is $184.1 bil ion;
Congress divided that total into five roughly equal portions to be made available in each of fiscal years 2022
through 2026, and $36,836 bil ion is the amount available in FY2022.
Department of Transportation
The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for
surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the
programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways
Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and
increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust
Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general
fund money.
The appearance of COVID-19 in the United States in the spring of 2020 disrupted the finances of
airlines and transit agencies. Airline and transit patronage dropped to a fraction of its usual level,
as did passenger fare revenues. This was due not only to the impact of the pandemic on the
economy, but also to public concern about the risk of transmission of the virus in the confined
spaces of airplanes and transit vehicles.
Administration Budget Request
The Administration’s FY2022 budget requested nearly the same amount of funding (less than 1%
increase) for DOT as it received through the FY2021 appropriations process. Within that nearly
level funding, the notable variations in funding requested compared to FY2021 appropriations
include
 Federal Highway Administration: a 4% (+$2 billion) decrease in discretionary
funding;
 Federal Railroad Administration: a 72% (+$418 million) increase in funding for
rail grants programs, including a new Passenger Rail Improvement,
Modernization, and Expansion (PRIME) program;
 Amtrak: a 35% (+$700 million) increase in funding for grants to Amtrak; and
 Federal Transit Administration: a 23% (+$460 million) increase in funding for
capital investment grants (including New Starts and Small Starts projects).
Agency Funding
The House Appropriations Committee recommended $105.7 billion for DOT, a 22% (+$19
billion) increase over the FY2021 enacted amount of $86.709 billion (which was virtually the
same as the FY2020 enacted amount). Every agency within the department was to receive an
increase compared with FY2021. The Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft proposed a
4.3% ($3.7 billion) increase over FY2021. The final bill provided a 19% ($16 billion) increase
over FY2021, more than the request or Senate proposal, but less than recommended by the
House. Details can be found in Table 3.
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Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Budget Table
(dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
Department of Transportation
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Selected Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Office of the Secretary (OST)
National Infrastructure Investment
1,000
1,000
1,200
1,090
775
(BUILD/TIGER)
Thriving Communities
—
110
100
—
25
Cyber Security Initiatives
22
39
39
39
39
Payments to Air Carriers (Essential Air
142
248
248
318
350
Service)a
Transportation Demonstration Program
100
—
—
—
—
Electric Vehicle Fleet
—
11
11
11
—
Building Resilient Infrastructure Through
—
—
—
300
—
Innovative Solutions
Safe and Accessible Roadways for All
—
—
—
50
—
RRIF Cohort 3 Modifications Cost
—
—
—
10
10
All other accounts
183
190
206
245
248
Total, OST
1,443
1,634
1,847
2,063
1,447
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Operations
11,002
11,434
11,434
11,434
11,414
Facilities & Equipment
3,015
3,410
3,416
3,200
2,893
Research, Engineering, & Development
198
259
261
259
249
Grants-in-aid for Airports (Airport
3,350
3,350
3,350
3,350
3,350
Improvement Program) (Limitation on
obligations)
Grants-in-aid for Airports (General Fund)
400
—
400
603
554
Total, FAA
17,965
18,453
18,861
18,846
18,460
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Federal-Aid Highways (limitation on
47,104
47,104
61,882
47,104
58,212
obligations + exempt contract authority)
Highway Infrastructure Programs (General
2,000
—
592
2,840
2,445
Fund)
Total, FHWA
49,104
47,104
62,474
49,944
60,657
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and
328
288
380
288
360
Programs
Motor Carrier Safety Grants to States
390
388
506
394
496
Total, FMCSA
748
676
886
682
856
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FY2022
Senate
Cmte
Department of Transportation
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Selected Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Operations and Research
349
401
426
376
393
Highway Traffic Safety Grants to states
623
623
855
623
774
(limitation on obligations)
Impaired Driving
17
—
7
—
—
Total, NHTSA
989
1,024
1,289
999
1,167
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
Safety and Operations
235
248
248
243
241
Railroad Research and Development
41
59
54
41
43
Passenger Rail Improvement,
—
625
625
—
—
Modernization, and Expansion
Federal-state Partnership for State of
200
—
—
220
100
Good Repair
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and
375
375
500
523
625
Safety Improvements
Magnetic Levitation Program
2
—
5
—
—
Restoration and Enhancement grants
5
—
—
2
—
Amtrak

Northeast Corridor grants
700
1,300
1,200
969
875
National Network
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,731
1,457
Subtotal, Amtrak grants
2,000
2,700
2,700
2,700
2,331
Rescission
—
—
-15
-15
-15
Total, FRA
2,821
4,007
4,116
3,714
3,325
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Administrative Expenses
121
132
133
132
—
Formula Grants (mandatory)
10,150
10,150
12,150
10,150
13,355
Transit Infrastructure Grants
516
550
580
757
504
Transit Research
—
30
—
18
—
Technical Assistance and Training
8
8
8
8
8
Capital Investment Grants (New Starts)
2,014
2,473
2,473
2,248
2,248
Grants to Washington Metropolitan Area
150
150
150
150
150
Transit Authority
Rescission
-2
—
-7
-7
-7
Total, FTA
12,957
13,492
15,487
13,456
16,258
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
38
38
40
38
38
Corporation
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FY2022
Senate
Cmte
Department of Transportation
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Selected Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Maritime Security Program
314
318
318
318
318
Cable Security Fleet
10
—
10
10
10
Tanker Security Program
—
60
60
60
60
Operations and Training
156
172
171
172
172
State Maritime Academy Operations
433
358
363
433
423
Assistance to Small Shipyards
20
20
20
20
20
Ship Disposal
4
10
8
10
10
Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program
3
3
3
3
3
Port Infrastructure Development Program
230
230
300
240
234
Total, MARAD
1,170
1,130
1,253
1,225
1,251
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Subtotal
260
282
278
279
279
Emergency Preparedness Grants
28
—
28
28
28
(mandatory)
Offsetting user fees
-145
-155
-155
-155
-155
Total, PHMSA
288
282
306
307
307
Office of Inspector General
98
103
103
103
103
DOT Totals
Appropriation (discretionary funding)
25,696
25,770
27,196
29,191
26,967
Limitations on obligations (mandatory)
61,392
61,320
78,565
61,326
76,002
Subtotal—new funding
87,088
87,089
105,762
90,517
102,969

Rescissions
-379
-42
-22
-64
-22
Net new discretionary funding
25,317
25,728
27,175
29,127
26,946
Net new budget authority
86,709
87,047
105,740
90,453
102,947
Supplemental emergency funding
27,000b
—
—
—
39,536c
Additional appropriations (mandatory)
43,170d
—
—
—
—
Net new budget authority
156,879
87,047
105,740
90,453
142,483
(incl. emergency)
Sources: Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority, pp. 264-273 in H.Rept. 117-99 accompanying H.R.
4550; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-
appropriations-bil s; House Committee Print 47-047/47-048, the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Book
II, Div. L, Table of New Budget Authority, pp. 2763-2772 and 2781-2794.
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding.
a. In addition to its appropriation, the Essential Air Service program receives funding from overflight fees. For
FY2021, those fees were expected to provide an additional $153 mil ion to the program, and the CARES
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Act (Division M of P.L. 116-260 ) provided an additional $23 mil ion, for a total of $338 mil ion. Due to the
pandemic’s effects on aviation the FY2022 estimate for overflight fees is down to $116 mil ion; the
proposed increased appropriation would provide a total of $364 mil ion for the program.
b. Provided in the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division M of P.L.
116-260).
c. FY2022 supplemental funds provided to DOT by Division B of P.L. 117-43 and Division J, Title VIII of the
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58), which was passed via budget reconciliation and
thus the appropriations are categorized as emergency mandatory funding. Title VIII appropriated a total of
$184.1 bil ion for DOT in FY2022, but divided that total into five equal portions, to be made available to
DOT annually over the period FY2022-FY2026; $39,536 bil ion is the amount available in FY2022.
d. Provided in Title VII of ARPA (P.L. 117-2) to “prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.” This
legislation was enacted through the budget reconciliation process; as a result, funding provided in this act is
classified as mandatory spending, and does not appear in accounts showing discretionary appropriations.
Selected DOT Issues
Authorization of Surface Transportation Programs
Funding authorizations for the federal highway, transit, and passenger rail programs13 were
scheduled to expire at the end of FY2020, and were extended at the FY2020 levels through
FY2021, then through FY2022. The Administration requested funding for FY2022 based on those
levels. The House Committee on Appropriations recommended increased funding based on levels
proposed in pending surface transportation reauthorization legislation, the INVEST in America
Act (H.R. 3684, passed by the House on July 1, 2021). The House had recommended similar
levels of funding for surface transportation programs in FY2021 based on reauthorization
legislation introduced in the 116th Congress; that reauthorization legislation was not enacted, and
the final FY2021 funding levels for surface transportation programs were in line with those in
FY2020.
The Senate passed its version of H.R. 3684, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA),
commonly referred to as the “bipartisan infrastructure bill” (and, after enactment, the “bipartisan
infrastructure law” or BIL) on August 10, 2021, as Senate Amendment 2137. Divisions A-C of
the bill contained the text of surface transportation reauthorization legislation that differed from
that passed by the House. Title VIII of Division J of the bill provided supplemental appropriations
for many DOT programs. In the House, passage of the Senate version of the bill was for a time
made contingent on Senate passage of a budget reconciliation bill still in process that would
provide significant funding for social programs, but on November 5, 2021, the House passed the
Senate version of H.R. 3684, and it was signed into law on November 15, 2021 (P.L. 117-58).
The supplemental appropriations provided for several DOT programs in Title VIII of Division J
that were appropriated in FY2022 but were divided into portions made available over the
authorization period for DOT programs in Divisions A-C (FY2022-FY2026). The total amount
provided in Title VIII of Division J was $184.1 billion, apportioned at $36.8 billion for each of
FY2022-FY2026. That $36.8 billion in supplemental funding represented slightly over one-third
of the total amount provided for DOT in the THUD FY2022 appropriations act. Table 4 shows
the distribution of the supplemental funding that is available to DOT during FY2022.

13 The authorizations were included in the Fixing American’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, P.L. 114-94.
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Table 4. DOT Appropriations Provided Outside the FY2022 THUD Act that Are
Available in FY2022
(dollars in millions)
Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43)
Division B: Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022
FAA Facilities and Equipment
$100.0
FHWA Emergency Relief Program
2,600.0
Total DOT
2,700.0
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)
Division J: Appropriations

DOT: Office of the Secretary (OST)

National Infrastructure Investments
2,500.0
Safe Streets and Roads for All grants
1,000.0
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration grants
200.0
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program
100.0
Total OST
3,800.0
DOT: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Facilities and Equipment
1,000.0
Airport Infrastructure Grants
3,000.0
Airport Terminal Program
1,000.0
Total FAA
5,000.0
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

Highway Infrastructure Program
9,454.4
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Program
10.0
Motor Carrier Safety Grants
124.5
Total FMCSA
134.5
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Crash Data
150.0
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs
109.7
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs
62.0
Total, NHTSA
321.7
Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements
1,000.0
Northeast Corridor Grants to Amtrak
1,200.0
National Network Grants to Amtrak
3,200.0
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program
600.0
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants
7,200.0
Total, FAA
13,200.0
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Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
Transit Infrastructure Grants
2,050.0
Capital Investment Grants
1,600.0
All Stations Accessibility Program
350.0
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program
50.0
Ferry Service for Rural Communities
200.0
Total, FTA
4,250.0
Maritime Administration (MARAD)

Operations and Training
25.0
Port Infrastructure Development Program
450.0
Total MARAD
475.0
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization Grant Program
200.0
Subtotal, IIJA
36,835.6
Total Other Appropriations
39,535.6
Source: House Committee Print 47-047/47-048, the FY2022 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Book II, Div. L,
Table of Combined Budget Authority, “Other Appropriations,” pp. 2781-2794.
The RAISE Multi-modal Grant Program
Most DOT funding is provided by mode. The vast majority goes to programs focused on
highways, with lesser amounts dedicated to the aviation, transit, rail, and maritime sectors. One of
the few grant programs for which project eligibility is not limited to a single mode is the national
infrastructure investment program, popularly known as the RAISE discretionary grant program
(previously called TIGER and then BUILD).14 This program is popular in part because it is one of
the few transportation grant programs that offer communities an opportunity to obtain federal
funding directly for local projects without state government involvement, and in part because
virtually any transportation project eligible for federal funding is eligible for a grant under this
program. The House committee bill would have increased funding for the program by 20%, from
$1.0 billion in FY2021 to $1.2 billion in FY2022, including $40 million for planning grants. The
House Appropriations Committee commended DOT for revising the selection criteria for the
FY2021 round of grants to include climate change, environmental justice, and racial equity
considerations, and included in its recommendations a direction to prioritize projects that improve
race and social equity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the distribution of funds in
FY2022. The Senate draft committee bill would have increased funding for the RAISE
discretionary grant program by 9%, from $1.00 billion in FY2021 to $1.09 billion in FY2022.
Separately, the IIJA provided supplemental funding of $1.5 billion for RAISE grants in FY2022,
and DOT issued a grant solicitation for that funding on January 28, 2022.15 The final THUD bill

14 In previous years, the THUD bill line item “National Infrastructure Investment” funded the TIGER/BUILD/RAISE
program. Sections 21201 and 21202 of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58) created two statutory grant programs, the funding for
which comes from the THUD bill line item “National Infrastructure Investment”: National Infrastructure Project
Assistance (§21201) and Local and Regional Project Assistance (§21202). The latter is now also called the RAISE
grant program.
15 United States Department of Transportation, “U.S. Department of Transportation Announces Availability of $1.5
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provided an additional $775 million for the RAISE grant program; DOT issued a revised grant
solicitation reflecting the new total of $2.275 billion.
Highway Safety
The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 37% ($232 million) in NHTSA highway
safety grants to states, divided between formula safety grants and national priority safety
incentive grant programs. This increased funding was to be drawn from the Highway Trust Fund,
and is thus dependent on enactment of surface transportation reauthorization legislation as noted
above. The Senate draft committee bill recommended no increase. The final bill provided an
increase of 24% ($151 million) over the FY2021 level.
Passenger Rail
The House-passed bill recommended an increase of 46% ($1.3 billion) in funding for passenger
rail. This was to provide $2.7 billion for Amtrak and $1.1 billion for grants to states and other
entities for improvements in passenger rail service. This funding is not drawn from the Highway
Trust Fund. The Senate draft committee bill recommended an increase of 32%, mostly for
additional Amtrak funding. The final bill provided an increase of 19% ($481 million) over the
comparable FY2021 level, a total of $3.1 billion. Division J of the IIJA provided an additional
$12.6 billion for FY2022.
Commercial Truck Safety
The congressional mandate16 for heavy trucks to be equipped with electronic logging devices
(ELDs) to track the time worked by drivers went into effect at the end of 2017.17 The purpose was
to improve safety by reducing the incidence of commercial drivers driving while fatigued; this
would be achieved by improving compliance with (and enforcement of) the federal hours-of-
service limits that limit the amount of time a driver can drive each day and each week. ELDs
make it harder for drivers to exceed the limits without detection. Objections from certain sectors
of the trucking industry have led Congress to repeatedly bar enforcement of the ELD mandate
with respect to livestock haulers in the annual THUD appropriations act. This action has been
opposed by safety advocates. The FY2021 House version of the THUD bill did not include this
waiver, though the enacted FY2021 THUD act did; the waiver was added to the FY2022 THUD
bill by amendment in the House Appropriations Committee markup of the bill, was included in
the draft Senate committee bill, and was included in the enacted bill (§132).
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Overview
HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed
primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other

Billion in RAISE Grants Made Possible by President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,” January 28, 2022,
https://www.transportation.gov/RAISEgrants.
16 Section 32301(b) of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), P.L. 112-141.
17 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, “Final Rule: Electronic Logging Devices,” 80 Federal Register 78292,
December 16, 2015, at https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-12-16/pdf/2015-31336.pdf.
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special housing needs and to expand access to homeownership.18 The largest share of HUD’s
budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; project-
based rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202 and Section 811; and public housing. These
programs, which serve nearly 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income
recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.
Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments
finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income
families. Native American tribes receive their own direct housing grants through the Native
American Housing Block Grant program.
Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons
(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency
Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing
Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing
enforcement activities and healthy homes activities, including lead-based paint hazard
identification and remediation.
HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to
homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings
containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured
mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds.
Agency Funding
Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations generally contained in
the annual Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations legislation. (HUD
programs may also receive additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in
some years, most often in response to disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides gross
appropriations for HUD programs and activities for a fiscal year. The “cost” of those
appropriations, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s scorekeeping process, is
generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and the Government
National Mortgage Association (GNMA) securitization of government loans. To a lesser extent,
rescissions of prior-year appropriations can also create savings. The gross appropriations
provided to HUD, minus savings from offsets and rescissions, is the net budget authority total,
which is used for budget enforcement purposes.
Status of FY2022 HUD Appropriations
As shown in Table 5, the President’s FY2022 budget request proposed an increase of $8.3 billion
(+13.8%) in gross (regular, nonemergency) appropriations for HUD programs and activities
relative to FY2021. (Because of an estimated increase in offsets in FY2022, net discretionary
budget authority—used for budget enforcement purposes—would see a smaller total increase
(+$7.1 billion) than gross budget authority. However, gross appropriations is a more accurate
measure of the resources available to HUD’s programs and activities.) Most of the requested
increase ($6.1 billion) is directed to HUD’s primary rental assistance programs, which, combined,
serve nearly 4.6 million low-income households. However, nearly all HUD programs are

18 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal
Housing Assistance Programs and Policy.
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proposed for increases, including HUD grant programs that had been targeted for elimination in
budget requests from the Trump Administration.
The House bill proposed increasing gross appropriations for HUD relative to FY2021, but slightly
less than was requested by the President (a difference of $250 million, or less than 1%). The
Senate Appropriations Committee Chair’s draft proposed providing HUD with an increase over
FY2021 (+8.4%) but less than requested by the President or proposed by the House. The final
FY2022 appropriations law included $65.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD, an increase
of 9% over FY2021, but less than was requested by the President’s budget. Accounting for
offsets, HUD’s net discretionary total for FY2022 is nearly $53.7 billion.
Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
FY2021-FY2022 Detailed Appropriations
(dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Appropriations

Salaries and Expenses (Mgmt. & Adm.)
1,499
1,681
1,558a
1,595
1,588
Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8 Housing
Choice Vouchers)
25,777b
30,442
29,216
27,719
27,370
Voucher Renewals (non-add)
23,080
25,001
24,951
24,527
24,095
Administrative Fees (non-add)
2,159
2,790
2,465a
2,474
2,410
Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (VASH)
incremental vouchers (non-add)
40
0
20
50
50
Family Unification Program (FUP) incremental
vouchers
25
0
25
30
30
Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add)
43
1,552
1,005a
75
200
Mobility services (non-add)
0
491
150
0
25
Public Housing Fund
7,806
8,575
8,640
8,838
8,452
Operating Grants (non-add)
4,839
4,887
4,897
5,019
5,038
Capital Grants (non-add)
2,765
3,200
3,400
3,616
3,200
Climate Resiliency/Utility Grants (non-add)
—
245
100
0
0
Energy and Water Efficiency (non-add)
—
55
50
0
0
Choice Neighborhoods
200
250
400
200
350
Self Sufficiency Programs
155
175
202a
170
159
Native American Programs
825
1,000
950
1,000
1,002
Native American Housing Block Grants
647
723
722
772
772
(Formula) (non-add)
Native American Housing Block Grants
100
100
150
150
150
(Competitive) (non-add)
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FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Native American Housing Block Grants
(competitive) for energy efficiency and climate
—
100
0
0
0
resiliency (non-add)
Indian Community Development Block Grants
(non-add)
70
70
70
70
72
Indian Housing Loan Guarantee
2
4
4
4
4
Native Hawaiian Block Grant
2
7
4
15
22
Housing, Persons with AIDS (HOPWA)
430
450
600
450
450
Community Development Fund
3,475
3,770
4,688
4,190
4,841
CDBG Formula Grants
3,450
3,745c
3,728d
3,550
3,300
SUPPORT for Patients and Communities
25
25
25
25
25
Economic Development Initiativese
—
—
936d
615
1,516
HOME Investment Partnerships
1,350
1,850
1,850
1,450
1,500
Formula Grants (inc. insular areas)
1,350
1,750
1,800
1,450
1,500
Downpayment Assistance
—
100
50
0
0
Self-Help Homeownership
60
60
65
65
63
Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership
10
10
15
15
13
Opportunity Program
Section 4 Capacity Building
41
41
45
41
41
Rural Capacity Building
5
5
5
5 5
Veterans Home Rehabilitation and
4
4
0
4
4
Modification Pilot Program
Homeless Assistance Grants
3,000
3,500
3,420
3,260
3,213
Project-Based Rental Assistance (Sec. 8)
13,465
14,060
14,010
13,970
13,940
Contract Renewals
13,115
13,675
13,625
13,615 13,585
Contract Administrators
350
355
355
355
355
Service coordinators for the elderly
—
30
30
0
0
Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)
855
928
1,033
956
1,033
Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section
227
272
352
227
352
811)
Housing Counseling Assistance
78
86
100
58
58
Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundf
13
14
14
14
14
Green Retrofit for Multifamily
—
250
0
0
0
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
130
180g
150
150
150
Expensesf
Government National Mortgage Assn. (GNMA)
35
40
36
37
35
Expensesf
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FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Accounts
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Research and Technology
105
145
185
105
145
Fair Housing Activities
73
85
85
85
85
Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add)
24
25
25
25
25
Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add)
46
56
56
56
56
Lead Hazard Reduction
360
400
460
400
415
Information Technology Fund
300
323
278
300
323
Inspector General
137
147
145
140
140
Gross Appropriations Subtotal
60,358
68,694
68,444 65,398 65,702
Offsetting Collections and Receipts

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund
-13
-14
-14
-14
-14
FHA
-9,244
-9,596
-9,596
-9,596
-9,596
GNMA
-1,439
-2,364h
-2,363
-2,363
-2,363
Offsets Subtotal
-10,696
-11,974
-11,973
-11,973
-11,973
Rescissions

Rental Housing Assistance
-14
—
—
—
—
Native Hawaiian Housing Loan Guarantee Fund
—
-6
0
-6
-6
rescission
Executive and Administrative Support Offices
—
—
—
—
-29i
rescission
Rescissions Subtotal
-14
-6
0
-6
-35
Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority
49,648j
56,714
56,471
53,419
53,694
Supplemental Disaster Relief Funding

5,000k
Sources: HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications; H.Rept. 117-99; Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed
by the House; and Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/
majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-appropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the
funding tables included in the explanatory statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022,
as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184.
Notes: Totals may not add due to rounding. Only selected set-asides are presented in this table. The addition of
non-add indicates that the set-asides listed are not exhaustive. Figures include advance appropriations available in
the fiscal year, rather than provided in the bil .
a. Amount adjusted for floor amendment.
b. Of this amount, $695 mil ion is designated as being for an emergency requirement by Section 420 of
Division L of P.L. 116-260.
c. This amount includes $295 mil ion “for activities targeted to the revitalization of deteriorating or
deteriorated neighborhoods and places with the greatest need, as determined by the Secretary,” by a
separate formula.
d. The bil allows for up to $935.5 mil ion to be set aside within the account for Economic Development
Initiative projects. If less than this amount is set aside, then more may be available for formula grants.
e. All funding contained in this set-aside is earmarked for congressionally-requested projects, as described in
the text box “Return of Earmarks” earlier in this report.
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f.
Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the col ection of fees or other receipts. Those
offsets are shown later in this table.
g. Part of this increase would support a temporary expansion of the Good Neighbor Next Door program and
a new Home Equity Accelerator Loan pilot. See pp. 28-1 and 28-2 of HUD’s FY2022 budget justifications.
h. Includes estimated receipts attributable to a general provision (§230) included in the President’s request to
allow GNMA to securitize certain state housing finance agency risk-sharing loans. The requested provision
was not included in the House bil , Senate draft, or final law.
i.
Section 238 of the HUD General Provisions includes a rescission of unobligated balances from the Executive
Office and Management Support Office within the Management and Administration account, which CBO
estimated at $29 mil ion.
j.
P.L. 117-2 provided $10.770 bil ion in additional mandatory funding for HUD programs for COVID-19
response and relief purposes in FY2021. Those funds are not reflected in this table.
k. Division B of the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 117-43)
provided $5 bil ion in emergency supplemental FY2022 funding for HUD’s Community Development Block
Grant disaster recovery grants.
Selected FY2022 HUD Appropriations Issues
Rental Assistance Funding
Through various programs utilizing different mechanisms, the federal government subsidizes the
rents of nearly 4.6 million low-income households, allowing them to pay affordable, below-
market rents, generally set at 30% of a family’s income. The vast majority of HUD funding each
year is devoted to maintaining these rental assistance programs, which include (from largest to
smallest in terms of households served in FY2020):
 Housing Choice Vouchers (2.3 million households (HHs));
 Section 8 project-based rental assistance (1.2 million HHs);
 public housing (880,000 HHs);
 Section 202 Housing for the Elderly (124,000 HHs); and
 Section 811 Housing for Persons with Disabilities (32,000 HHs).19
Funding for these rental assistance programs accounts for roughly 80% of HUD’s total (gross)
appropriations, most of which is used to maintain assistance for currently assisted families.
Although it is estimated that roughly one in four eligible households receives rental assistance,
leading to waiting lists for assistance in most communities, expansions of these programs to serve
new families have been limited. For many years, new Housing Choice Vouchers (referred to as
incremental vouchers) have been funded only for homeless veterans, via the Veterans Affairs
Supportive Housing (VASH) program, and for child welfare-involved families and former foster
youth, via the Family Unification Program (FUP). While some funding for new Section 202 and
Section 811 units has been provided, HUD has no funding or authority to expand the public
housing or Section 8 project-based rental assistance programs. One challenge with expanding
rental assistance programs has been the need for funding to renew newly created subsidies in
subsequent years. In light of caps on domestic discretionary spending, growing renewal costs can
lead to difficult trade-offs in the appropriations process.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the largest expansions in rental assistance in
recent years were funded in FY2021, with mandatory ARPA funding for 70,000 new (albeit

19 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Overview of Rental Assistance Programs, p. 2-1,
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/5_2022CJ-OverviewofRentalAssistancePrograms.pdf.
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temporary) vouchers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as additional discretionary
funding of $43 million in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, for new incremental
vouchers for persons who are homeless or at-risk of homelessness.
For FY2022, the President’s budget proposed directing $6.1 billion of the total $7.5 billion in
increased funding requested over FY2021 to rental assistance programs. In addition to
maintaining assistance to the 4.6 million currently assisted households, part of this increase is
intended to fund expansions in rental assistance.
Housing Choice Vouchers
The President’s budget request included $1.5 billion in the tenant-based rental assistance account
for new incremental Housing Choice Vouchers. Budget documents stated this would allow the
program to serve an additional 200,000 families, the largest increase since the program was
authorized.
The request also included an increase in administrative fee funding ($2.8 billion, or +29% over
FY2021) and a new set-aside to fund mobility services to help families relocate to areas of
opportunity ($491 million).
The House bill proposed just over $1 billion for new incremental vouchers, which H.Rept. 117-99
estimated would serve 125,000 additional families. While lower than the President’s request, this
expansion would still be the largest since the program’s inception. Additionally, while the
President’s budget included no funding for new VASH or FUP vouchers, the House bill included
$20 million for VASH and $25 million for FUP. The House bill proposed increased funding for
administrative fees above the FY2021 level (+14%), but not as high as requested, and proposed to
fund the new mobility services set-aside, but at a reduced level ($150 million). The Senate
Committee Chair’s draft included increased funding for VASH and FUP relative to FY2021 and
the House bill, but less for other new incremental vouchers ($75 million, for families with young
children to move to low-poverty neighborhoods). The final FY2022 appropriations law matched
the Senate draft funding levels for FUP and VASH and included $200 million for other
incremental vouchers.
Section 202 and Section 811
The President’s budget also proposed funding increases for the Section 202 Supportive Housing
for the Elderly and Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities programs (+$73
million and +$45 million over FY2021, respectively). The President’s budget documents noted
the funding levels requested would be sufficient to create approximately 2,000 new units—1,100
for Section 202 and 900 for Section 811.
The House bill proposed more than the requested amount for each program (+$178 million for
Section 202 and +$125 million for Section 811 relative to FY2021). H.Rept. 117-99 noted that the
amounts provided would be sufficient to fund more than double the President’s requested units
(2,250 new units for Section 202; 1,800 new units for Section 811). The Senate Committee
Chair’s draft proposed level funding for Section 811 relative to FY2021; an increase above the
President’s request for Section 202, but less than the House bill ($956 million). The final FY2022
appropriations law funded these programs at the House-passed level.
Public Housing
The President’s budget request for public housing was estimated to cover the full cost of public
housing operating expenses under the operating fund formula, and the amount requested for
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capital grants was intended to be sufficient to meet the full estimated annual capital accrual needs
in public housing (although not sufficient to address the backlog of capital needs in public
housing, estimated to be as much as $70 billion). The request also included requests for new
funding for various energy efficiency, water efficiency, utility consumption reduction, and climate
resiliency incentives/grants.
The House bill proposed to exceed the President’s requested funding level for public housing
both in terms of operating and capital funding; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft proposed a
larger increase in funding for public housing than the House bill. The final FY2022 funding law
met or exceeded the President’s request for operating and capital funding for public housing, but
did not include any of the add-on grants/incentives the President’s budget had requested.
Formula Grants
HUD’s budget includes funding for a number of formula grants to states, municipalities, and
tribes for a range of housing and community development purposes. These include the CDBG
programs, which can be used by states and localities for a wide range of community development
purposes; the HOME program, which can be used by states and localities for various affordable
housing purposes; and the Native American Housing Block Grant (NAHBG) to tribes for
affordable housing.
The President’s budget request included funding increases relative to FY2021 for each of these
programs. Specifically, it proposed to increase CDBG formula grants by $295 million (+8.6%);20
HOME formula grants by $400 million (+30%); and NAHBG formula grants by $76 million
(+11.7%).
The House bill also included increases for each of these formula grants relative to FY2021. It
proposed increasing CDBG formula grants relative to FY2021 by somewhat less than the
President’s request (+$289 million, or +8.4%),21 HOME formula grants relative to FY2021 by
more than the President’s request (+$450 million, or +33%), and NAHBG formula grants relative
to FY2021 by slightly less than the request (+$75 million, or +11.6%). The Senate Committee
Chair’s draft proposed funding above the President’s request for NAHBG formula grants but
below the President’s requested level for CDBG and HOME formula grants (though an increase
over FY2021). The final FY2022 appropriations law cut funding for CDBG formula grants (-4%),
but increased funding for HOME formula grants (+11%) and NAHBG formula grants relative to
FY2021 (+19%).
Additionally, for the HOME program, the President’s budget requested $100 million for a new
down payment assistance grant program; the House bill proposed $50 million for this purpose.
The Senate Committee Chair’s draft did not include funding for this down payment initiative, and
it was not funded in the final FY2022 law.
Homelessness
In addition to the broader-purpose formula grants previously mentioned, HUD’s budget includes
funding for formula and competitive grants specifically to address homelessness through two
accounts: the Homelessness Assistance Grants account, which funds the Continuum of Care

20 The Congressional Budget Justifications note that this requested increase would fund more geographically targeted
activities for historically underserved areas, via a separate allocation format in which communities would opt in. For
more information, see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/18_2022CJ-
CommunityDevelopmentFund.pdf#page=4.
21 The bill did not include the alternate funding formula requested by the President and discussed in footnote 20.
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program and the Emergency Shelter Grants, and the Housing Opportunities for Persons with
AIDS (HOPWA) program.
For FY2022, the President’s budget requested funding increases relative to FY2021 for both
Homeless Assistance Grants (+$500 million, or +17%) and HOPWA (+$20 million, or +5%). The
House bill proposed a smaller increase relative to FY2021 than requested for the Homeless
Assistance Grants (+$420 million, or +14%), but a larger increase relative to FY2021 than
requested for HOPWA (+$170 million or +40%). The committee report noted that its
recommended HOPWA funding increase is designed to allow HUD to hold harmless communities
that might otherwise receive a decrease as the agency implements an updated HOPWA formula in
FY2022. The Senate Committee Chair’s draft included increased funding for Homeless
Assistance Grants relative to FY2021, but less than the request; it proposed to match the request
for HOPWA. The final FY2022 appropriations law included an increase for the Homeless
Assistance Grants relative to FY2021, but less than was requested or proposed by the House or
Senate draft bills. It met the President’s request for HOPWA.
Climate Initiative
The Administration attributes $800 million of the $7.1 billion in increased funding it requested
for HUD relative to FY2021 to a new climate initiative. The department’s budget documents state
that the funding will be used for “targeted investments to improve the quality of housing through
climate resilience and energy efficiency.”22
The $800 million is composed of a request for $250 million for a new energy and green retrofit
grant program for multifamily housing funded in a new account, as well as set-asides for new or
expanded initiatives in a number of existing accounts.
As shown in Table 6, the House bill proposed to partially fund two of the elements of the climate
initiative proposed by the President; the Senate Committee Chair’s draft contained no funding for
any of these initiatives. The proposals were not funded in the final FY2022 appropriations law.
Table 6. HUD Climate Initiative Funding
(dollars in millions)

Senate
Cmte
President’s
Chair
Account
Activity
Request
House Bill
Draft
Enacted
Public Housing Fund
Utility Conservation and
Climate Resilience
245
100
0
0
Public Housing Fund
Energy Performance
Contracts
55
50
0
0
Choice
Climate Grants
50
0
0
0
Neighborhoods
Native American
Energy and Water efficiency
100
0
0
0
Programs
competitive grants
Green and Resilient
Green and Resilient Retrofit
250
0
0
0
Retrofit Program
Program

22 HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/
documents/6_2022CJ_ClimateInitiative.pdf.
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Senate
Cmte
President’s
Chair
Account
Activity
Request
House Bill
Draft
Enacted
Tenant Based Rental
Rental Assistance
Assistance
Demonstration
50
0
0
0
Project Based Rental
Rental Assistance
Assistance
Demonstration
50
0
0
0
Sources: HUD FY2022 Congressional Budget Justifications, Climate Initiative, p. 3-1; H.Rept. 117-99; and
Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House; Senate majority draft bil and report as posted at
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-nine-senate-
appropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory statement
accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, as published in the Congressional Record on March 9, 2022,
beginning on p. H3184.
THUD Related Agencies
As shown in Table 7, most of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill would have received
level or slightly increased funding relative to the prior year under the President’s FY2022 budget
request, and these requests were supported by the House. The notable exception is the
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, for which a 3% ($5 million) increase was requested,
and for which the House recommended a 12% ($20 million) increase over FY2021. The Senate
Committee Chair’s draft proposed providing the same amount as requested overall, although with
funds distributed somewhat differently across the related agencies. The final FY2022
appropriations law included $398 million for related agencies, nearly the same as the President
requested.
Table 7. THUD Independent Agencies, FY2021-FY2022
(dollars in millions)
FY2022
Senate
Cmte
FY2021
FY2022
FY2022
Chair
FY2022
Related Agencies
Enacted Request
House
Draft
Enacted
Access Board
9
10
10
10
10
Federal Maritime Commission
30
31
31
33
33
National Railroad Passenger Corporation
25
26
27
26
(Amtrak) Office of Inspector General
26
National Transportation Safety Board
118
121
121
123
121
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation
165
170
185
166
166
(NeighborWorks)
Surface Transportation Board
38
39
39
39
39
Offsetting Col ections
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness
4
4
4
4
4
Total
388
400
416
400
398
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Sources: Division G of H.R. 4502, as passed by the House and H.Rept. 117-99; Senate majority draft bil and
report as posted at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/news/majority/chairman-leahy-releases-remaining-
nine-senate-appropriations-bil s; final FY2022 figures taken from the funding tables included in the explanatory
statement accompanying the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, as published in the Congressional Record on
March 9, 2022, beginning on page H3184.
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Selected Related Agencies Issues
NeighborWorks America
The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (commonly known as NeighborWorks America)
was created via federal charter in 1978 to support affordable housing and neighborhood
revitalization nationwide through a network of affiliated local organizations. From FY2018-
FY2021, the Trump Administration’s budget requests to Congress requested only enough funding
for NeighborWorks to allow the organization to wind down existing commitments until it ceased
operations. Despite these proposals, Congress continued to fund the organization in the annual
appropriations acts. The first budget request of the Biden Administration requested a $5 million
increase over the FY2021 enacted level for NeighborWorks. The House bill included a larger
increase ($20 million), and designated $25 million of the total funding for a competitive grant
program to fund revitalization in areas with concentrations of abandoned or distressed
properties.23 The Senate Committee Chair’s draft proposed an increase over FY2021 (+$1
million), but less than requested or proposed by the House. The final FY2022 appropriations law
adopted the Senate draft level.

Author Information

Maggie McCarty
David Randall Peterman
Specialist in Housing Policy
Analyst in Transportation Policy

Disclaimer
This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan
shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and
under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other
than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in
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23 See pp. 161-162 of H.Rept. 117-99.
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