{ "id": "R46368", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R46368", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R46368", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "date": "2023-11-07", "typeId": "R", "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/2023-11-07_R46368_ead3742fb2eeb555f248cdd50d5e620124751d64.pdf", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46368/5", "sha1": "ead3742fb2eeb555f248cdd50d5e620124751d64" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-11-07_R46368_ead3742fb2eeb555f248cdd50d5e620124751d64.html" } ], "type": "CRS Report", "summary": null, "title": "U.S. Assistance for Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-12-23T04:03:54.705179", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "id": "R46368_5_2023-11-07" }, { "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R46368", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "date": "2022-08-30", "typeId": "R", "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/2022-08-30_R46368_15364e54b11dfecdd643f0e3b7853ef072e66471.pdf", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46368/3", "sha1": "15364e54b11dfecdd643f0e3b7853ef072e66471" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-08-30_R46368_15364e54b11dfecdd643f0e3b7853ef072e66471.html" } ], "type": "CRS Report", "summary": null, "title": "U.S. Assistance for Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-12-23T04:03:54.703823", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "id": "R46368_3_2022-08-30" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 625226, "date": "2020-05-20", "retrieved": "2020-05-20T22:14:45.420550", "title": "U.S. Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview", "summary": "Overview. Congress authorizes, appropriates, and oversees U.S. assistance to sub-Saharan Africa (\u201cAfrica\u201d), which received over a quarter of U.S. aid obligated in FY2018. Annual State Department- and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-administered assistance to Africa increased more than five-fold over the past two decades, primarily due to sizable increases in global health spending and more incremental growth in economic and security assistance. State Department and USAID-administered assistance allocated to African countries from FY2019 appropriations totaled roughly $7.1 billion. This does not include considerable U.S. assistance provided to Africa via global accounts, such as emergency humanitarian aid and certain kinds of development, security, and health aid. The United States channels additional funds to Africa through multilateral bodies, such as the United Nations and World Bank.\nObjectives and Delivery. Over the past decade, roughly 70-75% of annual U.S. aid to Africa has sought to address health challenges, notably relating to HIV/AIDS, malaria, maternal and child health, and nutrition. Much of this assistance has been delivered via disease-specific initiatives, including the President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the President\u2019s Malaria Initiative (PMI). Other U.S. aid programs seek to foster agricultural development and economic growth; strengthen peace and security; improve education access and social service delivery; bolster democracy, human rights, and good governance; support sustainable natural resource management; and address humanitarian needs. What impacts the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have for the scale and orientation of U.S. assistance to Africa remains to be seen.\nAid to Africa during the Trump Administration. The Trump Administration has maintained many of its predecessors\u2019 aid initiatives that focus wholly or largely on Africa, and has launched its own Africa-focused trade and investment initiative, known as Prosper Africa. At the same time, the Administration has proposed sharp reductions in U.S. assistance to Africa, in line with proposed cuts to foreign aid globally. It also has proposed funding account eliminations and consolidations that, if enacted, could have implications for U.S. aid to Africa. Congressional consideration of the Administration\u2019s FY2021 budget request is underway; the Administration has requested $5.1 billion in aid for Africa, a 28% drop from FY2019 allocations. Congress has not enacted similar proposed cuts in past appropriations measures. \nSelected Considerations for Congress. Policymakers, analysts, and advocates continue to debate the value and effectiveness of U.S. assistance programs in Africa. Some Members of Congress have questioned whether sectoral allocations are adequately balanced given the broad scope of Africa\u2019s needs and U.S. priorities in the region. Concern also exists as to whether funding levels are commensurate with U.S. interests. Comprehensive regional- or country-level breakouts of U.S. assistance are not routinely made publicly available in budget documents, complicating estimates of U.S. aid to the region and congressional oversight of assistance programs.\nIn addition to authorizing and appropriating U.S. foreign assistance, Congress has shaped U.S. aid to Africa through legislation denying or placing conditions on certain kinds of assistance to countries whose governments fail to meet standards in, for instance, human rights, debt repayment, or trafficking in persons. Congress also has restricted certain kinds of security assistance to foreign security forces implicated in human rights abuses. Some African countries periodically have been subject to other restrictions on U.S. foreign assistance, including country-specific provisions in annual aid appropriations measures restricting certain kinds of assistance. 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