{ "id": "R45338", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R45338", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45338", "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "date": "2021-06-01", "typeId": "R", "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/2021-06-01_R45338_e103394a2c75266b7bac362469cc96d9d81a5e09.pdf", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45338/3", "sha1": "e103394a2c75266b7bac362469cc96d9d81a5e09" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-06-01_R45338_e103394a2c75266b7bac362469cc96d9d81a5e09.html" } ], "type": "CRS Report", "summary": null, "title": "Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Media Ownership Rules", "retrieved": "2021-06-27T04:03:25.527655", "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "id": "R45338_3_2021-06-01" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 586231, "date": "2018-10-09", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T20:47:18.938368", "title": "Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Media Ownership Rules", "summary": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) aims, with its broadcast media ownership rules, to promote localism and competition by restricting the number of media outlets that a single entity may own or control within a geographic market and, in the case of broadcast television stations, nationwide. In addition, the FCC seeks to encourage diversity, including (1) the diversity of viewpoints, as reflected in the availability of media content reflecting a variety of perspectives; (2) diversity of programming, as indicated by a variety of formats and content; (3) outlet diversity, to ensure the presence of multiple independently owned media outlets within a geographic market; and (4) minority and female ownership of broadcast media outlets. \nTwo FCC media ownership rules have proven particularly controversial. Its national media ownership rule prohibits any entity from owning commercial television stations that reach more than 39% of U.S. households nationwide. Its \u201cUHF discount\u201d rule discounts by half the reach of a station broadcasting in the Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band for the purpose of applying the national media ownership rule. In December 2017, the commission opened a rulemaking proceeding, seeking comments about whether it should modify or repeal the two rules. If the FCC retains the UHF discount, even if it maintains the 39% cap, a single entity could potentially reach 78% of U.S. households through its ownership of broadcast television stations.\nAn important issue with respect to the national ownership cap, which the FCC has not addressed in a rulemaking, is how the agency treats a situation in which a broadcaster manages, operates, or sells advertising for a television station owned by another. In some cases, the FCC has articulated its policy on an ad hoc basis in the context of merger reviews, while in other instances it has effectively consented to such arrangements through its silence. Thus, a single entity could comply with the national ownership cap while still influencing broadcast television stations it does not own, reaching more viewers than permitted under the cap. For example, in reviewing the now-cancelled proposed merger between Sinclair Broadcast Group and Tribune Media Company in 2018, FCC commissioners raised concerns that Sinclair\u2019s proposed sale of Tribune\u2019s Chicago station WGN-TV in order to comply with the national ownership cap could effectively be a \u201csham\u201d transaction due to Sinclair\u2019s relationships with the proposed buyer. Nevertheless, neither Sinclair\u2019s application nor the FCC\u2019s order for a designated hearing addressed whether Sinclair\u2019s intention to operate four television stations owned by others within the Wilkes-Barre-Scranton-Hazleton, PA, television market might cause it to breach the national ownership cap. \nIn November 2017, acting in response to petitions from broadcast station licensees, the FCC repealed or relaxed several local media ownership rules. The repealed rules limited common ownership of broadcast television and radio stations within the same market, and of television stations and newspapers within the same market. The FCC also relaxed rules limiting common ownership of two top-four television stations (generally, ABC, CBS, FOX, and NBC stations) within the same market. In August 2018, the FCC issued rules governing a new \u201cincubator\u201d program designed to enhance ownership diversity. Parties, including the Prometheus Radio Project, have appealed these orders. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit is scheduled to hear arguments regarding the legal challenges to all of the FCC\u2019s recent broadcast media ownership rule changes. The FCC plans to launch its next quadrennial media ownership review later this year.\nThese regulatory changes are occurring against the background of significant changes in media consumption patterns. Based on surveys conducted by Pew Research Center, the percentage of adults citing local broadcast television as a news source declined from 65% in 1996 to 37% in 2016. As broadcast stations face competition for viewers\u2019 attention from other media outlets, and thereby financial pressures, some station owners have sought to strengthen their positions by consolidating. The extent to which such media consolidation can occur is directly related to the FCC media ownership and attribution rules in place at the time.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45338", "sha1": "fd8d0cd1668d6d9534c96045dc6ac77e26b094b9", "filename": "files/20181009_R45338_fd8d0cd1668d6d9534c96045dc6ac77e26b094b9.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45338_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181009_R45338_images_dc0a138e4a9f3604b625a2718b3536d8668d2c56.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45338", "sha1": "1f8fcea2a1ec4f4df5577b40abae74b5bdbbffb3", "filename": "files/20181009_R45338_1f8fcea2a1ec4f4df5577b40abae74b5bdbbffb3.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4805, "name": "Competition Policy & Law" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Internet and Telecommunications Policy" ] }