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      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development. The largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; rural development; FDA; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance program salaries and loans; food safety inspection; animal and plant health programs; and salaries and expenses for administering conservation programs.\nOn February 15, 2019, Congress passed and the President signed the FY2019 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-6, H.Rept. 116-9). This action, more than four months into the fiscal year, followed three continuing resolutions and a 34-day partial government shutdown. \nThe official discretionary total of the enacted FY2019 Agriculture appropriation is $23.03 billion, which is $35 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+0.2%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The enacted total is $6.3 billion more than the Administration requested (+38%), $55 million more than was proposed in the House-reported bill (+0.2%), but $194 million less than in the Senate-passed bill (-0.8%).\nAmong the primary differences that account for the overall $35 million discretionary increase for FY2019 over FY2018 are an increase in agricultural research (mostly for construction) by $387 million (+13%) to $3.4 billion, an increase in FDA appropriations by $269 million (+10%) to $3.1 billion, an increase in WIC funding by a net $200 million (accounting for changes in the amount of carryover balances rescinded and in the base appropriation), an increase in five other program areas by a combined $78 million, and a decrease in rural development by reducing extra appropriations that were made in FY2018 for water and wastewater programs (-$425 million) and rural broadband (-$475 million).\nThe appropriation also carries $129 billion of mandatory spending that is largely determined in separate authorizing laws. The mandatory spending increased by $6 billion not because of congressional action this year but because of changing economic and program conditions. The annual change was mostly due to higher costs for crop insurance (+$6.5 billion), greater reimbursement for the Commodity Credit Corporation (+1.1 billion), and lower outlays for child nutrition (-$1.1 billion) and SNAP (-$0.5 billion). With mandatory and discretionary spending appropriations combined, the FY2019 agriculture total is nearly $152 billion.\nThe Consolidated Appropriations Act and its underlying bills also contain policy provisions that affect how the appropriation is delivered. These provisions affect disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal regulations, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products. \nSequestration on mandatory accounts\u2014a process that reduces federal spending through automatic across-the-board reductions\u2014also continues to affect agriculture spending.",
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          "id": 4830,
          "name": "Agriculture Budget & Appropriations"
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          "id": 4920,
          "name": "Agriculture Appropriations"
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      "id": 589765,
      "date": "2019-01-08",
      "retrieved": "2019-04-17T14:37:19.715760",
      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development. The largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported agriculture bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. The Senate amended and passed its version as Division C of a four-bill minibus on August 1, 2018 (H.R. 6147). In the absence of a final appropriation, Congress enacted two continuing resolutions, but these expired on December 21, 2018 (P.L. 115-245, Division C; and P.L. 115-298). Beginning December 22, 2018, a partial government shutdown (funding lapse) began limiting operations. Some \u201cexcepted\u201d functions such as food safety and commodity grading can continue during the funding lapse. In the 116th Congress, the House passed H.R. 21, a six-bill omnibus with Agriculture as Division C.\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). Both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills generally reject most of the proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-passed bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-passed bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nAmong the primary differences between the bills and from FY2018: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill). Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but not fund any construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding (-$116 million), while the Senate bill keeps it constant.\nThe appropriations also carry mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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      "id": 589554,
      "date": "2019-01-07",
      "retrieved": "2019-01-08T18:08:13.791009",
      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development. The largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported agriculture bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. The Senate amended and passed its version as Division C of a four-bill minibus on August 1, 2018 (H.R. 6147). In the absence of a final appropriation, Congress enacted two continuing resolutions, but these expired on December 21, 2018 (P.L. 115-245, Division C; and P.L. 115-298). Beginning December 22, 2018, a partial government shutdown (funding lapse) began limiting operations. Some \u201cexcepted\u201d functions such as food safety and commodity grading can continue during the funding lapse. In the 116th Congress, the House passed H.R. 21, a six-bill omnibus with Agriculture as Division C.\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). Both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills generally reject most of the proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-passed bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-passed bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nAmong the primary differences between the bills and from FY2018: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill). Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but not fund any construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding (-$116 million), while the Senate bill keeps it constant.\nThe appropriations also carry mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of the both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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      "date": "2018-12-07",
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      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development. The largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs paid by the Commodity Credit Corporation.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported agriculture bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. The Senate amended and passed its version as Division C of a four-bill minibus on August 1, 2018 (H.R. 6147). In the absence of a final appropriation, Congress enacted two continuing resolutions through December 21, 2018 (P.L. 115-245, Division C; and H.J.Res 143).\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). Both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills generally reject most of the proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-passed bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-passed bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nThe primary changes at the agency level that comprise the differences between the bills and from FY2018 include the following: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill). Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra money that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding from last year. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue extra funding from a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase appropriations for agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but would not provide any money for construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding provided last year (-$116 million), while the Senate bill would keep it constant overall.\nThe appropriations also carry mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of the both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development, since mandatory amounts are generally set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill.\nThe largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs paid by the Commodity Credit Corporation.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported agriculture bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. The Senate amended and passed its version as Division C of a four-bill minibus on August 1, 2018 (H.R. 6147). In the absence of a final appropriation, Congress enacted a continuing resolution through December 7, 2018 (P.L. 115-245, Division C).\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). Both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills generally reject most of the proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-passed bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-passed bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nThe primary changes at the agency level that comprise the differences between the bills and from FY2018 include the following: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill). Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra money that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding from last year. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue extra funding from a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase appropriations for agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but would not provide any money for construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding provided last year (-$116 million), while the Senate bill would keep it constant overall.\nThe appropriations also carries mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of the both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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          "id": 4830,
          "name": "Agriculture Budget & Appropriations"
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      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development, since mandatory amounts are generally set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill.\nThe largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs paid by the Commodity Credit Corporation.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported Agriculture appropriations bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. The Senate amended and passed its version as Division C of a four-bill minibus on August 1, 2018 (H.R. 6147).\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, which would be a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). In general, both the House-reported and Senate-passed bills reject most of the Administration\u2019s proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-passed bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-passed bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nThe primary changes at the agency level that comprise the differences between the bills and from FY2018 include the following: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill). Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra money that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding from last year. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue extra funding from a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase appropriations for agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but would not provide any money for construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding provided last year (-$116 million), while the Senate bill would keep it constant overall.\nThe appropriations also carries mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of the both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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      "id": 582048,
      "date": "2018-06-18",
      "retrieved": "2018-06-19T13:17:00.688962",
      "title": "Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2019 Appropriations",
      "summary": "The Agriculture appropriations bill funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except for the Forest Service. It also funds the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and\u2014in even-numbered fiscal years\u2014the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).\nAgriculture appropriations include both mandatory and discretionary spending. Discretionary amounts, though, are the primary focus during the bill\u2019s development, since mandatory amounts are generally set by authorizing laws such as the farm bill.\nThe largest discretionary spending items are the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; FDA; rural development; foreign food aid and trade; farm assistance programs; food safety inspection; conservation; and animal and plant health programs. The main mandatory spending items are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), child nutrition, crop insurance, and the farm commodity and conservation programs paid by the Commodity Credit Corporation.\nFor FY2019, both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees reported Agriculture appropriations bills (H.R. 5961, S. 2976) in May 2018. Neither bill has gone to the floor.\nThe Trump Administration requested $17 billion for discretionary-funded accounts within the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, which would be a reduction of $6.2 billion from FY2018 (-27%). In general, both the House-reported and Senate-reported bills reject most of the Administration\u2019s proposed reductions.\nThe discretionary total of the House-reported bill is $23.23 billion, which would be $14 million less than enacted in FY2018 (-0.1%). The discretionary total of the Senate-reported bill is also $23.23 billion. However, the Senate bill\u2019s total would be $229 million more than enacted in FY2018 (+1%) on a comparable basis that excludes the CFTC. The Senate-reported bill would provide about $250 million more than the House-passed bill on a comparable basis.\nThe primary changes at the agency level that comprise the differences between the bills and from FY2018 include the following: Both the House and Senate bills would increase FDA appropriations (+$308 million in the House bill; +$159 million in the Senate bill), though neither continues extra funding for the opioid crisis that was in the FY2018 appropriation. Both bills increase appropriations for animal and plant health programs (+$16 million to +$19 million). The House bill would provide more base funding for rural water and waste disposal (+$81 million), but none of the extra money that was provided separately in FY2018. The Senate bill would not change the base funding for rural water but continues $400 million of the extra funding from last year. For rural broadband, both the House and Senate bills would continue extra funding from a FY2018 pilot ($550 million in the House bill; $425 million in the Senate bill). The House bill would increase appropriations for agricultural research (+$79 million), and the Senate bill would increase Agricultural Research Service programming (+98 million) but would not provide any money for construction (-$141 million). Both bills provide less for WIC (-$175 million in the House bill, and -$25 million in the Senate bill), though the Senate bill has a larger rescission from prior-year WIC funds than does the House bill. The House bill would reduce base funding for the international Food for Peace program (-$100 million) and does not renew extra funding provided last year (-$116 million), while the Senate bill would keep it constant overall.\nThe appropriations also carries mandatory spending\u2014largely determined in separate authorizing laws\u2014that would total $122 billion. Thus, the overall total of the both bills is about $145 billion.\nBoth bills contain policy provisions affecting disaster programs, rural definitions, industrial hemp, animal products, nutrition programs, dietary guidelines, CFTC, and tobacco products.",
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  "topics": [
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}